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2020-2021学年山西省运城市高三（上）期中英语试卷人教版
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这是一份2020-2021学年山西省运城市高三（上）期中英语试卷人教版，共9页。试卷主要包含了 n改为in， hw改为what， was改为is等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. Bringing Gds int the UK
Yu are allwed t bring sme gds fr persnal use withut paying tax r duty.
Arrivals frm EU cuntries
Yu can bring gds frm EU cuntries withut being charged tax r duty if they are:
●transprted by yurself; ●a gift r fr persnal use; ●bught with tax and duty included
Yu can bring alchl and tbacc frm EU cuntries withut restrictin but an inquiry might be required depending n the amunt f yur gds.
Arrivals frm utside the EU
Yu will be free f duty r tax n certain amunts f gds brught frm utside the EU, as lng as they are fr yur wn use. Any gds that are beynd yur allwance shuld be declared.
Alchl & tbacc allwance
※There are n duty-free allwances fr tbacc r alchl if yu're under 17.
Allwance fr ther gds:
The maximum value f ther gds yu can bring is ￡390. Any single item that is wrth mre than the allwance will be charged duty r tax n its full value.
The rate f duty r tax n items abve the allwance is:
●2.5% fr gds wrth up t ￡630;
●decided by the type f gds wrth abve ￡630-check by calling the VAT, Custms and Excise Helpline.
Inside the UK: 0300 200 3700
Outside the UK: +44 2920 501 261
Wrking time: 8 am t 6 pm, Mnday t Friday.
Banned and restricted gds
Gds banned include:
●illegal drugs; ●ffensive weapns; ●endangered animal and plant species;
●meat and dairy prducts frm mst nn-EU cuntries.
Fd and plant prducts restricted include:
●prducts cntaining pests and diseases;
●prducts grwn utside the EU;
●prducts nt fr yur wn use.
We reserve the right t seize the gds which are n suspicin f vilating intellectual prperty rights.
（1）Which f the fllwing prducts frm utside the EU has the largest duty-free allwance？________
A. Beer.B. Wine（nt sparkling wine）.
C. Spirits.D. Alchlic drinks.．
（2）Hw much tax shall ne cming frm China pay fr a ring bught in America wrth ￡500？________
A.￡2.75.B.￡12.5.C.￡110.D.￡130.．
（3）Which f the fllwing items shall be banned r restricted？________
A. A set f Russian dlls.
B. A bttle f French wine.
C. A brick f Australian cheese.
D. A package f Spanish cigarettes.．
2. Francisc Fernandez died after falling ff a mtrbike. The 45-year-ld was a belved cmmunity figure. But with a public-facing jb and a spt n his lung, he was cnsidered a pssible COVID-19 carrier. A dctr rdered his family t bury him quickly, against Philippine traditin, and all eight peple wh lived with him were put under a 14-day quarantine（隔离）in their crwded hme.
Yet when Anthny Crtez, the dctr wh had rdered the rushed burial and quarantine, arrived t check n the Fernandez family, nne f them expressed anger. Instead, faces lit up and the kids waved eagerly.
Crtez, the nly cmmunity dctr in Bambang, has verseen their medical care fr years. They trust him, and he makes them laugh. The family gathered utside t have their temperatures taken by the dctr. When the kids tried t give Crtez high fives fr nt having a fever, the 56-year-ld, in a surgical mask, face shield, and rubber glves, shwed "air fives" instead. Fr the 56, 000 peple living in Bambang,Crtez is their primary caregiver and the first respnder.
When the first crnavirus case in the Philippines was cnfirmed n January 30, the twn's respnse fell t Crtez. He and Mayr Pepit Balgs decided t take actin based n science that,if necessary,wuld g beynd natinal restrictins. Crtez and Balgs are sharply aware f the threat the virus pses t Bambang,which sits in a valley surrunded by muntains. Anyne ging suth t Manila r nrth tward the rest f the cuntry ends up passing thrugh Bambang.
Crtez quickly set up a system f cntact tracing. Using infrmatin frm the twn's 25 villages,he made a list f all the peple wh had traveled t ther cuntries,and placed them under strict hme quarantine. Anyne with symptms wuld he mved t a center set up in the muntains. S far that center has remained empty.
"It is safer t assume that everybdy is psitive," he explained.
（1）What is Crtez's reactin t the death f Francisc Fernandez？________
A. Expressing his sympathy.
B. Drwning himself int murn.
C. Shwing prfessinal sensitivity.
D. Fllwing the traditin.．
（2）On what basis des Crtez take strict measures t prtect Bambang？________
A. Its gegraphic character.B. Its lack f medical staff.
C. Its large ppulatin.D. The demand f the natin.．
（3）What can be inferred abut the cntact tracing system by Crtez？________
A. It is ttally a waste f effrt.
B. It is cmplained abut by lcal peple.
C. It is praised by higher authrities.
D. It is effective as a prtective means.．
（4）Where is this text mst likely frm？________
A. A diary.B. A nvel.C. A magazine.D. A bigraphy.．
3. With the weather getting ht, bites caused by msquites nt nly anny peple, but can result in many infectius diseases. Even when peple wear lng clthes, msquites' cmplex biting mechanism enables them t bite sme f them thrugh.
It wuld be great if clthing culd be used t cmpletely prevent peple frm getting bitten. Researchers tested graphene（石墨烯）, a material that is incredibly thin but really strng, in rder t find ut if it can make clthing resistant t msquites.
In the lab experiment, vlunteers expsed a small patch f skin n their arm r hand t rughly 100 msquites fr five minutes at a time. Researchers tested three different situatins: vlunteers wearing n prtectin, wearing cheeseclth（薄纱棉布）, r wearing cheeseclth plus a thin graphene layer under it.
A vide camera was then used t recrd and quantify msquites' behavir, including whether they landed n the skin, hw lng they stayed there, and whether they began t draw bld. The number f bites each vlunteer gt was als calculated based n hw many swellings develped n their skin afterward. Finally,researchers drpped a little water r sweat n tp f the graphene layer and studied the cnsequence, and they als tested a slightly different graphene layer called "reduced graphene".
As a result, the number f msquit bites n naked skin was the highest, abut 16 n average; skin nly prtected by cheeseclth gt the secnd, apprximately 10 per five minutes' expsure. The exciting finding was that there was n swelling develping n skin cvered by the thin graphene layer under cheeseclth,which means the material is effective at preventing msquit bites. The msquites landed n skin ttally uncvered r cvered in cheeseclth abut 23 times n average,and stayed fr ne t tw minutes. Cmparatively, the msquites landed n skin cvered in the graphene layer fewer than 10 times, and the length f their stay was much shrter. Besides, water r sweat can ruin the graphene layer, which allws msquites t bite thrugh it. But frtunately, the number f msquit bites in either dry r wet cnditins can be lwered as lng as the graphene material is imprved t a certain extent.
（1）Why did researchers cnduct the experiment？________
A. T recrd the behavir f msquites.
B. T find a substance t prevent msquit bites.
C. T find a slutin t stp infectius diseases.
D. T test graphene's effectiveness in preventing msquit bites.．
（2）What des the underlined wrd "draw" in Pargaraph 4 prbably mean？________
A. bleedB. lseC. testD. suck．
（3）In which way did researchers draw a cnclusin？________
A. By analyzing the reasns.
B. By cmparing the statistics.
C. By classifying three situatins.
D. By recrding msquites' behavir.．
（4）Which f the fllwing shws hw the text is develped？________
A. Cause-effect.B. Opinin-fact.
C. Assumptin-cnclusin.D. Phenmenn-evaluatin.．
4. Chinese scientists have used lasers（激光）t accurately identify space debris（碎片）in the Earth's rbit.
The team applied a specially develped set f rules t laser-ranging telescpes, which enabled them t identify space junk mre effectively than previus techniques. "After imprving the pinting accuracy f the telescpe thrugh a neural netwrk（神经网络）, space debris with a crss sectinal area f ne square meter at a distance f 1, 500 kilmeters can he detected," Tianming Ma, an authr f the study frm the Chinese Academy f Surveying and Mapping, said in a statement.
Accrding t NASA, rbital debris is any man-made bject in rbit arund the Earth that n lnger serves a useful functin. Debris can include nn-functinal spacecraft, abandned launch vehicle stages, and ther missin-related space junk. It pses a significant risk t astrnauts and spacecraft in rbit abve the Earth as it travels very fast-up t 18, 000 miles per hur, which is faster than a bullet. Wrryingly, there are estimated t be many millins f tiny debris pieces in lw-Earth rbit, and tens f thusands times larger than a sftball, the space agency said. Frtunately, there have been surprisingly few cllisins.
In the study, Ma and his team used tw different neural netwrks t help identify space debris with the laser-ranging telescpe. They then tested this methd against mre traditinal techniques. Accrding t the team, this is the first time that neural netwrks have been used t significantly imprve the pinting accuracy f a laser-ranging telescpe. They say the latest findings culd have significant implicatins fr maneuvring spacecraft in rbit.
Laser-ranging technlgy has previusly been used t detect space junk. Hwever, these systems have limitatins when it cmes t accurately identifying small, fast-mving pieces. In fact, previus laser-ranging methds have nly been accurate t abut 0.6 miles. In an attempt t vercme the inaccuracies f laser-ranging techniques, the Chinese team used s-called neural netwrks t imprve the effectiveness f their telescpe system. Neural netwrks are cmputing systems which are inspired by bilgical netwrks in the brain and have the ability t learn t becme better at tasks withut being given a specific set f rules t fllw.
（1）Hw have Chinese scientists made prgress in identifying space debris？________
A. By imprving the accuracy f laser technlgy.
B. By adpting newly develped telescpe systems.
C. By upgrading the advanced traditinal technlgy.
D. By applying neural netwrks t laser-ranging telescpes.．
（2）What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut？________
A. The intrductin t rbital debris.
B. The advantages f neural netwrk.
C. The threat f space junk t the Earth.
D. The imprtance f detecting space debris.．
（3）What is the purpse f the furth paragraph？________
A. T add sme backgrund infrmatin.
B. T prvide sme advice fr scientists.
C. T summarize the previus paragraphs.
D. T intrduce a new tpic fr discussin.．
（4）What d we knw abut neural netwrks frm the last paragraph？________
A. They can speed up cmputing systems.
B. They can learn t perfrm better independently.
C. They can detect space junk in lw-Earth rbit.
D. They can perfrm tasks accurately under a set f rules.．
第二节（共1小题；每小题15分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw t cngratulate smene
Jyful time ges hand in hand with cngratulatins. When yu address graduates, newly-weds,r anyne with gd news, a hearty "Cngratulatins!" is in rder. T send cngratulatins mre effectively,yu'd better bey the fllwing three tips.
（1）_______When there is smething t celebrate, dn't skirt arund the issue. Explain why yu cngratulate the persn right ff the bat. （2）_______Besides, yu shuld set the right tne and send cngratulatins with the right wrds t share in the persn's happiness mre easily.
Express hw yu feel abut the subject. （3）_______Fr instance, yu may say that yu adre the persn wh tries hard t achieve his r her gal, r merely say "I'm s happy fr yu". Remember that yur tne f vice can really carry weight. （4）_______
Try t make yur cngratulatins sincere. Yu ught t make yur wrds and actins heartfelt,fr whatever reasn yu send cngratulatins t smene. Surely there will be mments when yur cmpliments are nt given frm the bttm f yur heart. （5）_______Remind yurself t cngratulate ther peple rather than nursing jealusy, because there may cme a time when it's yur turn t be in the sptlight.
A. Spread the wrd.
B. Be as expressive as yu can.
C. Bring up the subject.
D. But yu'd better be as generus as pssible.
E. Yu can als tell him r her hw yu heard the news if necessary.
F. Yu feel frced t cngratulate smene when yu are nt really happy fr them.
G. Yu can further cnvey yur feelings apprpriately after saying "cngratulatins."
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分40分）第一节 完形填空（共1小题；每小题40分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On a chilly day in February 2012， tw Russian hunters discvered a limp bundle f fur lying in the snw. It was an rphaned cub（幼崽）! The cub hadn't eaten in days, and was（1）________enugh fr the hunters just t pick her up. Dr. Dale Miquelle, directr f the Wildlife Cnservatin Sciety's Russia Prgram,said, "A healthy tiger cub, even a three-mnth-ld ne, wuld give yu reasn t（2）________befre yu stuck yur hand t clse t its teeth and claws. But this cub had n（3）________left in her.
The hunters wrapped the cub in a cat and（4）________her t a lcal wildlife inspectr,Andrey Oryl. Over the fllwing weeks, Oryl（5）________the rphaned cub back t health. But nw he had a new prblem： What culd he d with an（6）________three-mnth-ld tiger？
The cub was an Amur tiger.（7）________a small number f Amur tigers remained in the wild,s scientists wanted t return（8）________cubs t their natural habitat. The rphaned cub was taken t a new wildlife center. The center was designed fr raising wild animals withut（9）________them t peple. It uses hidden cameras and cvered fences t keep wrkers ut f（10）________. That way, the animals dn't becme（11）________n humans.
The cub, nw named Cinderella, became the center's first tiger. Over the next year, she grew int a big, healthy tigress. In the center, she learned t hunt. By the spring f 2013，experts agreed she was（12）________t return t the wild.
They chse the perfect new（13）________fr their tiger princess： the Bastak Nature Reserve. During the next tw years, researchers watched Cinderella's（14）________. They set up cameras t snap phts. When Cinderella passed in frnt f ne f these camera（15）________it tk her picture. Cinderella nt nly （16）________， but grew healthy and strng.
Then, in December 2015，the cameras（17）________exciting news：Cinderella had becme a mther! Fr the first time ever, a tiger that humans had（18）________and returned t the wild had given birth t tw cubs f her wn.
Tigers are sme f the mst admired animals n ur planet, but they are als（19）________. Thanks t the wrk f cnservatinists like Dr. Miquelle, there is new（20）________fr these magnificent cats.
（1）A. lazy B. pale C. hungry D. weak （2）A. pause B. hurt C. wnder D. hide （3）A. mercy B. effrt C. fight D. will （4）A. reprted B. returned C. guided D. delivered （5）A. taught B. nursed C. pulled D. trained （6）A. energetic B. intelligent C. excited D. amazing （7）A. Almst B. Still C. Even D. Only （8）A. newly-brn B. hunted C. wunded D. rescued （9）A. expsing B. sending C. ffering D. selling （10）A. place B. rder C. sight D. mind （11）A.dependent B. defensive C. cncentrated D. keen （12）A. welcme B. interested C. eager D. ready （13）A. cntinent B. neighbrhd C. brder D. habitat （14）A. prgress B. reactin C. appearance D. figure （15）A. types B. traps C. shts D. scenes （16）A. succeeded B. survived C. recvered D. explred （17）A. edited B. expected C. prepared D. revealed （18）A. witnessed B. traded C. raised D. examined （19）A. dminated B. endangered C. preserved D. stressed （20）A. passin B. hme C. hpe D. help
第二节（共1小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
CHANGCHUN， Oct. 21（Xinhua）-Chinese train maker CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles C.， Ltd. n Wednesday rlled ut（1）________new type f high-speed train（2）________an run n different rail systems.
The train, with a standard speed f 400 km per hur, has been develped t cpe（3）________different rail systems n internatinal rutes,（4）________（make）internatinal rail travel mre cnvenient.
The cmpany said the train can perate in temperatures between minus 50 degrees Celsius （5）________50 degrees Celsius, and can als perate under different tractin pwer supply systems and railway transprtatin standards f different cuntries.
（6）________（base）n the prttype and technlgy, the cmpany is ready t take rders fr custmized high-speed trains and train prducts accrding t the technical standards and peratinal requirements f varius regins f the wrld.
There are（7）________（current）fur main railway track standards arund the wrld. When rdinary trains run between cuntries with different gauges, they need t replace their train bgies,which takes time and effrt.
As the new CRRC train（8）________（equip）with gauge-changing bgies,it can change（9）________（it）rail mde during crss-brder travel, greatly imprving the（10）________（efficient）f travel acrss rail systems.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分10分）第一节 短文改错（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下而写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Tm,
I'm glad t hear that yu are cnsidering make up with Peter. If I am yu, I wuld cnsider a bike as a birthday present fr him.
As far as I knw, Peter is always in pr health, s he shuld take mre exercises by riding a bike t have his bdy build up. In the meanwhile, yu can ften g ut by bike tgether, which is helpful n rebuilding yur friendship. Besides, taking a bike is envirnmentally-friendly means f transprt. It's cnvenient t get arund as well. Apart frm giving him a gift, and yu can als adpt ther means,such as traveling,seeing a mvie, having dinner and ging shpping. N matter hw yu d, being sincere was the mst imprtant. Dn't hesitate, and try t take actin. I really hpe that we can make up and be gd friends frever.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，九月三日从某国外网店订购了2本书，到货后发现一本书有破损，另一本书有缺页。请给该网站客服写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.说明情况；
2.要求对方解决问题。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Hua. __________
Yurs,
Li Hua
参考答案与试题解析
2020-2021学年山西省运城市高三（上）期中英语试卷
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共4小题；每小题9分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项。
1.
【答案】
A
B
C
【考点】
广告布告类阅读
应用文阅读
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章是-篇关于能够带入英国物品的说明，包括可以带入的物品、要被征税的物品和烟酒类产品的起征额度等信息。
【解答】
（1）A.推理判断题。根据Alchl & tbacc allwance表格中"Beer ： 16 litres（啤酒： 16升）""是所有 商品中数额最大的。可知啤酒这种来自欧盟以外的产品有最大的免税额度。故选A.
（2）B.数字计算题。根据"The rate f duty r tax n items abve the allwance is： ●2.5% fr gds wrth up t £630（超过免税额的物品的税率为：●630英镑以下的商品价格为2.5%），可知，一个来自中国的人在美国买一枚价值500英镑的戒指要交税500*2.5%=12.5英镑。故选B.
（3）C.细节理解题。根据"Gds banned indlude： ●meat and dairy prducts frm mst nn-EU cuntries.（禁止的商品包括：来自大多数非欧盟国家的肉类和奶制品），可知，澳大利亚奶酪砖会被禁止带入。故选C.
2.
【答案】
C
A
D
C
【考点】
社会文化类阅读
说明文阅读
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了乡村医生Crtez针对村民感染新冠病毒的现状，结合国家疫情防控形势和村子的地理特征，果断采取措施，降低村民感染率的故事。
【解答】
（1）C. 推理判断题。由第一段内容尤其是最后一句"A dctr rdered his family t bury him quickly, against Philippine traditin, and all eight peple wh lived with him were put under a 14-day quarantine（隔离） in their crwded hme.一名医生命令他的家人迅速埋葬他，这违反了菲律宾的传统，与他一起生活的八个人在拥挤的家中被隔离14天。"可知，Crtez依据死者的死亡检查报告和疫情情况，迅速做出反应并立即对死者的家人采取隔离措施。由此可推知，Crtez展现出了他的职业敏感性。故选C项。
（2）A.细节理解题。由第四段最后两句"Crtez and Balgs are sharply aware f the threat the virus pses t Bambang, which sits in a valley surrunded by muntains. Anyne ging suth t Manila r nrth tward the rest f the cuntry ends up passing thrugh Bambang.科尔特斯和巴尔戈斯清楚地意识到病毒对班邦构成的威胁，班邦位于群山环抱的山谷中。任何向南到马尼拉或向北前往该国其他地区的人都会经过班邦。"可知，Bambang地处交通要道，Crtez意识到疫情可能会对它产生影响，决定采取严格的防控措施。故选A项。
（3）D. 推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后两句"Anyne with symptms wuld be mved t a center set up in the muntains. S far that center has remained empty.任何出现了症状的人都会被送往山区的隔离点，而现在山区的隔离点还没有人。"由此可推知，Crtez建立的接触追踪系统是有效的。故选D项。
（4）C .文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了乡村医生Crtez投身于新冠病毒防控的故事。由此可推知，本文很有可能选自杂志。故选C项。
3.
【答案】
D
D
B
C
【考点】
完形综合
阅读理解综合
说明文阅读
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述科学家们通过研究发现石墨烯制成的衣服在应对蚊虫叮咬方面有一定的效果。
【解答】
（1）D．细节理解题。根据第二段"It wuld be great if clthing culd be used t cmpletely prevent peple frm getting bitten. Researchers tested graphene （石墨烯）， a material that is incredibly thin but really strng, in rder t find ut if it can make clthing resistant t msquites.（如果衣服能完全防止人们被咬，那就太好了。研究人员测试了石墨烯，一种非常薄但非常结实的材料，以确定它是否能使衣服抵抗蚊子。）"可知，研究者做这个实验的目的是测试石墨烯预防蚊虫叮咬的有效性。故选D.
（2）D．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句"A vide camera was then used t recrd and quantify msquites' behavir, including whether they landed n the skin, hw lng they stayed there, and whether they began t draw bld（然后用一台摄像机记录和量化蚊子的行为，包括它们是否落在皮肤上，停留多长时间，以及它们是否开始吸血。）和常识可知，蚊子停留在人的皮肤上目的就是吸血，由此可知，此处"draw"的意思是suck "吮吸"。A. bleed流血；B. lse失去；C. test测验；D. suck吮吸。故选D.
（3）B．推理判断题。根据最后一段"As a result, the number f msquit bites n naked skin was the highest, abut 16 n average； skin nly prtected by cheeseclth gt the secnd, apprximately 10 per five minutes' expsure. （结果，蚊子叮咬裸露皮肤的次数最多，平均约16次；只有粗棉布保护的皮肤得到第二，大约每5分钟10次。）和"The msquites landed n skin ttally uncvered r cvered in cheeseclth abut 23 times n average, and stayed fr ne t tw minutes. （这些蚊子平均有23次降落在没有遮盖的皮肤上，或者被纱布覆盖，停留1到2分钟。）"可推知，研究者们通过比较数据得出结论的。故选B.
（4）C．推理判断题。根据第二段"It wuld be great if clthing culd be used t cmpletely prevent peple frm getting bitten. （如果衣服能被用来完全防止人们被叮咬，那就太好了。）"和最后一段"But frtunately, the number f msquit bites in either dry r wet cnditins can be lwered as lng as the graphene material is imprved t a certain extent.（但幸运的是，只要石墨烯材料在一定程度上得到改善，无论是干燥还是潮湿条件下，蚊子叮咬的次数都可以降低。）"可得知，本文通过先提出假设再得出结论的方式来介绍本文内容的。故选C.
4.
【答案】
D
A
A
B
【考点】
说明文阅读
科教类阅读
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了中国科学家已经使用激光精确识别了地球轨道上的空间碎片。文章对这项技术进行了简单说明，介绍了轨道碎片的相关知识以及这项研究的一些背景知识。
【解答】
（1）D. 细节理解题。根据第二段"The team applied a specially develped set f rules t laser-ranging telescpes, which enabled them t identify space junk mre effectively than previus techniques. ‘After imprving the pinting accuracy f the telescpe thrugh a neural netwrk, space debris with a crss sectinal area f ne square meter at a distance f 1，500 kilmeters can he detected,"Tianming Ma, an authr f the study frm the Chinese Academy f Surveying and Mapping, said in a statement.（该团队将一套专门开发的规则应用于激光测距望远镜，使他们能够比以往的技术更有效地识别太空垃圾。‘通过神经网络提高望远镜的指向精度后，在1500公里的距离上，横截面面积为1平方米的空间碎片就可以被他发现。'来自中国测绘科学院的研究作者马天明说）"可知，在太空碎片识别方面，中国科学家通过将神经网络应用于激光测距望远镜从而取得了进展。故选D.
（2）A. 段落大意题。根据第三段"Accrding t NASA， rbital debris is any man-made bject in rbit arund the Earth that n lnger serves a useful functin. Debris can include nn-functinal spacecraft, abandned launch vehicle stages, and ther missin-related space junk. It pses a significant risk t astrnauts and spacecraft in rbit abve the Earth as it travels very fast-up t 18， 000 miles per hur, which is faster than a bullet. Wrryingly, there are estimated t be many millins f tiny debris pieces in lw-Earth rbit, and tens f thusands times larger than a sftball, the space agency said. Frtunately, there have been surprisingly few cllisins.（根据美国国家航空航天局的说法，轨道碎片是指在地球轨道上的人造物体，它们不再有任何有用的功能。碎片包括无法使用的航天器、废弃的运载火箭级和其他与任务相关的太空垃圾。它的速度高达每小时1.8万英里，比子弹还快，这对地球上空轨道上的宇航员和航天器构成了重大风险。令人担忧的是，据估计近地轨道上有数以百万计的微小碎片，比垒球大数万倍，航天局说。所幸的是，碰撞事件出奇的少）"可知，第三段的主要内容是介绍轨道碎片。故选A.
（3）A. 推理判断题。根据第四段内容"In the study, Ma and his team used tw different neural netwrks t help identify space debris with the laser-ranging telescpe. They then tested this methd against mre traditinal techniques. Accrding t the team, this is the first time that neural netwrks have been used t significantly imprve the pinting accuracy f a laser-ranging telescpe. They say the latest findings culd have significant implicatins fr maneuvring spacecraft in rbit.（在这项研究中，马和他的团队使用两种不同的神经网络来帮助激光测距望远镜识别空间碎片。然后，他们用更传统的技术来测试这种方法。据该团队称，这是神经网络首次被用于显著提高激光测距望远镜的指向精度。他们表示，最新的发现可能对操纵轨道上的航天器具有重大意义）"可推知，第四段主要介绍了一些这项研究背景，即第四段的目的是补充一些背景信息。故选A.
（4）B. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中"Neural netwrks are cmputing systems which are inspired by bilgical netwrks in the brain and have the ability t learn t becme better at tasks withut being given a specific set f rules t fllw.（神经网络是一种计算系统，它受到大脑中生物网络的启发，有能力在没有特定规则遵循的情况下学习并更好地完成任务）"可知，神经网络可以学会更好地独立完成任务。故选B.
第二节（共1小题；每小题15分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
【答案】
C,E,G,B,D
【考点】
说明文七选五
【解析】
快乐的时光与祝贺相伴。为了更有效地表达祝贺，作者就此给出了三条建议。
【解答】
（1）C. 联系下文题。根据下文：When there is smething t celebrate, dn't skirt arund the issue. Explain why yu cngratulate the persn right ff the bat.当有什么值得庆祝的时候，不要回避这个问题。可知C选项：提起这个话题。意思相符，故选C.
（2）E.推理判断题。根据上下文：Explain why yu cngratulate the persn right ff the bat. Besides, yu shuld set the right tne and send cngratulatins with the right wrds t share in the persn's happiness mre easily.解释一下你为什么要马上祝贺那个人。另外，你应该用正确的语气，用正确的语言表达祝贺，以便更容易地分享对方的幸福。可知E选项：如果有必要，你也可以告诉他你是怎么听到这个消息的。意思相符，故选E.
（3）G. 联系上文题。根据上文：Express hw yu feel abut the subject. 表达你对这个主题的感受。可知G选项：在说"恭喜"之后，你可以进一步适当地表达你的感情。意思相符，故选G.
（4）B. 联系上文题。根据上文： Fr instance, yu may say that yu adre the persn wh tries hard t achieve his r her gal, r merely say "I'm s happy fr yu". Remember that yur tne f vice can really carry weight. 例如，你可能会说你崇拜一个努力实现目标的人，或者仅仅说"我为你感到高兴"。记住你的语气真的很有分量。可知B选项：尽你所能表现出来。意思相符，故选B.
（5）D. 推理判断题。根据上下文：当然，有些时候你的赞美不是发自内心的。提醒自己去祝贺别人，而不是嫉妒可知D选项：但你最好尽可能宽厚大方。意思相符，故选D.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分40分）第一节 完形填空（共1小题；每小题40分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
【答案】
D,A,C,D,B,A,D,D,A,C,A,D,D,A,C,B,D,C,B,C
【考点】
故事类阅读
【解析】
文章讲述了人们营救了一只东北虎幼崽，在人类的照顾下，她不仅恢复健康，条件成熟时还被送回野外，并产下幼崽。
【解答】
（1）D．考查形容词及语境理解。A． lazy 懒惰的；B． pale 苍白的；C．hungry 饥饿的；D．weak虚弱的。这只幼崽已经好几天没吃东西了，身体很虚弱，猎人们只能把它抱起来。根据上文The cub hadn't eaten in days可知是虚弱的。故选D．
（2）A．考查动词及语境理解。A．pause 暂停；B． hurt 伤害；C． wnder 思忖；D． hide隐藏。一只健康的虎崽，即使是三个月大的虎崽，在你把你的手伸得离它的牙齿和爪子太近之前，也会让你有理由停下来。故选A．
（3）C．考查名词及语境理解。A． mercy仁慈；B． effrt 努力；C． fight 战斗；D．will意愿。但这只幼崽已经没有战斗力了。故选C．
（4）D．考查动词及语境理解。A． reprted 报告；B． returned 返回；C． guided 引导；D．delivered交付。猎人们把幼崽裹在大衣里，交给当地的野生动物检查员。故选D．
（5）B．考查动词及语境理解。A． taught教；B．nursed 护理；C． pulled 拉；D． trained 训练。在接下来的几周里，奥里奥尔照料这只孤儿幼崽恢复健康。故选B．
（6）A．考查形容词及语境理解。A．energetic 精力充沛的；B． intelligent聪明的；C． excited 兴奋的；D． amazing 惊人的。他怎么处理这只三个月大精力充沛的幼虎？故选A．
（7）D．考查副词及语境理解。A． Almst几乎；B． Still 仍然；C． Even 甚至；D． Only 只有。只有少数东北虎留在野外。故选D．
（8）D．考查形容词及语境理解。A． newly-brn新生的；B．hunted 猎杀的；C． wunded 受伤的；D． rescued 获救的。所以科学家们想把获救的幼崽送回它们的自然栖息地。故选D．
（9）A．考查动词及语境理解。A． expsing暴露；B． sending 发送；C． ffering 提供；D． selling 销售。这个中心是为饲养野生动物而设计的，不让它们暴露在人面前。故选A．
（10）C．考查名词及语境理解。A． place地点；B．rder 命令；C． sight 视线；D． mind 头脑。它使用隐藏的摄像头和栅栏来防止工人进入视线。故选C．
（11）A．考查形容词及语境理解。A．dependent 依附的；B． defensive 防御性的；C．cncentrated集中的；D． keen 敏锐的。这样，动物就不再依赖人类了。故选A．
（12）D．考查形容词及语境理解。A． welcme欢迎的；B． interested 感兴趣的；C． eager 急切的；D．ready 准备好的。到2013年春天，专家们一致认为她已经准备好重返野外。根据上文 In the center, she learned t hunt.可知是准备好的。故选D．
（13）D．考查名词及语境理解。A． cntinent大陆；B． neighbrhd 邻里；C． brder 边界；D． habitat 栖息地。他们为虎公主选择了一个完美的新王国。巴斯塔克自然保护区。故选D．
（14）A．考查名词及语境理解。A． prgress进展；B． reactin 反应；C． appearance 外观；D． habitat 栖息地。在接下来的两年里，研究人员观察了灰姑娘的进步。故选A．
（15）C．考查名词及语境理解。A． types类型；B． traps 陷阱；C． shts 照片；枪击；D． scenes 场景。当灰姑娘经过其中一个镜头前时，它拍下了她的照片。camera sht镜头。根据上文They set up cameras t snap phts.可知是镜头。故选C．
（16）B．考查动词及语境理解。A． succeeded成功；B．survived 幸存下来；C．recvered 恢复；D． explred 探索。灰姑娘不仅活了下来，而且变得健康强壮。故选B．
（17）D．考查动词及语境理解。A． edited编辑；B． expected 预期；C． prepared 准备；D． revealed 透露。然后，在2015年12月，摄像机显示了令人兴奋的消息。故选D．
（18）C．考查动词及语境理解。A． witnessed见证；B． traded 交易；C． raised 提出；抚养；D． examined 检查。有史以来第一次，人类饲养并返回野外的老虎自己生下了两只幼崽。根据上文可知这只东北虎三个月时被人类捡回抚养。故选C．
（19）B．考查形容词及语境理解。A． dminated 占主导的；B． endangered濒危的；C． preserved 保存的；D． stressed 压力的。老虎是我们星球上最受尊敬的动物之一，但它们也濒临灭绝。故选B．
（20）C．考查名词及语境理解。A．passin 爱；B． hme 家；C． hpe 希望；D． help 帮助。这些漂亮的猫科动物有了新的希望。故选C．
第二节（共1小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
【答案】
a,which/that,with,making,and,Based,currently,is equipped,its,efficiency
【考点】
说明文语法填空
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国列车制造商中国中车长春轨道车辆有限公司周三推出了一款新型高速列车，该车可以在不同的轨道系统上运行，极大地提高了跨进形势的效率。
【解答】
（1）a.考查冠词。句意：新华社长春10月21日电--中国列车制造商中国中车长春轨道车辆有限公司周三推出了一款新型高速列车，它可以在不同的轨道系统上运行。根据名词type可知此处要用不定冠词，表示"一款"，且new是以辅音音素发音开头的单词，应用a。故填a.
（2）which / that.考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：新华社长春10月21日电--中国列车制造商中国中车长春轨道车辆有限公司周三推出了一款新型高速列车，可以在不同的轨道系统上运行。此处是一个定语从句，先行词为train,指物，由定语从句缺少主语，可知此处要用关系代词which / that。故填which / that.
（3）with.考查介词。句意：该列车的标准速度为每小时400公里，是为了适应国际航线上不同的铁路系统而开发的，使国际铁路旅行更加方便。短语cpe with"处理，应付"，是固定搭配。故填with.
（4）making.考查现在分词。句意：该列车的标准速度为每小时400公里，是为了适应国际航线上不同的铁路系统而开发的，使国际铁路旅行更加方便。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词；结合句意可知，此处表自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making.
（5）and.考查连词。句意：该公司表示，该列车可以在零下50摄氏度到50摄氏度的温度下运行，还可以在不同国家的不同牵引供电系统和铁路运输标准下运行。分析可知，此处 between minus 50 degrees Celsius和50 degrees Celsius表示并列关系，因此用and,短语between…and…"在…和…之间"。故填and.
（6）Based.考查过去分词。句意：公司以原型和技术为基础，根据世界各地的技术标准和运行要求，承接定制的高速列车和列车产品的订单。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，base和the cmpany之间是逻辑动宾关系，故此处要用过去分词。故填Based.
（7）currently.考查副词。句意：目前世界上有四种主要的铁路轨道标准。根据谓语动词There are可知此处要用副词作状语。故填currently.
（8）is equipped.考查时态和语态。句意：由于中国中车列车配备了变轨转架，可以在跨境行驶时改变轨道模式，大大提高了跨轨行驶的效率。由上文可知时态是一般现在时，设空处为原因状语从句的谓语动词，主语the new CRRC train与equip之间是被动关系，故要用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用is。故填is equipped.
（9）its.考查代词。句意：由于中国中车列车配备了变轨转架，可以在跨境行驶时改变轨道模式，大大提高了跨轨行驶的效率。根据名词rail mde 可知，此处要用形容词性代词，作定语。故填its.
（10）efficiency.考查名词。句意：由于中国中车列车配备了变轨转架，可以在跨境行驶时改变轨道模式，大大提高了跨轨行驶的效率。根据冠词the,可知此处要用名词作imprve的宾语，efficiency"效率"是不可数名词。故填efficiency.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分10分）第一节 短文改错（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）
【答案】
Dear Tm,
I'm glad t hear that yu are cnsidering make up with Peter. If I am yu, I wuld cnsider a bike as a birthday present fr him.
As far as I knw, Peter is always in pr health, s he shuld take mre exercises by riding a bike t have his bdy build up. In the meanwhile, yu can ften g ut by bike tgether, which is helpful n rebuilding yur friendship. Besides, taking a bike is ∧envirnmentally-friendly means f transprt. It's cnvenient t get arund as well. Apart frm giving him a gift, and yu can als adpt ther means,such as traveling,seeing a mvie, having dinner and ging shpping. N matter hw yu d, being sincere was the mst imprtant. Dn't hesitate, and try t take actin. I really hpe that we can make up and be gd friends frever.
解析：
1. make改为making. 考查动名词。句意：我很高兴听到你在考虑和彼得和好。作cnsider的宾语，表示"考虑做"，用动名词，所以make改为making.
2. am改为were. 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我会考虑买一辆自行车当作生日礼物送给他。表示和现在的事实相反，if从句的be动词用were,所以am改为were.
3. exercises改为exercise. 考查名词。句意：据我所知，彼得身体一直不好，所以他应该借助骑自行车锻炼身体。exercise表示"锻炼"时，是不可数名词，所以 exercises改为exercise.
4. build改为built. 考查过去分词。句意：据我所知，彼得身体一直不好，所以他应该借助骑自行车锻炼身体。作have his bdy的宾补，表示"被增强"，用过去分词，所以build改为built.
5. n改为in. 考查介词。句意：同时，你们可以经常一起骑自行车出去，这有助于重建你们的友谊。在is helpful后，表示"在某一方面有帮助"，用介词in, 所以n改为in.
6. envirnmentally前面加上an. 考查冠词。句意：此外，骑自行车是一种环保的交通方式。修饰以元音音素开头的名词envirnmentally-friendly means,表示"一种"，用不定冠词an,所以envirnmentally前面加上an.
7. 去掉and. 考查句子结构。句意：除了给他一个礼物，你还可以采取其他方式，如旅游，看电影，吃饭和购物。句子里，Apart frm giving him a gift是方式状语， yu can als adpt ther means是句子的主谓宾，不需要连词连接，所以去掉and.
8. hw改为what. 考查疑问词。句意：不管你做什么，真诚是最重要的。引导让步状语从句yu d,作从句的宾语，用what,所以 hw改为what.
9. was改为is. 考查时态。句意：不管你做什么，真诚是最重要的。说明事实，用一般现在时态，所以was改为is.
10. we改为yu. 考查代词。句意：我真的希望你们能和好，永远是好朋友。根据上文可知代指Tm和Peter,用yu,所以we改为yu.
【考点】
记叙文短文改错
【解析】
汤姆在考虑在朋友彼得生日的时候和他和好，但是不知怎么办，所以向作者求助，作者建议他买一辆自行车当作生日礼物送给他。
【解答】
Dear Tm,
I'm glad t hear that yu are cnsidering make up with Peter. If I am yu, I wuld cnsider a bike as a birthday present fr him.
As far as I knw, Peter is always in pr health, s he shuld take mre exercises by riding a bike t have his bdy build up. In the meanwhile, yu can ften g ut by bike tgether, which is helpful n rebuilding yur friendship. Besides, taking a bike is ∧envirnmentally-friendly means f transprt. It's cnvenient t get arund as well. Apart frm giving him a gift, and yu can als adpt ther means,such as traveling,seeing a mvie, having dinner and ging shpping. N matter hw yu d, being sincere was the mst imprtant. Dn't hesitate, and try t take actin. I really hpe that we can make up and be gd friends frever.
解析：
1. make改为making. 考查动名词。句意：我很高兴听到你在考虑和彼得和好。作cnsider的宾语，表示"考虑做"，用动名词，所以make改为making.
2. am改为were. 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我会考虑买一辆自行车当作生日礼物送给他。表示和现在的事实相反，if从句的be动词用were,所以am改为were.
3. exercises改为exercise. 考查名词。句意：据我所知，彼得身体一直不好，所以他应该借助骑自行车锻炼身体。exercise表示"锻炼"时，是不可数名词，所以 exercises改为exercise.
4. build改为built. 考查过去分词。句意：据我所知，彼得身体一直不好，所以他应该借助骑自行车锻炼身体。作have his bdy的宾补，表示"被增强"，用过去分词，所以build改为built.
5. n改为in. 考查介词。句意：同时，你们可以经常一起骑自行车出去，这有助于重建你们的友谊。在is helpful后，表示"在某一方面有帮助"，用介词in, 所以n改为in.
6. envirnmentally前面加上an. 考查冠词。句意：此外，骑自行车是一种环保的交通方式。修饰以元音音素开头的名词envirnmentally-friendly means,表示"一种"，用不定冠词an,所以envirnmentally前面加上an.
7. 去掉and. 考查句子结构。句意：除了给他一个礼物，你还可以采取其他方式，如旅游，看电影，吃饭和购物。句子里，Apart frm giving him a gift是方式状语， yu can als adpt ther means是句子的主谓宾，不需要连词连接，所以去掉and.
8. hw改为what. 考查疑问词。句意：不管你做什么，真诚是最重要的。引导让步状语从句yu d,作从句的宾语，用what,所以 hw改为what.
9. was改为is. 考查时态。句意：不管你做什么，真诚是最重要的。说明事实，用一般现在时态，所以was改为is.
10. we改为yu. 考查代词。句意：我真的希望你们能和好，永远是好朋友。根据上文可知代指Tm和Peter,用yu,所以we改为yu.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
【答案】
Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Hua. I'm writing t yu t cmplain abut a prblem with sme bks I rdered frm yur website.（写信目的）
On 3rd September, greatly delighted, I rdered tw bks frm yur nline stre, hping t read bth the bks within three mnths. It was true that I was excited when the bks arrived. Hwever, hardly had I seen the bks when disappintment quickly struck me because ne lying in the parcel was brken. 【高分句型一】In additin, what annyed me mre was that sme pages in the ther were gne. 【高分句型二】Therefre, culd yu please arrange fr anther tw t be sent t me as sn as pssible？ Otherwise, please give me a refund.
I wuld be extremely grateful if yu culd lk int the matter as sn as pssible and get it settled by next week. I'm lking frward t yur respnse sn.（要求对方解决问题）
Yurs,
Li Hua
【考点】
提纲类
【解析】
高分句型一：Hwever, hardly had I seen the bks when disappintment quickly struck me because ne lying in the parcel was brken.
译文：然而，我一看到这些书，就很快失望了，因为包裹里的一本破了。
分析：这句话使用hardly…when…意为"一…就…"，hardly后面的句子用部分倒装。
高分句型二：In additin, what annyed me mre was that sme pages in the ther were gne.
译文：另外，更让我恼火的是另一本书的一些页不见了。
分析：这句话使用what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。
【解答】
Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Hua. I'm writing t yu t cmplain abut a prblem with sme bks I rdered frm yur website.（写信目的）
On 3rd September, greatly delighted, I rdered tw bks frm yur nline stre, hping t read bth the bks within three mnths. It was true that I was excited when the bks arrived. Hwever, hardly had I seen the bks when disappintment quickly struck me because ne lying in the parcel was brken. 【高分句型一】In additin, what annyed me mre was that sme pages in the ther were gne. 【高分句型二】Therefre, culd yu please arrange fr anther tw t be sent t me as sn as pssible？ Otherwise, please give me a refund.
I wuld be extremely grateful if yu culd lk int the matter as sn as pssible and get it settled by next week. I'm lking frward t yur respnse sn.（要求对方解决问题）
Yurs,
Li HuaType f gds
Cigarettes
Cigars
Tbacc
Beer
Wine
（nt sparking wine）
Spirits
Alchlic drinks
Amunt
200
50
250 grams
16 litres
4 litres
1 litre
2 litres
1. Bringing Gds int the UK
Yu are allwed t bring sme gds fr persnal use withut paying tax r duty.
Arrivals frm EU cuntries
Yu can bring gds frm EU cuntries withut being charged tax r duty if they are:
●transprted by yurself; ●a gift r fr persnal use; ●bught with tax and duty included
Yu can bring alchl and tbacc frm EU cuntries withut restrictin but an inquiry might be required depending n the amunt f yur gds.
Arrivals frm utside the EU
Yu will be free f duty r tax n certain amunts f gds brught frm utside the EU, as lng as they are fr yur wn use. Any gds that are beynd yur allwance shuld be declared.
Alchl & tbacc allwance
※There are n duty-free allwances fr tbacc r alchl if yu're under 17.
Allwance fr ther gds:
The maximum value f ther gds yu can bring is ￡390. Any single item that is wrth mre than the allwance will be charged duty r tax n its full value.
The rate f duty r tax n items abve the allwance is:
●2.5% fr gds wrth up t ￡630;
●decided by the type f gds wrth abve ￡630-check by calling the VAT, Custms and Excise Helpline.
Inside the UK: 0300 200 3700
Outside the UK: +44 2920 501 261
Wrking time: 8 am t 6 pm, Mnday t Friday.
Banned and restricted gds
Gds banned include:
●illegal drugs; ●ffensive weapns; ●endangered animal and plant species;
●meat and dairy prducts frm mst nn-EU cuntries.
Fd and plant prducts restricted include:
●prducts cntaining pests and diseases;
●prducts grwn utside the EU;
●prducts nt fr yur wn use.
We reserve the right t seize the gds which are n suspicin f vilating intellectual prperty rights.
（1）Which f the fllwing prducts frm utside the EU has the largest duty-free allwance？________
A. Beer.B. Wine（nt sparkling wine）.
C. Spirits.D. Alchlic drinks.．
（2）Hw much tax shall ne cming frm China pay fr a ring bught in America wrth ￡500？________
A.￡2.75.B.￡12.5.C.￡110.D.￡130.．
（3）Which f the fllwing items shall be banned r restricted？________
A. A set f Russian dlls.
B. A bttle f French wine.
C. A brick f Australian cheese.
D. A package f Spanish cigarettes.．
2. Francisc Fernandez died after falling ff a mtrbike. The 45-year-ld was a belved cmmunity figure. But with a public-facing jb and a spt n his lung, he was cnsidered a pssible COVID-19 carrier. A dctr rdered his family t bury him quickly, against Philippine traditin, and all eight peple wh lived with him were put under a 14-day quarantine（隔离）in their crwded hme.
Yet when Anthny Crtez, the dctr wh had rdered the rushed burial and quarantine, arrived t check n the Fernandez family, nne f them expressed anger. Instead, faces lit up and the kids waved eagerly.
Crtez, the nly cmmunity dctr in Bambang, has verseen their medical care fr years. They trust him, and he makes them laugh. The family gathered utside t have their temperatures taken by the dctr. When the kids tried t give Crtez high fives fr nt having a fever, the 56-year-ld, in a surgical mask, face shield, and rubber glves, shwed "air fives" instead. Fr the 56, 000 peple living in Bambang,Crtez is their primary caregiver and the first respnder.
When the first crnavirus case in the Philippines was cnfirmed n January 30, the twn's respnse fell t Crtez. He and Mayr Pepit Balgs decided t take actin based n science that,if necessary,wuld g beynd natinal restrictins. Crtez and Balgs are sharply aware f the threat the virus pses t Bambang,which sits in a valley surrunded by muntains. Anyne ging suth t Manila r nrth tward the rest f the cuntry ends up passing thrugh Bambang.
Crtez quickly set up a system f cntact tracing. Using infrmatin frm the twn's 25 villages,he made a list f all the peple wh had traveled t ther cuntries,and placed them under strict hme quarantine. Anyne with symptms wuld he mved t a center set up in the muntains. S far that center has remained empty.
"It is safer t assume that everybdy is psitive," he explained.
（1）What is Crtez's reactin t the death f Francisc Fernandez？________
A. Expressing his sympathy.
B. Drwning himself int murn.
C. Shwing prfessinal sensitivity.
D. Fllwing the traditin.．
（2）On what basis des Crtez take strict measures t prtect Bambang？________
A. Its gegraphic character.B. Its lack f medical staff.
C. Its large ppulatin.D. The demand f the natin.．
（3）What can be inferred abut the cntact tracing system by Crtez？________
A. It is ttally a waste f effrt.
B. It is cmplained abut by lcal peple.
C. It is praised by higher authrities.
D. It is effective as a prtective means.．
（4）Where is this text mst likely frm？________
A. A diary.B. A nvel.C. A magazine.D. A bigraphy.．
3. With the weather getting ht, bites caused by msquites nt nly anny peple, but can result in many infectius diseases. Even when peple wear lng clthes, msquites' cmplex biting mechanism enables them t bite sme f them thrugh.
It wuld be great if clthing culd be used t cmpletely prevent peple frm getting bitten. Researchers tested graphene（石墨烯）, a material that is incredibly thin but really strng, in rder t find ut if it can make clthing resistant t msquites.
In the lab experiment, vlunteers expsed a small patch f skin n their arm r hand t rughly 100 msquites fr five minutes at a time. Researchers tested three different situatins: vlunteers wearing n prtectin, wearing cheeseclth（薄纱棉布）, r wearing cheeseclth plus a thin graphene layer under it.
A vide camera was then used t recrd and quantify msquites' behavir, including whether they landed n the skin, hw lng they stayed there, and whether they began t draw bld. The number f bites each vlunteer gt was als calculated based n hw many swellings develped n their skin afterward. Finally,researchers drpped a little water r sweat n tp f the graphene layer and studied the cnsequence, and they als tested a slightly different graphene layer called "reduced graphene".
As a result, the number f msquit bites n naked skin was the highest, abut 16 n average; skin nly prtected by cheeseclth gt the secnd, apprximately 10 per five minutes' expsure. The exciting finding was that there was n swelling develping n skin cvered by the thin graphene layer under cheeseclth,which means the material is effective at preventing msquit bites. The msquites landed n skin ttally uncvered r cvered in cheeseclth abut 23 times n average,and stayed fr ne t tw minutes. Cmparatively, the msquites landed n skin cvered in the graphene layer fewer than 10 times, and the length f their stay was much shrter. Besides, water r sweat can ruin the graphene layer, which allws msquites t bite thrugh it. But frtunately, the number f msquit bites in either dry r wet cnditins can be lwered as lng as the graphene material is imprved t a certain extent.
（1）Why did researchers cnduct the experiment？________
A. T recrd the behavir f msquites.
B. T find a substance t prevent msquit bites.
C. T find a slutin t stp infectius diseases.
D. T test graphene's effectiveness in preventing msquit bites.．
（2）What des the underlined wrd "draw" in Pargaraph 4 prbably mean？________
A. bleedB. lseC. testD. suck．
（3）In which way did researchers draw a cnclusin？________
A. By analyzing the reasns.
B. By cmparing the statistics.
C. By classifying three situatins.
D. By recrding msquites' behavir.．
（4）Which f the fllwing shws hw the text is develped？________
A. Cause-effect.B. Opinin-fact.
C. Assumptin-cnclusin.D. Phenmenn-evaluatin.．
4. Chinese scientists have used lasers（激光）t accurately identify space debris（碎片）in the Earth's rbit.
The team applied a specially develped set f rules t laser-ranging telescpes, which enabled them t identify space junk mre effectively than previus techniques. "After imprving the pinting accuracy f the telescpe thrugh a neural netwrk（神经网络）, space debris with a crss sectinal area f ne square meter at a distance f 1, 500 kilmeters can he detected," Tianming Ma, an authr f the study frm the Chinese Academy f Surveying and Mapping, said in a statement.
Accrding t NASA, rbital debris is any man-made bject in rbit arund the Earth that n lnger serves a useful functin. Debris can include nn-functinal spacecraft, abandned launch vehicle stages, and ther missin-related space junk. It pses a significant risk t astrnauts and spacecraft in rbit abve the Earth as it travels very fast-up t 18, 000 miles per hur, which is faster than a bullet. Wrryingly, there are estimated t be many millins f tiny debris pieces in lw-Earth rbit, and tens f thusands times larger than a sftball, the space agency said. Frtunately, there have been surprisingly few cllisins.
In the study, Ma and his team used tw different neural netwrks t help identify space debris with the laser-ranging telescpe. They then tested this methd against mre traditinal techniques. Accrding t the team, this is the first time that neural netwrks have been used t significantly imprve the pinting accuracy f a laser-ranging telescpe. They say the latest findings culd have significant implicatins fr maneuvring spacecraft in rbit.
Laser-ranging technlgy has previusly been used t detect space junk. Hwever, these systems have limitatins when it cmes t accurately identifying small, fast-mving pieces. In fact, previus laser-ranging methds have nly been accurate t abut 0.6 miles. In an attempt t vercme the inaccuracies f laser-ranging techniques, the Chinese team used s-called neural netwrks t imprve the effectiveness f their telescpe system. Neural netwrks are cmputing systems which are inspired by bilgical netwrks in the brain and have the ability t learn t becme better at tasks withut being given a specific set f rules t fllw.
（1）Hw have Chinese scientists made prgress in identifying space debris？________
A. By imprving the accuracy f laser technlgy.
B. By adpting newly develped telescpe systems.
C. By upgrading the advanced traditinal technlgy.
D. By applying neural netwrks t laser-ranging telescpes.．
（2）What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut？________
A. The intrductin t rbital debris.
B. The advantages f neural netwrk.
C. The threat f space junk t the Earth.
D. The imprtance f detecting space debris.．
（3）What is the purpse f the furth paragraph？________
A. T add sme backgrund infrmatin.
B. T prvide sme advice fr scientists.
C. T summarize the previus paragraphs.
D. T intrduce a new tpic fr discussin.．
（4）What d we knw abut neural netwrks frm the last paragraph？________
A. They can speed up cmputing systems.
B. They can learn t perfrm better independently.
C. They can detect space junk in lw-Earth rbit.
D. They can perfrm tasks accurately under a set f rules.．
第二节（共1小题；每小题15分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw t cngratulate smene
Jyful time ges hand in hand with cngratulatins. When yu address graduates, newly-weds,r anyne with gd news, a hearty "Cngratulatins!" is in rder. T send cngratulatins mre effectively,yu'd better bey the fllwing three tips.
（1）_______When there is smething t celebrate, dn't skirt arund the issue. Explain why yu cngratulate the persn right ff the bat. （2）_______Besides, yu shuld set the right tne and send cngratulatins with the right wrds t share in the persn's happiness mre easily.
Express hw yu feel abut the subject. （3）_______Fr instance, yu may say that yu adre the persn wh tries hard t achieve his r her gal, r merely say "I'm s happy fr yu". Remember that yur tne f vice can really carry weight. （4）_______
Try t make yur cngratulatins sincere. Yu ught t make yur wrds and actins heartfelt,fr whatever reasn yu send cngratulatins t smene. Surely there will be mments when yur cmpliments are nt given frm the bttm f yur heart. （5）_______Remind yurself t cngratulate ther peple rather than nursing jealusy, because there may cme a time when it's yur turn t be in the sptlight.
A. Spread the wrd.
B. Be as expressive as yu can.
C. Bring up the subject.
D. But yu'd better be as generus as pssible.
E. Yu can als tell him r her hw yu heard the news if necessary.
F. Yu feel frced t cngratulate smene when yu are nt really happy fr them.
G. Yu can further cnvey yur feelings apprpriately after saying "cngratulatins."
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分40分）第一节 完形填空（共1小题；每小题40分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On a chilly day in February 2012， tw Russian hunters discvered a limp bundle f fur lying in the snw. It was an rphaned cub（幼崽）! The cub hadn't eaten in days, and was（1）________enugh fr the hunters just t pick her up. Dr. Dale Miquelle, directr f the Wildlife Cnservatin Sciety's Russia Prgram,said, "A healthy tiger cub, even a three-mnth-ld ne, wuld give yu reasn t（2）________befre yu stuck yur hand t clse t its teeth and claws. But this cub had n（3）________left in her.
The hunters wrapped the cub in a cat and（4）________her t a lcal wildlife inspectr,Andrey Oryl. Over the fllwing weeks, Oryl（5）________the rphaned cub back t health. But nw he had a new prblem： What culd he d with an（6）________three-mnth-ld tiger？
The cub was an Amur tiger.（7）________a small number f Amur tigers remained in the wild,s scientists wanted t return（8）________cubs t their natural habitat. The rphaned cub was taken t a new wildlife center. The center was designed fr raising wild animals withut（9）________them t peple. It uses hidden cameras and cvered fences t keep wrkers ut f（10）________. That way, the animals dn't becme（11）________n humans.
The cub, nw named Cinderella, became the center's first tiger. Over the next year, she grew int a big, healthy tigress. In the center, she learned t hunt. By the spring f 2013，experts agreed she was（12）________t return t the wild.
They chse the perfect new（13）________fr their tiger princess： the Bastak Nature Reserve. During the next tw years, researchers watched Cinderella's（14）________. They set up cameras t snap phts. When Cinderella passed in frnt f ne f these camera（15）________it tk her picture. Cinderella nt nly （16）________， but grew healthy and strng.
Then, in December 2015，the cameras（17）________exciting news：Cinderella had becme a mther! Fr the first time ever, a tiger that humans had（18）________and returned t the wild had given birth t tw cubs f her wn.
Tigers are sme f the mst admired animals n ur planet, but they are als（19）________. Thanks t the wrk f cnservatinists like Dr. Miquelle, there is new（20）________fr these magnificent cats.
（1）A. lazy B. pale C. hungry D. weak （2）A. pause B. hurt C. wnder D. hide （3）A. mercy B. effrt C. fight D. will （4）A. reprted B. returned C. guided D. delivered （5）A. taught B. nursed C. pulled D. trained （6）A. energetic B. intelligent C. excited D. amazing （7）A. Almst B. Still C. Even D. Only （8）A. newly-brn B. hunted C. wunded D. rescued （9）A. expsing B. sending C. ffering D. selling （10）A. place B. rder C. sight D. mind （11）A.dependent B. defensive C. cncentrated D. keen （12）A. welcme B. interested C. eager D. ready （13）A. cntinent B. neighbrhd C. brder D. habitat （14）A. prgress B. reactin C. appearance D. figure （15）A. types B. traps C. shts D. scenes （16）A. succeeded B. survived C. recvered D. explred （17）A. edited B. expected C. prepared D. revealed （18）A. witnessed B. traded C. raised D. examined （19）A. dminated B. endangered C. preserved D. stressed （20）A. passin B. hme C. hpe D. help
第二节（共1小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
CHANGCHUN， Oct. 21（Xinhua）-Chinese train maker CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles C.， Ltd. n Wednesday rlled ut（1）________new type f high-speed train（2）________an run n different rail systems.
The train, with a standard speed f 400 km per hur, has been develped t cpe（3）________different rail systems n internatinal rutes,（4）________（make）internatinal rail travel mre cnvenient.
The cmpany said the train can perate in temperatures between minus 50 degrees Celsius （5）________50 degrees Celsius, and can als perate under different tractin pwer supply systems and railway transprtatin standards f different cuntries.
（6）________（base）n the prttype and technlgy, the cmpany is ready t take rders fr custmized high-speed trains and train prducts accrding t the technical standards and peratinal requirements f varius regins f the wrld.
There are（7）________（current）fur main railway track standards arund the wrld. When rdinary trains run between cuntries with different gauges, they need t replace their train bgies,which takes time and effrt.
As the new CRRC train（8）________（equip）with gauge-changing bgies,it can change（9）________（it）rail mde during crss-brder travel, greatly imprving the（10）________（efficient）f travel acrss rail systems.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分10分）第一节 短文改错（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下而写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Tm,
I'm glad t hear that yu are cnsidering make up with Peter. If I am yu, I wuld cnsider a bike as a birthday present fr him.
As far as I knw, Peter is always in pr health, s he shuld take mre exercises by riding a bike t have his bdy build up. In the meanwhile, yu can ften g ut by bike tgether, which is helpful n rebuilding yur friendship. Besides, taking a bike is envirnmentally-friendly means f transprt. It's cnvenient t get arund as well. Apart frm giving him a gift, and yu can als adpt ther means,such as traveling,seeing a mvie, having dinner and ging shpping. N matter hw yu d, being sincere was the mst imprtant. Dn't hesitate, and try t take actin. I really hpe that we can make up and be gd friends frever.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，九月三日从某国外网店订购了2本书，到货后发现一本书有破损，另一本书有缺页。请给该网站客服写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.说明情况；
2.要求对方解决问题。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Hua. __________
Yurs,
Li Hua
参考答案与试题解析
2020-2021学年山西省运城市高三（上）期中英语试卷
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共4小题；每小题9分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项。
1.
【答案】
A
B
C
【考点】
广告布告类阅读
应用文阅读
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章是-篇关于能够带入英国物品的说明，包括可以带入的物品、要被征税的物品和烟酒类产品的起征额度等信息。
【解答】
（1）A.推理判断题。根据Alchl & tbacc allwance表格中"Beer ： 16 litres（啤酒： 16升）""是所有 商品中数额最大的。可知啤酒这种来自欧盟以外的产品有最大的免税额度。故选A.
（2）B.数字计算题。根据"The rate f duty r tax n items abve the allwance is： ●2.5% fr gds wrth up t £630（超过免税额的物品的税率为：●630英镑以下的商品价格为2.5%），可知，一个来自中国的人在美国买一枚价值500英镑的戒指要交税500*2.5%=12.5英镑。故选B.
（3）C.细节理解题。根据"Gds banned indlude： ●meat and dairy prducts frm mst nn-EU cuntries.（禁止的商品包括：来自大多数非欧盟国家的肉类和奶制品），可知，澳大利亚奶酪砖会被禁止带入。故选C.
2.
【答案】
C
A
D
C
【考点】
社会文化类阅读
说明文阅读
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了乡村医生Crtez针对村民感染新冠病毒的现状，结合国家疫情防控形势和村子的地理特征，果断采取措施，降低村民感染率的故事。
【解答】
（1）C. 推理判断题。由第一段内容尤其是最后一句"A dctr rdered his family t bury him quickly, against Philippine traditin, and all eight peple wh lived with him were put under a 14-day quarantine（隔离） in their crwded hme.一名医生命令他的家人迅速埋葬他，这违反了菲律宾的传统，与他一起生活的八个人在拥挤的家中被隔离14天。"可知，Crtez依据死者的死亡检查报告和疫情情况，迅速做出反应并立即对死者的家人采取隔离措施。由此可推知，Crtez展现出了他的职业敏感性。故选C项。
（2）A.细节理解题。由第四段最后两句"Crtez and Balgs are sharply aware f the threat the virus pses t Bambang, which sits in a valley surrunded by muntains. Anyne ging suth t Manila r nrth tward the rest f the cuntry ends up passing thrugh Bambang.科尔特斯和巴尔戈斯清楚地意识到病毒对班邦构成的威胁，班邦位于群山环抱的山谷中。任何向南到马尼拉或向北前往该国其他地区的人都会经过班邦。"可知，Bambang地处交通要道，Crtez意识到疫情可能会对它产生影响，决定采取严格的防控措施。故选A项。
（3）D. 推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后两句"Anyne with symptms wuld be mved t a center set up in the muntains. S far that center has remained empty.任何出现了症状的人都会被送往山区的隔离点，而现在山区的隔离点还没有人。"由此可推知，Crtez建立的接触追踪系统是有效的。故选D项。
（4）C .文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了乡村医生Crtez投身于新冠病毒防控的故事。由此可推知，本文很有可能选自杂志。故选C项。
3.
【答案】
D
D
B
C
【考点】
完形综合
阅读理解综合
说明文阅读
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述科学家们通过研究发现石墨烯制成的衣服在应对蚊虫叮咬方面有一定的效果。
【解答】
（1）D．细节理解题。根据第二段"It wuld be great if clthing culd be used t cmpletely prevent peple frm getting bitten. Researchers tested graphene （石墨烯）， a material that is incredibly thin but really strng, in rder t find ut if it can make clthing resistant t msquites.（如果衣服能完全防止人们被咬，那就太好了。研究人员测试了石墨烯，一种非常薄但非常结实的材料，以确定它是否能使衣服抵抗蚊子。）"可知，研究者做这个实验的目的是测试石墨烯预防蚊虫叮咬的有效性。故选D.
（2）D．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句"A vide camera was then used t recrd and quantify msquites' behavir, including whether they landed n the skin, hw lng they stayed there, and whether they began t draw bld（然后用一台摄像机记录和量化蚊子的行为，包括它们是否落在皮肤上，停留多长时间，以及它们是否开始吸血。）和常识可知，蚊子停留在人的皮肤上目的就是吸血，由此可知，此处"draw"的意思是suck "吮吸"。A. bleed流血；B. lse失去；C. test测验；D. suck吮吸。故选D.
（3）B．推理判断题。根据最后一段"As a result, the number f msquit bites n naked skin was the highest, abut 16 n average； skin nly prtected by cheeseclth gt the secnd, apprximately 10 per five minutes' expsure. （结果，蚊子叮咬裸露皮肤的次数最多，平均约16次；只有粗棉布保护的皮肤得到第二，大约每5分钟10次。）和"The msquites landed n skin ttally uncvered r cvered in cheeseclth abut 23 times n average, and stayed fr ne t tw minutes. （这些蚊子平均有23次降落在没有遮盖的皮肤上，或者被纱布覆盖，停留1到2分钟。）"可推知，研究者们通过比较数据得出结论的。故选B.
（4）C．推理判断题。根据第二段"It wuld be great if clthing culd be used t cmpletely prevent peple frm getting bitten. （如果衣服能被用来完全防止人们被叮咬，那就太好了。）"和最后一段"But frtunately, the number f msquit bites in either dry r wet cnditins can be lwered as lng as the graphene material is imprved t a certain extent.（但幸运的是，只要石墨烯材料在一定程度上得到改善，无论是干燥还是潮湿条件下，蚊子叮咬的次数都可以降低。）"可得知，本文通过先提出假设再得出结论的方式来介绍本文内容的。故选C.
4.
【答案】
D
A
A
B
【考点】
说明文阅读
科教类阅读
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了中国科学家已经使用激光精确识别了地球轨道上的空间碎片。文章对这项技术进行了简单说明，介绍了轨道碎片的相关知识以及这项研究的一些背景知识。
【解答】
（1）D. 细节理解题。根据第二段"The team applied a specially develped set f rules t laser-ranging telescpes, which enabled them t identify space junk mre effectively than previus techniques. ‘After imprving the pinting accuracy f the telescpe thrugh a neural netwrk, space debris with a crss sectinal area f ne square meter at a distance f 1，500 kilmeters can he detected,"Tianming Ma, an authr f the study frm the Chinese Academy f Surveying and Mapping, said in a statement.（该团队将一套专门开发的规则应用于激光测距望远镜，使他们能够比以往的技术更有效地识别太空垃圾。‘通过神经网络提高望远镜的指向精度后，在1500公里的距离上，横截面面积为1平方米的空间碎片就可以被他发现。'来自中国测绘科学院的研究作者马天明说）"可知，在太空碎片识别方面，中国科学家通过将神经网络应用于激光测距望远镜从而取得了进展。故选D.
（2）A. 段落大意题。根据第三段"Accrding t NASA， rbital debris is any man-made bject in rbit arund the Earth that n lnger serves a useful functin. Debris can include nn-functinal spacecraft, abandned launch vehicle stages, and ther missin-related space junk. It pses a significant risk t astrnauts and spacecraft in rbit abve the Earth as it travels very fast-up t 18， 000 miles per hur, which is faster than a bullet. Wrryingly, there are estimated t be many millins f tiny debris pieces in lw-Earth rbit, and tens f thusands times larger than a sftball, the space agency said. Frtunately, there have been surprisingly few cllisins.（根据美国国家航空航天局的说法，轨道碎片是指在地球轨道上的人造物体，它们不再有任何有用的功能。碎片包括无法使用的航天器、废弃的运载火箭级和其他与任务相关的太空垃圾。它的速度高达每小时1.8万英里，比子弹还快，这对地球上空轨道上的宇航员和航天器构成了重大风险。令人担忧的是，据估计近地轨道上有数以百万计的微小碎片，比垒球大数万倍，航天局说。所幸的是，碰撞事件出奇的少）"可知，第三段的主要内容是介绍轨道碎片。故选A.
（3）A. 推理判断题。根据第四段内容"In the study, Ma and his team used tw different neural netwrks t help identify space debris with the laser-ranging telescpe. They then tested this methd against mre traditinal techniques. Accrding t the team, this is the first time that neural netwrks have been used t significantly imprve the pinting accuracy f a laser-ranging telescpe. They say the latest findings culd have significant implicatins fr maneuvring spacecraft in rbit.（在这项研究中，马和他的团队使用两种不同的神经网络来帮助激光测距望远镜识别空间碎片。然后，他们用更传统的技术来测试这种方法。据该团队称，这是神经网络首次被用于显著提高激光测距望远镜的指向精度。他们表示，最新的发现可能对操纵轨道上的航天器具有重大意义）"可推知，第四段主要介绍了一些这项研究背景，即第四段的目的是补充一些背景信息。故选A.
（4）B. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中"Neural netwrks are cmputing systems which are inspired by bilgical netwrks in the brain and have the ability t learn t becme better at tasks withut being given a specific set f rules t fllw.（神经网络是一种计算系统，它受到大脑中生物网络的启发，有能力在没有特定规则遵循的情况下学习并更好地完成任务）"可知，神经网络可以学会更好地独立完成任务。故选B.
第二节（共1小题；每小题15分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
【答案】
C,E,G,B,D
【考点】
说明文七选五
【解析】
快乐的时光与祝贺相伴。为了更有效地表达祝贺，作者就此给出了三条建议。
【解答】
（1）C. 联系下文题。根据下文：When there is smething t celebrate, dn't skirt arund the issue. Explain why yu cngratulate the persn right ff the bat.当有什么值得庆祝的时候，不要回避这个问题。可知C选项：提起这个话题。意思相符，故选C.
（2）E.推理判断题。根据上下文：Explain why yu cngratulate the persn right ff the bat. Besides, yu shuld set the right tne and send cngratulatins with the right wrds t share in the persn's happiness mre easily.解释一下你为什么要马上祝贺那个人。另外，你应该用正确的语气，用正确的语言表达祝贺，以便更容易地分享对方的幸福。可知E选项：如果有必要，你也可以告诉他你是怎么听到这个消息的。意思相符，故选E.
（3）G. 联系上文题。根据上文：Express hw yu feel abut the subject. 表达你对这个主题的感受。可知G选项：在说"恭喜"之后，你可以进一步适当地表达你的感情。意思相符，故选G.
（4）B. 联系上文题。根据上文： Fr instance, yu may say that yu adre the persn wh tries hard t achieve his r her gal, r merely say "I'm s happy fr yu". Remember that yur tne f vice can really carry weight. 例如，你可能会说你崇拜一个努力实现目标的人，或者仅仅说"我为你感到高兴"。记住你的语气真的很有分量。可知B选项：尽你所能表现出来。意思相符，故选B.
（5）D. 推理判断题。根据上下文：当然，有些时候你的赞美不是发自内心的。提醒自己去祝贺别人，而不是嫉妒可知D选项：但你最好尽可能宽厚大方。意思相符，故选D.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分40分）第一节 完形填空（共1小题；每小题40分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
【答案】
D,A,C,D,B,A,D,D,A,C,A,D,D,A,C,B,D,C,B,C
【考点】
故事类阅读
【解析】
文章讲述了人们营救了一只东北虎幼崽，在人类的照顾下，她不仅恢复健康，条件成熟时还被送回野外，并产下幼崽。
【解答】
（1）D．考查形容词及语境理解。A． lazy 懒惰的；B． pale 苍白的；C．hungry 饥饿的；D．weak虚弱的。这只幼崽已经好几天没吃东西了，身体很虚弱，猎人们只能把它抱起来。根据上文The cub hadn't eaten in days可知是虚弱的。故选D．
（2）A．考查动词及语境理解。A．pause 暂停；B． hurt 伤害；C． wnder 思忖；D． hide隐藏。一只健康的虎崽，即使是三个月大的虎崽，在你把你的手伸得离它的牙齿和爪子太近之前，也会让你有理由停下来。故选A．
（3）C．考查名词及语境理解。A． mercy仁慈；B． effrt 努力；C． fight 战斗；D．will意愿。但这只幼崽已经没有战斗力了。故选C．
（4）D．考查动词及语境理解。A． reprted 报告；B． returned 返回；C． guided 引导；D．delivered交付。猎人们把幼崽裹在大衣里，交给当地的野生动物检查员。故选D．
（5）B．考查动词及语境理解。A． taught教；B．nursed 护理；C． pulled 拉；D． trained 训练。在接下来的几周里，奥里奥尔照料这只孤儿幼崽恢复健康。故选B．
（6）A．考查形容词及语境理解。A．energetic 精力充沛的；B． intelligent聪明的；C． excited 兴奋的；D． amazing 惊人的。他怎么处理这只三个月大精力充沛的幼虎？故选A．
（7）D．考查副词及语境理解。A． Almst几乎；B． Still 仍然；C． Even 甚至；D． Only 只有。只有少数东北虎留在野外。故选D．
（8）D．考查形容词及语境理解。A． newly-brn新生的；B．hunted 猎杀的；C． wunded 受伤的；D． rescued 获救的。所以科学家们想把获救的幼崽送回它们的自然栖息地。故选D．
（9）A．考查动词及语境理解。A． expsing暴露；B． sending 发送；C． ffering 提供；D． selling 销售。这个中心是为饲养野生动物而设计的，不让它们暴露在人面前。故选A．
（10）C．考查名词及语境理解。A． place地点；B．rder 命令；C． sight 视线；D． mind 头脑。它使用隐藏的摄像头和栅栏来防止工人进入视线。故选C．
（11）A．考查形容词及语境理解。A．dependent 依附的；B． defensive 防御性的；C．cncentrated集中的；D． keen 敏锐的。这样，动物就不再依赖人类了。故选A．
（12）D．考查形容词及语境理解。A． welcme欢迎的；B． interested 感兴趣的；C． eager 急切的；D．ready 准备好的。到2013年春天，专家们一致认为她已经准备好重返野外。根据上文 In the center, she learned t hunt.可知是准备好的。故选D．
（13）D．考查名词及语境理解。A． cntinent大陆；B． neighbrhd 邻里；C． brder 边界；D． habitat 栖息地。他们为虎公主选择了一个完美的新王国。巴斯塔克自然保护区。故选D．
（14）A．考查名词及语境理解。A． prgress进展；B． reactin 反应；C． appearance 外观；D． habitat 栖息地。在接下来的两年里，研究人员观察了灰姑娘的进步。故选A．
（15）C．考查名词及语境理解。A． types类型；B． traps 陷阱；C． shts 照片；枪击；D． scenes 场景。当灰姑娘经过其中一个镜头前时，它拍下了她的照片。camera sht镜头。根据上文They set up cameras t snap phts.可知是镜头。故选C．
（16）B．考查动词及语境理解。A． succeeded成功；B．survived 幸存下来；C．recvered 恢复；D． explred 探索。灰姑娘不仅活了下来，而且变得健康强壮。故选B．
（17）D．考查动词及语境理解。A． edited编辑；B． expected 预期；C． prepared 准备；D． revealed 透露。然后，在2015年12月，摄像机显示了令人兴奋的消息。故选D．
（18）C．考查动词及语境理解。A． witnessed见证；B． traded 交易；C． raised 提出；抚养；D． examined 检查。有史以来第一次，人类饲养并返回野外的老虎自己生下了两只幼崽。根据上文可知这只东北虎三个月时被人类捡回抚养。故选C．
（19）B．考查形容词及语境理解。A． dminated 占主导的；B． endangered濒危的；C． preserved 保存的；D． stressed 压力的。老虎是我们星球上最受尊敬的动物之一，但它们也濒临灭绝。故选B．
（20）C．考查名词及语境理解。A．passin 爱；B． hme 家；C． hpe 希望；D． help 帮助。这些漂亮的猫科动物有了新的希望。故选C．
第二节（共1小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
【答案】
a,which/that,with,making,and,Based,currently,is equipped,its,efficiency
【考点】
说明文语法填空
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国列车制造商中国中车长春轨道车辆有限公司周三推出了一款新型高速列车，该车可以在不同的轨道系统上运行，极大地提高了跨进形势的效率。
【解答】
（1）a.考查冠词。句意：新华社长春10月21日电--中国列车制造商中国中车长春轨道车辆有限公司周三推出了一款新型高速列车，它可以在不同的轨道系统上运行。根据名词type可知此处要用不定冠词，表示"一款"，且new是以辅音音素发音开头的单词，应用a。故填a.
（2）which / that.考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：新华社长春10月21日电--中国列车制造商中国中车长春轨道车辆有限公司周三推出了一款新型高速列车，可以在不同的轨道系统上运行。此处是一个定语从句，先行词为train,指物，由定语从句缺少主语，可知此处要用关系代词which / that。故填which / that.
（3）with.考查介词。句意：该列车的标准速度为每小时400公里，是为了适应国际航线上不同的铁路系统而开发的，使国际铁路旅行更加方便。短语cpe with"处理，应付"，是固定搭配。故填with.
（4）making.考查现在分词。句意：该列车的标准速度为每小时400公里，是为了适应国际航线上不同的铁路系统而开发的，使国际铁路旅行更加方便。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词；结合句意可知，此处表自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making.
（5）and.考查连词。句意：该公司表示，该列车可以在零下50摄氏度到50摄氏度的温度下运行，还可以在不同国家的不同牵引供电系统和铁路运输标准下运行。分析可知，此处 between minus 50 degrees Celsius和50 degrees Celsius表示并列关系，因此用and,短语between…and…"在…和…之间"。故填and.
（6）Based.考查过去分词。句意：公司以原型和技术为基础，根据世界各地的技术标准和运行要求，承接定制的高速列车和列车产品的订单。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，base和the cmpany之间是逻辑动宾关系，故此处要用过去分词。故填Based.
（7）currently.考查副词。句意：目前世界上有四种主要的铁路轨道标准。根据谓语动词There are可知此处要用副词作状语。故填currently.
（8）is equipped.考查时态和语态。句意：由于中国中车列车配备了变轨转架，可以在跨境行驶时改变轨道模式，大大提高了跨轨行驶的效率。由上文可知时态是一般现在时，设空处为原因状语从句的谓语动词，主语the new CRRC train与equip之间是被动关系，故要用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用is。故填is equipped.
（9）its.考查代词。句意：由于中国中车列车配备了变轨转架，可以在跨境行驶时改变轨道模式，大大提高了跨轨行驶的效率。根据名词rail mde 可知，此处要用形容词性代词，作定语。故填its.
（10）efficiency.考查名词。句意：由于中国中车列车配备了变轨转架，可以在跨境行驶时改变轨道模式，大大提高了跨轨行驶的效率。根据冠词the,可知此处要用名词作imprve的宾语，efficiency"效率"是不可数名词。故填efficiency.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分10分）第一节 短文改错（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）
【答案】
Dear Tm,
I'm glad t hear that yu are cnsidering make up with Peter. If I am yu, I wuld cnsider a bike as a birthday present fr him.
As far as I knw, Peter is always in pr health, s he shuld take mre exercises by riding a bike t have his bdy build up. In the meanwhile, yu can ften g ut by bike tgether, which is helpful n rebuilding yur friendship. Besides, taking a bike is ∧envirnmentally-friendly means f transprt. It's cnvenient t get arund as well. Apart frm giving him a gift, and yu can als adpt ther means,such as traveling,seeing a mvie, having dinner and ging shpping. N matter hw yu d, being sincere was the mst imprtant. Dn't hesitate, and try t take actin. I really hpe that we can make up and be gd friends frever.
解析：
1. make改为making. 考查动名词。句意：我很高兴听到你在考虑和彼得和好。作cnsider的宾语，表示"考虑做"，用动名词，所以make改为making.
2. am改为were. 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我会考虑买一辆自行车当作生日礼物送给他。表示和现在的事实相反，if从句的be动词用were,所以am改为were.
3. exercises改为exercise. 考查名词。句意：据我所知，彼得身体一直不好，所以他应该借助骑自行车锻炼身体。exercise表示"锻炼"时，是不可数名词，所以 exercises改为exercise.
4. build改为built. 考查过去分词。句意：据我所知，彼得身体一直不好，所以他应该借助骑自行车锻炼身体。作have his bdy的宾补，表示"被增强"，用过去分词，所以build改为built.
5. n改为in. 考查介词。句意：同时，你们可以经常一起骑自行车出去，这有助于重建你们的友谊。在is helpful后，表示"在某一方面有帮助"，用介词in, 所以n改为in.
6. envirnmentally前面加上an. 考查冠词。句意：此外，骑自行车是一种环保的交通方式。修饰以元音音素开头的名词envirnmentally-friendly means,表示"一种"，用不定冠词an,所以envirnmentally前面加上an.
7. 去掉and. 考查句子结构。句意：除了给他一个礼物，你还可以采取其他方式，如旅游，看电影，吃饭和购物。句子里，Apart frm giving him a gift是方式状语， yu can als adpt ther means是句子的主谓宾，不需要连词连接，所以去掉and.
8. hw改为what. 考查疑问词。句意：不管你做什么，真诚是最重要的。引导让步状语从句yu d,作从句的宾语，用what,所以 hw改为what.
9. was改为is. 考查时态。句意：不管你做什么，真诚是最重要的。说明事实，用一般现在时态，所以was改为is.
10. we改为yu. 考查代词。句意：我真的希望你们能和好，永远是好朋友。根据上文可知代指Tm和Peter,用yu,所以we改为yu.
【考点】
记叙文短文改错
【解析】
汤姆在考虑在朋友彼得生日的时候和他和好，但是不知怎么办，所以向作者求助，作者建议他买一辆自行车当作生日礼物送给他。
【解答】
Dear Tm,
I'm glad t hear that yu are cnsidering make up with Peter. If I am yu, I wuld cnsider a bike as a birthday present fr him.
As far as I knw, Peter is always in pr health, s he shuld take mre exercises by riding a bike t have his bdy build up. In the meanwhile, yu can ften g ut by bike tgether, which is helpful n rebuilding yur friendship. Besides, taking a bike is ∧envirnmentally-friendly means f transprt. It's cnvenient t get arund as well. Apart frm giving him a gift, and yu can als adpt ther means,such as traveling,seeing a mvie, having dinner and ging shpping. N matter hw yu d, being sincere was the mst imprtant. Dn't hesitate, and try t take actin. I really hpe that we can make up and be gd friends frever.
解析：
1. make改为making. 考查动名词。句意：我很高兴听到你在考虑和彼得和好。作cnsider的宾语，表示"考虑做"，用动名词，所以make改为making.
2. am改为were. 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我会考虑买一辆自行车当作生日礼物送给他。表示和现在的事实相反，if从句的be动词用were,所以am改为were.
3. exercises改为exercise. 考查名词。句意：据我所知，彼得身体一直不好，所以他应该借助骑自行车锻炼身体。exercise表示"锻炼"时，是不可数名词，所以 exercises改为exercise.
4. build改为built. 考查过去分词。句意：据我所知，彼得身体一直不好，所以他应该借助骑自行车锻炼身体。作have his bdy的宾补，表示"被增强"，用过去分词，所以build改为built.
5. n改为in. 考查介词。句意：同时，你们可以经常一起骑自行车出去，这有助于重建你们的友谊。在is helpful后，表示"在某一方面有帮助"，用介词in, 所以n改为in.
6. envirnmentally前面加上an. 考查冠词。句意：此外，骑自行车是一种环保的交通方式。修饰以元音音素开头的名词envirnmentally-friendly means,表示"一种"，用不定冠词an,所以envirnmentally前面加上an.
7. 去掉and. 考查句子结构。句意：除了给他一个礼物，你还可以采取其他方式，如旅游，看电影，吃饭和购物。句子里，Apart frm giving him a gift是方式状语， yu can als adpt ther means是句子的主谓宾，不需要连词连接，所以去掉and.
8. hw改为what. 考查疑问词。句意：不管你做什么，真诚是最重要的。引导让步状语从句yu d,作从句的宾语，用what,所以 hw改为what.
9. was改为is. 考查时态。句意：不管你做什么，真诚是最重要的。说明事实，用一般现在时态，所以was改为is.
10. we改为yu. 考查代词。句意：我真的希望你们能和好，永远是好朋友。根据上文可知代指Tm和Peter,用yu,所以we改为yu.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
【答案】
Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Hua. I'm writing t yu t cmplain abut a prblem with sme bks I rdered frm yur website.（写信目的）
On 3rd September, greatly delighted, I rdered tw bks frm yur nline stre, hping t read bth the bks within three mnths. It was true that I was excited when the bks arrived. Hwever, hardly had I seen the bks when disappintment quickly struck me because ne lying in the parcel was brken. 【高分句型一】In additin, what annyed me mre was that sme pages in the ther were gne. 【高分句型二】Therefre, culd yu please arrange fr anther tw t be sent t me as sn as pssible？ Otherwise, please give me a refund.
I wuld be extremely grateful if yu culd lk int the matter as sn as pssible and get it settled by next week. I'm lking frward t yur respnse sn.（要求对方解决问题）
Yurs,
Li Hua
【考点】
提纲类
【解析】
高分句型一：Hwever, hardly had I seen the bks when disappintment quickly struck me because ne lying in the parcel was brken.
译文：然而，我一看到这些书，就很快失望了，因为包裹里的一本破了。
分析：这句话使用hardly…when…意为"一…就…"，hardly后面的句子用部分倒装。
高分句型二：In additin, what annyed me mre was that sme pages in the ther were gne.
译文：另外，更让我恼火的是另一本书的一些页不见了。
分析：这句话使用what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。
【解答】
Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Hua. I'm writing t yu t cmplain abut a prblem with sme bks I rdered frm yur website.（写信目的）
On 3rd September, greatly delighted, I rdered tw bks frm yur nline stre, hping t read bth the bks within three mnths. It was true that I was excited when the bks arrived. Hwever, hardly had I seen the bks when disappintment quickly struck me because ne lying in the parcel was brken. 【高分句型一】In additin, what annyed me mre was that sme pages in the ther were gne. 【高分句型二】Therefre, culd yu please arrange fr anther tw t be sent t me as sn as pssible？ Otherwise, please give me a refund.
I wuld be extremely grateful if yu culd lk int the matter as sn as pssible and get it settled by next week. I'm lking frward t yur respnse sn.（要求对方解决问题）
Yurs,
Li HuaType f gds
Cigarettes
Cigars
Tbacc
Beer
Wine
（nt sparking wine）
Spirits
Alchlic drinks
Amunt
200
50
250 grams
16 litres
4 litres
1 litre
2 litres
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