2022届高考化学一轮复习讲义学案第6章 本章必刷题——易错题排查落实

这是一份2022届高考化学一轮复习讲义学案第6章 本章必刷题——易错题排查落实，共5页。
本章必刷题——电极反应式及总反应式的书写排查落实1．用惰性电极电解下列溶液(1)NaCl溶液阴极：________________________________________________________________；阳极：________________________________________________________________；总化学方程式：________________________________________________________。(2)CuSO4溶液阴极：________________________________________________________________；阳极：________________________________________________________________；总化学方程式：________________________________________________________。答案：(1)2H＋＋2e－===H2↑2Cl－－2e－===Cl2↑2NaCl＋2H2O2NaOH＋H2↑＋Cl2↑(2)2Cu2＋＋4e－===2Cu2H2O－4e－===O2↑＋4H＋2CuSO4＋2H2O2Cu＋2H2SO4＋O2↑2．用铜做电极电解下列溶液(1)H2SO4溶液阴极：________________________________________________________________；阳极：________________________________________________________________；总化学方程式：________________________________________________________。(2)NaOH溶液阴极：________________________________________________________________；阳极：________________________________________________________________；总化学方程式：________________________________________________________。答案：(1)2H＋＋2e－===H2↑Cu－2e－===Cu2＋Cu＋H2SO4CuSO4＋H2↑(2)2H2O＋2e－===H2↑＋2OH－Cu－2e－＋2OH－===Cu(OH)2Cu＋2H2OCu(OH)2＋H2↑3．用Al做电极电解下列溶液(1)H2SO4溶液阴极：________________________________________________________________；阳极：________________________________________________________________；总化学方程式：________________________________________________________。(2)NaOH溶液阴极：________________________________________________________________；阳极：________________________________________________________________；总化学方程式：________________________________________________________。答案：(1)6H＋＋6e－===3H2↑2Al－6e－===2Al3＋2Al＋3H2SO4Al2(SO4)3＋3H2↑(2)6H2O＋6e－===3H2↑＋6OH－2Al－6e－＋8OH－===2AlO＋4H2O2Al＋2H2O＋2NaOH2NaAlO2＋3H2↑4．LiFePO4电池(负极—Li，正极—LiFePO4，含Li＋导电固体为电解质)已知：FePO4＋LiLiFePO4，则(1)负极：_____________________________________________________________；正极：_______________________________________________________________。(2)负极：_____________________________________________________________；正极：_______________________________________________________________。答案：(1)Li－e－===Li＋FePO4＋Li＋＋e－===LiFePO4(2)Li＋＋e－===LiLiFePO4－e－===FePO4＋Li＋5．高铁电池(负极—Zn，正极—石墨，电解质为浸湿的固态碱性物质)已知：3Zn＋2K2FeO4＋8H2O3Zn(OH)2＋2Fe(OH)3＋4KOH，则(1)负极：_____________________________________________________________；正极：_______________________________________________________________。(2)负极：_____________________________________________________________；正极：_______________________________________________________________。答案：(1)3Zn－6e－＋6OH－===3Zn(OH)22FeO＋6e－＋8H2O===2Fe(OH)3＋10OH－(2)3Zn(OH)2＋6e－===3Zn＋6OH－2Fe(OH)3－6e－＋10OH－===2FeO＋8H2O6．氢氧燃料电池(1)碱性电解质(电解液是KOH溶液)负极：_______________________________________________________________；正极：_______________________________________________________________；总化学方程式：_______________________________________________________。(2)酸性电解质(电解液是H2SO4溶液)负极：_______________________________________________________________；正极：_______________________________________________________________；总化学方程式：_______________________________________________________。(3)中性电解质(电解液是NaCl溶液)负极：_______________________________________________________________；正极：_______________________________________________________________；总化学方程式：_______________________________________________________。答案：(1)2H2－4e－＋4OH－===4H2OO2＋2H2O＋4e－===4OH－2H2＋O2===2H2O(2)2H2－4e－===4H＋O2＋4H＋＋4e－===2H2O2H2＋O2===2H2O(3)2H2－4e－===4H＋O2＋2H2O＋4e－===4OH－2H2＋O2===2H2O7．甲烷燃料电池(铂为两电极，正极通入O2，负极通入甲烷)(1)电解质是熔融碳酸盐(K2CO3或Na2CO3)，正极除通入O2外还通入CO2负极：_______________________________________________________________；正极：_______________________________________________________________；总化学方程式：_______________________________________________________。(2)酸性电解质(电解液为H2SO4溶液)负极：_______________________________________________________________；正极：_______________________________________________________________；总化学方程式：_______________________________________________________。(3)碱性电解质(电解液为KOH溶液)负极：_______________________________________________________________；正极：_______________________________________________________________；总化学方程式：_______________________________________________________。答案：(1)CH4－8e－＋4CO===5CO2＋2H2O2O2＋8e－＋4CO2===4COCH4＋2O2===CO2＋2H2O(2)CH4－8e－＋2H2O===CO2＋8H＋2O2＋8e－＋8H＋===4H2OCH4＋2O2===CO2＋2H2O(3)CH4－8e－＋10OH－===CO＋7H2O2O2＋8e－＋4H2O===8OH－CH4＋2O2＋2KOH===K2CO3＋3H2O8．甲醇燃料电池(1)碱性电解质(铂为两电极，电解液为KOH溶液)负极：_______________________________________________________________；正极：_______________________________________________________________；总化学方程式：_______________________________________________________。(2)酸性电解质(铂为两电极，电解液为H2SO4溶液)负极：_______________________________________________________________；正极：_______________________________________________________________；总化学方程式：_______________________________________________________。答案：(1)2CH3OH－12e－＋16OH－===2CO＋12H2O3O2＋12e－＋6H2O===12OH－2CH3OH＋3O2＋4KOH===2K2CO3＋6H2O(2)2CH3OH－12e－＋2H2O===12H＋＋2CO23O2＋12e－＋12H＋===6H2O2CH3OH＋3O2===2CO2＋4H2O9．CO燃料电池(总化学方程式均为2CO＋O2===2CO2)(1)熔融盐做电解质(铂为两电极，Li2CO3和Na2CO3的熔融盐做电解质，CO为负极燃料，空气与CO2的混合气为正极助燃气)负极：___________________________________________________________________; 正极：___________________________________________________________________。(2)酸性电解质(铂为两电极，电解液为H2SO4溶液)　负极：___________________________________________________________________; 正极：___________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)2CO＋2CO－4e－===4CO2O2＋4e－＋2CO2===2CO(2)2CO－4e－＋2H2O===2CO2＋4H＋O2＋4e－＋4H＋===2H2O