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高考英语实用复习六动词的时态、语态和主谓一致优质课件PPT
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这是一份高考英语实用复习六动词的时态、语态和主谓一致优质课件PPT，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了 一般现在时，一般现在时的构成，一般现在时的用法， 一般过去时 ，一般过去时的构成，一般过去时的用法，一般将来时，过去将来时，现在完成时，常用现在完成时的句型等内容，欢迎下载使用。
动词的时态
一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语一般由动词原形后加s或es构成。其变化规则如下：
❶表示经常性、习惯性的动作，句中常用 ften，usually，smetimes，every day 等时间状语。
He ges t schl by bicycle every day.他每天骑自行车去上学。
❷表示现在的状态、特征、事实或客观真理。
The stry sunds very interesting.这个故事听起来很有趣。
The stry sunds very interesting.这个故事听起来很有趣。As we all knw，bjects fall t the grund because f gravity.众所周知，由于重力物体下落。
❸在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
When I graduate，I'll g t the cuntryside.毕业后我要去乡下。
❹表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作，但限于少数动词，如：begin，cme，leave，g，arrive，start，stp，return，pen，clse，take ff等。
The meeting begins at seven.会议将于七点开始。The plane takes ff at 6 'clck tmrrw mrning.飞机将在明天早上6点钟起飞。
一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，规则动词的过去式一般由动词原形加ed构成，其变化规则如下：
❶表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday，last week，an hur ag，the ther day，in 1982等。
He finished writing his nvel last mnth.他上个月写完了一部小说。I felt very tired when I gt hme，and I went straight t bed.我到家的时候感到非常累，就直接上床睡觉了。
❷表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child，I ften played ftball in the street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
❸有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生，应使用一般过去时。
Yur phne number again？I didn't quite catch it.你再说一遍您的电话号码，我刚才没有听清。
❹有表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。
Mr. White lived in Paris fr seven years，and he lives in Beijing nw.怀特先生在巴黎住过七年，他现在住在北京。
will/shall＋动词原形。
❶表示客观的将来，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。shall一般用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。
My birthday is cming. I shall be 18 years ld.我的生日就要到了。我将要18岁了。
一般将来时表示从现在看来将要发生的动作或状态。
❷will还可表达说话时临时做出的决定。
—What time is it?—I have n idea. But just a minute，I will check it fr yu.——几点了？——我不知道。稍等，我帮你看一下。
be ging t＋动词原形。
“be ging t＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
I am ging t buy sme bks with my sister this afternn.我打算下午和姐姐去买些书。Lk at the cluds. It is ging t rain.看那些乌云。天要下雨了。
be t ＋动词原形， 表示按计划进行的动作或征求对方意见。
The by is t g t schl tmrrw.男孩明天要去上学。Are we t g n with this wrk?我们要继续这项工作吗？
过去将来时的常用表达法：wuld/shuld＋动词原形。
❶表示对过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在状态。
I hped that we wuld meet again smeday.我希望将来有一天我们能再见面。
❷表示过去的某种习惯行为。
I wuld swim in the small river after schl when I was a child.我小时候放学后总是在这条小河里游泳。
过去将来时的其他表达法
❶was/were ging t d表示过去的打算和意图。
He was ging t start wrk the fllwing week.他打算接下来的那个星期开始工作。
❷was/were t＋动词原形。
这种结构通常指过去的计划、安排或注定要发生的事情。如果计划的动作没有实现，要用动词的完成式。
He said he was t meet his friend at the statin at 4 pm.他说他下午四点去车站接他朋友。(计划安排)
❸was/were abut t＋动词原形。
这种结构表示过去即将发生的事，常与when连用。
I was abut t g ut when smene called me.我正要出门，这时有人给我打电话。
表示到现在为止已发生或完成的动作，其结果的影响现在依然存在。有时与just，already，yet，recently，befre，twice，three times等时间状语连用，常与非延续性动词连用。
I dn't want t g t the cinema with yu，because I have seen the film already.我不想和你一起去看电影，因为我已经看过那部电影了。
现在完成时的谓语构成：have(has) ＋过去分词。
表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“since＋时间点”、“fr＋时间段”及 s far，up t nw，till nw，in the last/past few years等时间状语连用。
The film Wlf Warrir Ⅱ has received gd reviews since it came ut last mnth.电影《战狼Ⅱ》自上个月上映以来获得了许多好评。
It is the mst instructive lecture that I have attended since I came t this schl.这是自从我到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。
❶在“It (This) is the best (wrst，mst interesting等)＋名词＋从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。
It is the third time that yu have been late fr wrk this week，isn't it?这已经是本周你第三次上班迟到了，不是吗？
❷在“It (This) is (will be) the ＋that从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。
过去完成时的构成为had＋dne。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，句中有明显的表示过去的参照动作或时间状语。
By the time Jack returned hme frm England，his sn had graduated frm cllege.杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。Tm was disappinted that mst f the guests had left when he arrived at the party.汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。
动词hpe，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppse，plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
We had hped that yu wuld cme，but yu didn't.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questins.演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。
❶“hardly (scarcely)，n ”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“刚······就······”。
That was the secnd time that she had seen her grandfather.这是她第二次看见她的祖父了。
❷表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。
现在完成进行时的构成为have/has＋been＋ding。表示过去的动作持续到现在刚刚结束或有可能延续下去，常和fr，since引导的时间状语连用。
Tm lks tired because he has been cleaning the huse since 9 am.汤姆看上去很累，因为他从上午九点到现在一直在打扫房间了。
Yu have been saying yu can succeed fr five years.五年来你一直在说你能成功。
T much has been happening tday.今天真是一个多事的日子。
现在进行时的构成形式为：am/is/are＋v.ing。v.ing形式的变化规则如下：
We are waiting fr yu at the airprt.我们正在机场等你。
❶表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
Mr. Green is writing anther nvel these days.这些天格林先生在写另一部小说。(说话时可能并未在写)
❷表示当前一段时间正在进行的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越暖和了。
❸表示逐渐变化的动作，这样的动词有：get，grw，becme，turn，run，g，begin等。
Yu are always changing yur mind.你老是改变主意。
❹与always，cnstantly，frever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观感情色彩。
过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 常用的时间状语有：at six this mrning，the whle mrning，all day yesterday，frm nine t ten last evening等。
I was making a mdal plane at nine yesterday evening.我昨天晚上九点正在制作模型飞机。
过去进行时的另一个主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生，常用于when和 while引导的时间状语从句。
My brther fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
动词的语态
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化(以动词build为例)列表如下：
The windw is dirty. It hasn't been cleaned fr weeks.窗户脏了。已经好几周没擦了。All the emplyees are encuraged t wrk nline at hme.所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。The number f deaths frm heart disease will be reduced greatly if peple eat healthily.如果人们能健康地饮食，那么死于心脏病的人数将大大减少。
二、被动语态的基本用法
不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
This jacket is made f cttn. 这件上衣是棉料的。
为了强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。
Visitrs are requested nt t tuch the exhibits.要求参观者不可触摸展品。
用在科技文献或新闻报道中。
Cars f this kind were made in the 1980s.这种小汽车是二十世纪80年代制造的。
三、主动形式表达被动意义
系动词(lk, feel, taste, sund, smell, prve, seem, appear等)＋形容词或名词。
The dish tastes gd. 这菜味道不错。
表示开始、结束、运动的动词(begin, finish, clse, pen, start, stp, shut，mve, run等)。
The stre clses at 6：00 p．m. every day.商店每天下午六点关门。
表示主语的特点或特征的动词(read, write, sell，wash, wear, cut, lck, act, draw, drive, drink, eat, clean等)。
Bks f this kind sell well.这类书很畅销。 The pen writes smthly.这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。做题时还要注意时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。
动名词、动词不定式、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Listening t music makes me relaxed after a busy day.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。T lve and t be lved is the greatest happiness in the wrld.爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。Everything is in a cmplete mess, which drives peple crazy.所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。
主语后跟有with，tgether with，as well as，like，but，except，alng with，rather than，including，in additin t等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
Mr. Smith，tgether with his wife and daughters，is ging t visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。I think Tm，rather than yu is t blame fr the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。
由“kind，type，srt，a quantity f，quantities f”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。
This new type f buses is nw n shw.这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。With mre and mre frests being destryed，a large quantity f gd earth is being washed away each year.＝With mre and mre frests being destryed，quantities f gd earth are being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
“mre than ne/many a＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；each，every，n所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
Mre than ne persn is invlved in this.与此事有牵连的不止一个人。Every by and every girl wishes t attend the party t be held n Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加周日即将举办的聚会。
集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，grup，public，cmmittee，gvernment，audience等。
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
The class cnsists f 25 bys and 20 girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。The class are ding experiments.全班学生都在做实验。
the rest f...，the remaining/part...＋主语，谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数意义而定。
The factry used three fifths f the raw materials，the rest f which were saved fr ther purpses.工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。
分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。
Abut 50% f the land is suitable t grw plants.大约50%的土地适合种植物。Abut 80% f the peple in the city bject t the price f running water ging up.这个城市中大约80%的人反对自来水价格上调。
单复数同形的名词作主语的情况。单复数同形的名词，如means，wrks，sheep，deer，crssrads，series等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据具体情况而定。
There are varius means f cmmunicating with a stranger.同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。
从句作主语的情况。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据从句的意义决定。
That Jack has gne abrad makes us all surprised.杰克出国了，这使我们都很惊讶。What he says and acts d nt agree.他的言行不一致。(指他说的话和他做的事，是复数概念)
由r，，，nt als...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
Either yu r ne f yur students is t attend the meeting that is due tmrrw.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a dg and tw cats at the dr.门口有一条狗和两只猫。
1．Later, engineers ____________________ (manage) t cnstruct railways in a system f deep tunnels (隧道), which became knwn as the Tube.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)2．When fat and salt ____________________ (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)3．Leaving the less imprtant things until tmrrw ____________________ (be) ften acceptable.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)4．Smetimes chpsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chpsticks might ____________________ (make)f gld and silver with Chinese characters.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)5．Cnfucius believed knives wuld remind peple f killings and __________________ (be) t vilent fr use at the table.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)
are remved
6．Mr. Green as well as his children ____________________ (g) t the park every Sunday.7．What her father left her ____________________ (be) nly sme bks.8．My hbby is widespread，which ____________________ (include)drawing，cllecting stamps and s n.9．Nw Prfessr Smith，alng with his assistants， ____________________ (be) wrking n the prject day and night t meet the deadline.10．Between the tw rws f trees ____________________ (stand) the teaching building.
includes
11．I ____________________ (intend)t call n yu，but I had an unexpected visitr.12．The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and their effrts ____________________ (reward) with success in the end.13．This is because tw thirds f the earth's surface ____________________ (be) made up f vast ceans.14．Barbara is easy t recgnize as she's the nly ne f the wmen wh ____________ (wear) evening dress.15．Nt nly I but als Jane and Mary ____________________ (be) tired f having ne examinatin after anther.
had intended
will be rewarded
16．We ____________________ (tell) that ur rms hadn't been reserved fr that week，but fr the week after.17．If it ____________________ (turn) cld again，they'll dive back dwn.But they cme ut again if it is warm.18．It is the mst instructive lecture that I ____________________ (attend) since I came t this schl.19．It ____________________ (rain)when they left the statin.20．In the last few years，China ____________________ (make) great achievements in envirnmental prtectin.
have attended
was raining
has made
1．I had grwn nt nly physically，but als mentally in the past few years.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)2．Abut ne mnth after this pht was tk, I entered my secnd year f high schl and became a new member f the schl music club.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)3．Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality il are using fr cking.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) 4．A wman saw him crying and telling him t wait utside a shp.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)5．Every means have been cnsidered but nne is prper.
6．Whether the temple shuld be pulled dwn have caused a heated discussin. 7．Tm as well as tw f his friends were invited t the party yesterday. 8．One day I saw an advertisement in a lcal newspaper. I ring up the cmpany，and I was given the jb immediately. 9．The answer sheet must cut frm the newspaper and sent t China Daily befre the deadline. 10．In the past tw and a half years，ur schl had rganized many activities.
1．早睡早起是一个好习惯。2．我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。3．到目前为止，不止一名学生已经被录取到这家俱乐部。4．电话铃响时我正好要上床睡觉。
T g t bed early and t rise early is a gd habit.
When I gt t the tp f the muntain，the sun was shining.
Mre than ne student has been admitted t the club s far.
I was abut t g t bed when the phne rang.
5．那是他第三次告诉我要注意书写。6．在过去十年里，我们的城市里盖起了许多高楼大厦。7．即使明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。8．到现在为止，两条铁路的建筑工作已完成。
It was the third time that he had tld me t pay attentin t my handwriting.
In the past ten years，many tall buildings have been built in ur city.
We wn't change ur plan even if it rains tmrrw.
The cnstructin f the tw new railway lines has been cmpleted by nw.
Our sense f hearing is ne f the mst imprtant means f knwing what is ging n arund us. We 1.________ (warn) f danger by sunds. The sunds f music please us. Sund has a waste prduct，t—nise. Scientists，fr several years，have been studying hw nise affects peple and animals and are alarmed by what they 2.________ (learn)．Peace and quiet are becming harder 3.________ (find)．Nise pllutin is a threat that shuld be lked at 4.________ (careful)．
are warned
have learned
The ludness f sund is measured in units 5.________ (call) decibels (分贝)．At a level f 140 decibels peple feel pain in their ears. Trucks，buses，mtrcycles，airplanes，bats，factries—all these 6.________ (thing) make nise. They truble nt nly ur ears，but minds and bdies as well. There is a(n) 7.________ (say) that it is s nisy that yu can't hear yurself think. Dctrs 8.________ study nise believe that we must smetimes hear urselves think. If we dn't，we may have headaches，ther aches and pains，r even 9.________ (bad) mental prblems. Nise adds mre tensin t a sciety that has already faced enugh stress. We can't return 10.________ the “gd ld days” f peace and quiet. But we can reduce nise—if we shut ludly enugh abut it.
Last Sunday，we went t the amusement park near ur hme t celebrating my brther's birthday. The traffic was s bad that it tk us nearly tw hur t get there. The park was s crwding that we culd n hardly mve. My brther wanted t g n the rller caster，s we jined the queue and wait fr ur turn. By the time we gt t the frnt f the queue，my sister said she was t afraid t g n the ride，and even my brther was lked a bit nervus. Just then a man annunced that there were a technical prblem and the ride was clse. With sigh f relief，we went t get smething t eat，played sme ther games，and then went hme.
动词的时态
一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语一般由动词原形后加s或es构成。其变化规则如下：
❶表示经常性、习惯性的动作，句中常用 ften，usually，smetimes，every day 等时间状语。
He ges t schl by bicycle every day.他每天骑自行车去上学。
❷表示现在的状态、特征、事实或客观真理。
The stry sunds very interesting.这个故事听起来很有趣。
The stry sunds very interesting.这个故事听起来很有趣。As we all knw，bjects fall t the grund because f gravity.众所周知，由于重力物体下落。
❸在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
When I graduate，I'll g t the cuntryside.毕业后我要去乡下。
❹表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作，但限于少数动词，如：begin，cme，leave，g，arrive，start，stp，return，pen，clse，take ff等。
The meeting begins at seven.会议将于七点开始。The plane takes ff at 6 'clck tmrrw mrning.飞机将在明天早上6点钟起飞。
一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，规则动词的过去式一般由动词原形加ed构成，其变化规则如下：
❶表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday，last week，an hur ag，the ther day，in 1982等。
He finished writing his nvel last mnth.他上个月写完了一部小说。I felt very tired when I gt hme，and I went straight t bed.我到家的时候感到非常累，就直接上床睡觉了。
❷表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child，I ften played ftball in the street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
❸有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生，应使用一般过去时。
Yur phne number again？I didn't quite catch it.你再说一遍您的电话号码，我刚才没有听清。
❹有表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。
Mr. White lived in Paris fr seven years，and he lives in Beijing nw.怀特先生在巴黎住过七年，他现在住在北京。
will/shall＋动词原形。
❶表示客观的将来，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。shall一般用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。
My birthday is cming. I shall be 18 years ld.我的生日就要到了。我将要18岁了。
一般将来时表示从现在看来将要发生的动作或状态。
❷will还可表达说话时临时做出的决定。
—What time is it?—I have n idea. But just a minute，I will check it fr yu.——几点了？——我不知道。稍等，我帮你看一下。
be ging t＋动词原形。
“be ging t＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
I am ging t buy sme bks with my sister this afternn.我打算下午和姐姐去买些书。Lk at the cluds. It is ging t rain.看那些乌云。天要下雨了。
be t ＋动词原形， 表示按计划进行的动作或征求对方意见。
The by is t g t schl tmrrw.男孩明天要去上学。Are we t g n with this wrk?我们要继续这项工作吗？
过去将来时的常用表达法：wuld/shuld＋动词原形。
❶表示对过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在状态。
I hped that we wuld meet again smeday.我希望将来有一天我们能再见面。
❷表示过去的某种习惯行为。
I wuld swim in the small river after schl when I was a child.我小时候放学后总是在这条小河里游泳。
过去将来时的其他表达法
❶was/were ging t d表示过去的打算和意图。
He was ging t start wrk the fllwing week.他打算接下来的那个星期开始工作。
❷was/were t＋动词原形。
这种结构通常指过去的计划、安排或注定要发生的事情。如果计划的动作没有实现，要用动词的完成式。
He said he was t meet his friend at the statin at 4 pm.他说他下午四点去车站接他朋友。(计划安排)
❸was/were abut t＋动词原形。
这种结构表示过去即将发生的事，常与when连用。
I was abut t g ut when smene called me.我正要出门，这时有人给我打电话。
表示到现在为止已发生或完成的动作，其结果的影响现在依然存在。有时与just，already，yet，recently，befre，twice，three times等时间状语连用，常与非延续性动词连用。
I dn't want t g t the cinema with yu，because I have seen the film already.我不想和你一起去看电影，因为我已经看过那部电影了。
现在完成时的谓语构成：have(has) ＋过去分词。
表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“since＋时间点”、“fr＋时间段”及 s far，up t nw，till nw，in the last/past few years等时间状语连用。
The film Wlf Warrir Ⅱ has received gd reviews since it came ut last mnth.电影《战狼Ⅱ》自上个月上映以来获得了许多好评。
It is the mst instructive lecture that I have attended since I came t this schl.这是自从我到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。
❶在“It (This) is the best (wrst，mst interesting等)＋名词＋从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。
It is the third time that yu have been late fr wrk this week，isn't it?这已经是本周你第三次上班迟到了，不是吗？
❷在“It (This) is (will be) the ＋that从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。
过去完成时的构成为had＋dne。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，句中有明显的表示过去的参照动作或时间状语。
By the time Jack returned hme frm England，his sn had graduated frm cllege.杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。Tm was disappinted that mst f the guests had left when he arrived at the party.汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。
动词hpe，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppse，plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
We had hped that yu wuld cme，but yu didn't.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questins.演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。
❶“hardly (scarcely)，n ”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“刚······就······”。
That was the secnd time that she had seen her grandfather.这是她第二次看见她的祖父了。
❷表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。
现在完成进行时的构成为have/has＋been＋ding。表示过去的动作持续到现在刚刚结束或有可能延续下去，常和fr，since引导的时间状语连用。
Tm lks tired because he has been cleaning the huse since 9 am.汤姆看上去很累，因为他从上午九点到现在一直在打扫房间了。
Yu have been saying yu can succeed fr five years.五年来你一直在说你能成功。
T much has been happening tday.今天真是一个多事的日子。
现在进行时的构成形式为：am/is/are＋v.ing。v.ing形式的变化规则如下：
We are waiting fr yu at the airprt.我们正在机场等你。
❶表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
Mr. Green is writing anther nvel these days.这些天格林先生在写另一部小说。(说话时可能并未在写)
❷表示当前一段时间正在进行的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越暖和了。
❸表示逐渐变化的动作，这样的动词有：get，grw，becme，turn，run，g，begin等。
Yu are always changing yur mind.你老是改变主意。
❹与always，cnstantly，frever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观感情色彩。
过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 常用的时间状语有：at six this mrning，the whle mrning，all day yesterday，frm nine t ten last evening等。
I was making a mdal plane at nine yesterday evening.我昨天晚上九点正在制作模型飞机。
过去进行时的另一个主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生，常用于when和 while引导的时间状语从句。
My brther fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
动词的语态
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化(以动词build为例)列表如下：
The windw is dirty. It hasn't been cleaned fr weeks.窗户脏了。已经好几周没擦了。All the emplyees are encuraged t wrk nline at hme.所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。The number f deaths frm heart disease will be reduced greatly if peple eat healthily.如果人们能健康地饮食，那么死于心脏病的人数将大大减少。
二、被动语态的基本用法
不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
This jacket is made f cttn. 这件上衣是棉料的。
为了强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。
Visitrs are requested nt t tuch the exhibits.要求参观者不可触摸展品。
用在科技文献或新闻报道中。
Cars f this kind were made in the 1980s.这种小汽车是二十世纪80年代制造的。
三、主动形式表达被动意义
系动词(lk, feel, taste, sund, smell, prve, seem, appear等)＋形容词或名词。
The dish tastes gd. 这菜味道不错。
表示开始、结束、运动的动词(begin, finish, clse, pen, start, stp, shut，mve, run等)。
The stre clses at 6：00 p．m. every day.商店每天下午六点关门。
表示主语的特点或特征的动词(read, write, sell，wash, wear, cut, lck, act, draw, drive, drink, eat, clean等)。
Bks f this kind sell well.这类书很畅销。 The pen writes smthly.这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。做题时还要注意时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。
动名词、动词不定式、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Listening t music makes me relaxed after a busy day.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。T lve and t be lved is the greatest happiness in the wrld.爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。Everything is in a cmplete mess, which drives peple crazy.所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。
主语后跟有with，tgether with，as well as，like，but，except，alng with，rather than，including，in additin t等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
Mr. Smith，tgether with his wife and daughters，is ging t visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。I think Tm，rather than yu is t blame fr the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。
由“kind，type，srt，a quantity f，quantities f”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。
This new type f buses is nw n shw.这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。With mre and mre frests being destryed，a large quantity f gd earth is being washed away each year.＝With mre and mre frests being destryed，quantities f gd earth are being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
“mre than ne/many a＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；each，every，n所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
Mre than ne persn is invlved in this.与此事有牵连的不止一个人。Every by and every girl wishes t attend the party t be held n Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加周日即将举办的聚会。
集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，grup，public，cmmittee，gvernment，audience等。
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
The class cnsists f 25 bys and 20 girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。The class are ding experiments.全班学生都在做实验。
the rest f...，the remaining/part...＋主语，谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数意义而定。
The factry used three fifths f the raw materials，the rest f which were saved fr ther purpses.工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。
分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。
Abut 50% f the land is suitable t grw plants.大约50%的土地适合种植物。Abut 80% f the peple in the city bject t the price f running water ging up.这个城市中大约80%的人反对自来水价格上调。
单复数同形的名词作主语的情况。单复数同形的名词，如means，wrks，sheep，deer，crssrads，series等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据具体情况而定。
There are varius means f cmmunicating with a stranger.同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。
从句作主语的情况。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据从句的意义决定。
That Jack has gne abrad makes us all surprised.杰克出国了，这使我们都很惊讶。What he says and acts d nt agree.他的言行不一致。(指他说的话和他做的事，是复数概念)
由r，，，nt als...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
Either yu r ne f yur students is t attend the meeting that is due tmrrw.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a dg and tw cats at the dr.门口有一条狗和两只猫。
1．Later, engineers ____________________ (manage) t cnstruct railways in a system f deep tunnels (隧道), which became knwn as the Tube.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)2．When fat and salt ____________________ (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)3．Leaving the less imprtant things until tmrrw ____________________ (be) ften acceptable.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)4．Smetimes chpsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chpsticks might ____________________ (make)f gld and silver with Chinese characters.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)5．Cnfucius believed knives wuld remind peple f killings and __________________ (be) t vilent fr use at the table.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)
are remved
6．Mr. Green as well as his children ____________________ (g) t the park every Sunday.7．What her father left her ____________________ (be) nly sme bks.8．My hbby is widespread，which ____________________ (include)drawing，cllecting stamps and s n.9．Nw Prfessr Smith，alng with his assistants， ____________________ (be) wrking n the prject day and night t meet the deadline.10．Between the tw rws f trees ____________________ (stand) the teaching building.
includes
11．I ____________________ (intend)t call n yu，but I had an unexpected visitr.12．The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and their effrts ____________________ (reward) with success in the end.13．This is because tw thirds f the earth's surface ____________________ (be) made up f vast ceans.14．Barbara is easy t recgnize as she's the nly ne f the wmen wh ____________ (wear) evening dress.15．Nt nly I but als Jane and Mary ____________________ (be) tired f having ne examinatin after anther.
had intended
will be rewarded
16．We ____________________ (tell) that ur rms hadn't been reserved fr that week，but fr the week after.17．If it ____________________ (turn) cld again，they'll dive back dwn.But they cme ut again if it is warm.18．It is the mst instructive lecture that I ____________________ (attend) since I came t this schl.19．It ____________________ (rain)when they left the statin.20．In the last few years，China ____________________ (make) great achievements in envirnmental prtectin.
have attended
was raining
has made
1．I had grwn nt nly physically，but als mentally in the past few years.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)2．Abut ne mnth after this pht was tk, I entered my secnd year f high schl and became a new member f the schl music club.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)3．Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality il are using fr cking.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) 4．A wman saw him crying and telling him t wait utside a shp.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)5．Every means have been cnsidered but nne is prper.
6．Whether the temple shuld be pulled dwn have caused a heated discussin. 7．Tm as well as tw f his friends were invited t the party yesterday. 8．One day I saw an advertisement in a lcal newspaper. I ring up the cmpany，and I was given the jb immediately. 9．The answer sheet must cut frm the newspaper and sent t China Daily befre the deadline. 10．In the past tw and a half years，ur schl had rganized many activities.
1．早睡早起是一个好习惯。2．我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。3．到目前为止，不止一名学生已经被录取到这家俱乐部。4．电话铃响时我正好要上床睡觉。
T g t bed early and t rise early is a gd habit.
When I gt t the tp f the muntain，the sun was shining.
Mre than ne student has been admitted t the club s far.
I was abut t g t bed when the phne rang.
5．那是他第三次告诉我要注意书写。6．在过去十年里，我们的城市里盖起了许多高楼大厦。7．即使明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。8．到现在为止，两条铁路的建筑工作已完成。
It was the third time that he had tld me t pay attentin t my handwriting.
In the past ten years，many tall buildings have been built in ur city.
We wn't change ur plan even if it rains tmrrw.
The cnstructin f the tw new railway lines has been cmpleted by nw.
Our sense f hearing is ne f the mst imprtant means f knwing what is ging n arund us. We 1.________ (warn) f danger by sunds. The sunds f music please us. Sund has a waste prduct，t—nise. Scientists，fr several years，have been studying hw nise affects peple and animals and are alarmed by what they 2.________ (learn)．Peace and quiet are becming harder 3.________ (find)．Nise pllutin is a threat that shuld be lked at 4.________ (careful)．
are warned
have learned
The ludness f sund is measured in units 5.________ (call) decibels (分贝)．At a level f 140 decibels peple feel pain in their ears. Trucks，buses，mtrcycles，airplanes，bats，factries—all these 6.________ (thing) make nise. They truble nt nly ur ears，but minds and bdies as well. There is a(n) 7.________ (say) that it is s nisy that yu can't hear yurself think. Dctrs 8.________ study nise believe that we must smetimes hear urselves think. If we dn't，we may have headaches，ther aches and pains，r even 9.________ (bad) mental prblems. Nise adds mre tensin t a sciety that has already faced enugh stress. We can't return 10.________ the “gd ld days” f peace and quiet. But we can reduce nise—if we shut ludly enugh abut it.
Last Sunday，we went t the amusement park near ur hme t celebrating my brther's birthday. The traffic was s bad that it tk us nearly tw hur t get there. The park was s crwding that we culd n hardly mve. My brther wanted t g n the rller caster，s we jined the queue and wait fr ur turn. By the time we gt t the frnt f the queue，my sister said she was t afraid t g n the ride，and even my brther was lked a bit nervus. Just then a man annunced that there were a technical prblem and the ride was clse. With sigh f relief，we went t get smething t eat，played sme ther games，and then went hme.
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