![第1讲 句子成分与基本句型 精讲精练 2022届准高三高考英语语法暑假专练01](http://img-preview.51jiaoxi.com/3/4/6054450/0/0.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_794,m_lfit,g_center/sharpen,100)
![第1讲 句子成分与基本句型 精讲精练 2022届准高三高考英语语法暑假专练02](http://img-preview.51jiaoxi.com/3/4/6054450/0/1.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_794,m_lfit,g_center/sharpen,100)
![第1讲 句子成分与基本句型 精讲精练 2022届准高三高考英语语法暑假专练03](http://img-preview.51jiaoxi.com/3/4/6054450/0/2.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_794,m_lfit,g_center/sharpen,100)
还剩9页未读,
继续阅读
第1讲 句子成分与基本句型 精讲精练 2022届准高三高考英语语法暑假专练
展开
这是一份第1讲 句子成分与基本句型 精讲精练 2022届准高三高考英语语法暑假专练,主要包含了宾语补足语等内容,欢迎下载使用。
定义
八种成分的用法
【主语】
【谓语】
【宾语】
【定语】
【状语】
【宾语补足语】
【表语】
【同位语】
分析句子成分
1.eq \f(Recently,①) eq \f(I,②) eq \f(have carried ut,③) eq \f(a survey,④) eq \f(amng the students,⑤)in ur class.
答案:①状语 ②主语 ③谓语 ④宾语 ⑤状语
2.eq \f(One day,①) eq \f(sme f my students,②) eq \f(were talking abut,③) eq \f(what we wuld like t be in the future,④).
答案:①状语 ②主语 ③谓语 ④宾语
3.eq \f(Music,①) eq \f(can make,②) eq \f(ur mind,③) eq \f(in a peaceful state,④)eq \f(after a whle day f tiring wrk,⑤).
答案:①主语 ②谓语 ③宾语 ④宾补 ⑤状语
4.eq \f(The meeting,①) eq \f(held yesterday,②) eq \f(was imprtant,③).
答案:①主语 ②定语 ③谓语(系动词+表语)
5.eq \f(Every day,①) eq \f(he,②) eq \f(was frced,③) eq \f(t wrk frm mrning till night,④).
答案:①状语 ②主语 ③谓语 ④主补
6.eq \f(Wrd,①) eq \f(came,②)eq \f(that the mayr wuld pay a visit t ur schl next week,③).
答案:①主语 ②谓语 ③同位语
句子类型精讲
Ⅰ. 考前检测
Task1 句子成分分析:请找出下列句子的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、或表语。
1.She is happy.
2.She came.
3.She likes English.
4.She gave Jhn a bk.
5.She bught a bk fr me.
6.She makes her mther angry.
7.The teacher asked me t read the passage.
小结:句子的组成部分分为:_____、______、_____、________、_______、_______、_______,其中______与_______是主要成分,一般不可缺少。
答案:主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 表语;主语 谓语
Ⅱ. 探究合作
基本句型一:主语+系动词+表语 (S +V +P)
本结构主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。该句型中, 谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语, 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。
Task2 分析下列句子成分,找出每个句子的系动词及表语。
1.Our English teacher is a beautiful lady.
2.The cake tastes delicius.
3.Their bss seems satisfied with the wrk.
4.The ptates went bad in the fields.
5.Deep water stays still.
6.Jhn is in gd health..
7.My hbby is cllecting cins.
8.Her dream is t becme a teacher.
9.The reasn fr my failure was that I hadn’t put my heart int my study.
小结:系动词有:1.系动词be。
2. 表感官的系动词,如lk, sund, taste, smell, feel, seem, appear等
3. 表变化的系动词,如becme, get, turn, grw ,cme, g, fall, run等。
4. 表持续的系动词,如remain, keep, stay, stand, rest, lie, hld等。
做表语的词有: ______(例1),________(例2、3、4、5),____________(例6),_____________(例7),
____________(例8),__________(例9)等。
答案:名词 形容词 介词短语 动名词短语 动词不定式 表语从句
Task3:请用“主语 + 系动词 + 表语”句型完成下列句子
1.他失业了。 __________________________________________
2.树叶已经变黄了。 __________________________________________
3.这个报告听起来很有趣。
The reprt___________________________________
4.冬季白天短,夜晚长。
In winter, the days________________ and the nights __________________________.
5.十五岁他就成为有名的歌手了。
At the age f fifteen, ___________________________________________
6.孩子们很少保持安静。
Children seldm______________________
7.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
_______________________________________in the nursery.
答案
1 He is ut f wrk.
2 The leaves have turned yellw.
3 sunds interesting
4 are shrt ; are lng
5 He became a famus singer.
6 keep quiet
7 Her jb is t lk after the children
基本句型二: 主语 + 不及物动词 (S +V)
本身能表达一个完整意思的动词, 叫做不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、不定式、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。如:
The machine wrks smthly. 机器运转顺畅。(副词)
They stpped t take a shrt rest 他们停
下来休息。(不定式)
He is standing by the windw.他站在窗户边。(介词短语)
Task4:请用“主语 + 不及物动词”句型完成下列句子。
1.我们正在排队等候。
_________________________________
2.我们勤奋学习。
__________________________________
3.他每年旅游好几个月。
__________________________________________________
4.他昨晚很晚回家。
___________________________________________________
5.在过去的十年里,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。(take place, great changes)
_________________________________________________________in the past ten years.
答案
1We are waiting in line.
2We study hard.
3He travels fr several mnths every year.
4He went hme very late last night/ yesterday evening.
5Great changes have taken place in my hmetwn
基本句型三: 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S +V +O)
及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语), 才可以表达
一个完整的意思。做宾语的可以是名词、代词、不定式
等。如:
Mary enjys music. 玛丽喜欢音乐。(名词)
He lves her. 他爱她。(代词)
I want t get yur help.我想得到您的帮助。(不定式短语)
I dn’t knw what t d.我不知道该怎么办。(疑问词+
不定式)
The ld man enjys living in the cuntryside. 那老人喜欢
住在乡村。(动名词短语)
I dn’t think he’s right. 我认为他不对。(宾语从句)
Task5:请用“主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语”句型完成下列句子。
1.我们在368名学生中进行了一次调查。
___________________________ amng 368 students.
2.我承诺以后要把主要精力放在学习上。
I_______________________mainly n my study.
3.这比赛目的在于提高学生的环保意识。(aim t d sth)
The cntest ________________________ students’ awareness f prtecting the envirnment.
4.我们已决定什么时候出发。(set ff)
___________________________________________________
5.我不知道该怎么办。
答案
1We did a survey
2prmise t fcus
3 aims t imprve
4 We have decided when t set ff.
5I dn't knw what t d.
基本句型四: 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S +V +IO +DO)
该句型中的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面, 直接宾语在后面。如:
Tm left Mary a message.汤姆给玛丽留下了口信。
This will save yu much time.这将为您节约大量的时间。
有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调, 这时, 间接宾语前应加上介词t, fr或f。
1.主+及物动词+物(直宾)+t+人(间宾)。如:
He ffered a jb t her.他向她提供了一份工作。
I we my success t yu.我的成功要归功于您。
归纳:间接宾语前要用t的常用动词有:give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, shw, return, bring, pass, leave, ffer, hand等。
2.主+及物动词+ 物(直宾)+fr+人(间宾)。如:
He rdered sme fd fr the tw f them. 他为他们俩点了一些食物。
Mther made a nice dress fr the little girl. 妈妈给小女孩做了条美丽的裙子。
归纳:间接宾语前加介词fr的动词有:buy, chse, get, make, rder, sing, d, play,save等。
3.主+及物动词+人(间宾)+f+物(直宾)。如:
They rbbed the ld man f his mney. 他们抢了老人的钱。
He’s warned me f the danger.他警告我注意危险。
归纳:直接宾语前加介词f的动词有:cure, cnvince (使信服), infrm, rb, rid(摆脱, 赶走, 清除), warn。
Task6:请用“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ”句型完成下列句子。
1.我想为父亲挑选一份合适的礼物。
I want t ________ a suitable ___________ _________ my father.
Chse gift/ present fr
2.母爱给我们力量。
Mther’s lve _____ ____ __________.
Gives us pwer gives pwer t us
3.请在本周末把所借的书都还给图书。
Please ____________________________________by this weekend.
return all the bks t the library
4.Tm使Mary相信了他的诚实。
Tm __________ ________ ___ his hnesty.
Cnvinced Mary f
5.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
Grandma tld ____ _____________________ last night.
us an interesting stry
基本句型五: 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 (S+V+O+OC)
此结构由“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词(仅限少数几个),介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。如:
1.The news made me happy.
2.They made Tm their mnitr.
3.I fund myself in dark. (我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。)
4.He encuraged her t wrk harder.
5.I heard him singing.
6.Yu must get yur hair cut.
7.He used t d his hmewrk with his radi n.
用 it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句型结构方式。即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如:
I fund it very pleasant t be with yur family.
Task7:请用“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 ”句型完成下列句子。
1.我们叫她Alice。___________________________
We all call her Alice.
2.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。_______________________________________________
We all cnsider him hnest.
3我要你把真相告诉我。(the truth) _______________________________________________
I want yu t tell me the truth
4. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
We _____________________________ alud every mrning.
hear him reading English
5. 他踢足球时摔断了腿。(have sth dne)
He ______________________while playing ftball.
had his leg brken
6.他感到很难跟你交谈。______________________________________________.
He felt/ fund it hard/ difficult t talk with yu
III. 练习巩固
Task8 判断下列句子的类型。
She is a very gd girl.
The girl is very gd.
They laughed.
The kites fly in the sky.
I bught a new bike.
He plays vlleyball.
She tld me a stry.
He gave me a gd bk.
He asked me t help him.
He made me happy.
Task9 用简单句翻译下列各句,然后通过适当添加细节和关联词将其合并成5句话的连贯短文,这5句话依然是简单句。
1. 这是我的妈妈。This is my mther. (主+系+表)
2. 她是一个普通的家庭妇女。She is an rdinary husewife. (主+系+表)
3. 刚才她坐在那儿。My mther was sitting there. (主+谓)
4. 她在看电视。She was watching TV. (主+谓+宾)
5. 我感到意外。 I felt surprised. (主+系+表)
6. 她在哭泣。She was weeping/crying. (主+谓)
7. 什么事才可使她高兴?What culd make her happy? (主+谓+宾+宾补)
8. 我给她讲了一个滑稽可笑的故事。I tld her a very funny stry. (主+谓+双宾)
9. 她情不自禁地笑了起来。She culdn’t help laughing. (主+谓+宾)
This is my mther, an rdinary husewife. Just nw, she was sitting there, watching TV. Much t my surprise, I fund her weeping. In rder t make her happy, I tld her a very funny stry. Sure enugh, she culdn’t help laughing.
高考题演练
尊敬和爱戴的人
(2020·全国Ⅰ)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛,你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括: 1. 人物简介; 2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。 注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。
The persn I respect
We have a lt f respectable peple arund us.They may be ur teachers, parents r ne f ur elders.As fr me, my father is the persn 1.________________________(我最尊敬的)(我爸爸是一名非常热爱他的工作和学生的老师).He wrks very hard every day but he als spares sme time t accmpany me and 3.________________________________________________(与我分享他工作中很多快乐的事情).
4.________________________________________________(在学习中当我遇到学习问题时), my father will listen t me patiently and encurage me t vercme the difficulties bravely.He achieved a lt in his wrk, and is 5.______________________________________(被学生尊重).S, in my mind my father is the persn I respect mst and I lve him deeply.
1.I respect mst
2.My father is a teacher wh lves his wrk and his students very much
3.shares many funny things with me abut his wrk
4.When I cme acrss the prblems f learning in my study 5.is respected by his students
定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分
主要成分
主语和谓语
次要成分
宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语
主语定义
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体.
主语位置
一般位于句首.但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语为疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面
哪些词可以作主语
名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,名词化的形容词,短语,句子
The village is very beautiful.(名词)
Wh is speaking,please(电话中问对方是谁)(代词)
Tw will be enugh.(数词)
T translate this ideal int reality needs hard wrk.(不定式)
Skating is gd exercise.(动名词)
The blind and the lame are well cared fr in ur cuntry.(名词化的形容词)
Hw t d well is an imprtant questin.(短语)
What has happened prves that ur plicy is right.(句子)
谓语定义
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态.动词在句中作谓语
谓语位置
一般放在主语之后.谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成.如:He practices running every mrning.
2、复合谓语:
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成.
如:Yu may keep the bk fr tw weeks. He has caught a bad cld.
(2)由系动词加表语构成.如:We are students.
宾语定义
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者
宾语位置
一般位于及物动词和介词后面
哪些词可以作宾语
名词,代词,数词,名词化的形容词,不定式,动名词,动名词短语,句子
She is ding her hmewrk nw.(名词)
I like it very much.(代词)
Hw many dictinaries d yu have I have five.(数词)
They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He likes t play basketball.(不定式)
I like swimming.(动名词)
We enjy listening t the music.(动名词短语)
He tld me that he was a teacher befre.(句子)
宾语种类
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)例如:Lend me yur dictinary, please.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)例如:They elected him their mnitr.
定语定义
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语
定语位置
被修饰的词前或后
哪些词可以作定语
名词,代词,名词或代词所有格,数词,形容词(限观形龄色国材),分词,动名词,不定式,介词短语,句子可以作定语.
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a develping cuntry; America is a develped cuntry.(分词)
There are thirty wmen teachers is ur schl.(名词)
His rapid prgress in English made us surprised.(代词)
His sn needs Tm’s pen.(代词和名词所有格)
Tw bys need tw pens.(数词)
Our mnitr is always the first t enter the classrm.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan fr next term has been wrked ut.(动名词)
He is reading an article abut hw t learn English.(介词短语)
The by wh is tall is my brther.(句子)
状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语
状语位置
句首,句中,句尾
哪些词可以作状语
名词,数词,形容词,副词,副词性词组,介词短语,不定式,分词,句子.
Wait a minute.(名词)
I’ve dne it hundreds f times.(数词)
I gt hme,tired and thirsty.(形容词)
Light travels mst quickly.(副词)
Generally speaking,when taken accrding t the directins,the medicine has n side effect.(副词性词组)
He has lived in the city fr ten years.(介词短语)
He is prud t have passed the natinal cllege entrance examinatin.(不定式短语)
They came ut f the classrm,talking and laughing.(现在分词)
Mr Black came back drunk that night.(过去分词)
Once yu begin, yu must cntinue.(句子)
状语种类
时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,条件状语,方式状语,比较状语,让步状语,目的状语,结果状语,伴随状语
Hw abut meeting again at six(时间状语)
Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain.(原因状语)
I shall g there if it desn’t rain.(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives n the third flr.(地点状语)
She put the eggs int the basket with great care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictinary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In rder t catch up with the thers, I must wrk harder.(目的状语)
He was s tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She wrks very hard thugh she is ld.(让步状语)
I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
宾语补足语定义
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整.这种宾语补语就是宾语补足语.
宾语补足语位置
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)
哪些词可以作宾语
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和句子充当
His father named him Dngming.(名词)
They painted their bat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
Yu mustn’t frce him t lend his mney t yu.(不定式)
We saw her entering the rm.(现在分词)
I had my bike repaired yesterday.(过去分词)
We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.(介词短语)
We will sn make ur city what yur city is nw.(句子)
表语定义
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态
表语位置
它一般位于系动词(如be, becme, get, lk, grw, turn, seem等)之后.
哪些词可以作表语
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及句子表示
Our teacher f English is an American.(名词)
Is it yurs(代词)
The weather has turned cld.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty ne(数词)
His jb is t teach English.(不定式)
His hbby(爱好)is playing ftball.(动名词)
The machine must be ut f rder.(介词短语)
Time is up. The class is ver.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abrad.(表语从句)
定义
一个名词(其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明,这个词(或其它形式)就是同位语
位置
同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起
充当同位语的词
名词,动名词,不定式,形容词,
名词短语,动名词短语,不定式短语,介词短语,形容词短语
直接引语,句子
Mr wang,my child’s teacher,will be visiting us n Tuesday.(名词)
I,the ldest girl in the family,always had t care fr the ther children.(名词短语)
He enjys the exercise,swimming in winter.(动名词)
Asking him t jin us,that’s a gd ides.(动名词短语)
Their aspiratin,t becme free and independent,is deserving f every kind f help frm us.(不定式)
The questin what t d next hasn’t been cnsidered.(不定式短语)
As the head f the cmpany,he had t explain what had happened.(介词短语)
He,shrt and thin,is unfit fr the jb.(形容词)
All the cuntries,big r small,are equal.(形容词短语)
But nw the questin cmes t their minds,“Did she die yung because she was a clne”(直接引语)
The girl were surprised at the fact that cean ships can sail up the Great lakes.(句子)
定义
八种成分的用法
【主语】
【谓语】
【宾语】
【定语】
【状语】
【宾语补足语】
【表语】
【同位语】
分析句子成分
1.eq \f(Recently,①) eq \f(I,②) eq \f(have carried ut,③) eq \f(a survey,④) eq \f(amng the students,⑤)in ur class.
答案:①状语 ②主语 ③谓语 ④宾语 ⑤状语
2.eq \f(One day,①) eq \f(sme f my students,②) eq \f(were talking abut,③) eq \f(what we wuld like t be in the future,④).
答案:①状语 ②主语 ③谓语 ④宾语
3.eq \f(Music,①) eq \f(can make,②) eq \f(ur mind,③) eq \f(in a peaceful state,④)eq \f(after a whle day f tiring wrk,⑤).
答案:①主语 ②谓语 ③宾语 ④宾补 ⑤状语
4.eq \f(The meeting,①) eq \f(held yesterday,②) eq \f(was imprtant,③).
答案:①主语 ②定语 ③谓语(系动词+表语)
5.eq \f(Every day,①) eq \f(he,②) eq \f(was frced,③) eq \f(t wrk frm mrning till night,④).
答案:①状语 ②主语 ③谓语 ④主补
6.eq \f(Wrd,①) eq \f(came,②)eq \f(that the mayr wuld pay a visit t ur schl next week,③).
答案:①主语 ②谓语 ③同位语
句子类型精讲
Ⅰ. 考前检测
Task1 句子成分分析:请找出下列句子的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、或表语。
1.She is happy.
2.She came.
3.She likes English.
4.She gave Jhn a bk.
5.She bught a bk fr me.
6.She makes her mther angry.
7.The teacher asked me t read the passage.
小结:句子的组成部分分为:_____、______、_____、________、_______、_______、_______,其中______与_______是主要成分,一般不可缺少。
答案:主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 表语;主语 谓语
Ⅱ. 探究合作
基本句型一:主语+系动词+表语 (S +V +P)
本结构主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。该句型中, 谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语, 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。
Task2 分析下列句子成分,找出每个句子的系动词及表语。
1.Our English teacher is a beautiful lady.
2.The cake tastes delicius.
3.Their bss seems satisfied with the wrk.
4.The ptates went bad in the fields.
5.Deep water stays still.
6.Jhn is in gd health..
7.My hbby is cllecting cins.
8.Her dream is t becme a teacher.
9.The reasn fr my failure was that I hadn’t put my heart int my study.
小结:系动词有:1.系动词be。
2. 表感官的系动词,如lk, sund, taste, smell, feel, seem, appear等
3. 表变化的系动词,如becme, get, turn, grw ,cme, g, fall, run等。
4. 表持续的系动词,如remain, keep, stay, stand, rest, lie, hld等。
做表语的词有: ______(例1),________(例2、3、4、5),____________(例6),_____________(例7),
____________(例8),__________(例9)等。
答案:名词 形容词 介词短语 动名词短语 动词不定式 表语从句
Task3:请用“主语 + 系动词 + 表语”句型完成下列句子
1.他失业了。 __________________________________________
2.树叶已经变黄了。 __________________________________________
3.这个报告听起来很有趣。
The reprt___________________________________
4.冬季白天短,夜晚长。
In winter, the days________________ and the nights __________________________.
5.十五岁他就成为有名的歌手了。
At the age f fifteen, ___________________________________________
6.孩子们很少保持安静。
Children seldm______________________
7.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
_______________________________________in the nursery.
答案
1 He is ut f wrk.
2 The leaves have turned yellw.
3 sunds interesting
4 are shrt ; are lng
5 He became a famus singer.
6 keep quiet
7 Her jb is t lk after the children
基本句型二: 主语 + 不及物动词 (S +V)
本身能表达一个完整意思的动词, 叫做不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、不定式、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。如:
The machine wrks smthly. 机器运转顺畅。(副词)
They stpped t take a shrt rest 他们停
下来休息。(不定式)
He is standing by the windw.他站在窗户边。(介词短语)
Task4:请用“主语 + 不及物动词”句型完成下列句子。
1.我们正在排队等候。
_________________________________
2.我们勤奋学习。
__________________________________
3.他每年旅游好几个月。
__________________________________________________
4.他昨晚很晚回家。
___________________________________________________
5.在过去的十年里,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。(take place, great changes)
_________________________________________________________in the past ten years.
答案
1We are waiting in line.
2We study hard.
3He travels fr several mnths every year.
4He went hme very late last night/ yesterday evening.
5Great changes have taken place in my hmetwn
基本句型三: 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S +V +O)
及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语), 才可以表达
一个完整的意思。做宾语的可以是名词、代词、不定式
等。如:
Mary enjys music. 玛丽喜欢音乐。(名词)
He lves her. 他爱她。(代词)
I want t get yur help.我想得到您的帮助。(不定式短语)
I dn’t knw what t d.我不知道该怎么办。(疑问词+
不定式)
The ld man enjys living in the cuntryside. 那老人喜欢
住在乡村。(动名词短语)
I dn’t think he’s right. 我认为他不对。(宾语从句)
Task5:请用“主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语”句型完成下列句子。
1.我们在368名学生中进行了一次调查。
___________________________ amng 368 students.
2.我承诺以后要把主要精力放在学习上。
I_______________________mainly n my study.
3.这比赛目的在于提高学生的环保意识。(aim t d sth)
The cntest ________________________ students’ awareness f prtecting the envirnment.
4.我们已决定什么时候出发。(set ff)
___________________________________________________
5.我不知道该怎么办。
答案
1We did a survey
2prmise t fcus
3 aims t imprve
4 We have decided when t set ff.
5I dn't knw what t d.
基本句型四: 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S +V +IO +DO)
该句型中的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面, 直接宾语在后面。如:
Tm left Mary a message.汤姆给玛丽留下了口信。
This will save yu much time.这将为您节约大量的时间。
有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调, 这时, 间接宾语前应加上介词t, fr或f。
1.主+及物动词+物(直宾)+t+人(间宾)。如:
He ffered a jb t her.他向她提供了一份工作。
I we my success t yu.我的成功要归功于您。
归纳:间接宾语前要用t的常用动词有:give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, shw, return, bring, pass, leave, ffer, hand等。
2.主+及物动词+ 物(直宾)+fr+人(间宾)。如:
He rdered sme fd fr the tw f them. 他为他们俩点了一些食物。
Mther made a nice dress fr the little girl. 妈妈给小女孩做了条美丽的裙子。
归纳:间接宾语前加介词fr的动词有:buy, chse, get, make, rder, sing, d, play,save等。
3.主+及物动词+人(间宾)+f+物(直宾)。如:
They rbbed the ld man f his mney. 他们抢了老人的钱。
He’s warned me f the danger.他警告我注意危险。
归纳:直接宾语前加介词f的动词有:cure, cnvince (使信服), infrm, rb, rid(摆脱, 赶走, 清除), warn。
Task6:请用“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ”句型完成下列句子。
1.我想为父亲挑选一份合适的礼物。
I want t ________ a suitable ___________ _________ my father.
Chse gift/ present fr
2.母爱给我们力量。
Mther’s lve _____ ____ __________.
Gives us pwer gives pwer t us
3.请在本周末把所借的书都还给图书。
Please ____________________________________by this weekend.
return all the bks t the library
4.Tm使Mary相信了他的诚实。
Tm __________ ________ ___ his hnesty.
Cnvinced Mary f
5.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
Grandma tld ____ _____________________ last night.
us an interesting stry
基本句型五: 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 (S+V+O+OC)
此结构由“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词(仅限少数几个),介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。如:
1.The news made me happy.
2.They made Tm their mnitr.
3.I fund myself in dark. (我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。)
4.He encuraged her t wrk harder.
5.I heard him singing.
6.Yu must get yur hair cut.
7.He used t d his hmewrk with his radi n.
用 it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句型结构方式。即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如:
I fund it very pleasant t be with yur family.
Task7:请用“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 ”句型完成下列句子。
1.我们叫她Alice。___________________________
We all call her Alice.
2.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。_______________________________________________
We all cnsider him hnest.
3我要你把真相告诉我。(the truth) _______________________________________________
I want yu t tell me the truth
4. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
We _____________________________ alud every mrning.
hear him reading English
5. 他踢足球时摔断了腿。(have sth dne)
He ______________________while playing ftball.
had his leg brken
6.他感到很难跟你交谈。______________________________________________.
He felt/ fund it hard/ difficult t talk with yu
III. 练习巩固
Task8 判断下列句子的类型。
She is a very gd girl.
The girl is very gd.
They laughed.
The kites fly in the sky.
I bught a new bike.
He plays vlleyball.
She tld me a stry.
He gave me a gd bk.
He asked me t help him.
He made me happy.
Task9 用简单句翻译下列各句,然后通过适当添加细节和关联词将其合并成5句话的连贯短文,这5句话依然是简单句。
1. 这是我的妈妈。This is my mther. (主+系+表)
2. 她是一个普通的家庭妇女。She is an rdinary husewife. (主+系+表)
3. 刚才她坐在那儿。My mther was sitting there. (主+谓)
4. 她在看电视。She was watching TV. (主+谓+宾)
5. 我感到意外。 I felt surprised. (主+系+表)
6. 她在哭泣。She was weeping/crying. (主+谓)
7. 什么事才可使她高兴?What culd make her happy? (主+谓+宾+宾补)
8. 我给她讲了一个滑稽可笑的故事。I tld her a very funny stry. (主+谓+双宾)
9. 她情不自禁地笑了起来。She culdn’t help laughing. (主+谓+宾)
This is my mther, an rdinary husewife. Just nw, she was sitting there, watching TV. Much t my surprise, I fund her weeping. In rder t make her happy, I tld her a very funny stry. Sure enugh, she culdn’t help laughing.
高考题演练
尊敬和爱戴的人
(2020·全国Ⅰ)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛,你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括: 1. 人物简介; 2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。 注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。
The persn I respect
We have a lt f respectable peple arund us.They may be ur teachers, parents r ne f ur elders.As fr me, my father is the persn 1.________________________(我最尊敬的)(我爸爸是一名非常热爱他的工作和学生的老师).He wrks very hard every day but he als spares sme time t accmpany me and 3.________________________________________________(与我分享他工作中很多快乐的事情).
4.________________________________________________(在学习中当我遇到学习问题时), my father will listen t me patiently and encurage me t vercme the difficulties bravely.He achieved a lt in his wrk, and is 5.______________________________________(被学生尊重).S, in my mind my father is the persn I respect mst and I lve him deeply.
1.I respect mst
2.My father is a teacher wh lves his wrk and his students very much
3.shares many funny things with me abut his wrk
4.When I cme acrss the prblems f learning in my study 5.is respected by his students
定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分
主要成分
主语和谓语
次要成分
宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语
主语定义
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体.
主语位置
一般位于句首.但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语为疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面
哪些词可以作主语
名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,名词化的形容词,短语,句子
The village is very beautiful.(名词)
Wh is speaking,please(电话中问对方是谁)(代词)
Tw will be enugh.(数词)
T translate this ideal int reality needs hard wrk.(不定式)
Skating is gd exercise.(动名词)
The blind and the lame are well cared fr in ur cuntry.(名词化的形容词)
Hw t d well is an imprtant questin.(短语)
What has happened prves that ur plicy is right.(句子)
谓语定义
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态.动词在句中作谓语
谓语位置
一般放在主语之后.谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成.如:He practices running every mrning.
2、复合谓语:
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成.
如:Yu may keep the bk fr tw weeks. He has caught a bad cld.
(2)由系动词加表语构成.如:We are students.
宾语定义
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者
宾语位置
一般位于及物动词和介词后面
哪些词可以作宾语
名词,代词,数词,名词化的形容词,不定式,动名词,动名词短语,句子
She is ding her hmewrk nw.(名词)
I like it very much.(代词)
Hw many dictinaries d yu have I have five.(数词)
They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He likes t play basketball.(不定式)
I like swimming.(动名词)
We enjy listening t the music.(动名词短语)
He tld me that he was a teacher befre.(句子)
宾语种类
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)例如:Lend me yur dictinary, please.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)例如:They elected him their mnitr.
定语定义
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语
定语位置
被修饰的词前或后
哪些词可以作定语
名词,代词,名词或代词所有格,数词,形容词(限观形龄色国材),分词,动名词,不定式,介词短语,句子可以作定语.
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a develping cuntry; America is a develped cuntry.(分词)
There are thirty wmen teachers is ur schl.(名词)
His rapid prgress in English made us surprised.(代词)
His sn needs Tm’s pen.(代词和名词所有格)
Tw bys need tw pens.(数词)
Our mnitr is always the first t enter the classrm.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan fr next term has been wrked ut.(动名词)
He is reading an article abut hw t learn English.(介词短语)
The by wh is tall is my brther.(句子)
状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语
状语位置
句首,句中,句尾
哪些词可以作状语
名词,数词,形容词,副词,副词性词组,介词短语,不定式,分词,句子.
Wait a minute.(名词)
I’ve dne it hundreds f times.(数词)
I gt hme,tired and thirsty.(形容词)
Light travels mst quickly.(副词)
Generally speaking,when taken accrding t the directins,the medicine has n side effect.(副词性词组)
He has lived in the city fr ten years.(介词短语)
He is prud t have passed the natinal cllege entrance examinatin.(不定式短语)
They came ut f the classrm,talking and laughing.(现在分词)
Mr Black came back drunk that night.(过去分词)
Once yu begin, yu must cntinue.(句子)
状语种类
时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,条件状语,方式状语,比较状语,让步状语,目的状语,结果状语,伴随状语
Hw abut meeting again at six(时间状语)
Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain.(原因状语)
I shall g there if it desn’t rain.(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives n the third flr.(地点状语)
She put the eggs int the basket with great care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictinary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In rder t catch up with the thers, I must wrk harder.(目的状语)
He was s tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She wrks very hard thugh she is ld.(让步状语)
I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
宾语补足语定义
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整.这种宾语补语就是宾语补足语.
宾语补足语位置
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)
哪些词可以作宾语
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和句子充当
His father named him Dngming.(名词)
They painted their bat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
Yu mustn’t frce him t lend his mney t yu.(不定式)
We saw her entering the rm.(现在分词)
I had my bike repaired yesterday.(过去分词)
We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.(介词短语)
We will sn make ur city what yur city is nw.(句子)
表语定义
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态
表语位置
它一般位于系动词(如be, becme, get, lk, grw, turn, seem等)之后.
哪些词可以作表语
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及句子表示
Our teacher f English is an American.(名词)
Is it yurs(代词)
The weather has turned cld.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty ne(数词)
His jb is t teach English.(不定式)
His hbby(爱好)is playing ftball.(动名词)
The machine must be ut f rder.(介词短语)
Time is up. The class is ver.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abrad.(表语从句)
定义
一个名词(其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明,这个词(或其它形式)就是同位语
位置
同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起
充当同位语的词
名词,动名词,不定式,形容词,
名词短语,动名词短语,不定式短语,介词短语,形容词短语
直接引语,句子
Mr wang,my child’s teacher,will be visiting us n Tuesday.(名词)
I,the ldest girl in the family,always had t care fr the ther children.(名词短语)
He enjys the exercise,swimming in winter.(动名词)
Asking him t jin us,that’s a gd ides.(动名词短语)
Their aspiratin,t becme free and independent,is deserving f every kind f help frm us.(不定式)
The questin what t d next hasn’t been cnsidered.(不定式短语)
As the head f the cmpany,he had t explain what had happened.(介词短语)
He,shrt and thin,is unfit fr the jb.(形容词)
All the cuntries,big r small,are equal.(形容词短语)
But nw the questin cmes t their minds,“Did she die yung because she was a clne”(直接引语)
The girl were surprised at the fact that cean ships can sail up the Great lakes.(句子)
相关资料
更多