【尖子生暑假拔高】初中英语专题讲义:3数词(教师版+学生版)
展开课程主题:3数词
学习目标
1.掌握常用基数词、序数词的拼写规则。
2.掌握日期、年份、时间、钟点、分数的基本表达。
3.教学建议
数词是英语中必不可少的一种词汇,包括基数词和序数词两种。上海中考对数词的考查的主要集中在词性转换。也有完形填空、阅读理解等;在听力测试中也占较大的比例。数词的用法和读法、分数表达法等仅做了解。复习中注意以下用法的强调练习:基数词序数词的转化中,易错序数词往往不是那几个特殊变化的,强调只有第九没有e,(即9,19,第19,90,第90都要有e);只有四十第四十没有u。外省市有以下考法:编号中基序词的使用,如Rm 101(强调rm前不加the),另一种用序数词的表达the ne hundred and first rm;倍数+as+adj./adv原级+as的结构;世纪年代+the+s;另外,hundred,thusand,millin等数词是否与f搭配也是常考点。
一、数词
1.基数词、序数词的表达法
1)表示书面的数词称为基数词。熟记下表中基本的基数词和其它基数词的构成方法。
注意:
(1) hundred,thusand,millin等表示确定数目时,不用复数形式。
如:三百个学生:three hundred students.
但这些词如用来表示“数百,数千,数百万”等不确定数目时,要用复数形式,后面加f。如:
成千上万颗星星:hundreds and thusands f stars.
(2) 个位与十位之间用连字符,百位与十位或个位之间用连词and,千位与百位之间用逗号
隔开。
2)表示顺序的数词称为序数词。熟记下表中基本的序数词和其它序数词的构成方法。
注意:
(1) 一般在基数词后加-th构成序数词,特殊变化的有:
A)ne→first,tw→secnd,three→third,five→fifth,twelve→twelfth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth
B) 20-90将y改为i加eth。
C)表达第几十、第几百时,只将个位改为序数词。如:第68:the sixty-eighth。
(2)序数词总是和定冠词the连用。
3)基数词和序数词的语法功能
(1)作主语:Seven f us visited the farm yesterday.我们中七人昨天参观了农场。
The third is the best f all.第三个是最好的。
(2)作宾语:I can see nly ne.我只能看见一个。
I like the first.我喜欢第一个。
(3)作表语:Five times six is thirty./Five multiplies six is thirty.5乘以6等于三十。
Is it May the 21st tday? (口语)今天是5月21日吗?
(4)作定语:We have seven lessns every day.我们每天上7节课。
He gets int the lift and ges up t the twelfth flr,他进了电梯上了12楼。
(5)作状语:Wrk must cme first! 工作第一。
(6)作同位语:This desk is fr us tw.这张课桌供我们俩坐。
2.分数、小数、百分数的表达法
1)分数的构成:基数词作分子,序数词作分母。除了分子是1的情况外,序数词要用复数形式。如:
l/2 ne half/a half 2/3 tw thirds
1/4 a quarter/ne furth 3/4 three quarters/three furths
1 1/2 ne and a half 2 3/5 tw and three fifths
2)小数的表达法:小数点读作pint,小数点前的数字按基数词的方法读,小数点后的数一个一个地读。如:
0.2 zer (nught) pint tw 3.14159 three pint ne fur ne five nine
17. 279 seventeen pint tw seven nine 82. 68 eighty-tw pint six eight
3)百分数的表达法:百分号“%”读作percent,其它数字按基数词或小数的方法读。如:
1% ne percent 0.2% zer pint tw percent
30% thirty percent 78% seventy-eight percent
3.日期、年份、时闻的表达法
1)年、月、日的表示法:
(1)表示在某年用介词in,年代从后往前两个数字一起读作基数词。如:
in 1949读作:in nineteen frty-nine in 470 BC读作:in the year fur seventy BC
in 2001读作:in tw thusand and ne in 1900 读作:in nineteen hundred
(2)表示“在某月”用介词in,12个月份开头的第一个字母都必须大写。多音节词可以用
缩略形式,单音节词一般不用缩略形式。如:
一月(in)January (Jan.) 二月(in) February (Feb.) 三月(in) March
四月(in) April 五月(in) May 六月(in) June
七月(in) July 八月(in) August (Aug.) 九月(in) September( Sept.)
十月(in) Octber (Oct.) 十一月(in) Nvember (Nv.) 十二月(in) December (Dec.)
(3)日期用序数词表示,和定冠词the连用,表示“在某日”用介词n。如:
1日(n) the first 21日(On)the twenty-first
15日(n) the fifteenth 30日(On) the thirtieth
(4)表示在某年某月某日,先讲月份和日期,然后再讲年份。日期前的定冠词只读,不必
写出来,月份、日期与年份之间用逗号隔开。如:
1966年5月
写作:in May,l966
读作:in May,nineteen sixty-six
1949年10月1日
写作:n Octber l,1949/n 1st Octber, 1949
读作:n Octber the first, nineteen frty-nine/n the first f Octber, nineteen frty-nine
(5)当mrning,afternn,evening和某一天连用时,所用的介词不是in,而是n。
A..M./a.m.上午 P.M. /p.m.下午
7:30 a.m. May 5,1991
读作:at seven thirty n the mrning f May the fifth, nineteen ninety-ne
2)时刻的表达法
(1)表示“几点整”用’clck,时间点前用介词at。如:
at 6:00读作:at six/at six 'clck
(2)表示“几点过几分”用介词“past”,读作基数词。如:
at 10:05 读作:at five past ten at 7:15 读作:at a quarter past seven
at 8:30读作:at half past eight at 11: 20读作:at twenty past eleven
(3)表示“几点差几分”用介词“t”,注意整点数要加一。如:
at 7:55 读作:at five t eight at 11:45 读作:at a quarter t twelve
at 9:40读作:at twenty t ten at 5:58 读作;at tw minutes t six
(4)另一种表示时刻的方法:多用于口语或列车时刻表,直接读作基数词。如:
10:20读作:ten twenty 4:15读作:fur fifteen
2:30读作:tw thirty 3:25读作:three twenty-five
4.数词的其它用法
1)加、减、乘、除的英语表达:加and/plus,减minus,乘times/multiply,除divided by,等于is/equals。如:
(1) 15+29=?Hw much is fifteen plus twenty-nine? /Hw much is fifteen and twenty-nine?
(2) 45 - 15=30 Frty-five minus fifteen is thirty.
(3)2×10=20 Tw times ten equals twenty./Tw multiplies ten equals twenty.
(4) 72÷6=? Hw much is seventy-tw divided by six?
2)从twenty到ninety之间的以ty结尾的基数词可以用复数形式表示年代或表示岁数。如:
(1)自30年代以来 since the thirties
(2)在60年代初(末) in the early (late) sixties
(3)在他40多岁时 in his frties
(4)在19世纪 in the 19th century
(5)在20世纪80年代 in the 1980's/in the 1980s
(6)在公元1世纪 in the first century AD
(7)在公元前453年 in 453 BC/in the year 453 BC
3) hundred, thusand, millin等的复数形式与介词f或upn连用,可以表示“数以……
计”,不可以表示确定的数目,但可以有一个不表示确定数目的词,如:sme, anther,
several等修饰。如:
数万个 tens f thusands f 数十万个 hundreds f thusands f
成千上万的 thusands upn thusands f 数以十计的 tens f
数以百计的hundreds f 数以千计的thusands f
数以百万计的millins f 几千年前sme thusands f years ag
好几百幢高楼 several hundreds f buildings
另有几百幢楼anther hundreds f buildings
繁星万点 millins upn millins f stars
4)在某些固定词组中,基数词可以用复数形式。
They arrived by (in) tws and threes.他们三三两两地来了。
The genie changed int a slight smke in tw tws and disappeared in the mving air.
那妖怪立即化为一缕青烟,随风消失了。
5)基数词怍可数名词用,可以有复数形式。
Hw many tws are there in ten? 10里面有几个2?
There are eight eights in sixty-fur. 64里面有8个8。
6)编号的表达法
第二册书Bk 2/Bk Tw 第八课Lessn 8/the Eighth Lessn
三年级Grade 3 四班Class 4
第五页Page 5 第二行Line 2
第502房间Rm 502 第6栋Blck 6
78弄Lane 78 电话号码Tel N. 62754968
三路公共汽车Bus N.3/the N.3 Bus
例1.Last year, I visited a chemical factry in Baise, there are abut_______wrkers in it.
A. six thusands
B. six thusand
C. six thusands f
D. six thusand f
【答案】B
例2.Ftball is s exciting that_______peple in the wrld play it.
A. millin f
B. millins f
C. tw millins f
D. tw millin f
【答案】B
例3._______peple will visit Qinzhu during the 12th Games f Guangxi.
A. Thusand
B. Tw thusands
C. Thusands f
D. Thusand f
【答案】C
例4.Nwadays_______f business letters are written in English.
A. tw third
B. tw thirds
C. tw three
D. secnd three
【答案】B
例5.—If a=4, b=5, what’s the answer t the questin “ a + 2ab +1 =?” — _______.
A. Frty-fifth
B. Frty-five
C. Twenty-three
D. One hundred and twenty-ne
【答案】B
例6.There are ver_______students in their schl.
A. hundreds
B. nine hundreds
C. hundreds f
D. nine hundred
【答案】D
例7.Yu can see_______if yu g ut at night
A. millin stars
B. hundreds stars
C. thusand f stars
D. millins f stars
【答案】D
例8.Abut_______f the students in ur class were brn in the_______.
A. tw-thirds, 1990s
B. tw-thirds, 1990
C. tw-third, 1990s
D. tw-third, 1990
【答案】A
例9.There are twenty teachers in this grade. Eight f them are wmen teachers and ______ are men teachers.
A. the ther
B. the thers
C. thers
D. ther
【答案】B
例10.We need t g shpping. There is ________ juice left in the fridge.
A. little
B. few
C. many
D. much
【答案】A
【巩固练习】
1.I dn’t believe that this_______by can paint such a nice picture.
A. five years ld
B. five-years-ld
C. five-year-ld
D. five year ld
【答案】C
2.Our schl is s famus that ______ peple cme and visit it every term.
A. five hundreds
B. hundred f
C. hundreds f
D. five hundred f
【解答】C
3.Which is right? _________
A. 2009, June 25
B. 25th June, 2009
C. June 25, 2009
D. June 25st, 2009
【解答】答案与解析:B. 年月日的表达法:“月份+日期,年代”,日期写序数词或基数词都可,一般都习惯写基数词,但读时要读成序数词。
【答案】B
4.After the Asian Games,_______peple came t Guangzhu fr a visit during hlidays.
A. thusand
B. thusands f
C. five thusands
D. five thusands f
【答案】B
5.Shakespeare was brn in ______.
A. 1660s
B. 1660’s
C. the 1660s
D. the 1660’s
【解答】D. 英语表示“……世纪……年代”时应为:“in the+年代’s”,如:在二十世纪八十年代=in the 1980’s,表示从1980—1989 这期间的10 年;如果是in1980=在1980 年,一年的时间。
【答案】D
6.——What’s yur rm number?
——It’s ______.
A. The 601 Rm
B. 601 Rm
C. The Rm 601
D. Rm 601
【解答】D. 房间号的表达属于专有名词类,也不用冠词,所以首字母要大些,号码用阿拉伯数字表达。第几排也是同样的表达方法,如:第5 排=Rw 5。
【答案】D
7.---Yu lk sad, Kate.
---Yeah, I have made ________ mistakes in my reprt.
A. a little
B. a few
C. a bit
D. a bit f
【解答】常州市七校第一学期12月联考
【答案】D
8.We have stayed at this schl fr _______ . Which fllwing chice is wrng?
A. tw and a half years
B. tw years and a half
C. tw years and half a year
D. bth A and B
【解答】答案与解析:C. 几个半的表示法有两种:“基数词+单位名词(复数)+and a half”;“基数词+and a half+单位名词(复数)”本题是找出一个错误的答案。
【答案】C
9.﹣What d yu think f the envirnment here?
﹣Wnderful!______f the land ______cvered with trees and grass.
A. Tw fifths; is
B. Tw fifth; is
C. Tw fifths; are
D. Tw fifth; are
【答案】A
10.The _______ questin is much mre difficult than this ne.
A. sixth
B. six
C. sixteen
D. sixty
【答案】A
11.---What’s the news abut ?
---________ entertainment stars gathered t attract dnatins fr Yushu.
A. A member f
B. A kind f
C. A packet f
D. A number f
【答案】D
12.He became a famus writer when he was________.
A. in his fifty
B. at the age f fifty years ld
C. in his fifties
D. in the fifties
【解答】常州外国语学校九年级二模
【答案】C
13.__________ (百万) f visitrs cme t visit the Great Wall every year.
【答案】Millins
14.Tmrrw is my ________ birthday.
A. sixteen
B. sixteenth
C. the sixteenth
D. the sixteen
【解答】答案与解析:B. 表某人几岁的生日的方法:“ne’s+序数词+birthday”。
【答案】B
15.Bill said they were ging t have _____ hliday.
A. a tw-weeks’
B. a tw-week
C. tw weeks’
D. tw weeks
【解答】B. hliday 是个可数名词,所以前面不能丢了冠词;形容词放在a hliday的中间,这个形容词由数词和名词复合而成,复合后名词不能加s,tw-week——“两周的”。
【答案】B
课后巩固
1.Meimei is ging t be an lder sister.Her parents are planning t have their ________ child.
A. ne
B. tw
C. first
D. secnd
【答案】D
2.December is ______ and the last mnth f the year.
A.the twelfth B.twelfth C.the twelve
【答案】 A
3.The stry tk place in ________.
A. nineteen centuries
B. nineteen century
C. the nineteenth century
D. nineteenth century
【答案】C
4.—Is this yur ________ visit t Chngqing, Nina? —N, I’ve been here three times.
A. ne
B. first
C. three
D. third
【答案】B
5.______ f the girls will jin the summer camp t visit England.
A.Three fives B.Third fifths C.Three fifths
【答案】 C
6.December is ________ and last mnth is a year.
A. the twelveth
B. twelveth
C. the twelfth
D. twelfth
【答案】C
7.It tk ______ peple three mnths t build this great building.
A.tw hundreds B.hundred f C.hundreds f D.tw hundred f
【答案】 C
8.Bys and girls , please turn t Page ______ and lk at the _____ picture.
A.fifth;five B.five; five C.fifth;fifth D.five; fifth
【答案】 D
9.______ f the girls will jin the summer camp t visit England.
A.Three fives B.Third fifths C.Three fifths
【答案】 C
10.-----This is the ____ time that I cme t Paris.I have been here twice.
-----Me t. The wrld is s large that I want t see mre f it .
A.first B.secnd C.third
【答案】 C
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