初中英语形容词和副词专题课件

这是一份初中英语形容词和副词专题课件，共40页。PPT课件主要包含了形容词，作定语，用法及位置，放在系动词之后，放在宾语之后，词性变换，frozen，dishonest，alive，Canadian等内容，欢迎下载使用。
说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。
a beautiful castle
She lks s happy.
There are many _clurful_flwers in the park.The by is ld_enugh t g t schl.He has smething_interesting t tell his mther.
放在被修饰的名词前，不定代词或副词后。
注意：基数词可与名词(用连字符相连)构成复合形容词，用作定语。 如：a 5­year­ld girl，five-minute walk
2．作表语Mther lked happy when she received ur presents.
一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式。如：
glad,happy,pleased
srry,sad,sure
ready,afraid,able
easy,difficult
系动词有：lk,feel,taste,smell,sund等。
常见形容词有gd/ bad, rich/ pr, yung/ ld, deaf/ blind, black/ white, living/ dead 等。
4．“the＋形容词”表示一类人或物。
The pr dn't have their wn huses.
3．作宾语补足语Yu must keep yur eyes clsed_when yu d eye exercise.
5．☆常见形容词词尾： -n ...的人 -y 充满...的，多...的 -en ...材质的-al 有...属性的 -ern ...方位的 -able 可能的，可以的 -ful ...的 -less 无...的
Indian,American rainy,snwy wden persnal,natural eastern,suthern cnfrtable helpful ,useful careless,endless
anything else?
（1）有些形容词只能用作表语，不能作定语。这类形容词主要有afraid，alne，asleep，alive，awake，ill等。
（2）有些以­ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如：friendly，lively，silly，lvely等。
（3）以­ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以­ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人。 如：interesting(有趣的)，interested(感兴趣的) exciting(令人兴奋的)，excited（兴奋的）
（4）常见形容词的近义词归类。large—big，glad—happy/pleased，clever—bright，dear—expensive，brken—wrn ut，hard—difficult，fine—well，ill—sick，nice—kind/fine/gd/beautiful，alne—lnely
1.Mum has bught a lt f __________ fd frm the supermarket nearby. (freeze)2.I wn't d business with such a(n) __________ man. (hnest)3.The man was still __________ when he was sent t the hspital. (life)4.He went t Canada several years ag. Nw he is a __________ citizen. (Canada)5.Drinking t much fruit juice can be ________ t children’s teeth. (harm)6.We have very ______________ weather here, especially in the winter. (change)7.We shuld save _____________ expenses. (necessary)8.Sme parents chse ____________ presents fr their children. (educatin)
unnecessary
副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。
Hrses run fast .
He never ges t schl early .
(1)时间副词。 如：nw,ften,usually,always,early,then,sn,befre,ag等。(2)地点副词。 如：here,there,ut,abve,belw,utside,up,dwn等。(3)方式副词。 如：hard,well,badly,fast,slwly,quietly等。(4)频度副词： 如：always, ften, frequently, seldm, never，smetimes
(5)程度副词。 如:very,much,still,almst,quite,s,t等。(6)疑问副词。 如:hw,when,why,where等(用于特殊疑问句句首)。 (7)关系副词。 如:when,where,why (放在引导的定语从句句首)。(8)连接副词。如:hw,where,why,whether等(放在名词性从句句首，主要是宾语从句)。
副词修饰动词作状语，位于动词后; 修饰形容词作状语，位于形容词前；修饰副词作状语位于另一副词前。例如：He walked quietly int his bedrm. Yu have a very nice watch. Yu are driving t fast.
位置 (1)频度副词，如always，ften，smetimes，usually等通常放在动词之前。但在句子里如果有助动词或情态动词，则要放在它们之后。如果有系动词be，也要放在系动词之后。He usually has lunch in the factry.The by is ften late fr class.
(2)enugh作形容词修饰名词时，一般放在所修饰的词之前；作副词修饰形容词或副词时，应放在所修饰的词之后。I have enugh mney t buy the bk.He's tall enugh t get the bk dwn.
(3)时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面，也可把时间副词放在句首。They went swimming in the river yesterday.＝Yesterday they went swimming in the river.
(4)方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后，如果宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词和宾语之间。My father wrks hard. Tm speaks Chinese very well.Mr Wang wrte carefully sme letters t his friends.
(5)“及物动词＋副词”组成的动词词组有名词作宾语时，该名词放在副词前或后均可，如是代词作宾语，则必须将该词放在副词前。Can I try n the shes，please? Dn't cut it dwn!
(6)程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动词和助动词之后。I'm very sad t hear that.(7)某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句前。Suddenly he had a gd idea.
(1)说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。The pictures n the wall are nice.(2)有表示绝对概念的副词very，s，t，enugh，quite等修饰时用形容词原级。The man is very tall.
(3)表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。①肯定句中的结构：“A...＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B”English is as imprtant as Chinese.②否定句中的结构：“A...＋nt＋as/s＋形容词原级＋as＋B”I am nt s fast as Lucy.
③表示“A是B的……倍”时，用“A...＋倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B”结构。(两倍：twice；三倍以上：数字＋times)Our schl is three times as big as his.This table is twice as lng as that ne.④“half as＋形容词原级＋as”表示“……是……的一半”。His apples are half as many as his sister's.
1. 规则变化 1) 一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词（或副词）比较级＋er ，最高级＋est 如： clever－cleverer－cleverest, few－fewer－fewest   small－smaller－smallest等。 2) 以e结尾的词，比较级＋r，最高级＋st 即可。 如：nice－nicer－nicest    cute－cuter－cutest     large－larger－largest 
形容词、副词的比较级和最高级变化
3) 以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i＋er或est。如: easy－easier－easiest  , happy－happier－happiest 再如：early, busy, heavy, dirty, lazy也如此。 4)多音节词和部分双音节词,在其前加mre,mst少数单音节词也是这样，如： pleased－mre pleased－the mst pleased    tired－mre tired－the mst tired 5)重读闭音节词双写后面的辅音比较级＋er ，最高级＋est如：big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest
重读闭音节三要素： 1.必须是重读音节； 2.最后只有一个辅音字母； 3.元音字母发短元音 重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音. 如:sit---sitting begin---beginning(重读在gin这个音节上,相当于把gin改成双写的) 像travel这种重读不在的vel,可以为travelled,也可以是traveled. 举两个很经典的例子： frbid---frbidding (重读闭音节,双写) prhibit---prhibiting （重读在第二音节,非重读闭音节,不双写）
注意！辅元辅结尾，但以wxy结尾或辅元辅不重读的单词就不双写，如下： knw snw grw blw flw slw draw fix mix relex flex say stay play buy bey listen visit pen develp
2. 不规则变化： gd —better — best   well —better — best bad－wrse － wrst     many / much — mre — mst far — farther —farthest       (距离远)   far — further — furthest      (程度深) ld — elder — eldest         (长幼)   ld — lder —ldest         (年龄)
用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空。1. Bb is _________ (yung) than Fred but __________ (tall) than Fred.                          2. Tny is nt as ___________  (tall) as Jack.                                            3. Almst all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming lks _______ (fat) than befre.  4.He is __________(clever )by in the class.                                              5. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) persn in the wrld.             6. A dictinary is much _________ (expensive)  than a stry-bk.7. He is _______(bad) at math. He is much ______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _______ (bad) at English.   
~er
(1)表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“A...＋比较级＋than＋B”。The ranges in this bag are bigger than thse in that bag.(2)有表示程度的副词a little，a bit，a few，a lt, much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。It is much htter in Guangdng than that in Jilin.
形容词、副词比较级用法
(3)表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时，用句型“Which/Wh is＋形容词比较级，A r B？”表示。Which bk is newer，this ne r that ne?(4)表示“几倍于……”时，用“倍数＋比较级＋than”表示。Her huse is twice bigger than mine.(5)表示“两者之间较……一个(f the tw)”时，常用“the＋比较级”结构。如：Tm is the taller f the tw bys.
(6)表示“越来越……”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级＋and＋比较级”，当形容词是多音节词和部分双音节词时用“mre and mre＋形容词原级”。It's getting warmer_and_warmer in spring.Our schl is becming mre_and_mre_beautiful.
(7)表示“越……就越……”时，用“the ＋比较级，the＋另一比较级”结构。如：The_mre we get tgether, the_happier we'll be.
Test time 1.Are yu ____ t reach the picture n the tp f the blackbard?A. very tall B. s tall C. t tall D. tall enugh2.She is feeling ______ better than befre.A. much mre B. muchC. even mre Mr Smith _________ the man?A. s strng as B. mre strng than C. strnger than D. much strnger as4.In the exam, the ________ yu are, the _________ mistakes yu’ll make.A. carefully, little B. mre careful, fewer C. mre careful, less D. mre carefully, fewer
(1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/f短语来表示范围。He is the yungest in ur class.Mary's handwriting is the best f the three girls.
形容词、副词最高级用法
(2)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Which/Wh is＋the＋最高级，A，B r C？”结构。Wh is the ldest,Mary,Nancy r Lily?(3)表示“最……的……之一”时用“ne f the＋形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。The pen is ne f the mst beautiful pens.
(4)形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最……”。The Yellw River is the secnd lngest river in China.(5)形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词the。Tmrrw will be my busiest day.
(6)形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。Li Lei is the_tallest_student in his class.＝Li Lei is taller_ than_________________in his class.＝Li Lei is taller_than _________________ in his class.＝Li Lei is taller_than ______________ in his class.
any ther student
the ther students
特别注意：(1)­ing形容词与­ed形容词­ing形容词表示“令人……的”，表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰或说明事物。如：surprising“令人惊讶的”，exciting“令人兴奋的”，interesting“有趣的”等。 ­ed形容词表示“感到……的”，表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于“sb.＋be＋­ed形容词＋介词”结构。
如：surprised“感到惊讶的”，excited“感到兴奋的”，interested“感兴趣的”等。We are all excited abut the exciting news.(2)在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。(在不同范围内比较时，主体可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较)。如：China is larger than any_ther cuntry in Asia. China is larger than any cuntry in Africa.
1. --Where wuld yu like t g n yur summer hliday, Mike? --I'd like t interesting B.interesting anywhereC.smewhere interesting D.interesting smewhere2.As we all knw, smking is bad fr us,_______fr 　　B.recently　　C.prbably 　　D.nearly3. If yu dn't wrk______enugh, I dn't think yur dream will ;truly B.hardly;true C.hard;true D. hard;truly 4. He said he wuld cme t see us ____ the next B.sme time C. smetimes D. sme times
5. Jack is gd at drawing. I think n ne draws ________.A. better B.best C.wrse D. wrst6. It's t late t invite any mre peple._____ , yu knw hw Tim hates parties.A. Besides B. Hwever C. Still D. Instead 7. -- D yu ften g t the gym? --N, _______. I dn't like sprts at B. never C. smetimes D. usually8. --Did Kate d best in the finally exam? --N, but f all the students she did ____ mst careful B. mre careful C. mst carefully D.mre carefully
9. Our family has bught a car s we can travel _____ than befre.A.  mst easily           B. less easily    C. easily          D. mre easily  10. My father tld me a stry last night. It is ____ ne I've ever heard. A.  the funniest          B. funniest    C. funnier       D. the funnier   11. The _____ friends yu have, the ____ yu will be.A. mre, happy         B. many, happy   C. mre, happier    D. many, happier 12. When he heard a cry fr help, he ran ut as _______ as he culd. A.  hardly                B. quickly       C. finally                 D. slwly  13. This place is nt big enugh fr Lucy's birthday party. We shuld find a _____ ne. A.  big                     B. small          C. bigger                 D. smaller