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2022届高考英语一轮复习讲义学案（新教材人教版）选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 People of Achievement
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这是一份2022届高考英语一轮复习讲义学案（新教材人教版）选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 People of Achievement，共13页。
教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．extract n．提取物；摘录vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
2．flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑
3．numerous adj.众多的；许多的
4．theory n．理论；学说
5．relativity n．相对论；相对性
6．doctorate n．博士学位
7．institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗
8．moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭
9．botanical adj.植物学的
10．distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的
11．substance n．物质；物品；事实根据
12．chart n．图表 vt.记录；制订计划
13．patent n．专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的
14．device n．方法；技巧；装置；仪器
15．mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的
2．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
3．objective n．目标；目的 adj.客观的
4．property n．性质；特征；财产
5．boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点
6．liquid n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的
7．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
8．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
9．defeat n．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜
10．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
11．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
12．mostly adv.主要地；一般地
13．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
14．flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动
15．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在
16．infer vt.推断；推定
17．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的
18．genius n．(pl. geniuses)天才；天资；天赋
19．passion n．酷爱；激情
20．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
21．gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
22．institute n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑
23．consequence n．结果；后果
24．encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
25．professor n．教授
26．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的
27．sum vi.总结；概括 n．金额；款项；总数；总和
28．draft n．草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．commit vt.做出(错事或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证(某个人、机构等) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺
2．academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的
3．evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估
4．analyse(NAmE -ze) vt.分析→analysis (pl. analyses) n．分析
5．scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
6．conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude vt.断定；推断出
7．novelist n．小说家→novel n．(长篇)小说adj.新颖的；新奇的
8．politician n．政治家；从政者；政客→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．commit oneself to do承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2．insist on坚决要求
3．come to power (开始)掌权；上台
4．take up a position担任；任职
5．sum up总结；概括
高频词汇来助力
1．feature n．特征；特色
2．fiction n．小说；虚构的事
3．fierce adj.猛烈的；凶猛的
4．finance n．财政；金融
5．flashlight n．手电筒
6．flexible adj.灵活的；柔韧的；可弯曲的
7．forgetful adj.健忘的；易忘的
8．fortnight n．十四日；两星期
经典句式需悟通
1．In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan，where malaria was more common，to study malaria patients.
在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，在那里疟疾较为普遍。
2．Later，the medicine was tested on malaria patients，most of whom recovered.
后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大多数患者都康复了。
3．Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine.”
听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。”
4．It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。
5．He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
他留着浓密的胡须和长长的白发，有时白发挺立，就好像刚遭了电击。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共8分)
1．extract n．提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
2．flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑
3．numerous adj.众多的；许多的
4．theory n．理论；学说
5．relativity n．相对论；相对性
6．institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗
7．moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭
8．mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共15分)
9．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
10．objective n．目标；目的 adj.客观的
11．property n．性质；特征；财产
12．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
13．defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜
14．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
15.insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
16．mostly adv.主要地，一般地
17．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
18．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在
19．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的
20．gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
21．consequence n．结果；后果
22．encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
23．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题3分，共15分)
24．commit vt.做出(错事或非法的事)；承诺 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺
25．analys(z)e vt.分析→analysis (pl. analyses) n．分析
26．scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
27．conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude vt.断定；推断出
28．novelist n．小说家→novel n．(长篇)小说adj.新颖的；新奇的
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题2分，共10分)
29．feature n．特征；特色
30．fiction n．小说；虚构的事
31．finance n．财政；金融
32．flashlight n．手电筒
33．fortnight n．十四日，两星期
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
34．commit oneself to do承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
35．insist on坚决要求
36．come to power(开始)掌权；上台
37．take up a position担任；任职
38．sum up总结；概括
Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共20分)
1．My favorite hobby is reading books and newspapers，which has become a vital part of my daily routine.
2．Though all his friends blamed him，he insisted that he had done nothing wrong.
3．I wondered who made this decision and how they drew their conclusion(结论)．
4．While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences(后果) under stress，their responses to risk turn out to be different.
5．I have to acknowledge your generous assistance whenever I am in trouble.
6．If you don’t insist on what you are doing，under no circumstances will you obtain what you desire.
7．We should develop students’ ability to analyz(s)e(分析) and solve problems.
8．I hold the strong belief that I won’t be defeated(打败) in the contest.
9．Founded(创建) in 1898，Peking University enjoys a good reputation worldwide.
10．It was by chance that I encountered(遇到) my former classmate on the street the other day.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共10分)
11．Committed to education，he committed every minute to studying and teaching，so his commitment finally paid off.(commit)
12．I concluded that he didn’t tell us the truth，that is to say，I came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)
13．The scientist has made scientific achievements in science.(scientific)
14．Through my great efforts，I obtained an academic qualification at the Chinese Academy of Science.(academy)
15．As you know，politics is my main major at university，and as a consequence，I memorize many political parties and politicians.(politician)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共12分)
16．我要推荐你去西安旅行，那里有很多名胜古迹。(定语从句)(应用文之推荐信)
I will recommend you to visit Xi’an，where there are a great number of places of interest.
17．你会交到一些好朋友，他们大多数也喜欢打乒乓球。(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)
You will make some good friends，most of whom are also interested in playing table tennis.
18．一听到这个消息，他难以抑制心中的兴奋，高兴地跳了起来。(upon doing...)(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)
Upon hearing the news，he was unable to control his excitement and jumped with joy.
19．对于约翰来说，通过制作和卖爆米花来帮助伯纳德过更好的生活是一种莫大的荣幸。(honour，it作形式主语)(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
It is a great honour for John to help Bernard to live a better life by making and selling popcorn.
Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
Tu Youyou is awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine because of her discovery of artemisinin,1.which is a crucial new treatment for malaria.After 2.graduating/graduation(graduate) from university，Tu Youyou worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,3.where she was committed to the objective of discovering how to treat malaria.Her team 4.evaluated(evaluate) 280,000 plants and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments,5.which showed promise in the fight against malaria.In the beginning，not only did her team test dried wormwood leaves but they also tried 6.boiling(boil) fresh wormwood.But neither worked.Not 7.acknowledging(acknowledge) defeat，she and her team insisted on analyzing medical texts again and finally drew a 8.conclusion(conclude) that 9.using(use) a lower temperature could make artemisinin extracted.As far as she is concerned，it is a great honour for Chinese medicine to 10.be spread(spread) around the world.
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Using Language部分
Albert Einstein，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，made 1.remarkable contributions to the world.Not only was he a 2.genius in science but he also was a courageous and gentle figure in his daily life.He had a strong 3.passion for knowledge.Consequently，he earned a doctorate in physics in 1905，when he published four extraordinary physics papers.In 1909，he entered 4.scientific research full-time at a university，which contributed to his being awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in 1922.Unfortunately，in 1933，he fled Germany because of Hitler，who 5.came to power in Germany.As a consequence，he 6.took up a position as a researcher in the USA.Besides his scientific achievements，Einstein was generous to those who he 7.encountered on the street.In conclusion，Albert Einstein was a brilliant scientist as well as a gentle person.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
commit vt.做出(错事或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)
vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He loved playing this instrument，and was committed to practicing(practice) it.
(2)He made a commitment to creating(create) a novel，which made us wild with joy.
(3)The most awkward email mistake is usually committed(commit) in anger.
•commit mistakes/murder/a crime犯错误/犯(凶杀)罪
•committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
be committed to (doing) sth./commit oneself to (doing) sth.致力于做某事
•commit oneself to do承诺；保证做某事
•commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺
make a commitment to (doing) sth.保证/承诺做某事
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时读英语，这将逐渐提高你的英语口语。(应用文之建议信)
I strongly suggest that you (should) commit one hour to reading English，which will gradually improve your spoken English.
acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)It is universally acknowledged(acknowledge) that theory should be combined with practice.
(2)Tom acknowledged being defeated/having been defeated(defeat) in the English speech competition，which made us quite depressed.
(3)Professor Yang Zhenning is acknowledged as one of the world’s greatest physicists.
acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as...认为某人/物是……；承认某人/物是……
acknowledge doing/having done sth.承认做了某事
acknowledge that...承认……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的。
再提能力——完美写作·词汇升级/完成句子·背诵
(4)(普通表达)I thank my English teacher，without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.(应用文之感谢信)
(高级表达)I acknowledge my English teacher，without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.
(5)大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有指导意义，并且充满激情。(2018·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
It is universally acknowledged that the film is not only instructive but also full of passion.
insist vt.& vi.坚持；坚决要求
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He insisted on walking(walk) me to the station to see me off，which nearly moved me to tears.
(2)The police officer insisted that he had disobeyed(disobey) the traffic rules and (should) be fined(fine)．
•insist on (doing) sth.坚持要求(做)某事
•insist作“坚决要求”讲后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气(should do，should可省略)。作“坚持认为”讲，从句用陈述语气，根据需要选择各种时态。
再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(3)(普通表达)We can build up our body only when we insist on working out regularly.
①(高级表达)Only when we insist on working out regularly can we build up our body.(用倒装句改写)
②(高级表达)We should insist on working out regularly，which can build up our body.(用定语从句改写)
conclusion n.结论；推论
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He concluded his speech with a distinguished saying “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
(2)He concluded from what they had said that they were not in favor of the plan.
(3)We can safely draw the conclusion(conclude) that more practice is crucial to our daily study.
•in conclusion最后；总之
come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论
•conclude...with sth./by doing sth.以……结束
conclude from sth.从……中得出结论
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子/一句多译·背诵
(4)总之，正是你的慷慨帮助和体贴让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。
In conclusion，it was your generous help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable.
(5)我从自己的经历中得出结论：“没有付出就没有收获。”
①I concluded from my own experience，“No pains，no gains.”(conclude)
②I drew a conclusion from my own experience，“No pains，no gains.”(conclusion)
circumstance n.(usually pl.)条件；环境；状况
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Under/In no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity，which is vital for my future development.
(2)If circumstances(circumstance) permit，I will go on talking about the crucial problem，which is difficult to cope with.
under/in no circumstances绝不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装)
if circumstances permit/allow如果情况允许
under/in the circumstances在这种情况下
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)我绝不放弃创办一家公司的目标，因此，如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。
Under no circumstances will I give up the objective of founding a company.As a consequence，if circumstances permit，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream.
take up a position担任；任职
take up拿起；占据；开始从事；接受
take off脱下；起飞；事业腾飞；休假
take in吸收；理解；收留；欺骗
take over接管；接任
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take down写下；记下；拆除
take apart拆开；拆卸
能力提升——根据句意用take短语的正确形式填空
(1)With the development of science and technology，our country has taken on a new look.
(2)I hardly took in what the teacher said in class，which made me in low spirits.
(3)Li Hua will take up his position as chairman of the Student Association at the end of next month.
(4)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
it作形式主语
It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)It is a great honour to deliver(deliver) a speech to share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera.(应用文之演讲稿)
(2)It is said that a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout China will be on show.(应用文之传统文化)
(3)It is a fact that these national parks have obtained financial support from tourist companies.
it作形式主语的常用句式：
•It be＋an honour＋for sb.to do sth./It is one’s great honour to do sth.
•It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句
•It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋that从句
•It be＋名词短语(a pity，a shame，a fact，a good idea，no wonder...)＋that从句
•It＋不及物动词(occur，happen，seem...)＋that从句
再提能力——完美写作·句型转换·背诵
(4)Apparently，we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.
→It is apparent that we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.(it作形式主语)
(5)I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary for you to know about the table manners of China.(应用文之传统文化)
→I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary that you should know about the table manners of China.(It is＋adj.＋that...)
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．Tu Youyou discovered a novel method to extract the useful substance.新颖的
2．In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria.目标
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Committed(commit) to scientific research，he couldn’t spare any time to go on holiday.
2．Apparently(apparent)，he managed to settle the difficult problem in a scientific way.
3．I had to acknowledge being(be) anxious whenever an important examination approached.
4．Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done(do) something very clever.
5．To sum up，there are three main ways of tackling the problem.
6．From the proof we have gathered，we can easily draw a conclusion(conclude) that he has broken the law.
7．Insisting(insist) that Tom had stolen her car，the old lady insisted that he (should) be sent(send) to prison.
8．It is apparent that the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals.
9．We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.
10．It was quite a while before the wolf realized that under no circumstances could he catch Mac.
Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
1．据说我们的对手(opponent)很棒，所以我们队从明天开始每天放学后都要训练以赢得比赛。(It is said that...)(2019·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
It is said that our opponent is great，so our team will be trained every day after school from tomorrow to win the game.
2．上周末我们学校组织了一次采摘活动，这次活动让我们体验了乡村生活。(非限制性定语从句)(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
Last weekend，our school organized a fruit-picking activity，which enabled us to experience the life in the countryside.
3．我很荣幸能为您提供一些实用的旅行建议，希望能帮您解决问题。(honour，定语从句)
(2019·北京，应用文)
It’s my great honour to offer you some practical travel tips，which，I hope，can solve your problems.
4．一见面，他们就紧紧地拥抱，好像他们永远不会再分开了。(as if/though)(读后续写之肢体动作描写)
The moment they met，they hugged together firmly/tightly as if/though they would never separate again.
5．一想到那只狼的血盆大口，Mac几乎吓晕过去。(upon/on doing)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
Upon/On thinking of the wolf’s bloody mouth，Mac was nearly dead with fright.
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：定语从句)
Madam Curie
Being an extraordinary woman genius，Madam Curie managed to obtain two kinds of radioactive elements，which were 1.vital to physics.It was widely acknowledged that she was born in Poland in 1967.Distinct from other girls，she had a strong passion for science and 2.committed her whole life to scientific research.After graduating from high school，she took up a position as a tutor.In 1891，she was admitted to Paris University，where she achieved great 3.academic performances and became the first woman professor.Under unbearable circumstances，she and her husband spared no effort to analyze and evaluate pitchblende(沥青铀矿) with the 4.objective of extracting radioactive elements.Despite numerous failures，under no circumstances did the couple acknowledge defeat.Using flow charts and summing up what they had studied，the couple finally drew a 5.conclusion that Po and Ra did exist，which was soon spread throughout the world.Their theory，as other products and devices，can stand wear and tear.
In 1934，Madam Curie passed away and the whole world mourned the great loss of a remarkable scientist.
练基础——用定语从句合并下面两个简单句
I desire to take part in after-class activities.The activities can make my school life colorful.
I desire to take part in after-class activities，which can make my school life colorful.
技巧一点通
首先找出两个简单句所包含的共同部分，然后把一个简单句设定为主句，把另外一个简单句变成定语从句，注意关系词的选择。
提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
我最尊敬的人是我的物理老师，她中等身材，有着长长的直发。她既好相处又负责任，这使我非常钦佩她。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
The person (who/whom/that) I respect most is my physics teacher who is of medium height and has long，straight hair.Not only is she easy to get along with but also she is responsible，which makes me admire her greatly.
教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．extract n．提取物；摘录vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
2．flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑
3．numerous adj.众多的；许多的
4．theory n．理论；学说
5．relativity n．相对论；相对性
6．doctorate n．博士学位
7．institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗
8．moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭
9．botanical adj.植物学的
10．distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的
11．substance n．物质；物品；事实根据
12．chart n．图表 vt.记录；制订计划
13．patent n．专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的
14．device n．方法；技巧；装置；仪器
15．mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的
2．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
3．objective n．目标；目的 adj.客观的
4．property n．性质；特征；财产
5．boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点
6．liquid n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的
7．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
8．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
9．defeat n．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜
10．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
11．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
12．mostly adv.主要地；一般地
13．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
14．flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动
15．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在
16．infer vt.推断；推定
17．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的
18．genius n．(pl. geniuses)天才；天资；天赋
19．passion n．酷爱；激情
20．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
21．gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
22．institute n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑
23．consequence n．结果；后果
24．encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
25．professor n．教授
26．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的
27．sum vi.总结；概括 n．金额；款项；总数；总和
28．draft n．草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．commit vt.做出(错事或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证(某个人、机构等) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺
2．academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的
3．evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估
4．analyse(NAmE -ze) vt.分析→analysis (pl. analyses) n．分析
5．scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
6．conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude vt.断定；推断出
7．novelist n．小说家→novel n．(长篇)小说adj.新颖的；新奇的
8．politician n．政治家；从政者；政客→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．commit oneself to do承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2．insist on坚决要求
3．come to power (开始)掌权；上台
4．take up a position担任；任职
5．sum up总结；概括
高频词汇来助力
1．feature n．特征；特色
2．fiction n．小说；虚构的事
3．fierce adj.猛烈的；凶猛的
4．finance n．财政；金融
5．flashlight n．手电筒
6．flexible adj.灵活的；柔韧的；可弯曲的
7．forgetful adj.健忘的；易忘的
8．fortnight n．十四日；两星期
经典句式需悟通
1．In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan，where malaria was more common，to study malaria patients.
在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，在那里疟疾较为普遍。
2．Later，the medicine was tested on malaria patients，most of whom recovered.
后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大多数患者都康复了。
3．Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine.”
听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。”
4．It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。
5．He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
他留着浓密的胡须和长长的白发，有时白发挺立，就好像刚遭了电击。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共8分)
1．extract n．提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
2．flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑
3．numerous adj.众多的；许多的
4．theory n．理论；学说
5．relativity n．相对论；相对性
6．institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗
7．moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭
8．mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共15分)
9．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
10．objective n．目标；目的 adj.客观的
11．property n．性质；特征；财产
12．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
13．defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜
14．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
15.insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
16．mostly adv.主要地，一般地
17．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
18．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在
19．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的
20．gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
21．consequence n．结果；后果
22．encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
23．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题3分，共15分)
24．commit vt.做出(错事或非法的事)；承诺 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺
25．analys(z)e vt.分析→analysis (pl. analyses) n．分析
26．scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
27．conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude vt.断定；推断出
28．novelist n．小说家→novel n．(长篇)小说adj.新颖的；新奇的
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题2分，共10分)
29．feature n．特征；特色
30．fiction n．小说；虚构的事
31．finance n．财政；金融
32．flashlight n．手电筒
33．fortnight n．十四日，两星期
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
34．commit oneself to do承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
35．insist on坚决要求
36．come to power(开始)掌权；上台
37．take up a position担任；任职
38．sum up总结；概括
Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共20分)
1．My favorite hobby is reading books and newspapers，which has become a vital part of my daily routine.
2．Though all his friends blamed him，he insisted that he had done nothing wrong.
3．I wondered who made this decision and how they drew their conclusion(结论)．
4．While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences(后果) under stress，their responses to risk turn out to be different.
5．I have to acknowledge your generous assistance whenever I am in trouble.
6．If you don’t insist on what you are doing，under no circumstances will you obtain what you desire.
7．We should develop students’ ability to analyz(s)e(分析) and solve problems.
8．I hold the strong belief that I won’t be defeated(打败) in the contest.
9．Founded(创建) in 1898，Peking University enjoys a good reputation worldwide.
10．It was by chance that I encountered(遇到) my former classmate on the street the other day.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共10分)
11．Committed to education，he committed every minute to studying and teaching，so his commitment finally paid off.(commit)
12．I concluded that he didn’t tell us the truth，that is to say，I came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)
13．The scientist has made scientific achievements in science.(scientific)
14．Through my great efforts，I obtained an academic qualification at the Chinese Academy of Science.(academy)
15．As you know，politics is my main major at university，and as a consequence，I memorize many political parties and politicians.(politician)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共12分)
16．我要推荐你去西安旅行，那里有很多名胜古迹。(定语从句)(应用文之推荐信)
I will recommend you to visit Xi’an，where there are a great number of places of interest.
17．你会交到一些好朋友，他们大多数也喜欢打乒乓球。(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)
You will make some good friends，most of whom are also interested in playing table tennis.
18．一听到这个消息，他难以抑制心中的兴奋，高兴地跳了起来。(upon doing...)(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)
Upon hearing the news，he was unable to control his excitement and jumped with joy.
19．对于约翰来说，通过制作和卖爆米花来帮助伯纳德过更好的生活是一种莫大的荣幸。(honour，it作形式主语)(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
It is a great honour for John to help Bernard to live a better life by making and selling popcorn.
Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
Tu Youyou is awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine because of her discovery of artemisinin,1.which is a crucial new treatment for malaria.After 2.graduating/graduation(graduate) from university，Tu Youyou worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,3.where she was committed to the objective of discovering how to treat malaria.Her team 4.evaluated(evaluate) 280,000 plants and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments,5.which showed promise in the fight against malaria.In the beginning，not only did her team test dried wormwood leaves but they also tried 6.boiling(boil) fresh wormwood.But neither worked.Not 7.acknowledging(acknowledge) defeat，she and her team insisted on analyzing medical texts again and finally drew a 8.conclusion(conclude) that 9.using(use) a lower temperature could make artemisinin extracted.As far as she is concerned，it is a great honour for Chinese medicine to 10.be spread(spread) around the world.
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Using Language部分
Albert Einstein，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，made 1.remarkable contributions to the world.Not only was he a 2.genius in science but he also was a courageous and gentle figure in his daily life.He had a strong 3.passion for knowledge.Consequently，he earned a doctorate in physics in 1905，when he published four extraordinary physics papers.In 1909，he entered 4.scientific research full-time at a university，which contributed to his being awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in 1922.Unfortunately，in 1933，he fled Germany because of Hitler，who 5.came to power in Germany.As a consequence，he 6.took up a position as a researcher in the USA.Besides his scientific achievements，Einstein was generous to those who he 7.encountered on the street.In conclusion，Albert Einstein was a brilliant scientist as well as a gentle person.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
commit vt.做出(错事或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)
vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He loved playing this instrument，and was committed to practicing(practice) it.
(2)He made a commitment to creating(create) a novel，which made us wild with joy.
(3)The most awkward email mistake is usually committed(commit) in anger.
•commit mistakes/murder/a crime犯错误/犯(凶杀)罪
•committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
be committed to (doing) sth./commit oneself to (doing) sth.致力于做某事
•commit oneself to do承诺；保证做某事
•commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺
make a commitment to (doing) sth.保证/承诺做某事
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时读英语，这将逐渐提高你的英语口语。(应用文之建议信)
I strongly suggest that you (should) commit one hour to reading English，which will gradually improve your spoken English.
acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)It is universally acknowledged(acknowledge) that theory should be combined with practice.
(2)Tom acknowledged being defeated/having been defeated(defeat) in the English speech competition，which made us quite depressed.
(3)Professor Yang Zhenning is acknowledged as one of the world’s greatest physicists.
acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as...认为某人/物是……；承认某人/物是……
acknowledge doing/having done sth.承认做了某事
acknowledge that...承认……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的。
再提能力——完美写作·词汇升级/完成句子·背诵
(4)(普通表达)I thank my English teacher，without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.(应用文之感谢信)
(高级表达)I acknowledge my English teacher，without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.
(5)大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有指导意义，并且充满激情。(2018·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
It is universally acknowledged that the film is not only instructive but also full of passion.
insist vt.& vi.坚持；坚决要求
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He insisted on walking(walk) me to the station to see me off，which nearly moved me to tears.
(2)The police officer insisted that he had disobeyed(disobey) the traffic rules and (should) be fined(fine)．
•insist on (doing) sth.坚持要求(做)某事
•insist作“坚决要求”讲后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气(should do，should可省略)。作“坚持认为”讲，从句用陈述语气，根据需要选择各种时态。
再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(3)(普通表达)We can build up our body only when we insist on working out regularly.
①(高级表达)Only when we insist on working out regularly can we build up our body.(用倒装句改写)
②(高级表达)We should insist on working out regularly，which can build up our body.(用定语从句改写)
conclusion n.结论；推论
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He concluded his speech with a distinguished saying “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
(2)He concluded from what they had said that they were not in favor of the plan.
(3)We can safely draw the conclusion(conclude) that more practice is crucial to our daily study.
•in conclusion最后；总之
come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论
•conclude...with sth./by doing sth.以……结束
conclude from sth.从……中得出结论
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子/一句多译·背诵
(4)总之，正是你的慷慨帮助和体贴让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。
In conclusion，it was your generous help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable.
(5)我从自己的经历中得出结论：“没有付出就没有收获。”
①I concluded from my own experience，“No pains，no gains.”(conclude)
②I drew a conclusion from my own experience，“No pains，no gains.”(conclusion)
circumstance n.(usually pl.)条件；环境；状况
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Under/In no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity，which is vital for my future development.
(2)If circumstances(circumstance) permit，I will go on talking about the crucial problem，which is difficult to cope with.
under/in no circumstances绝不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装)
if circumstances permit/allow如果情况允许
under/in the circumstances在这种情况下
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)我绝不放弃创办一家公司的目标，因此，如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。
Under no circumstances will I give up the objective of founding a company.As a consequence，if circumstances permit，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream.
take up a position担任；任职
take up拿起；占据；开始从事；接受
take off脱下；起飞；事业腾飞；休假
take in吸收；理解；收留；欺骗
take over接管；接任
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take down写下；记下；拆除
take apart拆开；拆卸
能力提升——根据句意用take短语的正确形式填空
(1)With the development of science and technology，our country has taken on a new look.
(2)I hardly took in what the teacher said in class，which made me in low spirits.
(3)Li Hua will take up his position as chairman of the Student Association at the end of next month.
(4)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
it作形式主语
It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)It is a great honour to deliver(deliver) a speech to share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera.(应用文之演讲稿)
(2)It is said that a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout China will be on show.(应用文之传统文化)
(3)It is a fact that these national parks have obtained financial support from tourist companies.
it作形式主语的常用句式：
•It be＋an honour＋for sb.to do sth./It is one’s great honour to do sth.
•It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句
•It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋that从句
•It be＋名词短语(a pity，a shame，a fact，a good idea，no wonder...)＋that从句
•It＋不及物动词(occur，happen，seem...)＋that从句
再提能力——完美写作·句型转换·背诵
(4)Apparently，we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.
→It is apparent that we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.(it作形式主语)
(5)I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary for you to know about the table manners of China.(应用文之传统文化)
→I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary that you should know about the table manners of China.(It is＋adj.＋that...)
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．Tu Youyou discovered a novel method to extract the useful substance.新颖的
2．In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria.目标
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Committed(commit) to scientific research，he couldn’t spare any time to go on holiday.
2．Apparently(apparent)，he managed to settle the difficult problem in a scientific way.
3．I had to acknowledge being(be) anxious whenever an important examination approached.
4．Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done(do) something very clever.
5．To sum up，there are three main ways of tackling the problem.
6．From the proof we have gathered，we can easily draw a conclusion(conclude) that he has broken the law.
7．Insisting(insist) that Tom had stolen her car，the old lady insisted that he (should) be sent(send) to prison.
8．It is apparent that the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals.
9．We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.
10．It was quite a while before the wolf realized that under no circumstances could he catch Mac.
Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
1．据说我们的对手(opponent)很棒，所以我们队从明天开始每天放学后都要训练以赢得比赛。(It is said that...)(2019·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
It is said that our opponent is great，so our team will be trained every day after school from tomorrow to win the game.
2．上周末我们学校组织了一次采摘活动，这次活动让我们体验了乡村生活。(非限制性定语从句)(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
Last weekend，our school organized a fruit-picking activity，which enabled us to experience the life in the countryside.
3．我很荣幸能为您提供一些实用的旅行建议，希望能帮您解决问题。(honour，定语从句)
(2019·北京，应用文)
It’s my great honour to offer you some practical travel tips，which，I hope，can solve your problems.
4．一见面，他们就紧紧地拥抱，好像他们永远不会再分开了。(as if/though)(读后续写之肢体动作描写)
The moment they met，they hugged together firmly/tightly as if/though they would never separate again.
5．一想到那只狼的血盆大口，Mac几乎吓晕过去。(upon/on doing)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
Upon/On thinking of the wolf’s bloody mouth，Mac was nearly dead with fright.
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：定语从句)
Madam Curie
Being an extraordinary woman genius，Madam Curie managed to obtain two kinds of radioactive elements，which were 1.vital to physics.It was widely acknowledged that she was born in Poland in 1967.Distinct from other girls，she had a strong passion for science and 2.committed her whole life to scientific research.After graduating from high school，she took up a position as a tutor.In 1891，she was admitted to Paris University，where she achieved great 3.academic performances and became the first woman professor.Under unbearable circumstances，she and her husband spared no effort to analyze and evaluate pitchblende(沥青铀矿) with the 4.objective of extracting radioactive elements.Despite numerous failures，under no circumstances did the couple acknowledge defeat.Using flow charts and summing up what they had studied，the couple finally drew a 5.conclusion that Po and Ra did exist，which was soon spread throughout the world.Their theory，as other products and devices，can stand wear and tear.
In 1934，Madam Curie passed away and the whole world mourned the great loss of a remarkable scientist.
练基础——用定语从句合并下面两个简单句
I desire to take part in after-class activities.The activities can make my school life colorful.
I desire to take part in after-class activities，which can make my school life colorful.
技巧一点通
首先找出两个简单句所包含的共同部分，然后把一个简单句设定为主句，把另外一个简单句变成定语从句，注意关系词的选择。
提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
我最尊敬的人是我的物理老师，她中等身材，有着长长的直发。她既好相处又负责任，这使我非常钦佩她。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
The person (who/whom/that) I respect most is my physics teacher who is of medium height and has long，straight hair.Not only is she easy to get along with but also she is responsible，which makes me admire her greatly.
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