2019-2020学年外研版八年级英语下学期同步讲练测 (7)学案

这是一份2019-2020学年外研版八年级英语下学期同步讲练测 (7)学案，共13页。学案主要包含了根据句意和首字母提示完成单词，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，短文填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Module 3 Journey to space第一节：词汇背默
                地球                月亮;月球                n新闻,消息                行星                 到达;抵达                adv.还,尚                adv.刚才;刚刚                 n.模型                 n.航天器;宇宙飞船                 n.计划;工程;项目                 没问题(用于表示乐于做某人要求做的事)                adj最近的;最新的                prep.在(播放)中;关于                  v.发现;找到                n.宇航员                航天旅行                pron.没有一人;没有一个一点儿也没有                n.环境                pron.那,那个(指代已被提及的事物)                adj.太阳的;与太阳有关的                 n.系统,体系                 星系;(尤指)太阳系                 n.群;组                n.星系                 n.宇宙                n.光;光线;光亮                 adj.(事情)办不到的,不可能的                adv.在远方                联系;交流
随堂练习一、根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。1．There are s______ books on the shelf．2．There is the earth，the sun，the moon and many other stars in the u______．3．We are a______ on the island，but we don't feel lonely．4．She's j______ eaten her lunch．5．How do you change our e______? 6．We sent the i______ to the earth.7．He's g______ to Beijing，so you can’t see him now． 二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1．We all know the earth ______(go)around the sun．2．There are ______(billion)of stars in our galaxy．3．My mother isn't at home．She ______(go)to Shanghai．So my father and I should take care of my old grandma．4．How large is the universe? No one ______(know)．5．I have finished ______(read)the book. 第二节：重点句型1．——你曾经去过杭州吗？ ——是的。—______ you ever ____________ Hangzhou?—Yes，I ______________.2．这个女孩在干什么？What ____________ this girl ____________？3．我花了两天时间到达那里。It ____________ me ____________ there.4．上个月他们把孩子送去了夏令营。They ____________ their children ____________ the summer camp last month.5．他母亲去北京出差了。His mother __________________ Beijing on business（出差）．6．太阳系是银河系中的一小部分。The _________ is ____________ the Galaxy.7．这让人难以想象。It is ____________ to ____________.8．科学家们还在宇宙中发现了很多其他的星系。Scientists have ____________ many other galaxies ____________.9．虽然我独自一人，但是我不感到孤单。Although I'm ____________，I don't feel ____________.10．你读完那本书了吗？Have you ____________ the book ____________？ 第三节：重点语法现在完成时常与下列副词连用：already 已经  （多用于肯定陈述句，句中）                         yet  尚，还，仍然   （多用于否定句、疑问句，句末）ever  曾经    （多用于疑问句，句中）recently 最近   （多用于句末）never  从不   （多用于否定句，句中）just  仅仅   （多用于肯定句句中）before  之前    （一般位于句末）随堂练习用just, already, yet, recently, ever, never填空1. --- Have you              been to the West Lake?--- No, I have              been there.2. I have              read the novel twice.3. Have you finished your work             ?4. I haven’t heard from her             .5. He has              gone shopping with his parents.6. I have              seen him before, so I have no idea about him.7. Jack has              finished his homework.8. --- Has the bus left             ?      --- Yes, it has              left.9. 你曾经去过法国吗？      Have you              been to France?10. 以前我从没丢过书。      I have              lost books before.  第四节：知识点解析1. earthearth为名词，意为“泥土，土壤”；earth为名词，还意为“地球”，通常需要在前面加上定冠词the。例如：The trees and grasses can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 树和草可以阻止风把土吹走。The floor is earth but hard. 虽然是泥地, 但是很坚实。The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。2. reach（1）reach意为“到达”，是及物动词，可以直接接宾语。例如：I’ll call you as soon as I reach New York. 我一到达纽约就给你打电话。When we reached the station, the train had left. 当我们到达车站时，火车已经离开了。【拓展】表示“到达”的词汇还有get to和 arrive in。get to; arrive in; reach的辨析：get toarrive in/at       +  Beijing(地点名词)reachget        + home; here; there(地点副词)arrive    例如：They arrived in Beijing yesterday. 他们昨天到的北京。He arrives at school at eight every morning. 他每天早上八点到达学校。When you arrive home, please give me a call. 到家的时候请给我打个电话。They’ll get to Beijing at six tonight.　他们将在今晚六点到达北京。I’ll get there on time. 我会按时到达那里。
（2）reach意为“够得到”，后面直接接宾语。例如：He tries to get the apple above the shelf，but fails to reach it.他尽力去够架子上的苹果，但是没够着。3. yet(1) yet作副词，意为“到此时，至今，还，尚未”，用于否定句中。例如：      We haven’t heard from him yet. 我们还没有收到他的来信。      I’m not yet sure if we could win. 我还没有把握确定我们是否能赢。     (2) 作副词，意为“已经”，用于疑问句中。例如：      Is everything ready yet? 一切准备就绪了吗？      Has the ship left yet? 轮船已经离开了吗？     (3) 作副词，意为“仍然，还是”，用于肯定句中。例如：      He’s yet a child. 他还是个孩子。     (4) 作连词，意为“然而，可是”。例如：      You can draw a horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year, why? 你能在五分钟之内画好一匹马，然而你却让我等了一年，为什么？      He trained hard all year, yet she didn’t win a prize in the competition. 他全年都艰苦训练，然而在竞赛中却没能获奖。【拓展】    yet和already的辨析：    yet用于疑问句或否定句时，放在句末。例如：    Have you finished yet? 你完成了吗？    He hasn’t done it yet. 他还没有干完呢。    already常用于肯定陈述句中，一般位于助动词之后，实义动词之前。例如：    The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。4. alone(1) alone作副词，意为“单独地，孤独地”，相当于by oneself。例如：      It was too heavy for me to carry the bag alone. 我独自背这个袋子，真是太重了。       (2) alone作形容词，意为“单独的，独自的”，只能作表语，不能作定语。例如：      He was alone in the house. 他一个人在屋子里。    【辨析】alone和lonelyalone既可作形容词，也可作副词，表示“单独一人，无人相伴”，陈述客观事实。lonely只能作形容词，表示“孤独的，寂寞的”，带有强烈的感情色彩；此外，还可表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，常作定语。例如：Though the old man is alone, he doesn’t feel lonely. 虽然那位老人是一个人，但他并不感到寂寞。My grandfather used to live in a lonely village.我爷爷过去住在一个偏僻的小村庄里。  5. discoverdiscover是动词，意为“发现”，其后可接名词、代词、疑问词+不定式及that从句等。例如：      We never discovered how to open the box. 我们从未弄清楚如何打开这个盒子。     【拓展】   (1) discover意为“发现”，指有意或无意地发现已经存在尚不为人知的事物。例如：      China has discovered oil under the South China Sea. 中国在南海发现了石油。      (2) find意为“找到、发现”，指偶然发现或经过一番寻找，找到值得或所需的东西，强调找的结果。例如：      I found the book I was looking for. 我找到了一直在找的书。      (3) find out意为“查明白、弄清楚”，多用于经过调查、分析、研究等手段查出的情况，查出的东西往往是抽象的，如时间、事实、真相等。例如：      Please find out when the meeting starts. 请查一下会议什么时候开始。      (4) invent意为“发明”指经过研究、设计而创造出原本未有的东西。例如：      Cai Lun invented the paper. 蔡伦发明了纸。6. nonenone意为“没有，都不”，表示全部否定，可指人或物，常与of 连用，后接可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可，接不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。常回答how  many/much的问句。例如：     — How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？— None. 一个也没有。None of us likes her. 我们当中没有一个人喜欢她。      【拓展】（1）no one = nobody意为“没有人”，单独作主语，其谓语动词用单数形式，其后不能接of…结构。在简略回答中，回答who的问句。例如：—Who is in the room? 谁在房间里？— No one. 没有人。Nobody will make friends with him.没有人愿意与他交朋友。    (2) nothing意为“没有什么，没有东西”，只能指物，常用来回答What’s in…? 例如：    — What’s in the box? 箱子里有什么？    — Nothing. 什么都没有。7. finishfinish意为“完成，结束”，作及物动词时，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词。即：finish sth.或finish doing sth.。例如：      I finished my homework this morning. 我今天上午做完了作业。      When did you finish drawing the picture? 你什么时候画完那副画的？【拓展】      能接v.-ing作宾语的动词还有：practice; enjoy; mind; keep等。practice doing sth. 练习做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事keep doing sth. 一直做某事8.Lots of scientists are working in order to…（1）本句中的in order to是一个固定搭配的短语，意思是“为了”，后接动词原形构成不定式结构在句子中作目的状语，否定形式是在to前面加not。in order to可以和so as to 互换，但后者不能放在句首。例如：In order not to be late, you should go now. 为了不迟到，你现在应该走。（2）in order to+动词原形和so as to+动词原形可以转换成in order that+从句和so that+从句。例如：He did anything in order to make money.= He did anything in order that he could make money.为了赚钱，他什么都做。Please go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.=Please go in quietly so that we won’t wake the baby. 请不声不响地进去以免弄醒孩子。9. The sun and its planets are called the solar system.are called意为“被叫做；被称为”，是被动语态结构。它的结构是： be＋动词的过去分词。be有人称、时态和单复数形式的变化。各种时态的被动语态列表：时态被动语态的结构一般现在时am/is/are＋过去分词一般过去时was/were＋过去分词一般将来时will/shall＋be＋过去分词现在进行时am/is/are＋being＋过去分词现在完成时have/has＋been＋过去分词过去进行时was/were＋being＋过去分词过去将来时would/should＋be＋过去分词过去完成时had＋been＋过去分词被动语态的用法：（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者的时候用被动语态。例如：My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行车昨天晚上被偷了。（2） 强调和突出动作的承受者的时候用被动语态。例如：The blackboard has been cleaned. 黑板已经被擦了。（3）没有必要指出动作的执行者的时候用被动语态。例如：The Great Wall was built thousands of years ago. 长城是数千年前建成的。10. I haven’t read anything as good as that for a long time.     as good as意为“像……一样好、如……一样好”，用于比较状语从句。第一个as后接形容词或副词的原级。否定形式not so/as…as意为“……比不上……；……不如……那么……”。例如：     I can’t run as fast as I used to. 我跑得不如过去那样快。     Jack is not so/as clever as his elder sister.杰克不如他姐姐聪明。    【拓展】as的用法颇多，现将所学的其他用法归纳如下：(1) as作连词：1)    当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时发生；或某事发生的过程中另一件事发生；或某事一发生，另一件事立即发生。例如：    We walked into the garden as the music stopped. 音乐声一停，我们就走进了花园。   2) “因为，既然”，引导原因状语从句。例如：      As we are both tired, let’s stop to have a rest. 既然我们都累了，让我们停下来休息会吧。   3) “正如，照……方法”，常引导非限制性定语从句。例如：      As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。   4) “尽管，虽然”，常引导让步状语从句。例如：      Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 我虽然很小，可是对要从事的职业已胸有成竹了。(2) as作介词，意为“好像；作为、当作”。例如：     work as a guider 当导游11. People all around the world watched their televisions waiting for …watch sb. doing sth.意为“看到某人正在做某事”（表示正在进行的动作）。例如：We watched some young people running wildly in the street.我们看到一些年轻人正在街上狂跑。【拓展】辨析watch sb. doing sth.与watch sb. do sth.watch sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。例如：I watched a monkey eating bananas.我看见一只猴子正在吃香蕉。watch sb. do sth.意为“看见某人做过某事”，强调动作自始始终的全过程。例如：I watch them get on the bus.我看见他们上了公共汽车。12. have been/have gone（1）have been to＋地点名词，表示“曾经去过某地”，但现在不在那里, 后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。 My father has been to Beijing twice．我父亲去过北京两次。 I have never been to the Great Wall．我从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗？（2）have gone to＋地点名词, 表示“去了某地”，可能已经达到或者在路途中，不在说话的现场。如果havegone to后接地点副词时，要省略to。Mr. Wang isn’t here．He has gone to Qingdao．王先生不在这里。他去青岛了。—Where is Jim？吉姆在哪里？ —He has gone to England．他去英国了。 随堂练习一、单项选择。
1．______ he ______ to New York? If so, he can choose another city．A．Did；travel      B．Does；travelC．Has；traveled      D．Is；traveling  2．The two astronauts have ______ returned from the space station．  A．just      B．just now     C．yet      D．Still  3．What languages use the names of the planets ______ the days of the week?  A．of       B．about      C．for      D．With  4．Have you finished ______ the novel?  A．read      B．reads      C．to read     D．Reading  5．He speaks English as ______ as I．  A．well      B．good      C．better      D．Best  6．He asked me ______ it secret．  A．keeping     B．to keep     C．kept      D．Keeps  7．They have tried ______ water on the Mars．  A. to find      B．find     C．found     D．Finds  8．______ Earth turns around ______ Sun．  A．An；a       B．A；a      C．The；the     D．The；a  9．No one ______ told him to do so．  A．is           B．was        C．have       D．Has  10．My father ______ to Qingdao many times．  A has been       B．has gone     C．have         D．Goes  11．The old man lives ______，but he doesn't feel ______．  A．lonely；lonely    B．alone；alone     C．lonely；alone     D．alone；lonely  12．Kate couldn't ______ her bag anywhere.  A．discover         B．find             C．saw            D．look for13．Zhang Feng is a League member．He _______ the League since 3 years ago．A．joined．    B．joined in      C．has been in      D．has joined in14．—Look at the sign．It says“No Parking”．    —________．A．Sorry，I don’t see it   B．That’s all right   C．That’s OK  D．Sorry，I didn’t see it15．Hurry up! The film _______ for ten minutes．A．was on      B．started      C．has been on      D．has started二、根据汉语提示，完成句子。1．很多航天员已经去过太空站。  A lot of ______ have ______ ______ ______ the space station.2．他们都不知道保护环境。  ______ of them know ______ ______ the ________.3．我不可能同陌生人交谈。   It’s ______ for me ______ ______ ______ strangers．4．宇宙飞船已经到达月球。  The ______ has ______ _______ the moon．5．科学家们在月球上发现水了吗？  Have the ______ ______ water on the moon?三、用have／has been或have／has gone填空1．—Where’s Jim?   —He ______ to Guilin．2．I _____ to the West Lake．Look! I have taken many photos on it．3．She _______ to the park；she will be back in two hours．4．We _______ to the bookshop and bought many books．5．I ______ to Hong Kong twice．6．I _______ never _______ to the beach in Sanya．7．The Blacks ______ just _______ to Chongqing．   I’m afraid you can’t see them． 第五节：书面表达假如现在是2055年，你们学校组织了一次去火星的旅行。在火星上你们到处参观，举行聚会，与外星人（alien）通电话……总之，你们玩得很愉快。请根据上述材料，以第一人称的形式描述一下你的火星之旅，分享你在火星上所做过的事情以及你的感受。要求表达准确，语法正确，逻辑合理，词数在60左右。         家庭作业一、英汉短语互译。1．be up to ________________2．far away_________________3．on the earth _______________4．billions of ________________5．as… as…________________6．没问题________________7．上网________________8．搜索________________9．多于，超过________________10．和某人交流________________二、选择方框中的单词填空。yet   ever   already   for  never1.  Have you______ been to New York?2．I haven't been to New York______．But I'll go there this summer.3．I don't believe your family has owned a truck ______ over 90 years.4．My parents are _______ late for work. They always get up early.5．He’s ______ told his parents about his plans．三、首字母填空The earth moves around the 1.s______.When our part of the earth turns to the sun，it is 2.d_____.When our part of the earth turns 3.a______ from the sun，it is night.The sun is much bigger than the moon.But sometimes the moon looks bigger than the sun，because it is much 4.n______ to the earth.The sun is very bright.It gives very strong 5.l______.The moon looks quite bright，but it 6.d______ give any light at all.The light from the moon 7.c______from the sun.The moon looks much bigger and brighter 8.t______the stars.But in fact，the stars are a lot bigger and brighter than the 9.m______.They look smaller just because they are 10.f______ away from the earth than the moon.四、短文填空根据短文内容及首字母提示完成短文, 使短文完整、通顺。The universe is very big and it is very difficult to understand h___1_____large the universe is. But we know the earth is our home. It is a p     2    and it goes around the sun. The moon goes a____3____the earth.Some astronauts have b_____4___to the moon and scientists have sent many spaceships to some other planets. But so far, we haven't d___5_____ life on other planets. Because none of them has an e_____6_____ like that of the earth.Scientists have also found many other galaxies and they are very f___7____ away. No spaceship has r____8____other stars in our Galaxy.Is there any life beyond(在……以外) the s___9____system in the universe？I think there is still a long way to know that. When I grow up, I want to become an a___10____and work on China's space station.