新高考2021届高考英语小题必练14阅读理解之推理判断题

这是一份新高考2021届高考英语小题必练14阅读理解之推理判断题，共12页。试卷主要包含了推断隐含意义——逻辑分析得结论， 写作意图类——文体特点看意图，观点态度类——依据措辞定态度等内容，欢迎下载使用。

(1)推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。
(2)主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。
(3)推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。
1.推断隐含意义——逻辑分析得结论
【典例】（2020·全国1卷B篇节选）
There are three bks I reread annually.The first, which I take t reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard’s Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble (随笔) abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crtazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crtazar.
What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He lves petry.
B. He’s an editr.
C. He’s very ambitius.
D. He teaches reading.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据“The third bk is Juli Crtazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry.”第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌。可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。
【点拨】第一步 确定题干中的关键信息
第二步 在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围，立足原文，再结合语境和生活常识进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。
2. 写作意图类——文体特点看意图
【典例】（2020·全国2卷C篇节选）
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free furunless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?
A. T prmte guilt-free fur.
B. T expand the fashin market.
C. T intrduce a new brand.
D. T celebrate a winter hliday.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
【点拨】写作意图通常有以下三种：
(1)t entertain readers/t tell an experience常见于记叙文、个人经历或故事类的文章。
(2)t persuade readers/t sell a prduct r a service/t attract readers r visitrs常见于广告。
(3)t infrm readers/t reprt/t tell/t describe ... 多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类的文章，以及劝告类或建议性的文章。
3.观点态度类——依据措辞定态度
【典例】（2020·全国1卷C篇节选）
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tlerant.D. Cnservative.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。
【点拨】
1.注意作者或文中人物的措辞：文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。
(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。
(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。
(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。
2.牢记常见有关作者情感态度的词语：
(1)表示支持或肯定：psitive积极乐观的；supprtive支持的；ptimistic乐观的；humrus幽默的；enthusiastic热情的；pleasant愉快的。
(2)表示中立：indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的；uninterested不感兴趣的；bjective客观的；neutral中立的；nt mentined未提及的。
(3)表示反对或否定：disgusted憎恶的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；suspicius/skeptical怀疑的；disappinted失望的；disapprving不赞成的。
A
Sptify can tell if yu're sad. Here's why that shuld scare yu. Want t figure ut if smene is a patient with a mental disability：Ask them what their favrite sng is. A New Yrk University study last year fund that peple wh lved Eminem's LseYurself and Justin Bieber's WhatDYuMean? were mre likely t have truble with mental disabilities than peple wh were int DireStraits.
Over the past few years, Sptify has been imprving the ability t analyze infrmatin t help businessmen target cnsumers with advertisements made specially fr their needs. They cnclude this frm the srt f music yu're listening t, cmbined with where and when yu're listening t it, alng with third­party data that might be available.
Nw, t be clear, there's nthing significantly illegal abut what Sptify is ding with yur infrmatin. I certainly dn't think that they are wrking with shadwy cnsulting firms t serve yu ads selling a culture struggle while yu're listening t music that suggests yu might be in a terrible situatin. Hwever, I find it disappinting that ur persnal, private mments with music are increasingly being turned int infrmatin pints and ffered t advertisers.
Yu can see where this culd g, can't yu? As ad targeting gets ever mre accurate, businessmen will have the ability t target ur feelings in ptentially imprper ways. Accrding t ne study, yu are mre likely t spend mre n a prduct if yu're feeling sad. Yu can imagine sme cmpanies might take advantage f that. And n that nte, I'm feeling a little dwn abut all this. Head ff t treat myself t smething expensive.
语篇解读：音乐服务平台Sptify能通过用户所听歌曲的类型来判断用户的心情，进而将用户的信息提供给商人，帮助他们锁定消费者，促其消费，这种行为导致作者对其非常失望。
1. What’s the purpse f the first paragraph?
A．T intrduce a new sng.
B．T draw readers' attentin.
C．T help mre patients.
D．T prmte a new medium.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。作者以令人感兴趣的话题引入，吸引读者注意力，进而在第二段中提出主题，由此可知，第一段的目的是引起读者的兴趣，故选B项。
2. Why des Sptify imprve its ability t analyze infrmatin?
A．T prvide services fr the gvernment.
B．T wrk with shadwy cnsulting firms.
C．T get listeners' persnal infrmatin.
D．T help businessmen attract cnsumers.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“... Sptify has been imprving the ability t analyze infrmatin t help businessmen target cnsumers with advertisements made specially fr their needs.”可知，Sptify一直在提高其分析信息的能力，其目的是帮助商人吸引消费者，故选D项。
3．What's the authr’s attitude tward Sptify?
A．Uncertain.B．Supprtive.
C．Psitive.D．Dissatisfied.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Hwever, I find it disappinting that ...”和最后一段中的“And n that nte, I'm feeling a little dwn abut all this.”可知，作者对Sptify很失望，故选D项。
4. Wh is the text prbably designed fr?
A．Music lvers.B．Officials.
C．Researchers.D．Managers.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“the srt f music yu're listening t”和第三段中的“while yu're listening t music”可知，本文主要针对音乐爱好者而写，故选A项。
B
Technlgy ffers cnveniences such as pening the garage dr frm yur car r changing the televisin statin withut tuching the TV.
Nw ne American cmpany is ffering its emplyees a new cnvenience: a micrchip implanted (植入) in their hands. Emplyees wh have these chips can d all kinds f things just by waving their hands. Three Square Market is ffering t implant micrchips in all f their emplyees fr free. Each chip csts $300 and Three Square Market will pay fr the chip. Emplyees can vlunteer t have the chips implanted in their hands. Abut 50 ut f 80 emplyees have chsen t d s. The president f the cmpany, his wife and their children are als getting chips implanted in their hands.
The chip is abut the size f a grain f rice. Implanting the chip nly takes abut a secnd and is said t hurt nly very briefly. The chips g under the skin between the thumb and frefinger. With a chip in the hand, a persn can enter the ffice building, buy fd, sign int cmputers and mre, simply by waving that hand near a scanner. The chips will be als used t identify emplyees. Emplyees wh want cnvenience, but d nt want t have a micrchip implanted under their skin, can wear a wristband (腕带) r a ring with a chip instead. They can perfrm the same tasks with a wave f their hands as if they had an implanted chip.
Three Square Market is the first cmpany in the United States t ffer t implant chips in its emplyees. Epicenter, a cmpany in Sweden, has been implanting chips in its emplyees fr a while.
Three Square Market says the chip cannt track the emplyees. The cmpany says scanners can read the chips nly when they are within a few inches f them. “The chips prtect against identity theft, similar, t credit cards.” The U.S. Fd and Drug Administratin apprved the chips back in 2004, s they shuld be safe fr humans, accrding t the cmpany.
In the future, peple with the chips may be able t d mre with them, even utside the ffice. Tdd Westby is Chief Executive Officer f Three Square Market. He says, “Eventually, this technlgy will becme standardized allwing yu t use this as yur passprt, public transit, all purchasing pprtunities, etc.”
5．What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A．The substitutes f the chips.
B．The advantages f the chips.
C．The places t implant the chips.
D．The ptential risks f implanting the chips.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段 “With a chip in the hand, a persn can enter the ffice building, buy fd, sign int cmputers and mre, simply by waving that hand near a scanner. The chips will be als used t identify emplyees.”可知手握芯片，人们可以进入办公楼，购买食物，登录电脑等等，只需在扫描仪附近挥动这只手。这些芯片还将被用来识别员工。由此可知，第三段主要是在说明这种芯片能够给人们带来便利的优势。故选B。
6．What des the underlined wrd “them” in Paragraph 5 refer t?
A．the handsB．the emplyeesC．the credit cardsD．the scanners
【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。扫描仪只能在芯片离扫描仪不到几英寸的地方读取芯片。由此可知，此处“them”指代上文中的the scanners “扫描仪”。故选D。
7．We can infer that ________.
A．the chips are ppular amng the emplyees
B．the chips have magic pwers
C．the price f the chips is reasnable
D．mst peple suspect the applicatin f the chips
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Abut 50 ut f 80 emplyees have chsen t d s.”超半数的员工选择植入微型芯片，由此可知该芯片受欢迎。故选A。
8．Which f the fllwing best describes Tdd Westby’s attitude twards the chips?
A．Defensive.B．Disappinting.C．Optimistic.D．Casual.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中He says, “Eventually, this technlgy will becme standardized allwing yu t use this as yur passprt, public transit, all purchasing pprtunities, etc.”这项技术将会标准化，你可以将其用作护照、公共交通工具、支付方式等。”由此可推知，Tdd Westby对芯片的态度是乐观的。故选C。
C
Kevin Randall, a teacher, wh teaches bilgy at Grandville High Schl, runs the envirnmental club at the high schl, which has arund 2,000 students. The club is knwn as the GHS Green Team, and it aims t raise awareness amng students and teachers abut sustainability(持续性).It als wrks n prjects t reduce the envirnmental ftprint f the building itself.
One f the club's recent prjects fcused n reducing waste in the schl cafeteria. Randall said their cafeteria supervisr tld them that the schl went thrugh 54,000 plastic frks every year. The club applied fr a financial help, built recycling centers fr the cafeteria, and purchased metal silverware.
And nw every student uses a durable metal frk r a spn instead f dispsables. (一次性用品),“and that's just ne way we're trying t capture the lw-hanging fruit, if yu will, ”Randall said.
The effrts f Randall and his students have earned Grandville High Schl the Michigan Green Schl certificatin frm the state. In additin t their wrk reducing waste in the cafeteria, the GHS Green Team has als built a garden with flwers and vegetables n campus, and leads cleanups n site and ut in the cmmunity. Over the years, Randall and his students have als been wrking n raising mney t install slar panels(太阳能板) n the rf f the high schl.
Randall said he was mtivated t take the lead n envirnmental issues fr his schl because he wanted his students t have smene t turn t in the building wh understands what's at stake(利害攸关）when it cmes t climate change.
“And I als felt like I needed t d mre in my life fr my wn tw children at hme,” Randall added, “They need t knw that their dad is wrking as hard as he can t reduce the effects f climate change, and t spread the wrd, and t make sure that ther students ut there are learning abut this just the way they are at hme.”
9．What is the purpse f the GHS Green Team club?
A．T inspire students' lve fr bilgy.
B．T finish the prjects assigned by schl.
C．T prepare students fr their future jbs.
D．T prmte envirnmental prtectin.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“it aims t raise awareness amng students and teachers abut sustainability(持续性).It als wrks n prjects t reduce the envirnmental ftprint f the building itself.”（它旨在增强学生们和老师们关于可持续发展的意识。它也致力于减少建筑本身的环境面积的项目。）可知，the GHS Green Team club的目的在于促进环境保护。故选D。
10．What's the result f the prject n schl cafeteria?
A．It has changed the utlk f the cafeteria.
B．Students can have mre fruits in the cafeteria.
C．Plastic frks are n lnger used in the cafeteria.
D．The schl has becme famus natinwide.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“And nw every student uses a durable metal frk r a spn instead f dispsables.(一次性用品),”（现在每个学生都使用耐用的金属餐叉或勺子，而不是一次性餐具。）可知，学校餐厅项目的结果是餐厅不再使用塑料餐具。故选C。
11．What's the furth paragraph mainly abut?
A．The classificatin f the prjects.
B．The characteristics f the club.
C．The activities rganized by the club.
D．The future f the club.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段内容，“reducing waste in the cafeteria”（减少餐厅废物的垃圾）；“built a garden with flwers and vegetables n campus”(在校园里建立了有鲜花和蔬菜的花园）;“install slar panels(太阳能板) n the rf f the high schl”（在高中屋顶安装太阳能电池板）;可知第四段的主要介绍了这个俱乐部组织的活动有哪些。故选C。
12．What was Randall’s aim by ding the wrk n envirnmental issues?
A．T educate the yung.
B．T get material rewards.
C．T amuse his children.
D．T make himself famus.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“because he wanted his students t have smene t turn t in the building wh understands what's at stake(利害攸关）when it cmes t climate change.”（因为他想要让他教学楼里的学生能够变成理解气候变化的利害相关的人。）可知，Randall的目的在于教育年轻人。故选A。
D
While we may think it feels gd t cmplain, cmplaining has sme bad effects assciated with it.
Why isn't cmplaining beneficial? Research shws that it cnnects ur brain with negativity. The brain is designed t wrk efficiently. This means that when we repeat a thught, negative r psitive, the nerve cells frm a bridge between each ther t pass infrmatin in a higher speed. Therefre, the next time we have a similar type f thught, it is mre easily passed. This explains why certain thught patterns becme habits.
Yet the harmful effects dn't stp there. A study shw that cmplaining causes the hippcampus(海马), which plays a vital rle in prblem­slving, t becme smaller.
In additin t causing brain damage, cmplaining als releases a stress hrmne：crtisl(皮质醇), a kind f chemical the bdy prduces when we meet with sme danger. Cnstantly having a high level f crtisl results in high bld pressure, high bld sugar, and lwer immunity(免疫力)．
The ill effects f ur cmplaining aren't just limited t urselves:they als invlve thse arund us. We tend t mirrr the mds f ur friends. Fr this reasn, we shuld be cautius abut having stubbrn cmplainers in ur circle f cmpanins.
The best way t deal with cnstant negativity is t develp a sense f gratitude. Just like cmplaining acts as a pisn, gratitude acts as a medicine. Research shws it lwers crtisl levels by 23 percent, as well as reduces bld pressure and bld sugar. It als decreases tiredness and depressin. Gratitude is the perfect cure fr cmplaining, a behavir that steals ur brain pwer, happiness and physical well­being.
What have yu bserved abut the effects f cmplaining in yur wn life r in the lives f thers? Have yu nticed that when yu are grateful, yu feel better all rund? Please share yur thughts in the cmments sectin belw.
13. What d Para.2and Para.3 mainly talk abut?
A. The diseases caused by cmplaining.
B. The decrease f a vital part f ur brain.
C. The bad effects f cmplaining n brain pwer.
D. The reasn why certain thught patterns becme habits.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。第二段中研究表明，“抱怨”使大脑处于悲观状态，这样会导致人们习惯性的悲伤。第三段中表明，危害远不止于此，还会使我们用于解决问题的海马变得越来越小。所以这两段主要是谈抱怨对大脑的伤害，故选C。
14. What can we knw abut crtisl frm the passage?
A. Gratitude is an effective cure fr crtisl.
B. Our bdy prduces crtisl when we feel excited.
C. Crtisl is a chemical that can cause brain damage.
D. Having a high level f crtisl can lead t many health prblems.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Cnstantly having a high level f crtisl results in high bld pressure, high bld sugar, and lwer immunity(免疫力)．”可知，高皮质醇会导致高血压，高血糖，免疫力弱等一系列的健康问题。故选D。
15. What attitude des the writer take t stubbrn cmplainers?
A. Grateful. B. Tlerant. C. Disapprving. D. Skeptical.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段可知，抱怨会影响周边的人，所以我们要远离那些偏执的抱怨者，故作者对这类人的态度是不满的。故选C。
16. Where can the passage mst prbably appear?
A. In a newspaper. B. In a medical reprt.
C. On a website. D. In a radi
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Please share yur thughts in the cmments sectin belw.”你可以在评论区分享你的看法。可知，这篇文章出现在网站上。语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种可以植入员工手中的微型芯片，介绍了该芯片的优势，以及人们对此的看法。
语篇解读：这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Kevin Randall老师在学校组织了一个环保俱乐部，带领学生进行环境保护相关的活动及成就，提高学生环境保护意识的故事。
语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。阐述“抱怨”的危害表现在方方面面，如果要避免悲观情绪，就需要我们常怀感激之情。