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2021届高考英语二轮专题训练第二篇专题一完形填空第二部分体裁应对策略第2讲夹叙夹议文课件
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这是一份2021届高考英语二轮专题训练第二篇专题一完形填空第二部分体裁应对策略第2讲夹叙夹议文课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了技法探究·素养提升，B career，B hours，A ward，A held，A combed，struggling，shaved，relief，done等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第2讲 夹叙夹议文
Our teachers tried teaching us about death during nursing training. As a student nurse, I knew I would see death in my 1 . I had no idea of the 2 it would have on me, however. The first person I saw die was an elderly man, John, who had been 3 for weeks. His heart was failing and the health-care team was keeping him comfortable and 4 his symptoms. He had stopped speaking days before but was still awake at times, and his 5 when we spoke to him was beautiful.
技法探究·素养提升
When I came on to the 6 one morning, the night staff said he had deteriorated (恶化) overnight and had 7 left to leave. A trained nurse and I gave him a bed bath, shaved him and changed his sheets. For the next six hours I 8 his hand and talked to him. The doctor came in regularly and asked if he needed more pain relief but he seemed 9 most of the time. He only occasionally opened his eyes to smile at me. Early in the afternoon the nurse came back in and we washed his face and 10 his hair. As she was just about to leave the room, she stroked his hair and said, “Oh John, just 11 . ” Minutes later, he did.
It has been 20 years since John’s death. I have seen 12 deaths in my time nursing. I have seen staff go far beyond the 13 of their jobs to ensure that a patient has as good a death as possible. I remember some of the other faces, but none is quite as vivid as John’s. He, and the professionals who were 14 him, taught me that it 15 how we treat those who are dying. 【文章大意】本文属于夹叙夹议文。 通过作者作为实习护士见证死亡的过程, 阐述医护人员对待垂死患者的方式是一件非常重要的事情。
1. A. life B. career C. mind D. family【解析】选 B。由后文可知, 作者是一名护士, 所以在职业生涯中会见到死亡。2. A. impact B. differenceC. reflection D. affection【解析】选A。根据短语have an impact on sb. 以及句意可知答案为A。
【易错警示】difference虽然可以表示影响, 但是短语搭配是make a difference to/in。3. A. insisting B. challengingC. struggling D. recovering【解析】选C。通过第二段对John的描述可知, John是一个垂死患者, 所以选struggling。struggle 意为“艰难地行进; 吃力地进行”。
4. A. comforting B. decreasingC. disappearing D. relieving【解析】选D。根据上下文, 医护人员可以做的只能是让他舒适以及减轻他的症状。decrease侧重大小数量上的减少, 语意不符。comfort的宾语通常是人。disappear为不及物动词, 不带宾语。5. A. face B. eyes C. smile D. expression【解析】选C。该题为词汇复现题, 下文中有提到睁开眼睛朝作者微笑, 再根据句子的谓语动词was可知答案是smile。
6. A. ward B. classroom C. hospital D. department【解析】选A。由后文可知, 作者被告知John病情恶化, 并且陪John走过了生命的最后几个小时, 这一切只能是发生在John的病房(ward)里。7. A. days B. hours C. minutes D. seconds【解析】选B。词汇复现题。后文有提及几个小时后, John便离开了人世。
8. A. held B. reached C. hugged D. touched【解析】选A。作者是握着John的手陪他说了六个小时的话, 表明对他的同情。9. A. silent B. painful C. peaceful D. anxious【解析】选C。由前文的but可知John不需要止痛药, 所以是处于很平和的状态。10. A. combed B. tied C. washed D. smelt【解析】选A。医护人员帮John洗了脸梳了头。B、D选项语意不符合, C选项和前面动词重复, 由and连接理应省略。
11. A. come on B. pass away C. let go D. go away【解析】选C。从后文可知, 几分钟后, John就去世了, 所以可得知护士对他说的话是“放手, 安心地离去吧”。let go有放手、放开之意。其余选项均不符合上下文意思。12. A. priceless B. constantC. considerate D. countless【解析】选D。John去世后的二十年里, 作者作为护士看见了不计其数的死亡, 即countless。constant表示动作的持续, 不符合文意。
13. A. qualifications B. abilityC. expectation D. exception【解析】选 C。作者的实习经历讲述了医护人员对患者的关心和照顾, 所以此处应该是医护人员帮助患者, 做了很多工作范围之外的事情, 即超出了工作的预期。14. A. caring for B. looking for C. bringing up D. cheering up【解析】选A。由作者对实习经历的描述可知医护人员对患者是进行照顾, 即care for。
15. A. trains B. works C. influences D. matters【解析】选D。作者的实习经历教导了作者: 医护人员对待垂死患者的方式是一件非常重要的事情, 即matter表示“要紧, 重要”。
【文本整体感知】 1. 解读主旨 夹叙夹议型文章的作者不是单纯地叙述某个人、某件事, 而是在叙述过程中把对人物的语言、行为、心理活动的描写都融入到文章的叙述中去。因此, 要能理清故事发展的脉络, 能够根据人物的语言行为及心理活动等去了解作者的写作意图, 以及对故事的发展和结局作出合理的预测。 本文属于以论说为主的记叙文。主要通过作者作为实习护士见证了死亡的过程, 以及医护人员对患者的关心和照顾, 阐述了医护人员对待垂死患者的态度是一件很重要的事。
2. 理清结构 本文分三部分, 第一部分引入话题——见证死亡对我产生了很大影响; 第二部分也是主体部分, 作者见证了死亡的全过程以及在整个过程中医护人员对垂危老人的关心和照顾; 第三部分为作者的感悟: 医护人员对待垂死患者的态度是一件很重要的事。
【解题思路模板】Ⅰ. 夹叙夹议文是叙事说理。叙事部分往往以时间为线索。本文以时间为线索描述了老人临终前的艰难以及医护人员对老人的关心和照顾。可以分为两条主线, 一条是垂危老人, 另一条是医护人员的关爱。
通过表格我们可以看出在医护人员的关心和照顾下老人走得很安详。Ⅱ. 议论部分是以时间为基础的感悟。从医护人员的行为中可以看出医护人员对待垂死患者的态度是一件很重要的事。从而照应了文章开头。
【完形微技能】技法1 运用上下文联系1. 根据下文作者作为一名护士在医院见证死亡, 所以应该是在她职业生涯中。故选_________。 3. 根据下文“His heart was failing”可知, 在过去的几个星期中老人艰难地前进着。故选_____________。 4. 根据下文“The doctor came in regularly and asked if he needed more pain relief. ”医生所能做的只能是缓解他的痛苦。故选__________。 7. 下文提到老人几个小时后离开了人世。故答案为_______。
B career
C struggling
D relieving
B hours
技法2 依据常识确定最佳答案6. 老人生命垂危, 医护人员陪护最后几小时, 应该是在病房里。故选________。 8. 我应该拉着老人的手同他说话, 故选________。 10. 最后给老人洗了脸, 梳了头。故选___________。
A ward
A held
A combed
【思维迁移升华】根据原文概要, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式 The first person I saw die was 1. ___elderly man called John, who had been 2. _________(struggle) for weeks . The health-care team was keeping him 3. ___________(comfort) and relieving his symptoms but the day did come. He had deteriorated overnight and had only hours left. A trained nurse and I gave him a bed bath, 4. ______(shave) him and changed his sheets. For the next six hours, I held his hand and talked to him. The doctor came in regularly and asked 5. __he needed more pain 6. _____(relieve) . When he opened his eyes 7. ___________(occasional) , he smiled at me. Later, we washed his face and
an
struggling
comfortable
shaved
if
relief
occasionally
combed his hair. With everything 8. _____(do), he closed his eyes forever. The staff tried their best to 9. ______(sure) that a patient has as good a death as possible because it matters how we treat those 10. ____are dying. 【题后反思】1. I have seen staff go far beyond the expectation of their jobs to ensure that a patient has as good a death as possible. 译: ___________________________________________________________
done
ensure
who
我看到医护工作者超出了工作的预期来保证患者尽可能死得安详。
2. He, and the professionals, who were caring for him, taught me that it matters how we treat those who are dying. 译: _________________________________________________________________________
老人和看护他的医务工作者们让我知道: 对待垂死患者的态度是一件很
重要的事。
Passage 1 Born in the United States, I, with black hair and yellow skin, am an American. Yes, I am a US citizen. Yet I 1 early in my childhood that I was very different. It wasn’t until 2 in the early years of primary school that I noticed this difference. Some kids in my class asked me 3 I could speak Chinese. It seemed strange to me that they would be interested in this part of my 4 . I answered “yes” and expected them to say nothing else about it.
新题精练·素养应用
To my surprise, they were 5 to hear me say something in Chinese. When I did so, they said, “Wow, that’s cool!” I had always thought of it as just a strange 6 that came from China. I 7 what had happened that day when I got home. I went into the bathroom to wash my hands as I usually did. I looked at myself in the mirror—the same face was 8 from that morning, but it didn’t 9 the same to me. For the first time, I felt different from the others in my 10 . That day I discovered a part of my life that was 11 —in culture and tradition— from the one I am 12 .
Now I know that we must all remember our 13 , but we must also continue to explore, realizing that 14 is different, with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles. Recognizing these differences should 15 respect for one another. 【文章大意】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。叙述了身为美籍华人的作者在上小学时, 某一天给班上的其他孩子讲中文, 从而第一次认识到自己和班上的其他人不一样, 发现了生活中不同的部分。作者认为我们都必须记住自己的根, 但我们也必须继续探索, 认识到每个人都是不同的, 有自己的信仰、观点、传统和生活方式。认识到这些差异应该导致彼此尊重。
1. A. imagined B. discoveredC. declared D. proved【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 然而, 我在童年时就发现自己与别人很不一样。 imagined想象; discovered发现; declared宣称; proved证明。作者是生活在美国的美籍华人, 黑头发黄皮肤, 便发现了自己与其他同学有很大的不同。倒数第二段中I discovered a part of my life 也是提示。故选B。
2. A. one moment B. one eveningC. one day D. one year【解析】选C。考查词义辨析。句意: 直到上小学的某一天, 我才注意到这种差异。根据后文in the early years of primary school可知是指作者上小学的某一天, 应用one day。故选C。3. A. why B. how C. when D. if【解析】选D。考查连接词辨析。句意: 我班上的一些孩子问我是否会说中文。此处为宾语从句, 从句中不缺少成分, 表示“是否”应用if。故选D。
4. A. life B. story C. secret D. program【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我觉得很奇怪, 他们会对我生活的这一部分感兴趣, 我回答说“是的”, 并希望他们别再说别的。作者作为中国人能够说中文, 这属于他生活中的一部分。倒数第二段中I discovered a part of my life 也是提示。故选A。5. A. pleased B. amused C. puzzled D. eager【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 令我惊讶的是, 他们渴望听到我用中文说些什么。结合后文to hear me say something in Chinese可知是指其他孩子渴望听到作者用中文说话。be eager to do sth. “急切地想做某事”。故选D。
6. A. tradition B. commentC. language D. reply【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我一直认为它只是一种来自中国的奇怪语言。 tradition传统; comment评论; language语言; reply回答。根据后文that came from China可知作者认为中文只是来自中国的奇怪语言。故选C。
7. A. wrote down B. thought aboutC. talked about D. forgot about【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 我回到家, 想着那天发生的事。 wrote down写下; thought about思考; talked about谈论; forgot about忘记。结合后文作者意识到自己的不同可知, 作者一直在思考那天发生的事情。故选B。
8. A. out B. up C. next D. there【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 我看着镜子里的自己——在那里还是那天早上的那张脸, 但对我来说似乎已经不一样了。此处指in the mirror应用there。故选D。9. A. remain B. seem C. act D. show【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我看着镜子里的自己——在那里还是那天早上的那张脸, 但对我来说似乎已经不一样了。结合上下文语境, 可知经过了在学校给其他孩子说中文的事情, 作者觉得似乎(seem)自己有一些不一样了。故选B。
10. A. family B. class C. team D. country【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我第一次觉得自己和班上的其他人不一样。根据第二段中Some kids in my class可知作者与班上的其他孩子不一样。故选B。11. A. different B. interestingC. strange D. valuable【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 那天, 我发现了生活中不同的一部分——文化和传统——和我现在生活的不同。根据上文For the first time, I felt different from the others in my可知作者发现了生活中不同的一部分。故选A。
12. A. learning B. expectingC. living D. reporting【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 那天, 我发现了生活中不同的一部分——文化和传统——和我现在生活的不同。结合上文That day I discovered a part of my life可知是指与作者现在过着的生活所不同的一部分。故选C。
13. A. past B. positions C. duties D. roots【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 现在我知道, 我们都必须记住自己的根, 但我们也必须继续探索, 认识到每个人都是不同的, 有自己的信仰、观点、传统和生活方式。结合后文with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles可知作者意识到每个人要记住自己的根, 有自己的信仰、观点、传统和生活方式。故选D。
14. A. nobody B. nothingC. everyone D. everything【解析】选C。考查不定代词辨析。句意: 现在我知道, 我们都必须记住自己的根, 但我们也必须继续探索, 认识到每个人都是不同的, 有自己的信仰、观点、传统和生活方式。根据后文with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles可知作者认识到每个人都是不同的, 有自己的信仰、观点、传统和生活方式。故选C。
15. A. lead to B. stick toC. devote to D. refer to【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 认识到这些差异应该导致彼此尊重。 lead to导致; stick to坚持; devote to致力于; refer to参考。结合后文respect for one another可知认识到这些差异应该导致彼此的尊重。故选A。
Passage 2 (2020·上海三模) If you’re going to be a straight talker, you have to believe that it’s a virtue, that it’s an attribute you want associated with yourself. If you have an opinion and you just 1 it, it allows the other person to either try to change your opinion, to agree with you, or to agree to 2 —they have an action they can take. If you are quiet, people think you agree. How can you then 3 the conversation when you’re at different points and it’s not really exposed? Agreeing is easy. Disagreeing takes more 4 .
Several years back, when I was CEO at Autodesk(欧特克, 美国电脑软件公司), there was a senior-level woman who was very smart and well spoken, but she didn’t wear 5 clothes. It was 6 and she was not being taken seriously. I said to her manager, who was male, “You need to tell her. ” He said, “Oh, no way. ” So I called her in and 7 stated what I thought was happening. I told her, “You’re not getting the respect you 8 . ” I said, “Go to Nordstrom’s(诺德斯特龙, 美国高档连锁百货店) and get a 9 shopper. Just say, “I’m a senior businessperson and need help dressing like one. ” She came back, and honest to
God, it was a different person. She said she felt really good. And her currency went way up. Early in my business career, if people asked me a question, I’d try to answer it honestly. And that was 10 . I had managers who wanted me around because I would actually tell them what was happening. I was raised by my grandma, and she was a pretty 11 talker because she thought you could 12 it. My advice is, 13 your toe in. If you’re honest and truthful, what is somebody going to say, that you’re 14 because you believe something?
Being honest and 15 is part of being a good friend, a good associate, and a good leader. It’s also why I know I could never be a politician. 【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者认为如果你想成为一个直言不讳的人, 你必须相信这是一种美德, 是你想要与自己联系起来的一种属性, 并结合了自己对于女同事衣着不合适坦白提出意见的事例。指出坦诚待人也会获得回报, 别人并不会认为你愚蠢。作者认为诚实和真实是成为好朋友、好伙伴和好领导的一部分。
1. A. explain B. exclaim C. claim D. state【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 如果你有一个观点, 你只是陈述出来, 这就允许其他人要么试图改变你的观点, 赞同你, 要么从同意到不同意——他们有他们可以采取的行动。 explain解释; exclaim呼喊; claim宣称; state陈述, 规定。结合上文If you have an opinion and you just可知此处指陈述观点应用state。故选D。
2. A. favour B. approve C. disagree D. doubt【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 如果你有一个观点, 你只是陈述出来, 这就允许其他人要么试图改变你的观点, 赞同你, 要么从同意到不同意——他们有他们可以采取的行动。 favour赞成; approve批准; disagree不同意; doubt怀疑。根据上文to agree to可知是指从同意到不同意。故选C。
3. A. grow B. further C. change D. stop【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 当你们处在不同的位置, 而且没有真正暴露出来的时候, 你们怎么能进一步进行对话呢? grow成长; further进一步, 增进; change改变; stop停止。结合语境可知, 当双方处于不同的位置, 如果不直接陈述各自的观点, 对话是无法进一步(further)深入的。故选B。4. A. efforts B. trouble C. time D. courage【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 不同意需要更多的勇气。结合上文Agreeing is easy. 可知同意很容易, 那么不同意就需要更多的勇气才可以。故选D。
5. A. appropriate B. smartC. formal D. uniform【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 有一个高层的女人, 她很聪明, 说话也很得体, 但她穿的衣服不合适。根据上文but she didn’t wear可推知but表示转折, 说明这个女人穿的衣服不太合适。故选A。
6. A. ignored B. distractingC. disappointing D. disapproving【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 这让人分心, 她也没有被认真对待。 ignored被忽视的; distracting分心的; disappointing令人失望的; disapproving不赞成的。根据后文she was not being taken seriously. 可知女人因为自己的衣服而没有被认真对待, 说明她的衣服让人分心, 故选B。
7. A. rightly B. timidly C. cautiously D. frankly【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 所以我把她叫了进来, 坦白地告诉她我认为发生了什么。根据后文I’d try to answer it honestly. 可知作者始终强调要诚实和真实, 故可推知作者坦白地告诉了女人这件事。故选D。8. A. demand B. require C. expect D. deserve【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 你没有得到应得的尊重。根据上文she was not being taken seriously. 可知女人没有得到她应得的尊重。故选D。
9. A. personal B. catalog C. fellow D. secret【解析】选A。考查词义辨析。句意: 去Nordstrom’s找个私人采购员。 personal私人的; catalog名词, 目录; fellow同类的; secret秘密的。根据后文Just say, “I’m a senior businessperson and need help dressing like one. ”可推知作者建议女人去找私人采购员帮自己买衣服。故选A。
10. A. rewarded B. awardedC. paid D. responded【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 那是有回报的。 rewarded奖赏; awarded授予; paid支付; responded回答。结合后文I had managers who wanted me around because I would actually tell them what was happening. 可知作者得到了经理的信任, 说明诚实是有回报的。故选A。
11. A. direct B. straight C. reasoning D. creative【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 我是奶奶带大的, 她说话很直爽, 因为她认为你能应付得了。根据上文I was raised by my grandma可知作者是个坦白诚实的人, 而作者是由奶奶带大的, 说明作者是受奶奶的影响, 奶奶说话也很直接。第一段中you’re going to be a straight talker也有提示, straight talker表示“说话直接的人”。故选B。
12. A. grant B. recognizeC. handle D. acknowledge【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我是奶奶带大的, 她说话很直爽, 因为她认为你能应付得了。 grant允许; recognize识别; handle应付, 处理; acknowledge承认。结合常识说话直接的人肯定是觉得对方可以承受和应付自己的话。故选C。
13. A. cast B. drop C. remove D. dip【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我的建议是, 试一试。根据后文your toe in可知短语dip one’s toe in表示“尝试”。故选D。14. A. frank B. generous C. modest D. stupid【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 如果你老老实实, 实事求是, 别人怎么会因为你相信一些东西而说你傻?此处为反问句, 意思为你诚实和真实, 别人并不会因为你相信一些东西而说你愚蠢。故选D。
15. A. competent B. disciplinedC. truthful D. aggressive【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 诚实和真实是成为好朋友、好伙伴和好领导的一部分。 competent胜任的; disciplined遵守纪律的; truthful真实的; aggressive好斗的。根据上一段中If you’re honest and truthful可知此处指诚实和真实。故选C。
Passage 3 On Thanksgiving Day, Mrs Klein told her first graders to draw a picture of something for which they were thankful. She thought that, living in a 1 neighborhood, most of these children would draw pictures of 2 or of fully laden Thanksgiving tables. That was what they believed was expected of them. What took Mrs Klein by 3 was Douglas’s picture. Douglas was so alone and likely to be found close in his shadow as they went outside for play. Douglas’s drawing was simply a(n) 4 , obviously, but whose? The class was 5 by his image. “I think it must be the hand of God that 6 us food, ” said one student.
“A 7 , ” said another, “because they grow the turkeys. ” “It looks more like a policeman, and they protect us. ”“I think, ” said Lavinia, who was always so 8 , “that it is supposed to be all the hands that 9 us, but Douglas could only draw one of them. ” Mrs Klein had almost 10 Douglas in her pleasure at finding the class so active. When she had the others at work on another project, she 11 and asked Douglas whose hand it was. Douglas 12 , “It’s yours, teacher. ”
Then Mrs Klein 13 that she had taken Douglas by the hand from time to time; she often did that with the children. But it should have 14 so much to Douglas! Perhaps, she reflected, this was her Thanksgiving, and everybody’s Thanksgiving—not the material things 15 to us, but the small ways that we give something to others. 【文章大意】本文属于夹叙夹议文。不同的人可能用不同的方式表示他们的感恩之心。老师要求孩子们画出他们想要感谢的东西, 道格拉斯画了一只手, 以此来表示对老师关心的感谢。
1. A. wealthy B. friendly C. poor D. crowded【解析】选 C。 根据常识和 fully laden Thanksgiving tables得知穷人家孩子的感恩节愿望是吃丰盛大餐。2. A. friends B. turkeys C. clothes D. flowers【解析】选B。 根据西方人感恩节餐桌上少不了节日大餐火鸡以及后文中because they grow the turkeys可知。
3. A. surprise B. excitementC. accident D. relief【解析】选A。老师以为大家都会画吃的东西, 但是Douglas的画是一只手, 这自然让老师很惊讶。4. A. hand B. image C. face D. finger【解析】选A。 根据I think it must be the hand of God和后文情节得知Douglas画了一只手。
5. A. amused B. puzzled C. shocked D. moved【解析】选B。 根据前文 but whose?和下文孩子们的猜想得知, 大家看到Douglas的画都很费解。6. A. lends B. donates C. cooks D. brings【解析】选D。根据西方文化对上帝的崇拜判断上帝之手给人间带来食物。7. A. servant B. mother C. waiter D. farmer【解析】选 D。 根据because they grow the turkeys及常识得知农民养殖火鸡。
8. A. naughty B. serious C. curious D. stupid【解析】选B。根据后面有条理的话语可判断 Lavinia应该是很认真的学生。9. A. help B. love C. shelter D. lead【解析】选A。 根据前文讨论大家都认为是曾经帮助过我们的人的一只手, 但是Lavinia认为这应该是所有帮助过我们的人的手。10. A. praised B. kissed C. thanked D. forgotten【解析】选D。 由于老师开心地关注着活跃的课堂气氛, 几乎忘记了Douglas。
11. A. stood up B. went overC. turned over D. looked up【解析】选B。考查动词短语。 stand up 站起来; go over 复习, 重新查看; turn over 转身; look up 查找。根据and asked Douglas whose hand it was得知老师问Douglas画中的手是谁的, 说明老师重新看了Douglas的画。12. A. lied B. burst in C. whispered D. cried out【解析】选C。 lie撒谎; burst in 爆发; whisper 低语; cry out 哭出来。根据前文Douglas孤僻容易被忽略判断内向的Douglas对老师低语。
13. A. recognized B. wonderedC. imagined D. recalled【解析】选D。 考查动词。 recognize认出; wonder想知道; imagine 想象; recall 回想。根据she had taken Douglas by the hand from time to time 得知老师想起以前自己经常拉着Douglas的手。14. A. remained B. meantC. cost D. came【解析】选 B。 考查动词。remain 保留; mean 意味着; cost 花费; come 到来。Douglas画出老师的手表示感谢, 说明老师的这一举动让Douglas很感动, 这对Douglas来说意义重大。
15. A. shown B. opened C. given D. said【解析】选C。 此句为全文的点睛之笔。 根据but the small ways that we give something to others得知老师感悟到: 感恩节不是感恩我们被给予的物质, 而是我们帮助他人的方式。
【加固训练】Passage 1 (2020·肥城三模) I attended my 35th high school reunion recently. It was held at the 4-H camp that I 1 next to as a child. When I got there the very first thing I 2 was the little Oak trees that I used to climb up as a boy now seemed as tall as Redwoods. 3 had that happened? I had arrived early so I 4 to help get things set up. I 5 some chairs around the tables and then got drafted to blow up the party balloons. For some
reason my aging 6 couldn’t seem to get my balloons quite as 7 as my friend’s, who was helping me out. As I started to talk to my 8 high school friends I noticed something else too. We all looked a little 9 . There was some with gray hair. And we all seemed to have a few extra 10 and a few extra wrinkles. Yet, the moment we started to talk and catch up the years melted away, our 11 souls shined through. On the outside we all seemed a little wiser and more mature, but on the 12 every single one of us was bright, beautiful, and energetic. 35 years
may have 13 our bodies a bit, 14 it hadn’t had any effect whatever on our souls. Our souls are created in love. And love 15 ages. Love is both unfading and forever young. 【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者参加高中同学聚会, 看到曾经的朋友们都变了样, 但是他们的灵魂还是依然充满活力, 爱从来不会变老。
1. A. ended up B. grew upC. pulled out D. set out【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 它在4-H营地举行, 我从小就在营地附近长大。 ended up结束; grew up长大; pulled out拔出, (使)渡过难关; set out出发。根据“as a child”可知, 作者在营地附近“长大”。故选B项。
2. A. explored B. described C. noticed D. counted【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 当我到那儿, 我首先注意到的就是一棵小小的橡胶树, 小时候我经常爬上去玩耍, 现在它看起来像红杉一样高。根据“When I got there”及“the little Oak trees that I used to climb up as a boy now seemed as tall as Redwoods”可知, 此处是指作者到达后第一个“注意到、看到”的东西是橡胶树, 第三段第一句中“I noticed something else too”也是提示。故选C项。
3. A. Why B. How C. When D. Where【解析】选B。考查疑问副词词义辨析。句意: 那是如何发生的呢?根据上文中“used to”及“now”可知, 作者描述了橡胶树以前和现在的不同, 此处是问变化是“如何”发生的。故选B项。4. A. happened B. promisedC. agreed D. volunteered【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我到达比较早, 所以主动帮忙把东西准备好。根据“I had arrived early”下文“I ______some chairs around the tables and then got drafted to blow up the party balloons. ”可知, 作者到得比较早, 所以“自愿、主动”帮忙做事情。故选D项。
5. A. placed B. designedC. decorated D. fixed【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我把椅子放在桌子周围, 然后被选派去吹聚会的气球。 placed放置; designed设计; decorated装饰; fixed修理, 安装。根据“some chairs around the tables”及常识可推知, 此处是指把椅子“放”在桌子周围。故选A项。
6. A. bone B. heart C. lungs D. muscle【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 由于某种原因, 我日渐衰老的肺似乎不能把气球吹得像朋友吹得那么大, 他们不得不给我帮忙。根据上文“blow up the party balloons”及常识可知, 作者被派去吹气球, 需要肺活量, 所以此处指“肺部”。故选C项。7. A. large B. flat C. empty D. full【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 由于某种原因, 我日渐衰老的肺似乎不能把气球吹得像朋友吹得那么大, 他们不得不给我帮忙。根据上文的“aging”及下文“who was helping me out”可知, 此处指气球吹得不够“大”。故选A项。
8. A. generous B. new C. old D. honest【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 当我开始和高中时的老朋友交谈时, 我也注意到其他的一些事情。根据文章第一句“I attended my 35th high school reunion recently. ”可知, 作者是参加高中同学聚会, 所以此处指与高中的“老朋友”交谈。故选C项。9. A. simple B. nervous C. mild D. different【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 我们看起来都有些不一样。根据下文“There was some with gray hair. 以及 and a few extra wrinkles. ”可知, 有些人长出了白发, 大家也都多了皱纹, 所以此处指我们看起来与以前“不一样”。故选D项。
10. A. fees B. pounds C. jobs D. aids【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 并且我们看上去(体重)都多了几磅, 多了几条皱纹。根据“There was some with gray hair. ”可知, 此处是描述老朋友的变化, 此处指我们看起来(体重)都多了几“磅”。故选B项。11. A. young B. healthy C. active D. beautiful【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 然而, 我们一开始交谈并回忆逝去的那些年, 我们年轻的灵魂就闪耀起来。上文的“gray hair”及“a few extra wrinkles”说明大家外表上变老了, 再由转折词Yet可知, 此处指但是内心是“年轻的”, 故选A项。
12. A. contrary B. surface C. spot D. inside【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我们的外表都看上去更加睿智, 更加成熟, 但是在内心, 我们每一个人都是明亮、美好并且精力充沛的。根据“On the outside”及转折词“but”可知, 此处表示外表和内心的对比, 所以选inside。故选D项。13. A. weakened B. aged C. strengthened D. enriched【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 35年的时光让我们的身体衰老了一些。 weakened使虚弱; aged使衰老; strengthened加强; enriched使丰富。上文提到身体上的衰老, 所以此处指35年的时光让我们的身体“衰老”了一些。故选B项。
14. A. or B. and C. but D. for【解析】选C。考查连词辨析。句意: 但是无论怎样, 都不曾对我们的灵魂有任何影响。根据“it hadn’t had any effect whatever on our souls”可知, 此处应使用转折连词but, 与前一个肯定句形成对比。故选C项。15. A. never B. always C. seldom D. often【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 爱永远不会变老。根据上文“it hadn’t had any effect whatever on our souls. Our souls are created in love. ”可知, 作者认为35年的时光对灵魂没有任何影响, 灵魂是用爱铸就的, 所以此处指爱“永不”变老。故选A项。
Passage 2 Life is colorful. Sometimes it’s just like potato salad; when it’s shared, it becomes a picnic. With three young children to bring up, my husband John and I were very 1 . “Can we go on a picnic, Mom?” my six-year-old daughter, Becky begged. “Please. ” I had said no so many times in 2 months, and I decided the usual Saturday morning chores could wait. To her 3 , I agreed. I prepared a few sandwiches and 4 a cooler with ice and drinks and called John 5 .
My eleven-year-old twin sons loaded the cooler and the picnic basket in the trunk and off we went to spend some 6 time together as a family. About the time I got the lunch 7 out on the table, John arrived on the 8 . That was one of the happiest meals we ever shared together. The meal was full of laughter. We felt a closeness that had been hidden by work and school responsibilities for so many months. John and the boys 9 rocks into the lake, Becky fed the ducks and I sat quietly at the picnic table, 10 God for blessing me with such a wonderful family.
That night as our children went to bed, I kissed their cheeks. It 11 mewhat a wonderful life I had. As I walked out of the room it dawned on me that even the busiest 12 could become a picnic when it’s shared with the ones you love. Even though kids have now grown up and 13 from home, I can still remember how I felt that day while sitting at the picnic table. Maybe today would be a good time to cook potato salad, call all of my 14 kids, feed some hungry ducks and skip a few rocks into the lake. Since life is like potato salad, let’s make it a 15 .
【文章大意】本文属于夹叙夹议文。作者通过对全家人野餐时的幸福生活的描述, 感受到家庭的幸福, 意识到自己的生活是多么美好, 得出结论爱是他们幸福的原因。1. A. patient B. old C. occupied D. poor【解析】选C。 后文中 I had said no so many times 和第六段中it dawned on me that even the busiest ______could become a picnic, busiest是判断依据。occupied 意为“已占用的, 在使用的, 无空闲的; 忙的”。
2. A. coming B. recent C. following D. late【解析】选B。 根据后文中We felt a closeness that had been hidden. . . for so many months. 清楚地表明全家人近来好久没有一同欢乐过了, 可知作者近几个月已经多次说过不行了。3. A. disappointment B. sadnessC. surprise D. embarrassment【解析】选C。根据I agreed和前文的I had said no so many times形成了强烈的对比, 所以此处应该是令她感到意外。
4. A. supplied B. filled C. provided D. compared【解析】选 B。根据常识判断。 cooler是一种容器。根据后文的ice and drinks可以看出是要把ice 和 drinks装到cooler当中。5. A. at work B. off workC. on business D. at home【解析】选A。后文中 John arrived 的信息暗示了John在工作, 所以作者给他打电话通知他野餐的事情。后文We felt a closeness that had been hidden by work中的work也是具体依据。
6. A. unhappy B. quantityC. quality D. unfortunate【解析】选C。 根据前后文判断。 这里的some quality time指的是珍贵时光。和前文my husband John and I were very occupied相互印证。7. A. created B. spread C. taken D. made【解析】选B。由lunch和table可以判断: 此处是要将午餐的食物铺在桌子上。spread意为“展开; 打开 ”。
8. A. scene B. sight C. view D. scenery【解析】选A。 考查名词。arrived说明到达了他们野餐的地点, 用scene最为恰当。9. A. missed B. took C. threw D. left【解析】选C。 根据文章最后一段中 skip a few rocks into the lake可知。skip“打水漂”, throw“扔”。
10. A. trusting B. thankingC. praising D. praying【解析】选B。 根据a wonderful family, 下一段中what a wonderful life I had以及I can still remember how I felt that day while sitting at the picnic table. 说明作者此时感到家庭的幸福, 根据西方人的信仰判断作者要感谢上帝。11. A. refreshed B. questionedC. occurred D. hit【解析】选D。根据前后语境和I kissed their cheeks可以看出作者想到自己的生活是多么美好。此处hit意为“使突然想起”。【易错警示】如选C, 则需用it occurred to me. . . 。
12. A. lifestyle B. time C. world D. occupation【解析】选B。 从前文情节可知作者一家玩得很好。于是作者认为再忙, 只要和所爱的人在一起也高兴。这是对文章的开头Life is colorful. Sometimes it’s just like potato salad; when it’s shared, it becomes a picnic. 呼应。13. A left alone B. left behindC. moved away D. ran away【解析】选C。 考查动词短语辨析。 leave alone别管; leave behind落后; move away搬走; run away逃跑。根据grown up和home以及生活常识能判断出孩子们长大后离开了家。
14. A. handsome B. youngC. mature D. grown【解析】选D。根据前文Even though kids have now grown up 可知。15. A. picnic B. salad C. life D. purpose【解析】选A。与文章首段Life is colorful. Sometimes it’s just like potato salad; when it’s shared, it becomes a picnic. 呼应。
专题能力提升练
专题能力提升练 十九限时25分钟Passage 1(2020·山东师范大学附中高三月考) When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship. Having been a Straight A student, I believed I could 1 tough subjects and really learn something. One such course was World Literature given by Professor Jayne. I was extremely interested in the ideas he 2 in class.
When I took the first exam of my best subject English, I was 3 to find a 77, C plus, on my test paper. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained 4 . I decided to try harder, and I read the books more carefully, but got another 77 again. I 5 with Professor Jayne. Again, he listened patiently but wouldn’t change his 6 . One more test before the final exam. One more chance to improve my grade. So I redoubled my effort and, for the first time 7 the meaning of the word “thorough”. But my efforts were no good and everything 8 as before.
The last hurdle(障碍) was the final. No matter what 9 I got, it wouldn’t cancel three C pluses. I might as well kiss the 10 goodbye. I stopped working hard. I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would. The night before the final, I even 11 myself to a movie. The next day I decided for once I’d have 12 with a test. A Week later, I was surprised to find I got an A. I hurried into Professor Jayne’s office. He 13 to be expecting me, “ If I gave you the As you 14 , you wouldn’t continue to work hard. ”
I stared at him 15 that his analysis and strategy(策略)were correct. I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A plus. The next year I received my scholarship. I always remembered professor Jayne’s lesson: you alone must set your own standard of excellence. 【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过叙述自己在Jayne教授所教科目下, 努力争取A级并获得奖学金的故事告诉我们: 不管做什么事, 自身的努力不可或缺, 任何人都有泄气的时候, 但只有通过不断努力, 给自己设定目标, 才能不断进步。
1. A. take B. discuss C. cover D. get【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 作为一个优等生, 我相信我可以选修一些困难的科目, 并真正学到一些东西。由下文的subjects可推断, 此处表示选修一些课程, 学习一门课程, 修一门课程, 习惯上都用take。故选A。2. A. sought B. presentedC. exchanged D. obtained【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我非常喜欢他在课堂上提出的一些观点。 sought寻求; presented提出; exchanged交换; obtained获得。此处指的是老师在课堂上所提出的观点思想, 是我非常喜欢的, 因此作者选修了这门课程。present ideas提出观点。故选B。
3. A. shocked B. worried C. scared D. anxious【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。当我参加第一次考试时, 我震惊地发现我的试卷上只有77分, 一个C+。第一段讲我对自己信心满满, 可第二段来个大转折, 第一次考试后, 意外地发现竟然只得了77分, 所以是shocked非常吃惊的, 而worried担心的, scared害怕的, anxious焦急的, 都不符合人物心理感受。故选A。
4. A. unchanged B. unpleasantC. unfriendly D. unmoved【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 我去找杰恩教授, 他听了我的论点, 但无动于衷。unchanged不改变的; unpleasant不开心的; unfriendly不友好的; unmoved不为所动的。根据“but remained”可知, 老师没有改变给我的分数。故选D。
5. A. quarreled B. reasonedC. bargained D. chatted【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我又一次和杰恩教授理论。quarreled争吵; reasoned争辩, 推理; bargained讨价还价; chatted闲谈。我再次遭遇77分, 于是再次去找老师理论, reason with sb. 与某人讲道理, 说服某人。故选B。
6. A. attitude B. mind C. plan D. view【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他又一次耐心地听着, 但就是不愿改变主意。这里, 老师听完之后, 再次无动于衷, 他没有改变他的. . . , attitude迷惑性最大, 注意, 这里探讨的还是分数能不能更改的事, 而change one’s mind是英语中一个比较常见的搭配, 意为“改变一个人的想法或决定”, 相对于态度, 改分数的事更多是关于改变决定的。故选B。
7. A. memorized B. considered C. accepted D. learned【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 于是我加倍努力, 第一次懂得了“彻底”这个词的含义。这一次, 我显然是拼命学习, 那么是真的第一次了解到什么叫“彻底”了。故选D。8. A. stayed B. went C. worked D. changed【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 但我的努力没有奏效, 一切都像以前一样。根据“my efforts were no good”可知我的努力结果不好, 跟以前一样, 没有改变。everything goes well, 一切都很顺利, 这里是一切都像从前一样, 用go就很合理了, 故选B。
9. A. grade B. answerC. lesson D. comment【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 不管我得多少分, 都不能取消三个C+。根据后文“three C pluses”可知此处指的是分数。 故选A。10. A. scholarship B. courseC. degree D. subject【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我还是跟奖学金说再见吧。根据文章第一段“to earn a scholarship”和最后一段“I received my scholarship”可知, 这里是我以为自己拿不到奖学金了。故选A。
11. A. helped B. favored C. treated D. relaxed【解析】选C。考查动词和固定搭配, 句意: 在期末考试的前一天晚上, 我甚至请自己去看了电影。treat sb. to+饭/娱乐活动, 是固定搭配, 意为“请某人吃饭/娱乐”等。 I even treated myself to a movie表示考前很放松, 自己掏钱去看电影。故选C。12. A. fun B. luck C. problems D. tricks【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 第二天, 我决定开心地考一次试。根据前文考前请自己看电影, 可知这里指“乐趣”。这时“我”是很放松的, 甚至考试的时候, 决定把考试当作一种fun乐趣, 而与luck运气, problem问题, trick把戏技巧, 没有关系。故选A。
13. A. happened B. provedC. pretended D. seemed【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 他好像在等我。happen to碰巧; 意外, prove to证明, pretend to假装, seem to好像, 似乎。根据语境可知, 一周后, 惊喜地发现自己居然得了A, 跑去找老师, 发现老师好像早料到“我”会来, 所以在等。故选D。
14. A. valued B. imaginedC. expected D. welcomed【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: “如果我给了你所期望的A, 你就不会继续努力学习了。”根据下文“you wouldn’t continue to work hard”并结合上文内容可知, 老师说, 如果我原来给了你所期望的成绩A, 那么你就不会这么努力付出了。所以是expect期待期望。故选C。
15. A. remembering B. guessingC. supposing D. realizing【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我盯着他, 意识到他的分析和策略是正确的。下文“his analysis and strategy were correct. ”是我领会的, 意识到的东西。此处表示我看着他, 这时才真正明白了他的用心。故选D。
Passage 2 (2020·烟台二模) Years ago, my grandmother was in a nursing home. She was a retired university professor, which brought her an ocean of 1 she had taught before. In sharp 2 with my grandmother, almost no one came to see the old man next door. He was 3 most of the time. Once I 4 him, “How are you doing recently?” He gave me a look, saying nothing. Thinking he was 5 of hearing, I raised my voice and
asked again. He just shook his head slightly. After a long while, finding I was 6 there, he just said, “Fine. ” Then he looked away. I had to shut up, feeling rather 7 . Later, I learned that the old man had got quite a few companies from his family. Since he was not a good 8 , he annoyed many people and even made his family and friends 9 . And 10 , his companies all failed. So what is the most important 11 a person can have? Perhaps you think making money is the answer. No! But the ability to 12 your thoughts is. It’s extremely important for a person to learn to put what he thinks into
13 . It makes a relationship 14 and a career flourish (繁荣). I’m afraid this is something many of us 15 . Just think: How many of us have ever hurt those who love us just because we are not good at speaking? So, more often than not, it is not what we think but how we speak that determines how far we can go in life. 【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文, 作者在养老院里一个不太会说话的老人身上认识到一个人最重要的能力是会说话(用语言表达自己的想法), 我们说话的方式决定了我们的人生能达到什么样的高度。
1. A. neighbors B. friendsC. relatives D. visitors【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 她是一名退休的大学教授, 所以有很多学生来探望她。根据空后的“In sharp ______with my grandmother, almost no one came to see the old man next door. ”可知, 与“我”祖母形成鲜明对比的是, 几乎没有人来看隔壁的老人, 这说明来探望“我”祖母的人很多, 故D项正确。
2. A. agreement B. contrastC. conflict D. company【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 与我祖母形成鲜明对比的是, 几乎没有人来看隔壁的老人。 agreement一致; contrast对比; conflict冲突; company陪伴。上段说“我”祖母是一名退休的大学教授, 所以有很多学生来探望她, 再结合空后的“almost no one came to see the old man next door. ”可知, 几乎没有人来看隔壁的老人, 这与“我”祖母形成鲜明的对比, 故B项正确。
3. A. alone B. calmC. high-spirited D. impatient【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 他大部分时间都是独自一人。空前一句说几乎没有人来看隔壁的老人, 所以他大部分时间都是独自一人, 故A项正确。
4. A. questioned B. greetedC. encountered D. encouraged【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 有一次我跟他打招呼, “你最近怎么样?”, 他看了我一眼, 什么也没说。 questioned询问; greeted问候、打招呼; encountered遭遇; encouraged鼓励。根据空后的“How are you doing recently?”可知, “我”跟那个老人打招呼, 故B项正确。
5. A. tired B. ashamedC. hard D. short【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 我以为他听力不太好, 就提高嗓门又问了一遍。空前一句说有一次我跟他打招呼, 他只是看了我一眼, 什么也没说, 再结合空后的“I raised my voice and asked again. ”可知, “我”提高嗓门又问了一遍, 这说明“我”以为他听力不太好, be short of表示“……不足”, 故D项正确。
6. A. always B. already C. also D. still【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 过了很长一段时间, 他发现我还在那儿, 就说: “不错”, 然后他转过头去, 我不得不闭嘴, 觉得很不舒服。上文说有一次“我”主动跟他打招呼, 他只是看了“我”一眼, 什么也没说, “我”以为他听力不太好, 就提高嗓门又问了一遍, 这说明“我”还在那儿没走, 故D项正确。
7. A. uncomfortable B. concernedC. helpless D. innocent【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。uncomfortable不舒服的; concerned关心的; helpless无助的; innocent无辜的。上文说他发现“我”还在那儿, 只是淡淡地说了一句“不错”, 甚至都没有礼貌性地说句谢谢, 然后就把头转过去了, 推断他的这种态度让“我”觉得很不舒服, 故A项正确。
8. A. expert B. competitorC. speaker D. partner【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 由于他不是一个会说话的人(他不太会说话), 他惹恼了很多人, 甚至使他的家人和朋友都走开了。根据上文说的“我”和他打招呼时他对“我”的态度可知, 他不是一个会说话的人(他不太会说话), 故C项正确。
9. A. break down B. pull awayC. fall behind D. drop out【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。 break down出故障; pull away离开; fall behind落后; drop out退出、退学。根据空前的“he annoyed many people”可知, 他惹恼了很多人, 甚至使他的家人和朋友都走开了, 故B项正确。
10. A. typically B. obviouslyC. unexpectedly D. consequently【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 结果, 他的公司都倒闭了。 typically典型地; obviously明显地; unexpectedly意外地; consequently结果、因此。空前说后来“我”得知以前他经营好几家公司, 但由于不太会说话, 他惹恼了很多人, 甚至使他的家人和朋友都走开了, 推知结果, 他的公司都倒闭了, 故D项正确。
11. A. skill B. challengeC. principle D. qualification【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 那么, 一个人最重要的技能(能力)是什么呢?也许你认为是赚钱。根据空后的“Perhaps you think making money is the answer. ”可知, 也许你认为是赚钱, 因此此处问的是一个人最重要的技能是什么, 空后的“the ability”也是提示, 故A项正确。
12. A. update B. developC. express D. dominate【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 不!答案是能够表达你的想法。空后一句说对一个人来说, 学会用语言表达自己的想法是极其重要的, 它能使关系持久, 事业兴旺, 因此一个人最重要的技能是能够表达自己的想法, 故C项正确。
13. A. action B. wordsC. plans D. consideration【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 对一个人来说, 学会用语言表达自己的想法是极其重要的, 它能使关系持久, 事业兴旺。根据句意可知此处是说用语言表达自己的想法, 故B项正确。14. A. appear B. worsen C. collapse D. last【解析】选D。根据空后的“a career flourish”可知, 它能使关系持久, 事业兴旺, 故D项正确。
15. A. lack B. possess C. oppose D. defense【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 恐怕这是我们许多人所缺乏的。空后一句说试想一下: 我们中有多少人曾经因为不会说话而伤害过爱我们的人?因此此处是说会说话的能力是我们许多人所缺乏的, 故A项正确。
【点睛】本篇第4空A项questioned的干扰性较大, 有些同学看到空后的问句会想当然地以为是“询问他最近怎么样”而误选此项, 但空后的“How are you doing recently?”是招呼语, 因此此处是说“我”在和他打招呼, 即: 有一次我跟他打招呼, “你最近怎么样?”, 他看了我一眼, 什么也没说, 故B项(greeted)正确。
Passage 3(2020·泰安二模) I was 17 years old. Along with a dozen other boys I had made a long trip to Iowa in order to see a college that I was thinking of 1 . While the trip had been 2 for the most part, now I was there feeling depressed, alone, and isolated. I was missing my 3 and I was also missing the Appalachian mountains and the forests of my home. I loved 4 the leaves turned a thousand shades of green in the Spring and then 5 a sea of red, gold, and orange in the Fall.
Here in Iowa everything was 6 . The grass looked burnt and brown. All that I could 7 was a mixture of corn, mud, and pigs. I walked outside the dormitory of the college and sat on an old stump. I closed my eyes and 8 being back home again. When I finally opened them, however, I saw something that touched my 9 . It was a Prairie Sunset. It seemed to 10 the sky from horizon to horizon. Gold, red, purple and pink clouds all 11 together in a picture painted by Heaven’s own hand. It was so huge that it took my breath away. It made our mountain sunsets seem 12 by comparison. I realized that this place also had its own special beauty. This place also was a
part of nature’s 13 . Over the years to come I learned something else. Each of us has a special beauty 14 . Each of us has our own 15 talents and abilities. 【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者参观了自己正考虑就读的大学, 但是起初对于那里的风景感到失望, 但后来为那里的落日震撼, 由此感叹, 每个地方、每个人都有独特的美。
1. A. assisting B. attendingC. visiting D. quitting【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 为了参观一所我正考虑就读的大学, 我和其他十几个男孩长途跋涉来到艾奥瓦州。 assisting辅助; attending出席, 上(大学等); visiting参观; quitting离开, 放弃。作者去艾奥瓦州是为了考查自己想要就读的大学, 故选B。
2. A. fun B. hardC. novel D. tiresome【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 虽然这趟旅行大部分都很有趣, 但现在我在那里却感到沮丧、孤独和孤立。根据句意, 分析本句结构可知, 本句与后半句I was there feeling depressed, alone, and isolated表转折关系, 推知这趟行程大部分都很有趣, 故选A。3. A. chance B. school C. family D. goal【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我想念我的家人, 我也想念我家乡的阿巴拉契亚山脉和森林。作者想念家人, 故选C。
4. A. when B. howC. why D. whether【解析】选B。考查连接词用法。句意: 我喜欢看树叶在春天变成一千种不同的绿色, 然后在秋天变成一片红色、金色和橙色的海洋。这里how表示“方式”, 作者亲眼目睹过春天山林里, 叶子是如何呈现千种深浅不一的绿色, 又眼见过它们如何在秋天变成五彩斑斓的海洋, 故选B。
5. A. became B. floodedC. drew D. surrounded【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。此处指树叶在秋天变成五彩斑斓的海洋, 故选A。6. A. easy B. beautiful C. flat D. rough【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 在艾奥瓦州这里, 一切都很单调。通过上文对家乡美景的描述和下文这里的描述, 可知作者做出对比, 这里的一切都是平淡和单调的, 故选C。
7. A. hear B. touch C. taste D. smell【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我能闻到的只有玉米、泥土和猪的混合气味。作者起初对此地心生厌弃, 所以能闻到的只有玉米、泥土和猪的混合气味。此处为嗅觉感触, 故选D。8. A. cared about B. prepared forC. dreamed of D. thought over【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 我闭上眼睛, 梦见又回到了家。 cared about关心; prepared for为……做准备; dreamed of梦想; thought over仔细考虑。作者起初对此地失望, 再一次想到了家乡, 故选C。
9. A. body B. soul C. face D. pain【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 然而, 当我最终睁开眼睛时, 我看到了一些触动我灵魂的东西。作者看到五彩斑斓的云布满天空, 感受到了心灵的震颤, 触动了灵魂, 故选B。10. A. fill B. cover C. separate D. block【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 它似乎从地平线到地平线布满了天空。这里指云彩漫布天际, 故选A。
11. A. folded B. sank C. escaped D. flowed【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 金的、红的、紫的、粉的云彩, 在上帝亲手绘制的一幅画里, 一起流动。这里是指云彩瞬息万变, 像是在一幅画里四处流动(flow), 故选D。12. A. tiny B. pale C. splendid D. weak【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 相比之下, 这让我们的山景显得渺小。根据上文It was so huge that it took my breath away(它太大了, 我简直无法呼吸)可知, 此处与huge表对比, 故选A。
13. A. change B. punishmentC. creation D. reflection【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 这个地方也是大自然创造的一部分。根据上文对落日的描述, 可知这个地方的美也是来自自然的造化, 故选C。14. A. as well B. in additionC. for sure D. in between【解析】选A。考查副词短语辨析。句意: 我们每个人也都有独特的美。 as well也, 同样; in addition此外; for sure确定, 毫无疑问地; in between在中间, 进退两难。此句为作者在目睹艾奥瓦州落日之后生发的感慨, 风景很美, 我们每个人亦是如此, 故选A。
15. A. extra B. uniqueC. possible D. reasonable【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 我们每个人都有自己独特的天赋和能力。根据上文作者对于艾奥瓦州的落日的描述, 这个地方有它独特的美, 此处推而及人, 每个人同样都有独特的美, 故选B。
专题能力提升练 二十限时25分钟Passage 1(2020·临沂高三期末) Three years ago, I participated in Model United Nations(MUN)held by the Education Department, which was a mock(模拟的)UN activity. During the two days, students are separated in different groups which 1 different countries to debate and try to solve problems. MUN has 2 awards: best delegates(代表), honorary mentions, and verbal mentions.
Each time I participate in MUN, I made good 3 and undoubtedly got a few awards. But I often felt as if I’d 4 because I had never won the best delegate award. I 5 those who didn’t deserve to win the award but won it various times, and I was just filled with 6 at their success. But later I realized that it was also 7 not to get the award because I could actually 8 something, and that I shouldn’t 9 the best delegate award until I was the best delegate I could be.
Failures are completely subjective—we can look at a result as a failure or a 10 . Any failure can be regarded as a(n) 11 because you can always learnsomething from it and do 12 next time. This is supported by John Locke’s theory that we are born with blank views: knowledge and ability are learned from our 13 . That’s true. If I make a mistake in the life practice, then I probably won’t 14 that next time. I believe this is 15 the best way to become better.
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者参加由教育署举办的模拟联合国活动, 每次参加都做好充分准备, 仍旧没有获得最佳代表奖, 从这些经历中作者意识到, 尽管没有获奖但是学到了很多东西。失败是完全主观的事情, 可以被看做是失败也可以看做是胜利。我们的知识来源于我们的经历, 想要变得更好的方法是不再重复犯错。
1. A. strengthen B. condemnC. inspire D. represent【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 在为期两天的会议中, 与会者分成不同的委员会, 代表不同的国家, 讨论并试图解决问题。 strengthen加强; condemn谴责; inspire鼓舞; represent代表。根据常识, 联合国会议上, 与会者代表不同的国家。故选D。
2. A. identical B. temporaryC. various D. false【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 模联有各种各样的奖项, 但它们可以总结为最佳代表奖、荣誉奖和口头奖。 identical相同的; temporary短暂的; various各种各样的; false假造的。根据文章可知, 有各种各样的奖项。故选C。
3. A. preparations B. predictionsC. appointments D. explanations【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 每次我参加模联赛, 我都做好充分的准备, 并且毫无疑问地获得了一些奖项。 preparations准备; predictions预测; appointments约定; 任命; explanations解释。根据下文undoubtedly got a few awards可知, 作者做好了充分的准备。故选A。
4. A. accelerated B. failedC. excited D. succeeded【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 但是我经常觉得我失败了, 因为我没有获得最佳代表奖。 accelerated加速; failed失败; excited使兴奋; succeeded成功。根据下文because I had never won the best delegate award可知, 作者经常觉得似乎我失败了。故选B。
5. A. approached B. trainedC. expected D. witnessed【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我见证了那些没有资格赢得这个奖项但却多次获奖的人。 approached接近; trained训练; expected期待; witnessed见证。根据上文because I had never won the best delegate award. 可知作者从来没有赢得过最佳代表奖, 但是见证过那些没有资格赢得这个奖项但却多次获奖的人。故选D。
6. A. relief B. envyC. satisfaction D. delight【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我只是对他们的成功充满嫉妒。根据上文I had never won the best delegate award. I ______those who didn’t deserve to win the award but won it various times可知, 我没有赢得最高代表奖, 见证过那些没有资格赢得这个奖项但却多次获奖的人, 因此作者对他们的成功充满嫉妒。故选B。
7. A. annoyed B. ashamedC. good D. terrible【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 后来我意识到没有获奖是件好事, 因为我确实可以学到一些东西。根据because I could actually ______something可知, 作者意识到没有获奖是件好事。故选C。 8. A. desert B. learn C. delete D. display【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 后来我意识到没有获奖是件好事, 因为我确实可以学到一些东西。根据上下文是因果关系可知, 此处是说作者确实可以学到一些东西。故选B。
9. A. win B. miss C. deliver D. value【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 直到我成为我能做的最好的代表, 我才获得最佳代表奖。此处not. . . until. . . 表示“直到……才……”, 根据下文until I was the best delegate I could be. 可知, 直到作者成为我能做的最好的代表, 作者才获得最佳代表奖。故选A。10. A. bond B. bet C. victory D. loss【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 失败是主观的——我们可以把结果看做失败, 或者看做胜利。or表示选择, 根据上文Failures are completely subjective可推断, 失败完全是主观的, 因此我们可以把结果看做失败或者看做是一次胜利。故选C。
11. A. aim B. benefit C. burden D. limit【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 任何失败都可以被视为一种收益, 因为你总能从那次经历中学到一些东西, 下次做得更好。根据because you can always learn something from it可知, 任何失败都可以被视为一种收益。故选B。12. A. funnier B. worse C. better D. slower【解析】选C。考查形容词比较级辨析。句意同上。根据上文you can always learn something from it 可知, 从中受益, 下次能够做得更好。故选C。
13. A. decisions B. attitudesC. positions D. experiences【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 约翰·洛克的理论支持这一点, 即我们生来是块白板: 知识和能力是从我们的经历中获得的。根据上文Any failure can be regarded as a(n) ______because you can always learn something from it and do ______next time. 可知, 我们的知识和能力从我们的经历中获得。故选D。
14. A. repeat B. admit C. accept D. notice【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 如果我犯了一次错误, 那么下次我可能就不会再犯了。根据下句I believe this is ______the best way to become better. 可知, 如果作者犯了一次错误, 那么下次他可能就不会再犯了。故选A。 15. A. wrongly B. scarcelyC. truly D. narrowly【解析】选C。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 我相信这真正是变得更好的最好的方法。用truly加强语气, 此处对上文总结。从经历中学习, 不重复犯错误, 这才真正是变得更好的最好的方法。故选C。
Passage 2(2020·聊城二模) An act of kindness doesn’t have to be a grand gesture. Even those small acts of kindness can make a difference in someone’s day. That was just the case for Amie Mickey when she 1 a bumper sticker (车尾贴) on her car reading: You Matter.
Amie started to do this several years ago. At first, she wondered if people would 2 it. However, much to her surprise, she began seeing a flood of 3 every time she hit the road. More often than not, people 4 slowly near her car would roll down their windows, raising their 5 , waving and smiling. Sometimes, she even found some sticky notes left on her windshield saying things like “You 6 too! “Once while she was driving down the highway, she became 7 when a man driving a sports car at a high speed pulled his car alongside suddenly, waving and mouthing, “You matter!” Though it took her some time to recover from the 8 , she still felt happy. Last year, someone
9 her car while she was waiting for her friend in the car by the roadside, saying to her, “It is a(n) 10 sticker. I’ve seen various stickers before, but none of them have touched me as your sticker has done. “The two small words on the sticker seem simple enough, but they really struck a chord with many complete strangers who 11 to catch sight of the sticker.
Stories like Amie’s really 12 the rest of us. Sometimes a kind word or gesture may lift our 13 and it doesn’t cost a thing except for a little extra thought. Maybe it means offering a friend a hug, praising the children whentheir children 14 well in school, helping someone out or volunteering at nursing homes. Acts of kindness are waiting everywhere. Small as they seem, they can make a 15 impact on the world, and help form general goodness. 【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了Amie Mickey在汽车上贴了一张写着“你很重要”的纸条。通过这种小的善意行为来传播正能量。
1. A. tore up B. picked upC. fixed up D. put up【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意: Amie Mickey就是这样的例子, 她在自己的汽车保险杠上贴了一张贴纸, 上面写着: 你很重要。 tore up撕碎; picked up捡起来; fixed up修理; put up张贴, 提供。根据后文a bumper sticker on her car可知是在车上张贴了(put up)贴纸。故选D。2. A. watch B. overlook C. notice D. ignore【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 起初, 她想知道人们是否会注意到它。根据后文would roll down their windows, raising their可知人们都注意到了这个贴纸, 并且摇下窗和Amie打招呼。后文it指代贴纸。故选C。
3. A. attention B. confusionC. strangers D. passers-by【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 然而, 令她吃惊的是, 她开始发现, 每一次出门, 就会有很多人注意她。 attention注意; confusion困惑; strangers陌生人; passers-by行人。根据后文would roll down their windows, raising their可知她车上的贴纸吸引了人们的注意。故选A。4. A. running B. driving C. walking D. riding【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 通常情况下, 在她的车附近缓慢行驶的人们会摇下车窗, 竖起大拇指, 挥手微笑。通过上下文分析, 划线后提到 “人们摇下车窗”, 可知此处表示缓慢开车的人。故选B。
5. A. voices B. hats C. shoulders D. thumbs【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 通常情况下, 在她的车附近缓慢行驶的人们会摇下车窗, 竖起大拇指, 挥手微笑。同时根据下文可知, 人们对他的行为表示称赞。故此处的 thumbs 表示称赞认可, 所以竖起拇指。故选D。6. A. count B. share C. value D. matter【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 有时, 她甚至发现一些便利贴留在挡风玻璃上, 上面写着“你也很重要!”通过上下文分析, 此处和前句提到别人对Amie的行为表示“赞赏, 挥手, 微笑” 并列。也是表达了别人对他行为的认可。同时和后文提到的 “You matter!”相呼应。故选D。
7. A. frightened B. discouragedC. embarrassed D. disappointed【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 有一次她在高速公路上开车, 一个开着跑车的男人突然把车开到她旁边, 一边挥手, 一边用嘴说: “你很重要!”, 她吓了一跳。 frightened害怕的; discouraged灰心的; embarrassed尴尬的; disappointed失望的。通过后文when a man driving a sports car at a high speed pulled his car alongside suddenly可知男人突然把车开到她旁边, 所以Amie应该是感到很害怕的。故选A。
8. A. parking B. speed C. incident D. event【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 虽然她花了一段时间才从那次事件中恢复过来, 但她仍然感到快乐。通过上下文分析, 此处指代上题提到的 “一个开着跑车的男人突然把车开到她旁边, 一边挥手, 一边用嘴说: “你很重要!” 。因此Amie感到“吓一跳”这件事, 是指从这次事件中恢复过来。incident是指偶然发生的、不太重要的小事。event是指重大而引人注目的事情。此处应用incident。故选C。
9. A. approached B. blockedC. repaired D. cleaned【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 去年, 当她在路边等朋友的时候, 有人走近她的车, 对她说: “这是一个特别的贴纸。”根据后文saying to her可知该空的动词和同句中的saying构成前后的逻辑关系。先靠人, 然后再说话。故选A。
10. A. important B. specialC. typical D. skeptical【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 去年, 当她在路边等朋友的时候, 有人走近她的车, 对她说: “这是一个特别的贴纸。”通过上下文分析, 后句提到I’ve seen various stickers before, but none of them have touched me as your sticker has done. (我以前见过各种各样的贴纸, 但没有一个像你的贴纸那样让我感动)。可知, 这个贴纸和他见过的其他贴纸不一样, 很特别。故选B。
11. A. happened B. occurredC. managed D. offered【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 贴纸上的这两个小字看起来很简单, 但却引起了许多碰巧看到贴纸的陌生人的共鸣。根据后文to catch sight of the sticker可知此处指很多人都是碰巧无意中看到, 而受感动的。短语happen to“碰巧”。故选A。
12. A. shock B. inspire C. delight D. satisfy【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 像艾米这样的故事真的激励了我们其他人。通过上下文分析, 后文讲到Amie 的行为给人们带来了一些思考, 即激励了人们。故选B。13. A. feelings B. thoughts C. spirits D. minds【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 有时候, 一句友善的话语或一个手势可能会让我们的精神振奋起来, 而且它不需要花费任何东西, 只需要多考虑一下。通过上下文分析, 前文提到 “像Amie 这样的故事真的激励了我们其他人”。同时在最后一句话提到 “他们看似渺小, 却能对世界产生积极的影响”。综合分析, 一些小行为会提振我们的精神。故选C。
14. A. work B. exercise C. conduct D. behave【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 也许这意味着给朋友一个拥抱, 当孩子在学校表现良好时表扬他们, 帮助别人或在养老院做志愿者。通过上下文分析, 表扬孩子, 是因为他们在学校的表现不错。故选D。
15. A. reliable B. subjectiveC. positive D. brief【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 他们看似渺小, 却能对世界产生积极的影响, 帮助形成普遍的善良。 reliable可靠的; subjective主观的; positive积极的; brief简短的。通过上下文分析, 此处是对上文进行总结: 前文提到了Amie的这种行为, 给人们带来了很多的共鸣, 激励其他人。还提到“有时候, 一句友善的话语或一个手势可能会让我们的精神振奋起来”。同时在划线后讲到“这些行为帮助我们形成普遍的善良”。可知, 这些行为的影响是积极的。故选C。
【语篇二次利用】一、重点词汇再现1. put up注意体会下列句子中put up 的不同含义They put up their tent and settled down for the night. _____We can put all of you up for the night. _____He put up a notice about the change in price. _____Our landlord keeps threatening to put the rent up. _____When the bird flew towards him, he unconsciously put up her hand to protect himself. _____
搭建
留宿
张贴
提高
举起
2. inspire v鼓舞, 激励; 使产生灵感n. inspiration 灵感; 鼓舞adj. inspiring 鼓舞人心的; 有灵感的The goal we set will inspire us to achieve our dream step by step. 我们设定的目标将激励我们一步一步实现我们的梦想。Dreams can be rich source of inspiration for an artist. 梦境可以成为艺术家灵感的丰富来源。The news is inspiring. 这个消息很是鼓舞人心。
二、写作靓句展示1. However, much to her surprise, she began seeing a flood of attention every time she hit the road. 本句是含有名词短语every time 引导的时间状语从句的复合句。every time, next time, the moment, the minute, the second 等名词可以引导时间状语从句。译文: 然而, 令她吃惊的是, 她开始发现, 每一次出门, 就会有很多人注意她。2. “Once while she was driving down the highway, she became frightened when a man driving a sports car at a high speed pulled his car alongside suddenly, waving and mouthing, “You matter!”
本句为含有两个时间状语从句的复合句, 主句为she became frightened, 从句为while she was driving down the highway和when a man driving a sports car at a high speed pulled his car alongside suddenly, waving and mouthing, “You matter!”; 本句中还出现了三个非谓语动词, 其中driving 为现在分词作定语修饰名词a man, waving 和mouthing 为分词作状语, 表示伴随。译文: 有一次她在高速公路上开车, 一个开着跑车的男人突然把车开到她旁边, 一边挥手, 一边用嘴说: “你很重要!”, 她吓了一跳。
3. Small as they seem, they can make a positive impact on the world, and help form general goodness. 本句为含有as引导的让步状语从句的复合句。as引导让步状语从句时, 必须用倒装结构。译文: 他们虽然看似渺小, 却能对世界产生积极的影响, 帮助形成普遍的善良。三、实际语境运用1. Her charity work is an __________ (inspire) to us all. 2. I was inspired _______(work) harder than before. 3. I wonder if she could _________for a few days. 我不知道她能否让我留宿几天。
inspiration
to work
put me up
4. He jumped off the couch ___________the telephone rang. 他一听到电话响就从沙发上跳起来。5. _______________, he didn’t like to wait that long. (as) 虽然他很有耐心, 他也不愿等那么长时间。
the moment
Patient as he was
第2讲 夹叙夹议文
Our teachers tried teaching us about death during nursing training. As a student nurse, I knew I would see death in my 1 . I had no idea of the 2 it would have on me, however. The first person I saw die was an elderly man, John, who had been 3 for weeks. His heart was failing and the health-care team was keeping him comfortable and 4 his symptoms. He had stopped speaking days before but was still awake at times, and his 5 when we spoke to him was beautiful.
技法探究·素养提升
When I came on to the 6 one morning, the night staff said he had deteriorated (恶化) overnight and had 7 left to leave. A trained nurse and I gave him a bed bath, shaved him and changed his sheets. For the next six hours I 8 his hand and talked to him. The doctor came in regularly and asked if he needed more pain relief but he seemed 9 most of the time. He only occasionally opened his eyes to smile at me. Early in the afternoon the nurse came back in and we washed his face and 10 his hair. As she was just about to leave the room, she stroked his hair and said, “Oh John, just 11 . ” Minutes later, he did.
It has been 20 years since John’s death. I have seen 12 deaths in my time nursing. I have seen staff go far beyond the 13 of their jobs to ensure that a patient has as good a death as possible. I remember some of the other faces, but none is quite as vivid as John’s. He, and the professionals who were 14 him, taught me that it 15 how we treat those who are dying. 【文章大意】本文属于夹叙夹议文。 通过作者作为实习护士见证死亡的过程, 阐述医护人员对待垂死患者的方式是一件非常重要的事情。
1. A. life B. career C. mind D. family【解析】选 B。由后文可知, 作者是一名护士, 所以在职业生涯中会见到死亡。2. A. impact B. differenceC. reflection D. affection【解析】选A。根据短语have an impact on sb. 以及句意可知答案为A。
【易错警示】difference虽然可以表示影响, 但是短语搭配是make a difference to/in。3. A. insisting B. challengingC. struggling D. recovering【解析】选C。通过第二段对John的描述可知, John是一个垂死患者, 所以选struggling。struggle 意为“艰难地行进; 吃力地进行”。
4. A. comforting B. decreasingC. disappearing D. relieving【解析】选D。根据上下文, 医护人员可以做的只能是让他舒适以及减轻他的症状。decrease侧重大小数量上的减少, 语意不符。comfort的宾语通常是人。disappear为不及物动词, 不带宾语。5. A. face B. eyes C. smile D. expression【解析】选C。该题为词汇复现题, 下文中有提到睁开眼睛朝作者微笑, 再根据句子的谓语动词was可知答案是smile。
6. A. ward B. classroom C. hospital D. department【解析】选A。由后文可知, 作者被告知John病情恶化, 并且陪John走过了生命的最后几个小时, 这一切只能是发生在John的病房(ward)里。7. A. days B. hours C. minutes D. seconds【解析】选B。词汇复现题。后文有提及几个小时后, John便离开了人世。
8. A. held B. reached C. hugged D. touched【解析】选A。作者是握着John的手陪他说了六个小时的话, 表明对他的同情。9. A. silent B. painful C. peaceful D. anxious【解析】选C。由前文的but可知John不需要止痛药, 所以是处于很平和的状态。10. A. combed B. tied C. washed D. smelt【解析】选A。医护人员帮John洗了脸梳了头。B、D选项语意不符合, C选项和前面动词重复, 由and连接理应省略。
11. A. come on B. pass away C. let go D. go away【解析】选C。从后文可知, 几分钟后, John就去世了, 所以可得知护士对他说的话是“放手, 安心地离去吧”。let go有放手、放开之意。其余选项均不符合上下文意思。12. A. priceless B. constantC. considerate D. countless【解析】选D。John去世后的二十年里, 作者作为护士看见了不计其数的死亡, 即countless。constant表示动作的持续, 不符合文意。
13. A. qualifications B. abilityC. expectation D. exception【解析】选 C。作者的实习经历讲述了医护人员对患者的关心和照顾, 所以此处应该是医护人员帮助患者, 做了很多工作范围之外的事情, 即超出了工作的预期。14. A. caring for B. looking for C. bringing up D. cheering up【解析】选A。由作者对实习经历的描述可知医护人员对患者是进行照顾, 即care for。
15. A. trains B. works C. influences D. matters【解析】选D。作者的实习经历教导了作者: 医护人员对待垂死患者的方式是一件非常重要的事情, 即matter表示“要紧, 重要”。
【文本整体感知】 1. 解读主旨 夹叙夹议型文章的作者不是单纯地叙述某个人、某件事, 而是在叙述过程中把对人物的语言、行为、心理活动的描写都融入到文章的叙述中去。因此, 要能理清故事发展的脉络, 能够根据人物的语言行为及心理活动等去了解作者的写作意图, 以及对故事的发展和结局作出合理的预测。 本文属于以论说为主的记叙文。主要通过作者作为实习护士见证了死亡的过程, 以及医护人员对患者的关心和照顾, 阐述了医护人员对待垂死患者的态度是一件很重要的事。
2. 理清结构 本文分三部分, 第一部分引入话题——见证死亡对我产生了很大影响; 第二部分也是主体部分, 作者见证了死亡的全过程以及在整个过程中医护人员对垂危老人的关心和照顾; 第三部分为作者的感悟: 医护人员对待垂死患者的态度是一件很重要的事。
【解题思路模板】Ⅰ. 夹叙夹议文是叙事说理。叙事部分往往以时间为线索。本文以时间为线索描述了老人临终前的艰难以及医护人员对老人的关心和照顾。可以分为两条主线, 一条是垂危老人, 另一条是医护人员的关爱。
通过表格我们可以看出在医护人员的关心和照顾下老人走得很安详。Ⅱ. 议论部分是以时间为基础的感悟。从医护人员的行为中可以看出医护人员对待垂死患者的态度是一件很重要的事。从而照应了文章开头。
【完形微技能】技法1 运用上下文联系1. 根据下文作者作为一名护士在医院见证死亡, 所以应该是在她职业生涯中。故选_________。 3. 根据下文“His heart was failing”可知, 在过去的几个星期中老人艰难地前进着。故选_____________。 4. 根据下文“The doctor came in regularly and asked if he needed more pain relief. ”医生所能做的只能是缓解他的痛苦。故选__________。 7. 下文提到老人几个小时后离开了人世。故答案为_______。
B career
C struggling
D relieving
B hours
技法2 依据常识确定最佳答案6. 老人生命垂危, 医护人员陪护最后几小时, 应该是在病房里。故选________。 8. 我应该拉着老人的手同他说话, 故选________。 10. 最后给老人洗了脸, 梳了头。故选___________。
A ward
A held
A combed
【思维迁移升华】根据原文概要, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式 The first person I saw die was 1. ___elderly man called John, who had been 2. _________(struggle) for weeks . The health-care team was keeping him 3. ___________(comfort) and relieving his symptoms but the day did come. He had deteriorated overnight and had only hours left. A trained nurse and I gave him a bed bath, 4. ______(shave) him and changed his sheets. For the next six hours, I held his hand and talked to him. The doctor came in regularly and asked 5. __he needed more pain 6. _____(relieve) . When he opened his eyes 7. ___________(occasional) , he smiled at me. Later, we washed his face and
an
struggling
comfortable
shaved
if
relief
occasionally
combed his hair. With everything 8. _____(do), he closed his eyes forever. The staff tried their best to 9. ______(sure) that a patient has as good a death as possible because it matters how we treat those 10. ____are dying. 【题后反思】1. I have seen staff go far beyond the expectation of their jobs to ensure that a patient has as good a death as possible. 译: ___________________________________________________________
done
ensure
who
我看到医护工作者超出了工作的预期来保证患者尽可能死得安详。
2. He, and the professionals, who were caring for him, taught me that it matters how we treat those who are dying. 译: _________________________________________________________________________
老人和看护他的医务工作者们让我知道: 对待垂死患者的态度是一件很
重要的事。
Passage 1 Born in the United States, I, with black hair and yellow skin, am an American. Yes, I am a US citizen. Yet I 1 early in my childhood that I was very different. It wasn’t until 2 in the early years of primary school that I noticed this difference. Some kids in my class asked me 3 I could speak Chinese. It seemed strange to me that they would be interested in this part of my 4 . I answered “yes” and expected them to say nothing else about it.
新题精练·素养应用
To my surprise, they were 5 to hear me say something in Chinese. When I did so, they said, “Wow, that’s cool!” I had always thought of it as just a strange 6 that came from China. I 7 what had happened that day when I got home. I went into the bathroom to wash my hands as I usually did. I looked at myself in the mirror—the same face was 8 from that morning, but it didn’t 9 the same to me. For the first time, I felt different from the others in my 10 . That day I discovered a part of my life that was 11 —in culture and tradition— from the one I am 12 .
Now I know that we must all remember our 13 , but we must also continue to explore, realizing that 14 is different, with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles. Recognizing these differences should 15 respect for one another. 【文章大意】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。叙述了身为美籍华人的作者在上小学时, 某一天给班上的其他孩子讲中文, 从而第一次认识到自己和班上的其他人不一样, 发现了生活中不同的部分。作者认为我们都必须记住自己的根, 但我们也必须继续探索, 认识到每个人都是不同的, 有自己的信仰、观点、传统和生活方式。认识到这些差异应该导致彼此尊重。
1. A. imagined B. discoveredC. declared D. proved【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 然而, 我在童年时就发现自己与别人很不一样。 imagined想象; discovered发现; declared宣称; proved证明。作者是生活在美国的美籍华人, 黑头发黄皮肤, 便发现了自己与其他同学有很大的不同。倒数第二段中I discovered a part of my life 也是提示。故选B。
2. A. one moment B. one eveningC. one day D. one year【解析】选C。考查词义辨析。句意: 直到上小学的某一天, 我才注意到这种差异。根据后文in the early years of primary school可知是指作者上小学的某一天, 应用one day。故选C。3. A. why B. how C. when D. if【解析】选D。考查连接词辨析。句意: 我班上的一些孩子问我是否会说中文。此处为宾语从句, 从句中不缺少成分, 表示“是否”应用if。故选D。
4. A. life B. story C. secret D. program【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我觉得很奇怪, 他们会对我生活的这一部分感兴趣, 我回答说“是的”, 并希望他们别再说别的。作者作为中国人能够说中文, 这属于他生活中的一部分。倒数第二段中I discovered a part of my life 也是提示。故选A。5. A. pleased B. amused C. puzzled D. eager【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 令我惊讶的是, 他们渴望听到我用中文说些什么。结合后文to hear me say something in Chinese可知是指其他孩子渴望听到作者用中文说话。be eager to do sth. “急切地想做某事”。故选D。
6. A. tradition B. commentC. language D. reply【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我一直认为它只是一种来自中国的奇怪语言。 tradition传统; comment评论; language语言; reply回答。根据后文that came from China可知作者认为中文只是来自中国的奇怪语言。故选C。
7. A. wrote down B. thought aboutC. talked about D. forgot about【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 我回到家, 想着那天发生的事。 wrote down写下; thought about思考; talked about谈论; forgot about忘记。结合后文作者意识到自己的不同可知, 作者一直在思考那天发生的事情。故选B。
8. A. out B. up C. next D. there【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 我看着镜子里的自己——在那里还是那天早上的那张脸, 但对我来说似乎已经不一样了。此处指in the mirror应用there。故选D。9. A. remain B. seem C. act D. show【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我看着镜子里的自己——在那里还是那天早上的那张脸, 但对我来说似乎已经不一样了。结合上下文语境, 可知经过了在学校给其他孩子说中文的事情, 作者觉得似乎(seem)自己有一些不一样了。故选B。
10. A. family B. class C. team D. country【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我第一次觉得自己和班上的其他人不一样。根据第二段中Some kids in my class可知作者与班上的其他孩子不一样。故选B。11. A. different B. interestingC. strange D. valuable【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 那天, 我发现了生活中不同的一部分——文化和传统——和我现在生活的不同。根据上文For the first time, I felt different from the others in my可知作者发现了生活中不同的一部分。故选A。
12. A. learning B. expectingC. living D. reporting【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 那天, 我发现了生活中不同的一部分——文化和传统——和我现在生活的不同。结合上文That day I discovered a part of my life可知是指与作者现在过着的生活所不同的一部分。故选C。
13. A. past B. positions C. duties D. roots【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 现在我知道, 我们都必须记住自己的根, 但我们也必须继续探索, 认识到每个人都是不同的, 有自己的信仰、观点、传统和生活方式。结合后文with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles可知作者意识到每个人要记住自己的根, 有自己的信仰、观点、传统和生活方式。故选D。
14. A. nobody B. nothingC. everyone D. everything【解析】选C。考查不定代词辨析。句意: 现在我知道, 我们都必须记住自己的根, 但我们也必须继续探索, 认识到每个人都是不同的, 有自己的信仰、观点、传统和生活方式。根据后文with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles可知作者认识到每个人都是不同的, 有自己的信仰、观点、传统和生活方式。故选C。
15. A. lead to B. stick toC. devote to D. refer to【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 认识到这些差异应该导致彼此尊重。 lead to导致; stick to坚持; devote to致力于; refer to参考。结合后文respect for one another可知认识到这些差异应该导致彼此的尊重。故选A。
Passage 2 (2020·上海三模) If you’re going to be a straight talker, you have to believe that it’s a virtue, that it’s an attribute you want associated with yourself. If you have an opinion and you just 1 it, it allows the other person to either try to change your opinion, to agree with you, or to agree to 2 —they have an action they can take. If you are quiet, people think you agree. How can you then 3 the conversation when you’re at different points and it’s not really exposed? Agreeing is easy. Disagreeing takes more 4 .
Several years back, when I was CEO at Autodesk(欧特克, 美国电脑软件公司), there was a senior-level woman who was very smart and well spoken, but she didn’t wear 5 clothes. It was 6 and she was not being taken seriously. I said to her manager, who was male, “You need to tell her. ” He said, “Oh, no way. ” So I called her in and 7 stated what I thought was happening. I told her, “You’re not getting the respect you 8 . ” I said, “Go to Nordstrom’s(诺德斯特龙, 美国高档连锁百货店) and get a 9 shopper. Just say, “I’m a senior businessperson and need help dressing like one. ” She came back, and honest to
God, it was a different person. She said she felt really good. And her currency went way up. Early in my business career, if people asked me a question, I’d try to answer it honestly. And that was 10 . I had managers who wanted me around because I would actually tell them what was happening. I was raised by my grandma, and she was a pretty 11 talker because she thought you could 12 it. My advice is, 13 your toe in. If you’re honest and truthful, what is somebody going to say, that you’re 14 because you believe something?
Being honest and 15 is part of being a good friend, a good associate, and a good leader. It’s also why I know I could never be a politician. 【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者认为如果你想成为一个直言不讳的人, 你必须相信这是一种美德, 是你想要与自己联系起来的一种属性, 并结合了自己对于女同事衣着不合适坦白提出意见的事例。指出坦诚待人也会获得回报, 别人并不会认为你愚蠢。作者认为诚实和真实是成为好朋友、好伙伴和好领导的一部分。
1. A. explain B. exclaim C. claim D. state【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 如果你有一个观点, 你只是陈述出来, 这就允许其他人要么试图改变你的观点, 赞同你, 要么从同意到不同意——他们有他们可以采取的行动。 explain解释; exclaim呼喊; claim宣称; state陈述, 规定。结合上文If you have an opinion and you just可知此处指陈述观点应用state。故选D。
2. A. favour B. approve C. disagree D. doubt【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 如果你有一个观点, 你只是陈述出来, 这就允许其他人要么试图改变你的观点, 赞同你, 要么从同意到不同意——他们有他们可以采取的行动。 favour赞成; approve批准; disagree不同意; doubt怀疑。根据上文to agree to可知是指从同意到不同意。故选C。
3. A. grow B. further C. change D. stop【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 当你们处在不同的位置, 而且没有真正暴露出来的时候, 你们怎么能进一步进行对话呢? grow成长; further进一步, 增进; change改变; stop停止。结合语境可知, 当双方处于不同的位置, 如果不直接陈述各自的观点, 对话是无法进一步(further)深入的。故选B。4. A. efforts B. trouble C. time D. courage【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 不同意需要更多的勇气。结合上文Agreeing is easy. 可知同意很容易, 那么不同意就需要更多的勇气才可以。故选D。
5. A. appropriate B. smartC. formal D. uniform【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 有一个高层的女人, 她很聪明, 说话也很得体, 但她穿的衣服不合适。根据上文but she didn’t wear可推知but表示转折, 说明这个女人穿的衣服不太合适。故选A。
6. A. ignored B. distractingC. disappointing D. disapproving【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 这让人分心, 她也没有被认真对待。 ignored被忽视的; distracting分心的; disappointing令人失望的; disapproving不赞成的。根据后文she was not being taken seriously. 可知女人因为自己的衣服而没有被认真对待, 说明她的衣服让人分心, 故选B。
7. A. rightly B. timidly C. cautiously D. frankly【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 所以我把她叫了进来, 坦白地告诉她我认为发生了什么。根据后文I’d try to answer it honestly. 可知作者始终强调要诚实和真实, 故可推知作者坦白地告诉了女人这件事。故选D。8. A. demand B. require C. expect D. deserve【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 你没有得到应得的尊重。根据上文she was not being taken seriously. 可知女人没有得到她应得的尊重。故选D。
9. A. personal B. catalog C. fellow D. secret【解析】选A。考查词义辨析。句意: 去Nordstrom’s找个私人采购员。 personal私人的; catalog名词, 目录; fellow同类的; secret秘密的。根据后文Just say, “I’m a senior businessperson and need help dressing like one. ”可推知作者建议女人去找私人采购员帮自己买衣服。故选A。
10. A. rewarded B. awardedC. paid D. responded【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 那是有回报的。 rewarded奖赏; awarded授予; paid支付; responded回答。结合后文I had managers who wanted me around because I would actually tell them what was happening. 可知作者得到了经理的信任, 说明诚实是有回报的。故选A。
11. A. direct B. straight C. reasoning D. creative【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 我是奶奶带大的, 她说话很直爽, 因为她认为你能应付得了。根据上文I was raised by my grandma可知作者是个坦白诚实的人, 而作者是由奶奶带大的, 说明作者是受奶奶的影响, 奶奶说话也很直接。第一段中you’re going to be a straight talker也有提示, straight talker表示“说话直接的人”。故选B。
12. A. grant B. recognizeC. handle D. acknowledge【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我是奶奶带大的, 她说话很直爽, 因为她认为你能应付得了。 grant允许; recognize识别; handle应付, 处理; acknowledge承认。结合常识说话直接的人肯定是觉得对方可以承受和应付自己的话。故选C。
13. A. cast B. drop C. remove D. dip【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我的建议是, 试一试。根据后文your toe in可知短语dip one’s toe in表示“尝试”。故选D。14. A. frank B. generous C. modest D. stupid【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 如果你老老实实, 实事求是, 别人怎么会因为你相信一些东西而说你傻?此处为反问句, 意思为你诚实和真实, 别人并不会因为你相信一些东西而说你愚蠢。故选D。
15. A. competent B. disciplinedC. truthful D. aggressive【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 诚实和真实是成为好朋友、好伙伴和好领导的一部分。 competent胜任的; disciplined遵守纪律的; truthful真实的; aggressive好斗的。根据上一段中If you’re honest and truthful可知此处指诚实和真实。故选C。
Passage 3 On Thanksgiving Day, Mrs Klein told her first graders to draw a picture of something for which they were thankful. She thought that, living in a 1 neighborhood, most of these children would draw pictures of 2 or of fully laden Thanksgiving tables. That was what they believed was expected of them. What took Mrs Klein by 3 was Douglas’s picture. Douglas was so alone and likely to be found close in his shadow as they went outside for play. Douglas’s drawing was simply a(n) 4 , obviously, but whose? The class was 5 by his image. “I think it must be the hand of God that 6 us food, ” said one student.
“A 7 , ” said another, “because they grow the turkeys. ” “It looks more like a policeman, and they protect us. ”“I think, ” said Lavinia, who was always so 8 , “that it is supposed to be all the hands that 9 us, but Douglas could only draw one of them. ” Mrs Klein had almost 10 Douglas in her pleasure at finding the class so active. When she had the others at work on another project, she 11 and asked Douglas whose hand it was. Douglas 12 , “It’s yours, teacher. ”
Then Mrs Klein 13 that she had taken Douglas by the hand from time to time; she often did that with the children. But it should have 14 so much to Douglas! Perhaps, she reflected, this was her Thanksgiving, and everybody’s Thanksgiving—not the material things 15 to us, but the small ways that we give something to others. 【文章大意】本文属于夹叙夹议文。不同的人可能用不同的方式表示他们的感恩之心。老师要求孩子们画出他们想要感谢的东西, 道格拉斯画了一只手, 以此来表示对老师关心的感谢。
1. A. wealthy B. friendly C. poor D. crowded【解析】选 C。 根据常识和 fully laden Thanksgiving tables得知穷人家孩子的感恩节愿望是吃丰盛大餐。2. A. friends B. turkeys C. clothes D. flowers【解析】选B。 根据西方人感恩节餐桌上少不了节日大餐火鸡以及后文中because they grow the turkeys可知。
3. A. surprise B. excitementC. accident D. relief【解析】选A。老师以为大家都会画吃的东西, 但是Douglas的画是一只手, 这自然让老师很惊讶。4. A. hand B. image C. face D. finger【解析】选A。 根据I think it must be the hand of God和后文情节得知Douglas画了一只手。
5. A. amused B. puzzled C. shocked D. moved【解析】选B。 根据前文 but whose?和下文孩子们的猜想得知, 大家看到Douglas的画都很费解。6. A. lends B. donates C. cooks D. brings【解析】选D。根据西方文化对上帝的崇拜判断上帝之手给人间带来食物。7. A. servant B. mother C. waiter D. farmer【解析】选 D。 根据because they grow the turkeys及常识得知农民养殖火鸡。
8. A. naughty B. serious C. curious D. stupid【解析】选B。根据后面有条理的话语可判断 Lavinia应该是很认真的学生。9. A. help B. love C. shelter D. lead【解析】选A。 根据前文讨论大家都认为是曾经帮助过我们的人的一只手, 但是Lavinia认为这应该是所有帮助过我们的人的手。10. A. praised B. kissed C. thanked D. forgotten【解析】选D。 由于老师开心地关注着活跃的课堂气氛, 几乎忘记了Douglas。
11. A. stood up B. went overC. turned over D. looked up【解析】选B。考查动词短语。 stand up 站起来; go over 复习, 重新查看; turn over 转身; look up 查找。根据and asked Douglas whose hand it was得知老师问Douglas画中的手是谁的, 说明老师重新看了Douglas的画。12. A. lied B. burst in C. whispered D. cried out【解析】选C。 lie撒谎; burst in 爆发; whisper 低语; cry out 哭出来。根据前文Douglas孤僻容易被忽略判断内向的Douglas对老师低语。
13. A. recognized B. wonderedC. imagined D. recalled【解析】选D。 考查动词。 recognize认出; wonder想知道; imagine 想象; recall 回想。根据she had taken Douglas by the hand from time to time 得知老师想起以前自己经常拉着Douglas的手。14. A. remained B. meantC. cost D. came【解析】选 B。 考查动词。remain 保留; mean 意味着; cost 花费; come 到来。Douglas画出老师的手表示感谢, 说明老师的这一举动让Douglas很感动, 这对Douglas来说意义重大。
15. A. shown B. opened C. given D. said【解析】选C。 此句为全文的点睛之笔。 根据but the small ways that we give something to others得知老师感悟到: 感恩节不是感恩我们被给予的物质, 而是我们帮助他人的方式。
【加固训练】Passage 1 (2020·肥城三模) I attended my 35th high school reunion recently. It was held at the 4-H camp that I 1 next to as a child. When I got there the very first thing I 2 was the little Oak trees that I used to climb up as a boy now seemed as tall as Redwoods. 3 had that happened? I had arrived early so I 4 to help get things set up. I 5 some chairs around the tables and then got drafted to blow up the party balloons. For some
reason my aging 6 couldn’t seem to get my balloons quite as 7 as my friend’s, who was helping me out. As I started to talk to my 8 high school friends I noticed something else too. We all looked a little 9 . There was some with gray hair. And we all seemed to have a few extra 10 and a few extra wrinkles. Yet, the moment we started to talk and catch up the years melted away, our 11 souls shined through. On the outside we all seemed a little wiser and more mature, but on the 12 every single one of us was bright, beautiful, and energetic. 35 years
may have 13 our bodies a bit, 14 it hadn’t had any effect whatever on our souls. Our souls are created in love. And love 15 ages. Love is both unfading and forever young. 【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者参加高中同学聚会, 看到曾经的朋友们都变了样, 但是他们的灵魂还是依然充满活力, 爱从来不会变老。
1. A. ended up B. grew upC. pulled out D. set out【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 它在4-H营地举行, 我从小就在营地附近长大。 ended up结束; grew up长大; pulled out拔出, (使)渡过难关; set out出发。根据“as a child”可知, 作者在营地附近“长大”。故选B项。
2. A. explored B. described C. noticed D. counted【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 当我到那儿, 我首先注意到的就是一棵小小的橡胶树, 小时候我经常爬上去玩耍, 现在它看起来像红杉一样高。根据“When I got there”及“the little Oak trees that I used to climb up as a boy now seemed as tall as Redwoods”可知, 此处是指作者到达后第一个“注意到、看到”的东西是橡胶树, 第三段第一句中“I noticed something else too”也是提示。故选C项。
3. A. Why B. How C. When D. Where【解析】选B。考查疑问副词词义辨析。句意: 那是如何发生的呢?根据上文中“used to”及“now”可知, 作者描述了橡胶树以前和现在的不同, 此处是问变化是“如何”发生的。故选B项。4. A. happened B. promisedC. agreed D. volunteered【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我到达比较早, 所以主动帮忙把东西准备好。根据“I had arrived early”下文“I ______some chairs around the tables and then got drafted to blow up the party balloons. ”可知, 作者到得比较早, 所以“自愿、主动”帮忙做事情。故选D项。
5. A. placed B. designedC. decorated D. fixed【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我把椅子放在桌子周围, 然后被选派去吹聚会的气球。 placed放置; designed设计; decorated装饰; fixed修理, 安装。根据“some chairs around the tables”及常识可推知, 此处是指把椅子“放”在桌子周围。故选A项。
6. A. bone B. heart C. lungs D. muscle【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 由于某种原因, 我日渐衰老的肺似乎不能把气球吹得像朋友吹得那么大, 他们不得不给我帮忙。根据上文“blow up the party balloons”及常识可知, 作者被派去吹气球, 需要肺活量, 所以此处指“肺部”。故选C项。7. A. large B. flat C. empty D. full【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 由于某种原因, 我日渐衰老的肺似乎不能把气球吹得像朋友吹得那么大, 他们不得不给我帮忙。根据上文的“aging”及下文“who was helping me out”可知, 此处指气球吹得不够“大”。故选A项。
8. A. generous B. new C. old D. honest【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 当我开始和高中时的老朋友交谈时, 我也注意到其他的一些事情。根据文章第一句“I attended my 35th high school reunion recently. ”可知, 作者是参加高中同学聚会, 所以此处指与高中的“老朋友”交谈。故选C项。9. A. simple B. nervous C. mild D. different【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 我们看起来都有些不一样。根据下文“There was some with gray hair. 以及 and a few extra wrinkles. ”可知, 有些人长出了白发, 大家也都多了皱纹, 所以此处指我们看起来与以前“不一样”。故选D项。
10. A. fees B. pounds C. jobs D. aids【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 并且我们看上去(体重)都多了几磅, 多了几条皱纹。根据“There was some with gray hair. ”可知, 此处是描述老朋友的变化, 此处指我们看起来(体重)都多了几“磅”。故选B项。11. A. young B. healthy C. active D. beautiful【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 然而, 我们一开始交谈并回忆逝去的那些年, 我们年轻的灵魂就闪耀起来。上文的“gray hair”及“a few extra wrinkles”说明大家外表上变老了, 再由转折词Yet可知, 此处指但是内心是“年轻的”, 故选A项。
12. A. contrary B. surface C. spot D. inside【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我们的外表都看上去更加睿智, 更加成熟, 但是在内心, 我们每一个人都是明亮、美好并且精力充沛的。根据“On the outside”及转折词“but”可知, 此处表示外表和内心的对比, 所以选inside。故选D项。13. A. weakened B. aged C. strengthened D. enriched【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 35年的时光让我们的身体衰老了一些。 weakened使虚弱; aged使衰老; strengthened加强; enriched使丰富。上文提到身体上的衰老, 所以此处指35年的时光让我们的身体“衰老”了一些。故选B项。
14. A. or B. and C. but D. for【解析】选C。考查连词辨析。句意: 但是无论怎样, 都不曾对我们的灵魂有任何影响。根据“it hadn’t had any effect whatever on our souls”可知, 此处应使用转折连词but, 与前一个肯定句形成对比。故选C项。15. A. never B. always C. seldom D. often【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 爱永远不会变老。根据上文“it hadn’t had any effect whatever on our souls. Our souls are created in love. ”可知, 作者认为35年的时光对灵魂没有任何影响, 灵魂是用爱铸就的, 所以此处指爱“永不”变老。故选A项。
Passage 2 Life is colorful. Sometimes it’s just like potato salad; when it’s shared, it becomes a picnic. With three young children to bring up, my husband John and I were very 1 . “Can we go on a picnic, Mom?” my six-year-old daughter, Becky begged. “Please. ” I had said no so many times in 2 months, and I decided the usual Saturday morning chores could wait. To her 3 , I agreed. I prepared a few sandwiches and 4 a cooler with ice and drinks and called John 5 .
My eleven-year-old twin sons loaded the cooler and the picnic basket in the trunk and off we went to spend some 6 time together as a family. About the time I got the lunch 7 out on the table, John arrived on the 8 . That was one of the happiest meals we ever shared together. The meal was full of laughter. We felt a closeness that had been hidden by work and school responsibilities for so many months. John and the boys 9 rocks into the lake, Becky fed the ducks and I sat quietly at the picnic table, 10 God for blessing me with such a wonderful family.
That night as our children went to bed, I kissed their cheeks. It 11 mewhat a wonderful life I had. As I walked out of the room it dawned on me that even the busiest 12 could become a picnic when it’s shared with the ones you love. Even though kids have now grown up and 13 from home, I can still remember how I felt that day while sitting at the picnic table. Maybe today would be a good time to cook potato salad, call all of my 14 kids, feed some hungry ducks and skip a few rocks into the lake. Since life is like potato salad, let’s make it a 15 .
【文章大意】本文属于夹叙夹议文。作者通过对全家人野餐时的幸福生活的描述, 感受到家庭的幸福, 意识到自己的生活是多么美好, 得出结论爱是他们幸福的原因。1. A. patient B. old C. occupied D. poor【解析】选C。 后文中 I had said no so many times 和第六段中it dawned on me that even the busiest ______could become a picnic, busiest是判断依据。occupied 意为“已占用的, 在使用的, 无空闲的; 忙的”。
2. A. coming B. recent C. following D. late【解析】选B。 根据后文中We felt a closeness that had been hidden. . . for so many months. 清楚地表明全家人近来好久没有一同欢乐过了, 可知作者近几个月已经多次说过不行了。3. A. disappointment B. sadnessC. surprise D. embarrassment【解析】选C。根据I agreed和前文的I had said no so many times形成了强烈的对比, 所以此处应该是令她感到意外。
4. A. supplied B. filled C. provided D. compared【解析】选 B。根据常识判断。 cooler是一种容器。根据后文的ice and drinks可以看出是要把ice 和 drinks装到cooler当中。5. A. at work B. off workC. on business D. at home【解析】选A。后文中 John arrived 的信息暗示了John在工作, 所以作者给他打电话通知他野餐的事情。后文We felt a closeness that had been hidden by work中的work也是具体依据。
6. A. unhappy B. quantityC. quality D. unfortunate【解析】选C。 根据前后文判断。 这里的some quality time指的是珍贵时光。和前文my husband John and I were very occupied相互印证。7. A. created B. spread C. taken D. made【解析】选B。由lunch和table可以判断: 此处是要将午餐的食物铺在桌子上。spread意为“展开; 打开 ”。
8. A. scene B. sight C. view D. scenery【解析】选A。 考查名词。arrived说明到达了他们野餐的地点, 用scene最为恰当。9. A. missed B. took C. threw D. left【解析】选C。 根据文章最后一段中 skip a few rocks into the lake可知。skip“打水漂”, throw“扔”。
10. A. trusting B. thankingC. praising D. praying【解析】选B。 根据a wonderful family, 下一段中what a wonderful life I had以及I can still remember how I felt that day while sitting at the picnic table. 说明作者此时感到家庭的幸福, 根据西方人的信仰判断作者要感谢上帝。11. A. refreshed B. questionedC. occurred D. hit【解析】选D。根据前后语境和I kissed their cheeks可以看出作者想到自己的生活是多么美好。此处hit意为“使突然想起”。【易错警示】如选C, 则需用it occurred to me. . . 。
12. A. lifestyle B. time C. world D. occupation【解析】选B。 从前文情节可知作者一家玩得很好。于是作者认为再忙, 只要和所爱的人在一起也高兴。这是对文章的开头Life is colorful. Sometimes it’s just like potato salad; when it’s shared, it becomes a picnic. 呼应。13. A left alone B. left behindC. moved away D. ran away【解析】选C。 考查动词短语辨析。 leave alone别管; leave behind落后; move away搬走; run away逃跑。根据grown up和home以及生活常识能判断出孩子们长大后离开了家。
14. A. handsome B. youngC. mature D. grown【解析】选D。根据前文Even though kids have now grown up 可知。15. A. picnic B. salad C. life D. purpose【解析】选A。与文章首段Life is colorful. Sometimes it’s just like potato salad; when it’s shared, it becomes a picnic. 呼应。
专题能力提升练
专题能力提升练 十九限时25分钟Passage 1(2020·山东师范大学附中高三月考) When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship. Having been a Straight A student, I believed I could 1 tough subjects and really learn something. One such course was World Literature given by Professor Jayne. I was extremely interested in the ideas he 2 in class.
When I took the first exam of my best subject English, I was 3 to find a 77, C plus, on my test paper. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained 4 . I decided to try harder, and I read the books more carefully, but got another 77 again. I 5 with Professor Jayne. Again, he listened patiently but wouldn’t change his 6 . One more test before the final exam. One more chance to improve my grade. So I redoubled my effort and, for the first time 7 the meaning of the word “thorough”. But my efforts were no good and everything 8 as before.
The last hurdle(障碍) was the final. No matter what 9 I got, it wouldn’t cancel three C pluses. I might as well kiss the 10 goodbye. I stopped working hard. I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would. The night before the final, I even 11 myself to a movie. The next day I decided for once I’d have 12 with a test. A Week later, I was surprised to find I got an A. I hurried into Professor Jayne’s office. He 13 to be expecting me, “ If I gave you the As you 14 , you wouldn’t continue to work hard. ”
I stared at him 15 that his analysis and strategy(策略)were correct. I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A plus. The next year I received my scholarship. I always remembered professor Jayne’s lesson: you alone must set your own standard of excellence. 【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过叙述自己在Jayne教授所教科目下, 努力争取A级并获得奖学金的故事告诉我们: 不管做什么事, 自身的努力不可或缺, 任何人都有泄气的时候, 但只有通过不断努力, 给自己设定目标, 才能不断进步。
1. A. take B. discuss C. cover D. get【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 作为一个优等生, 我相信我可以选修一些困难的科目, 并真正学到一些东西。由下文的subjects可推断, 此处表示选修一些课程, 学习一门课程, 修一门课程, 习惯上都用take。故选A。2. A. sought B. presentedC. exchanged D. obtained【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我非常喜欢他在课堂上提出的一些观点。 sought寻求; presented提出; exchanged交换; obtained获得。此处指的是老师在课堂上所提出的观点思想, 是我非常喜欢的, 因此作者选修了这门课程。present ideas提出观点。故选B。
3. A. shocked B. worried C. scared D. anxious【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。当我参加第一次考试时, 我震惊地发现我的试卷上只有77分, 一个C+。第一段讲我对自己信心满满, 可第二段来个大转折, 第一次考试后, 意外地发现竟然只得了77分, 所以是shocked非常吃惊的, 而worried担心的, scared害怕的, anxious焦急的, 都不符合人物心理感受。故选A。
4. A. unchanged B. unpleasantC. unfriendly D. unmoved【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 我去找杰恩教授, 他听了我的论点, 但无动于衷。unchanged不改变的; unpleasant不开心的; unfriendly不友好的; unmoved不为所动的。根据“but remained”可知, 老师没有改变给我的分数。故选D。
5. A. quarreled B. reasonedC. bargained D. chatted【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我又一次和杰恩教授理论。quarreled争吵; reasoned争辩, 推理; bargained讨价还价; chatted闲谈。我再次遭遇77分, 于是再次去找老师理论, reason with sb. 与某人讲道理, 说服某人。故选B。
6. A. attitude B. mind C. plan D. view【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他又一次耐心地听着, 但就是不愿改变主意。这里, 老师听完之后, 再次无动于衷, 他没有改变他的. . . , attitude迷惑性最大, 注意, 这里探讨的还是分数能不能更改的事, 而change one’s mind是英语中一个比较常见的搭配, 意为“改变一个人的想法或决定”, 相对于态度, 改分数的事更多是关于改变决定的。故选B。
7. A. memorized B. considered C. accepted D. learned【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 于是我加倍努力, 第一次懂得了“彻底”这个词的含义。这一次, 我显然是拼命学习, 那么是真的第一次了解到什么叫“彻底”了。故选D。8. A. stayed B. went C. worked D. changed【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 但我的努力没有奏效, 一切都像以前一样。根据“my efforts were no good”可知我的努力结果不好, 跟以前一样, 没有改变。everything goes well, 一切都很顺利, 这里是一切都像从前一样, 用go就很合理了, 故选B。
9. A. grade B. answerC. lesson D. comment【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 不管我得多少分, 都不能取消三个C+。根据后文“three C pluses”可知此处指的是分数。 故选A。10. A. scholarship B. courseC. degree D. subject【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我还是跟奖学金说再见吧。根据文章第一段“to earn a scholarship”和最后一段“I received my scholarship”可知, 这里是我以为自己拿不到奖学金了。故选A。
11. A. helped B. favored C. treated D. relaxed【解析】选C。考查动词和固定搭配, 句意: 在期末考试的前一天晚上, 我甚至请自己去看了电影。treat sb. to+饭/娱乐活动, 是固定搭配, 意为“请某人吃饭/娱乐”等。 I even treated myself to a movie表示考前很放松, 自己掏钱去看电影。故选C。12. A. fun B. luck C. problems D. tricks【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 第二天, 我决定开心地考一次试。根据前文考前请自己看电影, 可知这里指“乐趣”。这时“我”是很放松的, 甚至考试的时候, 决定把考试当作一种fun乐趣, 而与luck运气, problem问题, trick把戏技巧, 没有关系。故选A。
13. A. happened B. provedC. pretended D. seemed【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 他好像在等我。happen to碰巧; 意外, prove to证明, pretend to假装, seem to好像, 似乎。根据语境可知, 一周后, 惊喜地发现自己居然得了A, 跑去找老师, 发现老师好像早料到“我”会来, 所以在等。故选D。
14. A. valued B. imaginedC. expected D. welcomed【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: “如果我给了你所期望的A, 你就不会继续努力学习了。”根据下文“you wouldn’t continue to work hard”并结合上文内容可知, 老师说, 如果我原来给了你所期望的成绩A, 那么你就不会这么努力付出了。所以是expect期待期望。故选C。
15. A. remembering B. guessingC. supposing D. realizing【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我盯着他, 意识到他的分析和策略是正确的。下文“his analysis and strategy were correct. ”是我领会的, 意识到的东西。此处表示我看着他, 这时才真正明白了他的用心。故选D。
Passage 2 (2020·烟台二模) Years ago, my grandmother was in a nursing home. She was a retired university professor, which brought her an ocean of 1 she had taught before. In sharp 2 with my grandmother, almost no one came to see the old man next door. He was 3 most of the time. Once I 4 him, “How are you doing recently?” He gave me a look, saying nothing. Thinking he was 5 of hearing, I raised my voice and
asked again. He just shook his head slightly. After a long while, finding I was 6 there, he just said, “Fine. ” Then he looked away. I had to shut up, feeling rather 7 . Later, I learned that the old man had got quite a few companies from his family. Since he was not a good 8 , he annoyed many people and even made his family and friends 9 . And 10 , his companies all failed. So what is the most important 11 a person can have? Perhaps you think making money is the answer. No! But the ability to 12 your thoughts is. It’s extremely important for a person to learn to put what he thinks into
13 . It makes a relationship 14 and a career flourish (繁荣). I’m afraid this is something many of us 15 . Just think: How many of us have ever hurt those who love us just because we are not good at speaking? So, more often than not, it is not what we think but how we speak that determines how far we can go in life. 【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文, 作者在养老院里一个不太会说话的老人身上认识到一个人最重要的能力是会说话(用语言表达自己的想法), 我们说话的方式决定了我们的人生能达到什么样的高度。
1. A. neighbors B. friendsC. relatives D. visitors【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 她是一名退休的大学教授, 所以有很多学生来探望她。根据空后的“In sharp ______with my grandmother, almost no one came to see the old man next door. ”可知, 与“我”祖母形成鲜明对比的是, 几乎没有人来看隔壁的老人, 这说明来探望“我”祖母的人很多, 故D项正确。
2. A. agreement B. contrastC. conflict D. company【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 与我祖母形成鲜明对比的是, 几乎没有人来看隔壁的老人。 agreement一致; contrast对比; conflict冲突; company陪伴。上段说“我”祖母是一名退休的大学教授, 所以有很多学生来探望她, 再结合空后的“almost no one came to see the old man next door. ”可知, 几乎没有人来看隔壁的老人, 这与“我”祖母形成鲜明的对比, 故B项正确。
3. A. alone B. calmC. high-spirited D. impatient【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 他大部分时间都是独自一人。空前一句说几乎没有人来看隔壁的老人, 所以他大部分时间都是独自一人, 故A项正确。
4. A. questioned B. greetedC. encountered D. encouraged【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 有一次我跟他打招呼, “你最近怎么样?”, 他看了我一眼, 什么也没说。 questioned询问; greeted问候、打招呼; encountered遭遇; encouraged鼓励。根据空后的“How are you doing recently?”可知, “我”跟那个老人打招呼, 故B项正确。
5. A. tired B. ashamedC. hard D. short【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 我以为他听力不太好, 就提高嗓门又问了一遍。空前一句说有一次我跟他打招呼, 他只是看了我一眼, 什么也没说, 再结合空后的“I raised my voice and asked again. ”可知, “我”提高嗓门又问了一遍, 这说明“我”以为他听力不太好, be short of表示“……不足”, 故D项正确。
6. A. always B. already C. also D. still【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 过了很长一段时间, 他发现我还在那儿, 就说: “不错”, 然后他转过头去, 我不得不闭嘴, 觉得很不舒服。上文说有一次“我”主动跟他打招呼, 他只是看了“我”一眼, 什么也没说, “我”以为他听力不太好, 就提高嗓门又问了一遍, 这说明“我”还在那儿没走, 故D项正确。
7. A. uncomfortable B. concernedC. helpless D. innocent【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。uncomfortable不舒服的; concerned关心的; helpless无助的; innocent无辜的。上文说他发现“我”还在那儿, 只是淡淡地说了一句“不错”, 甚至都没有礼貌性地说句谢谢, 然后就把头转过去了, 推断他的这种态度让“我”觉得很不舒服, 故A项正确。
8. A. expert B. competitorC. speaker D. partner【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 由于他不是一个会说话的人(他不太会说话), 他惹恼了很多人, 甚至使他的家人和朋友都走开了。根据上文说的“我”和他打招呼时他对“我”的态度可知, 他不是一个会说话的人(他不太会说话), 故C项正确。
9. A. break down B. pull awayC. fall behind D. drop out【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。 break down出故障; pull away离开; fall behind落后; drop out退出、退学。根据空前的“he annoyed many people”可知, 他惹恼了很多人, 甚至使他的家人和朋友都走开了, 故B项正确。
10. A. typically B. obviouslyC. unexpectedly D. consequently【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 结果, 他的公司都倒闭了。 typically典型地; obviously明显地; unexpectedly意外地; consequently结果、因此。空前说后来“我”得知以前他经营好几家公司, 但由于不太会说话, 他惹恼了很多人, 甚至使他的家人和朋友都走开了, 推知结果, 他的公司都倒闭了, 故D项正确。
11. A. skill B. challengeC. principle D. qualification【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 那么, 一个人最重要的技能(能力)是什么呢?也许你认为是赚钱。根据空后的“Perhaps you think making money is the answer. ”可知, 也许你认为是赚钱, 因此此处问的是一个人最重要的技能是什么, 空后的“the ability”也是提示, 故A项正确。
12. A. update B. developC. express D. dominate【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 不!答案是能够表达你的想法。空后一句说对一个人来说, 学会用语言表达自己的想法是极其重要的, 它能使关系持久, 事业兴旺, 因此一个人最重要的技能是能够表达自己的想法, 故C项正确。
13. A. action B. wordsC. plans D. consideration【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 对一个人来说, 学会用语言表达自己的想法是极其重要的, 它能使关系持久, 事业兴旺。根据句意可知此处是说用语言表达自己的想法, 故B项正确。14. A. appear B. worsen C. collapse D. last【解析】选D。根据空后的“a career flourish”可知, 它能使关系持久, 事业兴旺, 故D项正确。
15. A. lack B. possess C. oppose D. defense【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 恐怕这是我们许多人所缺乏的。空后一句说试想一下: 我们中有多少人曾经因为不会说话而伤害过爱我们的人?因此此处是说会说话的能力是我们许多人所缺乏的, 故A项正确。
【点睛】本篇第4空A项questioned的干扰性较大, 有些同学看到空后的问句会想当然地以为是“询问他最近怎么样”而误选此项, 但空后的“How are you doing recently?”是招呼语, 因此此处是说“我”在和他打招呼, 即: 有一次我跟他打招呼, “你最近怎么样?”, 他看了我一眼, 什么也没说, 故B项(greeted)正确。
Passage 3(2020·泰安二模) I was 17 years old. Along with a dozen other boys I had made a long trip to Iowa in order to see a college that I was thinking of 1 . While the trip had been 2 for the most part, now I was there feeling depressed, alone, and isolated. I was missing my 3 and I was also missing the Appalachian mountains and the forests of my home. I loved 4 the leaves turned a thousand shades of green in the Spring and then 5 a sea of red, gold, and orange in the Fall.
Here in Iowa everything was 6 . The grass looked burnt and brown. All that I could 7 was a mixture of corn, mud, and pigs. I walked outside the dormitory of the college and sat on an old stump. I closed my eyes and 8 being back home again. When I finally opened them, however, I saw something that touched my 9 . It was a Prairie Sunset. It seemed to 10 the sky from horizon to horizon. Gold, red, purple and pink clouds all 11 together in a picture painted by Heaven’s own hand. It was so huge that it took my breath away. It made our mountain sunsets seem 12 by comparison. I realized that this place also had its own special beauty. This place also was a
part of nature’s 13 . Over the years to come I learned something else. Each of us has a special beauty 14 . Each of us has our own 15 talents and abilities. 【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者参观了自己正考虑就读的大学, 但是起初对于那里的风景感到失望, 但后来为那里的落日震撼, 由此感叹, 每个地方、每个人都有独特的美。
1. A. assisting B. attendingC. visiting D. quitting【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 为了参观一所我正考虑就读的大学, 我和其他十几个男孩长途跋涉来到艾奥瓦州。 assisting辅助; attending出席, 上(大学等); visiting参观; quitting离开, 放弃。作者去艾奥瓦州是为了考查自己想要就读的大学, 故选B。
2. A. fun B. hardC. novel D. tiresome【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 虽然这趟旅行大部分都很有趣, 但现在我在那里却感到沮丧、孤独和孤立。根据句意, 分析本句结构可知, 本句与后半句I was there feeling depressed, alone, and isolated表转折关系, 推知这趟行程大部分都很有趣, 故选A。3. A. chance B. school C. family D. goal【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我想念我的家人, 我也想念我家乡的阿巴拉契亚山脉和森林。作者想念家人, 故选C。
4. A. when B. howC. why D. whether【解析】选B。考查连接词用法。句意: 我喜欢看树叶在春天变成一千种不同的绿色, 然后在秋天变成一片红色、金色和橙色的海洋。这里how表示“方式”, 作者亲眼目睹过春天山林里, 叶子是如何呈现千种深浅不一的绿色, 又眼见过它们如何在秋天变成五彩斑斓的海洋, 故选B。
5. A. became B. floodedC. drew D. surrounded【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。此处指树叶在秋天变成五彩斑斓的海洋, 故选A。6. A. easy B. beautiful C. flat D. rough【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 在艾奥瓦州这里, 一切都很单调。通过上文对家乡美景的描述和下文这里的描述, 可知作者做出对比, 这里的一切都是平淡和单调的, 故选C。
7. A. hear B. touch C. taste D. smell【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我能闻到的只有玉米、泥土和猪的混合气味。作者起初对此地心生厌弃, 所以能闻到的只有玉米、泥土和猪的混合气味。此处为嗅觉感触, 故选D。8. A. cared about B. prepared forC. dreamed of D. thought over【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 我闭上眼睛, 梦见又回到了家。 cared about关心; prepared for为……做准备; dreamed of梦想; thought over仔细考虑。作者起初对此地失望, 再一次想到了家乡, 故选C。
9. A. body B. soul C. face D. pain【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 然而, 当我最终睁开眼睛时, 我看到了一些触动我灵魂的东西。作者看到五彩斑斓的云布满天空, 感受到了心灵的震颤, 触动了灵魂, 故选B。10. A. fill B. cover C. separate D. block【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 它似乎从地平线到地平线布满了天空。这里指云彩漫布天际, 故选A。
11. A. folded B. sank C. escaped D. flowed【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 金的、红的、紫的、粉的云彩, 在上帝亲手绘制的一幅画里, 一起流动。这里是指云彩瞬息万变, 像是在一幅画里四处流动(flow), 故选D。12. A. tiny B. pale C. splendid D. weak【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 相比之下, 这让我们的山景显得渺小。根据上文It was so huge that it took my breath away(它太大了, 我简直无法呼吸)可知, 此处与huge表对比, 故选A。
13. A. change B. punishmentC. creation D. reflection【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 这个地方也是大自然创造的一部分。根据上文对落日的描述, 可知这个地方的美也是来自自然的造化, 故选C。14. A. as well B. in additionC. for sure D. in between【解析】选A。考查副词短语辨析。句意: 我们每个人也都有独特的美。 as well也, 同样; in addition此外; for sure确定, 毫无疑问地; in between在中间, 进退两难。此句为作者在目睹艾奥瓦州落日之后生发的感慨, 风景很美, 我们每个人亦是如此, 故选A。
15. A. extra B. uniqueC. possible D. reasonable【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 我们每个人都有自己独特的天赋和能力。根据上文作者对于艾奥瓦州的落日的描述, 这个地方有它独特的美, 此处推而及人, 每个人同样都有独特的美, 故选B。
专题能力提升练 二十限时25分钟Passage 1(2020·临沂高三期末) Three years ago, I participated in Model United Nations(MUN)held by the Education Department, which was a mock(模拟的)UN activity. During the two days, students are separated in different groups which 1 different countries to debate and try to solve problems. MUN has 2 awards: best delegates(代表), honorary mentions, and verbal mentions.
Each time I participate in MUN, I made good 3 and undoubtedly got a few awards. But I often felt as if I’d 4 because I had never won the best delegate award. I 5 those who didn’t deserve to win the award but won it various times, and I was just filled with 6 at their success. But later I realized that it was also 7 not to get the award because I could actually 8 something, and that I shouldn’t 9 the best delegate award until I was the best delegate I could be.
Failures are completely subjective—we can look at a result as a failure or a 10 . Any failure can be regarded as a(n) 11 because you can always learnsomething from it and do 12 next time. This is supported by John Locke’s theory that we are born with blank views: knowledge and ability are learned from our 13 . That’s true. If I make a mistake in the life practice, then I probably won’t 14 that next time. I believe this is 15 the best way to become better.
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者参加由教育署举办的模拟联合国活动, 每次参加都做好充分准备, 仍旧没有获得最佳代表奖, 从这些经历中作者意识到, 尽管没有获奖但是学到了很多东西。失败是完全主观的事情, 可以被看做是失败也可以看做是胜利。我们的知识来源于我们的经历, 想要变得更好的方法是不再重复犯错。
1. A. strengthen B. condemnC. inspire D. represent【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 在为期两天的会议中, 与会者分成不同的委员会, 代表不同的国家, 讨论并试图解决问题。 strengthen加强; condemn谴责; inspire鼓舞; represent代表。根据常识, 联合国会议上, 与会者代表不同的国家。故选D。
2. A. identical B. temporaryC. various D. false【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 模联有各种各样的奖项, 但它们可以总结为最佳代表奖、荣誉奖和口头奖。 identical相同的; temporary短暂的; various各种各样的; false假造的。根据文章可知, 有各种各样的奖项。故选C。
3. A. preparations B. predictionsC. appointments D. explanations【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 每次我参加模联赛, 我都做好充分的准备, 并且毫无疑问地获得了一些奖项。 preparations准备; predictions预测; appointments约定; 任命; explanations解释。根据下文undoubtedly got a few awards可知, 作者做好了充分的准备。故选A。
4. A. accelerated B. failedC. excited D. succeeded【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 但是我经常觉得我失败了, 因为我没有获得最佳代表奖。 accelerated加速; failed失败; excited使兴奋; succeeded成功。根据下文because I had never won the best delegate award可知, 作者经常觉得似乎我失败了。故选B。
5. A. approached B. trainedC. expected D. witnessed【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我见证了那些没有资格赢得这个奖项但却多次获奖的人。 approached接近; trained训练; expected期待; witnessed见证。根据上文because I had never won the best delegate award. 可知作者从来没有赢得过最佳代表奖, 但是见证过那些没有资格赢得这个奖项但却多次获奖的人。故选D。
6. A. relief B. envyC. satisfaction D. delight【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我只是对他们的成功充满嫉妒。根据上文I had never won the best delegate award. I ______those who didn’t deserve to win the award but won it various times可知, 我没有赢得最高代表奖, 见证过那些没有资格赢得这个奖项但却多次获奖的人, 因此作者对他们的成功充满嫉妒。故选B。
7. A. annoyed B. ashamedC. good D. terrible【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 后来我意识到没有获奖是件好事, 因为我确实可以学到一些东西。根据because I could actually ______something可知, 作者意识到没有获奖是件好事。故选C。 8. A. desert B. learn C. delete D. display【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 后来我意识到没有获奖是件好事, 因为我确实可以学到一些东西。根据上下文是因果关系可知, 此处是说作者确实可以学到一些东西。故选B。
9. A. win B. miss C. deliver D. value【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 直到我成为我能做的最好的代表, 我才获得最佳代表奖。此处not. . . until. . . 表示“直到……才……”, 根据下文until I was the best delegate I could be. 可知, 直到作者成为我能做的最好的代表, 作者才获得最佳代表奖。故选A。10. A. bond B. bet C. victory D. loss【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 失败是主观的——我们可以把结果看做失败, 或者看做胜利。or表示选择, 根据上文Failures are completely subjective可推断, 失败完全是主观的, 因此我们可以把结果看做失败或者看做是一次胜利。故选C。
11. A. aim B. benefit C. burden D. limit【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 任何失败都可以被视为一种收益, 因为你总能从那次经历中学到一些东西, 下次做得更好。根据because you can always learn something from it可知, 任何失败都可以被视为一种收益。故选B。12. A. funnier B. worse C. better D. slower【解析】选C。考查形容词比较级辨析。句意同上。根据上文you can always learn something from it 可知, 从中受益, 下次能够做得更好。故选C。
13. A. decisions B. attitudesC. positions D. experiences【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 约翰·洛克的理论支持这一点, 即我们生来是块白板: 知识和能力是从我们的经历中获得的。根据上文Any failure can be regarded as a(n) ______because you can always learn something from it and do ______next time. 可知, 我们的知识和能力从我们的经历中获得。故选D。
14. A. repeat B. admit C. accept D. notice【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 如果我犯了一次错误, 那么下次我可能就不会再犯了。根据下句I believe this is ______the best way to become better. 可知, 如果作者犯了一次错误, 那么下次他可能就不会再犯了。故选A。 15. A. wrongly B. scarcelyC. truly D. narrowly【解析】选C。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 我相信这真正是变得更好的最好的方法。用truly加强语气, 此处对上文总结。从经历中学习, 不重复犯错误, 这才真正是变得更好的最好的方法。故选C。
Passage 2(2020·聊城二模) An act of kindness doesn’t have to be a grand gesture. Even those small acts of kindness can make a difference in someone’s day. That was just the case for Amie Mickey when she 1 a bumper sticker (车尾贴) on her car reading: You Matter.
Amie started to do this several years ago. At first, she wondered if people would 2 it. However, much to her surprise, she began seeing a flood of 3 every time she hit the road. More often than not, people 4 slowly near her car would roll down their windows, raising their 5 , waving and smiling. Sometimes, she even found some sticky notes left on her windshield saying things like “You 6 too! “Once while she was driving down the highway, she became 7 when a man driving a sports car at a high speed pulled his car alongside suddenly, waving and mouthing, “You matter!” Though it took her some time to recover from the 8 , she still felt happy. Last year, someone
9 her car while she was waiting for her friend in the car by the roadside, saying to her, “It is a(n) 10 sticker. I’ve seen various stickers before, but none of them have touched me as your sticker has done. “The two small words on the sticker seem simple enough, but they really struck a chord with many complete strangers who 11 to catch sight of the sticker.
Stories like Amie’s really 12 the rest of us. Sometimes a kind word or gesture may lift our 13 and it doesn’t cost a thing except for a little extra thought. Maybe it means offering a friend a hug, praising the children whentheir children 14 well in school, helping someone out or volunteering at nursing homes. Acts of kindness are waiting everywhere. Small as they seem, they can make a 15 impact on the world, and help form general goodness. 【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了Amie Mickey在汽车上贴了一张写着“你很重要”的纸条。通过这种小的善意行为来传播正能量。
1. A. tore up B. picked upC. fixed up D. put up【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意: Amie Mickey就是这样的例子, 她在自己的汽车保险杠上贴了一张贴纸, 上面写着: 你很重要。 tore up撕碎; picked up捡起来; fixed up修理; put up张贴, 提供。根据后文a bumper sticker on her car可知是在车上张贴了(put up)贴纸。故选D。2. A. watch B. overlook C. notice D. ignore【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 起初, 她想知道人们是否会注意到它。根据后文would roll down their windows, raising their可知人们都注意到了这个贴纸, 并且摇下窗和Amie打招呼。后文it指代贴纸。故选C。
3. A. attention B. confusionC. strangers D. passers-by【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 然而, 令她吃惊的是, 她开始发现, 每一次出门, 就会有很多人注意她。 attention注意; confusion困惑; strangers陌生人; passers-by行人。根据后文would roll down their windows, raising their可知她车上的贴纸吸引了人们的注意。故选A。4. A. running B. driving C. walking D. riding【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 通常情况下, 在她的车附近缓慢行驶的人们会摇下车窗, 竖起大拇指, 挥手微笑。通过上下文分析, 划线后提到 “人们摇下车窗”, 可知此处表示缓慢开车的人。故选B。
5. A. voices B. hats C. shoulders D. thumbs【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 通常情况下, 在她的车附近缓慢行驶的人们会摇下车窗, 竖起大拇指, 挥手微笑。同时根据下文可知, 人们对他的行为表示称赞。故此处的 thumbs 表示称赞认可, 所以竖起拇指。故选D。6. A. count B. share C. value D. matter【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 有时, 她甚至发现一些便利贴留在挡风玻璃上, 上面写着“你也很重要!”通过上下文分析, 此处和前句提到别人对Amie的行为表示“赞赏, 挥手, 微笑” 并列。也是表达了别人对他行为的认可。同时和后文提到的 “You matter!”相呼应。故选D。
7. A. frightened B. discouragedC. embarrassed D. disappointed【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 有一次她在高速公路上开车, 一个开着跑车的男人突然把车开到她旁边, 一边挥手, 一边用嘴说: “你很重要!”, 她吓了一跳。 frightened害怕的; discouraged灰心的; embarrassed尴尬的; disappointed失望的。通过后文when a man driving a sports car at a high speed pulled his car alongside suddenly可知男人突然把车开到她旁边, 所以Amie应该是感到很害怕的。故选A。
8. A. parking B. speed C. incident D. event【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 虽然她花了一段时间才从那次事件中恢复过来, 但她仍然感到快乐。通过上下文分析, 此处指代上题提到的 “一个开着跑车的男人突然把车开到她旁边, 一边挥手, 一边用嘴说: “你很重要!” 。因此Amie感到“吓一跳”这件事, 是指从这次事件中恢复过来。incident是指偶然发生的、不太重要的小事。event是指重大而引人注目的事情。此处应用incident。故选C。
9. A. approached B. blockedC. repaired D. cleaned【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 去年, 当她在路边等朋友的时候, 有人走近她的车, 对她说: “这是一个特别的贴纸。”根据后文saying to her可知该空的动词和同句中的saying构成前后的逻辑关系。先靠人, 然后再说话。故选A。
10. A. important B. specialC. typical D. skeptical【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 去年, 当她在路边等朋友的时候, 有人走近她的车, 对她说: “这是一个特别的贴纸。”通过上下文分析, 后句提到I’ve seen various stickers before, but none of them have touched me as your sticker has done. (我以前见过各种各样的贴纸, 但没有一个像你的贴纸那样让我感动)。可知, 这个贴纸和他见过的其他贴纸不一样, 很特别。故选B。
11. A. happened B. occurredC. managed D. offered【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 贴纸上的这两个小字看起来很简单, 但却引起了许多碰巧看到贴纸的陌生人的共鸣。根据后文to catch sight of the sticker可知此处指很多人都是碰巧无意中看到, 而受感动的。短语happen to“碰巧”。故选A。
12. A. shock B. inspire C. delight D. satisfy【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 像艾米这样的故事真的激励了我们其他人。通过上下文分析, 后文讲到Amie 的行为给人们带来了一些思考, 即激励了人们。故选B。13. A. feelings B. thoughts C. spirits D. minds【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 有时候, 一句友善的话语或一个手势可能会让我们的精神振奋起来, 而且它不需要花费任何东西, 只需要多考虑一下。通过上下文分析, 前文提到 “像Amie 这样的故事真的激励了我们其他人”。同时在最后一句话提到 “他们看似渺小, 却能对世界产生积极的影响”。综合分析, 一些小行为会提振我们的精神。故选C。
14. A. work B. exercise C. conduct D. behave【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 也许这意味着给朋友一个拥抱, 当孩子在学校表现良好时表扬他们, 帮助别人或在养老院做志愿者。通过上下文分析, 表扬孩子, 是因为他们在学校的表现不错。故选D。
15. A. reliable B. subjectiveC. positive D. brief【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 他们看似渺小, 却能对世界产生积极的影响, 帮助形成普遍的善良。 reliable可靠的; subjective主观的; positive积极的; brief简短的。通过上下文分析, 此处是对上文进行总结: 前文提到了Amie的这种行为, 给人们带来了很多的共鸣, 激励其他人。还提到“有时候, 一句友善的话语或一个手势可能会让我们的精神振奋起来”。同时在划线后讲到“这些行为帮助我们形成普遍的善良”。可知, 这些行为的影响是积极的。故选C。
【语篇二次利用】一、重点词汇再现1. put up注意体会下列句子中put up 的不同含义They put up their tent and settled down for the night. _____We can put all of you up for the night. _____He put up a notice about the change in price. _____Our landlord keeps threatening to put the rent up. _____When the bird flew towards him, he unconsciously put up her hand to protect himself. _____
搭建
留宿
张贴
提高
举起
2. inspire v鼓舞, 激励; 使产生灵感n. inspiration 灵感; 鼓舞adj. inspiring 鼓舞人心的; 有灵感的The goal we set will inspire us to achieve our dream step by step. 我们设定的目标将激励我们一步一步实现我们的梦想。Dreams can be rich source of inspiration for an artist. 梦境可以成为艺术家灵感的丰富来源。The news is inspiring. 这个消息很是鼓舞人心。
二、写作靓句展示1. However, much to her surprise, she began seeing a flood of attention every time she hit the road. 本句是含有名词短语every time 引导的时间状语从句的复合句。every time, next time, the moment, the minute, the second 等名词可以引导时间状语从句。译文: 然而, 令她吃惊的是, 她开始发现, 每一次出门, 就会有很多人注意她。2. “Once while she was driving down the highway, she became frightened when a man driving a sports car at a high speed pulled his car alongside suddenly, waving and mouthing, “You matter!”
本句为含有两个时间状语从句的复合句, 主句为she became frightened, 从句为while she was driving down the highway和when a man driving a sports car at a high speed pulled his car alongside suddenly, waving and mouthing, “You matter!”; 本句中还出现了三个非谓语动词, 其中driving 为现在分词作定语修饰名词a man, waving 和mouthing 为分词作状语, 表示伴随。译文: 有一次她在高速公路上开车, 一个开着跑车的男人突然把车开到她旁边, 一边挥手, 一边用嘴说: “你很重要!”, 她吓了一跳。
3. Small as they seem, they can make a positive impact on the world, and help form general goodness. 本句为含有as引导的让步状语从句的复合句。as引导让步状语从句时, 必须用倒装结构。译文: 他们虽然看似渺小, 却能对世界产生积极的影响, 帮助形成普遍的善良。三、实际语境运用1. Her charity work is an __________ (inspire) to us all. 2. I was inspired _______(work) harder than before. 3. I wonder if she could _________for a few days. 我不知道她能否让我留宿几天。
inspiration
to work
put me up
4. He jumped off the couch ___________the telephone rang. 他一听到电话响就从沙发上跳起来。5. _______________, he didn’t like to wait that long. (as) 虽然他很有耐心, 他也不愿等那么长时间。
the moment
Patient as he was
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