人教版新目标高一必修一教案：定语从句

这是一份人教版 (新课标)必修1&2必修1本册综合教案设计，共21页。教案主要包含了2009江西，2010天津，2011陕西，2011福建，2012江西，2013山东，2010全国2，2010浙江等内容，欢迎下载使用。

定语 从 句

1. 定语从句的概念和位置
在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句。定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词从句。（在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句）。
e.g.: Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage?
This is the museum which was built last year.



2. 如何判断分析定语从句


3先行词和关系代词
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，指代先行词，放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语等）；

e.g.: The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.
先行词 关系代词（在从句中做主语）
The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.
先行词 关系代词（做主语）
关系代词=连接词+代词





定语从句的构成：
He has a car. + The car has 7 seats.
== He has a car and it has 7 seats.
== He has a car which has 7 seats.


=>We met a man and he directed us to the factory.
=>We met a man who directed us to the factory.、

4.关系代词引导的定语从句

出题点：A 指代人的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法；
B 指代物的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法。
关系代词在句子中起连接、替代的作用，在句子中充当一定的成分，修饰前面的先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，主要用法如下表格：
先行词
主语
宾语
所有格
人
Who/that
Whom/that
Whose
事物
Which/that
Which/that
Whose
人+事物
that
that

关系代词与普通代词的区别：
普通代词只起替代作用。
关系代词替代先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的成分，同时把先行词与定语从句联系在一起，起连词的作用。
i. That引导的定语从句
That 可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若介词提到前面，指物用which指人用whom
e.g.: Views that are entirely new may also be hard to accept.
We need a person that is right for the job.
The picture (that) we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.
ii. Which引导的定语从句
Which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。作宾语的关系代词which可以省略（放介词后除外）：
e.g.: The river which runs through the center of the city was polluted seriously.
The story (which) he told was very popular.
The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
iii. Who，whom引导的定语从句
二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略（介词后作宾语的关系代词除外）
e.g.: ---We are proud of Mo Yan.
---Yes. He is a great writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012.
e.g.: Her sister married a man (who/whom) she met on a plane.
注意：先行词为one, ones, anyone 或those 时，定语从句中的关系代词用who
e.g.: God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助之。
重点提醒: whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who代替：e.g.: The person to who you just talked is Deep.(错误)
应该为to whom
或者可以这样表达：The person who/whom you just talked to is Deep. （正确）
iv．Whose引导的定语从句
Whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。
e.g.: Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent?
I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
重点提升：有时“whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+of which/whom”或者“of which/whom+限定词+名词”来替代。
e.g.: He lives in a house whose windows face south.
=== He lives in a house whose windows face south.
=== He lives in a house the windows of which face south.
另：whose+名词引导定语从句时，名词前不能再接限定词，只有转换为“限定词+名词+of which/whom”或“of which/whom+限定词+名词”时，名词前面可以有限定词。

5.关系副词引导的定语从句
出题点：关系副词when，where，why的用法
关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。选择哪一个关系副词要看其前面的先行词。
关系副词
先行词
在从句中充当的成分
Where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
When
表示时间的名词
时间状语
Why
Reason
原因状语

e.g. I remember the day. + We first met then.
== I remember the day when we first met.
关系副词作时间状语，相当于on which
（1） when引导定语从句
when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time，day，week等表示时间的名词。此时时常可用on which，in which，during which等替代。
e.g.: April the first is the day when people make fun of others.
I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.
注意：当表示时间的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用when。
（2） where引导的定语从句
where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。它的先行词常为place，house，country等表示地点的名词。此时常可以用in which，at which等替代。
e.g.: Last year my parents went to the farm where they worked 30years ago.
先行词 关系副词作地点状语，相当于in which
Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily.
先行词 关系副词作地点状语，相当于at which
（3） why引导的定语从句
why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，它的先行词通常为reason，此时常可以用for which来代替。
e.g.: I know the reason why she left you.
先行词 关系副词作原因状语
Please tell me the reason why she is crying so badly.
注意：先行词是the reason，关系副词why在定语从句中充当原因状语。但是当先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用why，要用that或which引导。

3. 定语从句中的注意事项
出题点：A. 只用that不用which的情况
B．只用which不用that的情况
C．定语从句中的主谓一致
D．“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择
（1） 只用that不用which的情况；
A． 先行词时不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时
先行词是anything，everything，nothing，few，all, none, little, some等，或者由every， any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代词修饰时，关系代词用that不用which。
e.g.: Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
Any man that doesn’t have a sense of duty can’t do the thing well.
B. 先行词时序数词或者形容词最高级或者被其修饰时
e.g.: The first thing that my brother is going to do this afternoon is to study physics.
I have found the best way that could finish the test.
C. 先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时
e.g.: He was watching the children and parcels that filled with the car.
Jack took photographs of the things and people that he was interested in.
D. 当主句是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时
e.g.: Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
Which is the bike that you lost?
E. 先行词前有the only，the very等修饰时
e.g.: This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
After the fire, the old car was the only thing that he owned.
注意：
当主语是以here，there开头且先行词是指物的名词时，用that而不用which引导。
e.g.： Here is the book that you are looking for.
口诀记忆：
只用that的情况：the only，the very，the same，no，any先行词即有人又有物，高级，不定和序数。
（2）只用which不用that的情况
A. 关系代词前有介词且指物时
e.g.: I’m looking for a container in which I can put all these peaches.
A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
B. 先行词本身就是that时
e.g.: I don’t like that which he did.
What is that which is on the ground?
C. 引导非限定性定语从句时
非限定性定语从句的关系代词或关系副词与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。
e.g.: Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
Their house was washed away by the floods, which made them sad.
另：限定性定语从句即我们初中阶段所学的定语从句，定语从句和先行词之间的关系密切，不用逗号隔开，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等，不能去掉。
非限定性定语从句主要起补充说明的作用，往往用逗号与先行词隔开，去掉后不影响主句的意义。
（3）定语从句中的主谓一致
这里指关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式要与先行词一致的问题。先行词时单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数。
e.g.: The man who is playing football is my PE teacher.
I love singers who write their own music.
要点提升：
“One of + 复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；“the only/very/right one of + 复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g.: Tom is one of the students who were awarded.
Tom is the only one of the students who was awarded.

（4）“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择
A. 根据定语从句中的谓语动词判断
一般定语从句的谓语动词如果是及物动词，后面没有宾语时就用关系代词；如果是不及物动词就用关系副词。
e.g.: This is the factory that/which I visited last year.
This is the factory where I used to work.
小贴士：定语从句中究竟用关系代词还是用关系副词，把握好一个原则：弄清楚它在从句中充当什么成分，充当状语，即用关系副词，反之则用关系代词。
B． 根据定语从句中所缺少的成分判断
分析定语从句缺失何种成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语），如果缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语用关系代词；缺少状语用关系副词。
e.g.: Is this the museum (that/which) you visited a few days ago?
Visited 后面缺少宾语
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
Was held后面缺少地点状语
（5） “介词+关系代词”的用法
有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中个关系代词可用which，whose，whose，whom，不可以用that和who。该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子意义来确定。
e.g.: This is the house of which I spoke.
Is this the car for which you paid a high price?
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
注意：介词在定语从句句尾，可以省略作宾语的关系代词，而如果介词在定语从句前面时，不能省略作宾语的关系代词。
重点提醒：有些“动词+介词”，如look for，look after，call on等不可拆开，不可把介词置于关系代词之前。
e.g.: It is the book for which she was looking. (╳)
which she was looking for(√)
the babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy. (╳)
whom the nurses are looking after(√)
小贴士：
“介词+关系代词”结构中，介词的选择可根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。
e.g.: I’ll never forget the time during which (= during the time) I spent my childhood in the country.


定语从句板块精讲

I. 关系词的选择


选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分
含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。
选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。
第9讲 He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.
第10讲 He worked in the factory where his father had worked.
第11讲 I like the school which is near to my home.
第12讲 I like the school where my sister studies.
在句1和句2中，先行词前都有in, 但关系词有用which也有用where的；
在句3和句4中，先行词都是the school, 但关系词有用which也有用where的。
因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。
在句1和句3中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词which；
在句2和句4中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词where。
我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。
选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”
找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词。（参看本章第1讲）
还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以添词）
替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用which/that即可）
例如：
This is the school ______ I once studied.
This is the school ______ is the most famous in the city.
I am studying at a school ______ my father teaches English.

还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：
I once studied at the school.
The school is the most famous in the city.
My father teaches English at the school.
粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。
替换：根据 “对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where, 2.本该用what, 在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。
因此，答案为：1.where；2. that/which；3. where
关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首
【2009江西】The house I grew up ______ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。
利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词
Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. that B. what C. how D. why
Is this the reason ______ he was so careless in his work?
A. that B. what C. how D. why
The reason ______ he didn’t come was ______ he was ill.
A. why; that B. that; why
C. for that; that D. for which; what
He lives in a village ______ is not far from the city.
A. which B. where C. what D. whose
He lives in the village ______ he was born.
A. which B. where
C. what D. whose
In an hour, we travel to places ______ could have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where B. when
C. which D. what
In an hour, we travel to places ______ we can relax and get refreshed.
A. where B. when
C. which D. what
The place ______ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.
A. which B. where
C. what D. in which
The place ______ he had a good time last Sunday was the Children’s Palace.
A. which B. where
C. what D. in where
I’ll never forget the days ______ we studied together.
A. that B. / C. when D. A and B
I’ll never forget the days ______ we spent together.
A. that B. / C. when D. A and B
If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways ______ do not do harm to other living things.
A. in which B. / C. how D. that
Is this the factory ______ color TV sets are produced?
A. when B. the one where
C. that D. in which
Is this factory ______ color TV sets are produced?
A. which B. the one where
C. that D. in which
This is the factory ______ produces color TV sets.
A. where B. the one where
C. that D. in which
【2010天津】—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
—You should try the barber’s ______ I go. It’s only 15.
A. as B. which C. where D. that
【2011陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, ______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A. which B. where C. who D. that
【2011福建】She has a gift for creating an atmos- phere for her students ______ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
【2012江西】By 16:30, ______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A. which B. when C. what D. that
【2013山东】Finally he reached a lonely island ______ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when B. where C. which D. whom




II. 只能用that不能用which的情况


先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything等不定代词时
关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
I. He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.
A. which B. as C. who D. that
II. Is there anything ______ to you?
A. that is belonged B. that belongs
C. that belong D. which belongs
III. 【2010全国2】I refuse to accept the blame for something ______ was someone else’s fault.
A. who B. that C. as D. what
先行词是all, much，little, none或先行词被all, much, little, no, any修饰时
关系词只能用that, 不能用which。
All the people that are present burst into tears.
IV. These people once had fame and fortune; now ______ is left to them is utter poverty.
A. all that B. all what
C. all which D. that all
V. There is not much ______ can be done.
A. that B. which
C. what D. how
VI. 【2010浙江】______ that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.
A. One B. All
C. Everything D. Anything
VII. There is no difficulty ______ can’t be overcome in the world.
A. that B. which
C. who D. what
VIII. All the apples ______ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A. that B. those
C. which D. what
IX. You can take any seat ______ is free.
A. that B. / C. which D. it
先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the first, the last, the very, the only, the same修饰时
被这类词修饰时，关系代词常用that，不用which。
X. The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.
A. which; that B. that; which
C. which; which D. that; that
XI. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it
C. which D. who
XII. The TV play I watched last night is the best one ______ I have watched this year.
A. which B. what
C. whose D. that
XIII. This is the very film ______ I’ve long wished to see.
A. which B. that
C. who D. whom
XIV. I like the second football match ______ was held last week.
A. which B. who
C. that D. /
XV. This is the last time ______ I shall come here to help you.
A. that B. which
C. when D. what
XVI. It’s the third time ______ late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived
C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that
XVII. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist ______ were in the concert we attended last night.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
XVIII. Both the girl and her dog ______ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.
A. which B. who C. they D. that
XIX. All the passengers and suitcases ______ were still waiting on the broken down bus had to be transferred to another long distance bus.
A. they B. who C. which D. that
XX. He talked a lot about things and persons ______ they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
注意：关系副词不受这些规则的影响
只是在选用关系代词时才使用这些规则。如：
XXI. 【2010福建】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has developed gradually.
A. that B. where C. which D. whose
XXII. This is the same house ______ her grandfather was born.
A. that B. where C. which D. whose


III. 其他有关关系词选择的规则


关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，不用that；要用whom，不用who
第1章 【2011湖南】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of ______ she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
第2章 【2008湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, ______ are beyond our control.
A. most of them B. most of which
C. most of what D. most of that
第3章 This is the museum ______ we saw an exhibition the other day.
A. that B. which C. where D. in that
第4章 【2009全国I】She brought with her three friends, none of ______ I had ever met before.
A. them B. who C. whom D. these
第5章 【2010浙江】The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ______ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A. whom B. which C. them D. those
第6章 【2012上海】Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from ______ you received gifts?
A. which B. them C. that D. whom
引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which, who, whom, 不用that，也不能省略
第7章 【2008浙江】Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.
A. whom B. where C. that D. which
第8章 【2010全国1】As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ______ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
第9章 【2012全国Ⅱ】That evening, ______ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
当先行词前面有which，who等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用关系代词that
同理，当先行词是that, those时，常用关系代词which或who。如：
What’s that which is under the desk？
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
第10章 Who is the person ______ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
第11章 Who ______ has common sense will do such a thing?
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
第12章 Those ______ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn
关系代词在从句中作表语或there be结构中的实意主语时, that可指人或物，且通常省略
(概括为：在从句中位于be后。此条仅作了解)
He still talks like the man （that） he was ten years ago.
他谈起话来仍像十年前一样。
The train is the fastest train （that） there has ever been.
这列火车是有史以来最快的火车。
My typewriter is not the machine (that) it was.
我的打字机已不是过去的机器了。
第13章 She was no longer the woman ______ she was.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
第14章 She is no longer the sweet girl ______ she used to be.
A. what B. who C. when D. that
当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)时，关系代词常用who
Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。
All who heard the story were amazed.所有听到这个故事的人都很惊讶。



IV. whose可指人也可指物


whose 作关系代词可以指人也可指物，用作定语。
若指物，它还可以同of which互换; 若指人，则不可与of whom互换
He lives in a house. Its window faces south.
→He lives in a house whose window faces south.
He lives in a house. The window of it faces south.
→He lives in a house, the window of which faces south.
→He lives in a house, of which the window faces south.
He is the farmer. His son is studying in Qinghua University.
由于我们一般说his son，不说the son of him; 说my book, 不说the book of me, 因此我们只能说:
He is the farmer whose son is studying in Qinghua University.
而不能说：He is the farmer, the son of whom is studying in Qinghua University.
名词前有冠词the时用of which, 名词前没有冠词时用whose
① I saw some trees ______ the leaves were black with disease.
A. where B. of which C. in which D. whose

② 【2010陕西】The old temple, ______ roof was damaged in storm, is now under repair.
A. where B. which
C. its D. whose
③ 【2011全国I】The prize will go to the writer ______ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what
④ 【2008陕西】The man pulled out a gold watch, ______ were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of D. the hands of which
⑤ 【2009安徽】Many children, ______ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.
A. their B. whose
C. of them D. with whom
⑥ 【2012天津】 I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose
C. whom D. which
⑦ 【2013福建】The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives were affected.
A. whose B. that
C. who D. which


V. as, but, than用作关系代词


XXIII. as引导限制性定语从句
例题：I had never heard such an interesting story ______ you told me yesterday.
A. that B. which C. as D. that/which
有些同学可能选择D，这说明有关定语从句的基本知识学得不错，但知识还是有漏洞。
要记住：
如果先行词被such, the same, so+形容词+a/an，as+形容词+a/an修饰时，这时关系词我们要用as。
此时，as同that, who, which, whom一样，是关系代词，代指the same, so, such和as引导的短语，常译作“正如，像”，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语和表语。
在限制性定语从句中要用关系代词as的，常见的有以下四种情况：
先行词被such修饰时，构成“such…as…”。
It’s such a heavy stone as nobody can move.
（as作宾语）那是一块重得没人能移得动的石头。
Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face.
(as作主语) 不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。
先行词被the same修饰时，构成“the same…as…”。
We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have. (as作宾语)
我们已得出和他们同样的结论。
This is the same watch as I lost. (as作宾语)
这与我丢的那块表一样。
在 “as…as…” 句型中，第一个as后面跟名词时。
它可以看作是 “as+形容词+as” 的一种变化形式。
He is as good as his brother. 他和他弟弟一样好。
这句话还可以表达为：
He is as good a boy as his brother.
It’s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. (as作宾语)
这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。

在“so+形+冠+n. + as”句型中 (He is so good a student as every teacher likes.)
它可以看作是先行词被such修饰时关系代词用as（第一种情况）的一种变化形式。
He is such a good student as every teacher likes.
他是一个每个老师都喜欢的这样一个好学生。
用so可以表达为：
He is so good a student as every teacher likes.
（参看P.25考点3）
XXIV. the same…as与the same…that
the same…as指同一类，the same…that指同一个。
I bought the same car as yours.
我买的那辆汽车和你的一模一样。
This is the same bag (the very bag) that I lost yesterday.
这就是我昨天丢失的那个包。
That is the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday.
那就是前天来求助的同一个人。
XXV. such…as 和such….that的区别（该用定语从句还是用结果状语从句）
such…as “像……样的”，as引导的是定语从句, as作句子成分；
such…that“如此……以至于”，that引导的是结果状语从句, that不作句子成分。
判断办法：
如果后面成分完整，用that来引导结果状语从句；
如果后面句子成分不完整，则用as来引导定语从句。
It was so difficult a problem ______ no one worked it out.
（成分完整，结果状语从句, 填that）译为：
这道题如此难以至于没有人算得出来。
It was so difficult a problem ______ no one worked out.
（成分不完整，定语从句, 填as）译为：
这是一道没有人能算出来的难题。
练习
He is such a lazy man ______ nobody wants to work with ______.
A. as; him B. that; /
C. as; / D. whom; him
It wasn’t such a good present ______ he had promised me.
A. that B. as C. which D. what
These houses are sold at such a low price ______ people expected.
A. like B. as C. that D. which
He isn’t such a man ______ he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as
He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that B. which C. who D. as
We should read such books ______ will make us better and wiser.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
This is such a heavy box ______ I can’t move it.
A. as B. that
C. which D. whose
Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language.
A. as B. that C. which D. where
Last term our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem ______ none of us worked out.
A. as B. that C. which D. whose
The man showed us so heavy a stone ______ no one can lift.
A. that B. as C. which D and
I received ______ nice a gift ______ my mother promised.
A. the same; as B. as; as
C. such; as D. the same; that
I want to use the same tools ______ used in your factory a few days ago.
A. as was B. which was
C. as were D. which
I have bought the same dress ______ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
I found the book just ______ I borrowed yesterday so I got it back at once.
A. the same that B. the same as
C. such as D. such that
Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ______ he lost last week.
A. which B. that C. whom D. as
XXVI. but用作关系代词（选学内容）
but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含“否定”的意思，其作用相当于“that ／which ／who．．．not”。它前面的主句通常有“否定”的词（如：no，not， little，few，hardly等）。(为了快速培养语感，也可把but意译为“除了”)。
第15章 There is no mother but loves her own children.
（＝There is no mother that／who does not love her own children. ）没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。
第16章 There is no man but feels pity for the starving children.
没有人不为这些饥饿的孩子感到同情。
第17章 There are very few but admire his talents.（but = who don’t）很少有人不赞赏他的才干。
第18章 There is no rule but has exception.
凡规则都有例外。
XXVII. than用作关系代词 （选学内容）
than在定语从句中作关系代词，在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语，但仍以充当主语为多。在定语从句中，它与关系代词that所起的语法作用是差不多的，只是在翻译或解释时，要比that多一层比较的意味。另外，由than含有比较意味可知，该类定语从句的先行词前通常要有形容词的比较级形式。如：
⑧ You make more money than is intended to make.(主语)你挣得的钱比预计的要多。
⑨ There were more casualties than was reported.
伤亡人数比报道的要多。
⑩ Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens.
报纸和其他媒体做的不仅仅是记录发生的事情。






VI. 关系副词


I. 关系副词在定语从句中作状语
第1讲 【2008北京】I’ll give you my friend’s home address,
______ I can be reached most evenings.
A. which B. when C. whom D. where
第2讲 【2008安徽】All the neighbors admire this family, ______ the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A. why B. where C. which D. that
第3讲 【2009重庆】Life is like a long race ______ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what C. that D. where
第4讲 【2012重庆】Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales ability.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
第5讲 【2012浙江】We live in an age ______ more information is available with great ease than ever before.
A. why B. when
C. to whom D. on which
第6讲 【2013四川】Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ______ they live.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
II. the way作先行词
首先要确定the way在定语从句中作什么成分。如果the way在定语从句中作主语或宾语，要选用关系代词。如：
a) I don’t like the way ______ will cost too much money.
b) The way ______ he thought of to solve the problem was not practical.
在句1中，the way在定语从句中作主语，因此要填关系代词that/which。
在句2中，the way在定语从句中作宾语，因此也要用关系代词：that/which/省略。
如果the way在定语从句中作状语(定语从句还原后是in the way)，关系词用下面三种情况的任一种：
①in which；②that；③省略。
The way ______ he answered the question was surprising.
A. how B. that
C. in which D. / E. B/C/D
定语从句恢复为完整的一句话后为：He answered the question in the way.
in the way在定语从句中作状语，因此选E。
第7讲 The way ______ he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D./
第8讲 That is not the way ______ I do it.
A. / B. which
C. for which D. with which
第9讲 This is the only way ______ you can find.
A. that B. / C. in which
D. A, B and C E. A and B
第10讲 I don’t like the way ______ he spoke to his mother.
A. that B. /
C. in which D. A, B and C
III. situation, case, point, business等作先行词
第11讲 【2007江西】After graduation she reached a point in her career ______ she needed to decide what to do.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
第12讲 【2009浙江】I have reached a point in my life______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which B. where C. how D. why
第13讲 【2003上海】I can think of many cases ______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
第14讲 【2008江西】Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ______ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.
A. where B. when C. who D. which
第15讲 【2004湖南】I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
第16讲 【2009福建】It’s helpful to put children in a situation
______ they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when
C. which D. where
第17讲 In experiments ______ young teens are allowed to sleep as long as they want, they tend to sleep an average of hours.
A. that B. which
C. where D. when
IV. occasion(时机)作先行词时关系副词用when
It was a rare -indeed unique occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right.
V. when引导非限制性定语从句
第18讲 It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ______ for the first time in years their team won the world cup.
A. that B. while
C. which D. when
第19讲 The rainbow can’t be seen at noon, ______ the sun is high in the sky.
A. while B. when C. so D. that
第20讲 Christmas is the only time of the year, ______ men and women open their hearts freely and think of other people.
A. while B. when C. so D. that
第21讲 We played in the garden till sunset, ______ it began to rain.
A. when B. after C. while D. then




VII. 关系词的省略(仅供了解)


关系代词的省略
关系代词作宾语时的省略
当关系代词在非限制性定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词宾语，且关系代词不直接位于介词后面时，可以省略。如：
Is there anything (that) you want?
想要什么东西吗?
Who is the man (that, who, whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?
但是，如果是直接用于介词后作宾语或位于非限制性定语从句中，则不可省略。如：
This is the room in which I live.
这是我住的那间房间。
He met Mary at the party, whom he married a week later.
关系代词在从句中作表语或there be结构中作实意主语时
用关系代词that, that可指人或物，且常省略。如：
China is not the country (that) it was in the old times. 中国已不是旧时代的中国了。
The old man is not the man (that) he was. 这个老人已不是以前那个样子了。
The wisdom she gave me has helped shape the person I am today.
她给我的智慧把我塑造成现在的样子。
This is the fastest computer （that） there has ever been.这是有史以来运算最快的计算机。
关系副词的省略
关系副词when的省略
用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但若用于day, year, time, the moment等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：
That was the year (that) I first went abroad.
就是那一年我第一次出国了。
I’ll never forget the day (that) we met.
我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。
By the time (when) he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by himself.
到14岁时，爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学。
Do you still remember the day (when) we first met?
你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？
关系副词where的省略
用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但若用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere等几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：
This is (答疑qq 329950885)the place (where) we met for the first time.
这是我们第一次见面的地方。
Do you have anywhere (that) I can lie down for an hour?
你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时？
关系副词why的省略
关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省略。如：
That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came.
这就是他来的原因。
Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。



VIII. 介词＋关系代词


关系代词直接跟在介词后时，只可用whom或 which, 不可用who, that
(参看P. 94)
from where为“介词＋关系副词”结构，可以引导定语从句
如： We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.

1. China is the birthplace of kites, ______ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
A. from that B. from where
C. from there D. from here
像look after, look for等固定短语动词
在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
2. This is the baby ______ tomorrow.
A. after whom I shall look
B. whom I shall look after
C. whose I shall look after
D. after whom I shall look after
部分与整体用of
some of us, many of them
3. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, ______ up to half will be from overseas.
A. in which B. for which
C. with which D. of whom
4. There are many books on science, ______ this is one example.
A. which B. from which
C. of which D. into which
5. 【2008四川】For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ______ New York is an example.
A. for which B. in which
C. of which D. from which
6. 【2012四川】In our class there are 46 students, ______ half wear glasses.
A. in whom B. in them
C. of whom D. of them
介词的选择：看前看后看意思
看与先行词的搭配
7. The bicycle ______ he often rides needs repairing.
A. on which B. in which
C. by which D. with which
8. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled on purpose.
A. with which B. to which
C. of which D. for which
9. 【2012全国Ⅱ】100℃ is the temperature ______ which water will boil.
A. for B. at C. on D. of
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
11. 【2008上海】We went through a period ______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
A. which B. whose
C. in which D. with which
12. 【2012湖南】Care of the soul is a gradual process
______ even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what B. in what C. which D. in which
看谓语的搭配
13. The two things ______ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.
A. about which B. of which
C. in which D. for which
14. Henry set up a club for football fans, ______ he invited all his friends.
A. for whom B. to whom
C. to which D. from which
15. 【2010上海】Wind power is an ancient source of energy ______ we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which
C. to which D. from which
16. Is this just the city ______ the foreign guests wish to pay a visit ______.
A. which; in B. to which; /
C. that; to D. to that; /
17. He is a man of great experience, ______ much can be learned.
A. who B. that
C. from which D. from whom
18. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A. whom B. who
C. to whom D. form whom
19. The pen ______ he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which
C. on which D. by which
20. Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______ Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that
C. in which D. what
21. 【2009陕西】Gun control is a subject ______ Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which B. with which
C. about which D. into which
根据句子意思
22. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ______ he could see ______ was going on inside the house.
A. which; what B. through which; what
C. through that; what D. what; that
23. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ______ many people have gone home.
A. whose time B. that
C. on which D. by which time
24. 【2008上海春】Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, ______ there won’t be much work.
A. where B. that
C. by which D. without which
25. 【2008福建】By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ______ appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A. of which B. on which
C. from which D. above which



IX. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句


限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式上
不用逗号和主句隔开
用逗号和主句隔开
意义上
是先行词不可缺少的定语，起“指定是哪一个”的作用，去掉后句意不完整
是对先行词的补充说明，删除后句子意思仍完整
译法上
翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”
通常翻译成主句的并列句
关系词的使用上
A. 作宾语时可省略; B.可用that; C. 可用who代替whom；D.可用why
A. 不可省; B. 不用that; C. 不用who代替whom; D. why要换为for which


限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，与先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。如：
a) This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
b) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
c) I lost my money that day, for which I had to walk home.(非限制性，for which不能换为why)
d) He met with a pretty girl in the park, whom he fell in love at first sight. (非限制性，whom不能换为who)
当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我的房子，去年买的，带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
练习
翻译下列句子，注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意思上的区别。
He has a brother who is a physicist.
He has a brother, who is a physicist.
He returned all the books which are written in English.
He returned all the books, which are written in English.
The man who lives next door is a doctor.
My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor.
A student who studies hard will make good progress.
The student, who lives far from school, is the captain of their football team.
as, which引导的非限制性定语从句
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、(答疑qq 329950885)中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
as引导非限制性定语从句，常带有“正如”。当从句为否定时不能用as。
as, which 可指代整个主句，也可指代主句的一部分。
非限制性定语从句将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
as is often the case是常用说法，意为“像往常那样；正如经常发生的那样”。
He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ______ was unexpected.
A. which B. as C. that D. it
【2010四川】After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling, ______ turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
Eric received training in computer for one year, ______ he found a job in a big company.
A. after that B. after which
C. after it D. after this
You were very impolite to him, for ______ you should make an apology to him, I think.
A. this B. which C. what D. that
【2011北京】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______, of course, made all the others upset.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
【2009全国II】 My friend showed me round the town, ______ was very kind of him.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
【2012北京】When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【2013安徽】Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ______ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.
A. it B. that C. what D. which
【2012福建】The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A. that B. it C. as D. what
______ might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.
A. As B. That C. It D. What
【2013山东】There is no simple answer, ______ is often the case in science.
A. as B. that C. when D. where
【2013陕西】______ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It B. That C. What D. As
The Beatles, ______ many of you are told enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A. what B. that C. how D. as






X. 同位语从句和定语从句


例题：
He told me the news this morning ______ his father had come back.
A. which B. that C. which or that
答案是B。那么A为什么不可以呢？
要弄明白这个问题，就要搞清楚定语从句和同位语从句的区别。
同位语从句和定语从句很相似，但还是有区别的，区别主要在以下三方面：
1. 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。如:
We are now looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.
我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。（同位语从句）
Word came that he had been abroad.
据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.
我们队赢了,这让我们很高兴。（定语从句）
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.
你找的那位医生在房间里面。（定语从句）
2. 从性质上区别
定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用，功能上相当于形容词；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，是名词的具体内容，属于名词性从句的范畴。如:
The news that our team has won the game was true.
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
（同位语从句，说明news到底是一个什么消息）
The news that he told me yesterday was true.
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
（定语从句, 指他告诉我的消息）
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.
我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。
（同位语从句,补充说明promise的内容）
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.
妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。
（定语从句, promise在从句中作pleased的主语）
3. 引导词上的区别
引导词that
引导词that引导定语从句时，作从句的一个成分，有时可用which替换，作宾语时常常省略；而that在同(答疑qq 329950885)位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。
例：判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。
The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.
我们应派几个人去帮别的小组的命令昨天收到了。
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.
我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。
解析：
①是同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成分，不能换为which, 也不能省略。
②是定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以换为which，也可以省略。
how, whether, what虽不能引导定语从句，却可引导同位语从句
who, whose, whom, which, when, where, why除引导定语从句外，也可引导同位语从句。（参看P. 107第1讲）
定语从句的引导词在意思上反映的是先行词的意思，而同位语从句的引导词在意思上和前面的词没有联系。
The reason that he gave for his coming late was not true.
The reason that his alarm clock was broken was not true.
在①中，that的意思是reason, 在定语从句中作give的宾语。在②句中，that只起连接作用，不含有the reason的意思。
The suggestion where he stressed the importance of exercising was very practical.
The suggestion where we should exercise regularly is very practical.
在句③中，where意为“在这个建议中（in the suggestion）”，反映的是先行词的意思；在句④中，where指的是锻炼身体的地方，和the suggestion没有联系。
在定语从句中，关系副词可以换为“介词+关系代词”，而引导同位语从句的连接副词却不能换为“介词+连接代词”的形式。
在上面的句③中，where可以换为in which；在句④中，where不能换为in which。
例：判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。
That question whether we need it has not been considered.
I have no idea what has happened to him.
I haven’t answered the question how I will deal with it.
The school where Bob studies is in the middle of the city.
The decision when we should get started hasn’t been made.
解析：
①、②、③是同位语从句，它们是在说明前面词的内容, whether, what和how不能引导定语从句。
④是定语从句，where反映的是先行词的意思，可以换为in which。
⑤是同位语从句。从句是在说明decision的内容。when并没有反映the decision的意思。when也不能改为 at which time。
练习
【2004上海春】Along with the letter was his promise ______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
You can depend on whatever promise ______ he makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose
The news ______ he has been elected president of the United States is true.
A. that B which C. what D. where
The news ______ you told me yesterday is true.
A. that B when C. what D. where
【2006重庆】Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ______ he had to meet his uncle at the air port.
A. why B. that C. where D. because
Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. that B. what C. how D. why
Galileo collected the facts ______ proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.
A. that B. which C. / D. A and B
Galileo discovered the fact ______ the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.
A. that B. which C. / D. A and B
【2006安徽】A warm thought suddenly came to me ______ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A. if B. when C. that D. which
【2012上海】There is much truth in the idea ______ kindness is usually served by frankness.
A. why B. which C. that D. whether




XI. 定语从句与易混句型


知识准备：简单句、并列句和复合句
（参看P. 63考点5）
定语从句与同位语从句
（参看P. 102第11讲）
定语从句与地点状语从句
例题：
Rice doesn’t grow well ______ there is not enough water. A. where B. in which
有的同学认为两个答案都对，解释说where可以换为in which。
而正确答案只能是A，因为在这里where引导的是地点状语(答疑qq 329950885)从句而不是定语从句。在定语从句中关系副词where可以换为“介词＋关系代词”，而在状语从句中则不能这样换。
辨别方法：定语从句有先行词而状语从句没有先行词。试比较：
I still remember the farm ______ my parents worked ten years ago. A. where B. on which
本题A，B两个答案都行，因为本句where引导的是定语从句，先行词是the farm。
第13讲 Go and get your coat. It’s ______ you left it.
A. there B. where
C. there where D. where there
第14讲 When you read the book, you’d better make a mark ______ you have any questions.
A. at which B. at where
C. the place D. where
第15讲 The house stood ______ there had been a rock.
A. which B. at which
C. when D. where
第16讲 【2006四川】—Mom, what did your doctor say?
—He advised me to live ______ the air is fresher. 
A. in where B. in which
C. the place where D. where 
第17讲 【2006天津】If you are traveling ______ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. 
A. in which B. what
C. when D. where 
定语从句与结果状语从句
这里主要指such．．．as／that （参看P. 96考点3）
定语从句与并列句
例：A. them B. they C. whom
a) He has three daughters, none of ______ is an engineer.
b) He has three daughters, but none of ______ is a dancer.
c) He has three daughters; ______ are doctors.
并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或分号连接，这时就不必再用关系词了；而定语从句中，关系词起着连接作用，不必要再用and, but，so等连词。
（参看“两个主谓结构时”P.63考点5）
答案：① C ② A ③ B
第18讲 【2013浙江】The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
A. all of what B. all of which
C. all of them D. all of whom
第19讲 I have five friends, but none of ______ are business- men.
A. that B. whom C. they D. them
第20讲 I have five friends, ______ are businessmen.
A. that B. who C. they D. them
第21讲 【2012山东】Maria has written two novels, both of ______ have been made into television series.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
第22讲 _____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. What D. That
第23讲 ______ is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. What D. That
第24讲 ______ talks between the two countries are making progress is reported in the newspaper.
A. It B. As C. What D. That
第25讲 ____ is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. What D. That
第26讲 The young mother saw her baby fall to the ground, ______ brought her heart to her mouth.
A. it B. and that C. and which D. that
第27讲 He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ______ his father expected.
A. that was what B. what was that
C. and which was D. which was what
第28讲 They believed that the spirits are with the body of the dead person for three days; ______ there is always someone to stay with the dead person.
A. during this time B. during which time
C. during which D. during when
定语从句与独立主格结构
有关系词引导的定义从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语，且不需要连接词。

定语从句与强调句型
看下面两个题：
It was on the National Day ______ she met with her separated sister.
A. that B. where C. when D. which
（选C可以吗？为什么？）
—When did you get to know him?
—It was on the morning of May 1st ______ I was playing in the park.
A. that B. when C. where D. which
（选A可以吗？为什么？）
在①中，如果选C，把后面看作定语从句，语法上也说得过去，“是在她遇到与她分别的妹妹的那个国庆节”，但什么是在这个国庆节？语义不完整。如果把when she met with her separated sister看作时间状语，把it看作表示时间，这样怎样？还是不行！需要把on去掉才行！（参看P. 117 0）因此要选A，她遇到她分别的妹妹是在国庆节。这样语义就完整了。我们可以看出：
该用强调句型的如果用定语从句，语义不完整。
在②中，如果选A的话，则译为“我在公园玩是在五一的上午（而不是别的时间）”。这样，就是所答非所问了。选B的话，译为“是在我在公园玩的那个五一的上午”。因此答案为B。这时可以看作句子后面省略了that I got to know him。我们可以看出：
该用定语从句的，如果用按强调句型去理解，所答非所问。
第29讲 【2008全国II】It was in New Zealand ______ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.
A. that B. how C. which D. when
第30讲 It was on the National Day ______ she met with her separated sister.
A. that B. where C. when D. which
第31讲 It was evening ______ we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that B. until C. since D. before
第32讲 It is our parents ______ we depend on when we are in trouble.
A. who B. whom C. that D. /
第33讲 【2007 山东】—Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm ______ we worked.
A. that B. there C. which D. where



as 引导的限制性定语从句
A such ….as 和 the same…as 的用法
such ….as： 像….一样的，像…..之类；
the same…as： 和…..同样的
在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，such和same 作定语，修饰主语里的某个名词（或代词），这个名词是由as引导的定语从句的先行词，as在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。
Eg： We have found such materials as are used in their factory.( 在从句中作主语)
I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work out.（在从句中作宾语）
The result is not the same as they had expected.( 在从句中作宾语)
² 重点比较
the same …as…和 the same …that…
the same…as…:和…..相同（代指同类事物）；
the same …that…：和….相同（代指同一事物）
两者都引导定语从句。as 从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。that从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一个。
Eg：He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.
He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.
This is the same pen that I lost. =This is the pen that I lost.(指同一支笔)
This is the same (kind/type/sort) of pen as I lost.（指同类型的笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支）
B ….such as …的用法
….such as …中的such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as 在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词such。
Eg： This book is not such as I expect.
He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.
I have not many, but I will send you such as I have.
相关链接：
such as 还有“诸如，例如，像…那样的”的意思，此时后面跟名词或名词短语等。
Eg：They bought a lot of fruit, such as apples,oranges,etc.

n as 引导的非限制性定语从句
as 可以像which一样引导非限制性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as 在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。此外，有些as 引导的定语从句已成为固定用法，如：
As we know As has been said before 如上所述
As is known to all As is often the case 像通常那样
As is reported As was expected 正如预料的那样
Eg： She is very careful, as her work shows.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
² 重点比较
as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和区别
Ø as 和which 都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句置于主句之后时，as和which可以和互换。
Eg：He didn’t tell me any news, as/which upset me.
Ø Which引导的从句，代表的前面的整个主句时，不能放在主句之前。而as 引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时，可以放在主句之前或之后，有时也可以放在主语和谓语之间。
Eg：As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
= Talks between the two countries, as is reported in the newspapers, are making progress.
as与that的区别
As 引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的内容相似，即指同类事物；that 引导定语从句表示的内容与主句相同，即为同一事物。
e.g. This is the same pen that I lost yesterday .这正是我昨天丢的钢笔。
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday .这正像我昨天丢的钢笔。
（九）.同位语从句与定语从句区别：
1. 同位语从句和定语从句结构相似，通常位于某一名词或代词之后，但两者存在明显区别：同为语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明，是该名词性成分具体内容的体现（相当于名词的作用）。That 引导的同位语从句中引导词that不在该同位语从句中充当成分，但不能被省略，同位语从句还可以用whether,how等连词引导（定语从句则不能）。定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰，说明先行词的性质或特征（相当于一个形容词的作用），定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当成分（that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，充当定语从句的宾语，that可以省略）注意体会一下三组例句.
（1） 第一组
① We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light .我们解决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。
② I can’t remember the problem that they have.我记不得他们的问题了。
（2） 第二组
① I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.我不愿相信他对他母亲撒谎的事实
② I won’t believe the fact (that) he told me .我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。
（3） 第三组
① The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。
② The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆来年将出国。