精编：2020年高考北京英语高考真题及答案解析（原卷+解析卷）

这是一份精编：2020年高考北京英语高考真题及答案解析（原卷+解析卷），文件包含精编2020年北京市高考英语试卷原卷doc、精编2020年北京市高考英语试卷解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共33页， 欢迎下载使用。

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）
英语
本试卷共12页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1___(play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're___2___(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them___3___you can join in when it's possible.
【答案】1. plays/has played/is playing/has been playing
2. lucky 3. if/whether
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文，主要介绍了美食节目主持人奥利弗。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
【2题详解】
考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
【3题详解】
考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trop sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart___6___countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of___7___(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
【答案】4. are thrown
5. to break
6. into/to 7. countries
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，介绍了一次性塑料袋的危害，应禁止使用。
【4题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they（Single-use plastic bags ）和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。
【5题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
【6题详解】
考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...（分崩离析成……），介词into/to可表“进入……之中/变成……”。故填into/to。
【7题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。
【点睛】
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A piece of stone___8___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals___9___（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____10____（smart）than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.
【答案】8. found
9. lived/had lived/had been living
10. smarter
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。
【9题详解】
考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。
【10题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词，设空处后的than表示比较，应用比较级。故答案为than。
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的4、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family get-together in the town of Vail.
On Saturday, we all went to the market right in the middle of the town. Near the end, we all____11____at the fountain near the bridge, and the kids waded（蹚水）around in the fountain until we____12____. This is one of the busiest walking streets.
After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, my 7-year-old son Ponder____13____that nowhere could he find his backpack, which____14____his Gameboy and his watch. After a thorough____15____we determined that he must have left it at the fountain.
Ponder has never____16____anything. So we just take for granted that he needs no supervision（指导）for managing his____17____.
He was upset, not about the Gameboy, but about the watch. "But Dad," he said, through massive____18____, "they don't make that kind of watch anymore." We were all very____19____.
Our dinner reservation was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge, so I_____20_____him that we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner, but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been_____21_____.
As we exited from the parking garage, we could see the fountain as we walked down the long staircase. I saw something black_____22_____there, but it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain, so I could not_____23_____what it was or if it was hers.
"See it, Dad?" Ponder shouted. "Don't get too_____24_____because that may not be it," I said. But that was it. It had been five or six hours since we left the fountain, and it was_____25_____there. There was no ID in it, and it looked like someone had looked through it and then set it right out where all could_____26_____it.
I literally_____27_____when we reached it and it was his！Everyone in our party was blown away by this "miracle（奇迹）". In my wildest_____28_____, I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays.
What a charmed life, eh? I believe this was a perfect_____29_____for a child in losing something important…to lose it and feel the full_____30_____of that loss, and then to miraculously get it back.
11. A. drove B. hiked C. met D. united
12. A. landed B. left C. settled D. slept
13. A. responded B. recognized C. realised D. recalled
14. A. contained B. combined C. comprised D. covered
15. A. preparation B. checkup C. revision D. search
16. A. wasted B. lost C. sough D. deserted
17. A. emotion B. time C. money D. stuff
18. A. tears B. fists C. reliefs D. outbreaks
19. A. hesitant B. curious C. sad D. eager
20. A. promised B. informed C. warned D. taught
21. A. worn out B. caught up C. put away D. turned in
22. A. hiding B. sitting C. swinging D. flowing
23. A. assess B. declare C. tell D. predict
24. A. excited B. puzzled C. relaxed D. amused
25 A. already B. even C. almost D. still
26. A. take B. see C. touch D. protect
27. A. panicked B. exploded C. collapsed D. cried
28. A. dreams B. claims C. efforts D. passions
29. A. mode B. lesson C. option D. plot
30 A. range B. pressure C. weight D. harvest
【答案】11. C 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. A 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者儿子丢失背包，五六个小时过后，背包在丢失的地方被找到了，这让作者真正意识到了人性信仰的伟大。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：快结束时，我们都在桥边的喷泉边集合，孩子们在喷泉里涉水，直到我们离开。A. drove开车；B. hiked徒步旅行；C. met遇见、集合；D. united团结。由上文的we all went to the market right in the middle of the town可知，作者一家去了市中心的集市，集市会很拥挤繁忙，作者一家人容易走散，所以约定好在桥边的喷泉边集合。故选C项。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：快结束时，我们都在桥边的喷泉边集合，孩子们在喷泉里涉水，直到我们离开。A. landed着陆；B. left离开；C. settled定居；D. slept睡觉。由上文的Near the end可知，作者一家要结束今天行程了，此处指孩子在喷泉里涉水，直到他们离开。故选B项。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午晚些时候我们回到酒店后，我7岁的儿子庞德意识到，他找不到他的背包，里面包含（装）着他的游戏机和手表。A. responded回答；B. recognized认出；C. realised意识到；D. recalled回忆。由下文的nowhere could he find his backpack和下文到处找背包可知，庞德意识到他找不到他的背包了。故选C项。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午晚些时候我们回到酒店后，我7岁的儿子庞德意识到，他找不到他的背包，里面包含（装）着他的游戏机和手表。A. contained包含；B. combined结合；C. comprised包括；D. covered覆盖。contain 指所涉及的物体常常是其组成部分或内容，强调包容关系，既可指具体有形的东西，也可指抽象无形的东西；comprise暗指一个整体包括不同部分所组成，强调“由许多部分构成一个整体”。由本处语境可知，庞德找不到他的背包，背包里包含他的游戏机和手表，背包和游戏机及手表不是一个整体，是包容关系，应用contain。故选A项。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过彻底搜查，我们断定他一定是把它落在喷泉边了。A. preparation准备；B. checkup检查；C. revision修订；D. search搜寻。由下文的we determined that he must have left it at the fountain可知，作者他们断定庞德一定是把它落在喷泉边了，说明他们肯定经过了彻底搜查。故选D项。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：庞德从未丢失过任何东西。A. wasted浪费；B. lost丢失；C. sough作沙沙声；D. deserted抛弃。由下文语境可知，作者他们认为庞德不需要人来监督管理自己的东西，是因为庞德从未丢失过任何东西，他们相信庞德，才不监督管理庞德的东西，前后句是因果关系。故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我们就想当然地认为他不需要人来监督管理他的东西。A. emotion情绪；B. time时间；C. money金钱；D. stuff东西。由上文语境可知，庞德从未丢失过任何东西，作者他们相信庞德，所以他们才不监督管理庞德的东西。故选D项。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但是爸爸，”他流眼泪说，他们不再做那种手表了。A. tears眼泪；B. fists拳头；C. reliefs放松；D. outbreaks暴发。由上文的He was upset和下文的they don't make that kind of watch anymore可知，庞德很难过，因为这种手表不再生产，他难过的流眼泪了。故选A项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都很伤心。A. hesitant犹豫的；B. curious好奇的；C. sad悲伤的；D. eager渴望的。由上文语境可知，庞德难过的流眼泪了，作为父母的作者，肯定也感到伤心。故选C项。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们预订的晚餐就在桥对面的一家餐馆，所以我承诺他，我们回去吃晚饭时，不仅要搜查喷泉周围的区域，而且还要找到警察，问他们背包有没有上交。A. promised承诺；B. informed通知；C. warned警告；D. taught教。由下文的we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner, but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been____11__可知，作者承诺了庞德他们会尽力寻找背包，不仅要搜查喷泉周围的区域，而且还要找到警察。故选A项。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们预订的晚餐就在桥对面的一家餐馆，所以我承诺他，我们回去吃晚饭时，不仅要搜查喷泉周围的区域，而且还要找到警察，问他们背包有没有上交。A. worn out磨损；B. caught up赶上；C. put away收起；D. turned in上交。由上文的but we would also find the police可知，作者找警察是想问有没有人把背包上交到警察局。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看见一个黑色的东西被放在那里，但它就在一个站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，所以我不知道那是什么东西，也不能分辨是不是她的。A. hiding躲藏；B. sitting被放在；C. swinging摇摆；D. flowing流动。由下文的it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain可知，黑色的东西在站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，此处指一个黑色的东西被放在喷泉那儿。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看见一个黑色的东西被放在那里，但它就在一个站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，所以我不知道那是什么东西，也不能分辨是不是她的。A. assess评价；B. declare宣布；C. tell分辨；D. predict预料。由上文的it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain可知，被放在喷泉那儿的黑色的东西就在站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，作者无法分辨黑色的东西是不是女人的。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要太激动，因为可能不是你的背包。A. excited兴奋的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. relaxed放松的；D. amused好笑的。由上文的"See it, Dad?" Ponder shouted可知，庞德看到一个黑色的东西被放在喷泉那儿，大叫起来，说明他很兴奋。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们离开喷泉已经有五六个小时了，背包还在那儿。A. already已经；B. even甚至；C. almost几乎；D. still仍然、还。由下文的when we reached it and it was his可知，作者他们找到了背包，说明五六个小时过后，背包还在喷泉那儿。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：里面没有身份证，看上去好像有人看过，然后把它放在所有人都能看到的地方。A. take拿；B. see看；C. touch摸；D. protect保护。由上文的There was no ID in it和then set it right out可知，包里没有身份证，有人把身份证放在外面，是为了让人看到，辨认身份。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真的哭了，当我们到达它那里，黑色的东西是他的！A. panicked恐慌；B. exploded爆炸；C. collapsed坍塌；D. cried哭。由上文语境可知，作者从未相信人性信仰的伟大，发现五六个小时过后，背包还在喷泉那儿，没人拿走，这简直是个奇迹，作者感动得哭了。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我最疯狂的梦里，我从来没有想到现在会发生这种事。A. dreams梦想；B. claims声明；C. efforts努力；D. passions热情。由上文语境和下文的I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays可知，五六个小时过后，背包还在喷泉那儿，没人拿走，这简直是个奇迹，作者做梦都未想到这种事会发生。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信这是一个完美的教训，让孩子失去重要的东西……失去它，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇迹般地找回它。A. mode模式；B. lesson教训；C. option选择；D. plot情节。由下文语境可知，让孩子失去重要的东西，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇迹般地找回它，这可以给孩子一个教训（让孩子珍视自己拥有的东西）。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信这是一个完美的教训，让孩子失去重要的东西……失去它，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇迹般地找回它。A. range范围；B. pressure压力；C. weight重量；D. harvest收获。由上文语境可知，庞德丢失背包后，难过得哭了，说明这种失去的“重量”让他无法承受，所以他伤心。故选C项。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
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31. Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning?
A. Culture researchers. B. AI specialists. C. Language experts. D. Art designers.
32. What lies at the core of the Lancom app?
A. A flexible system. B. An effective method.
C. The brain-training technique. D. The informative content.
33. Lancom claims that it is unique in its ___________.
A. personalised courses B. multiple languages
C. pricing policy D. service team
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. A
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍一个名为Lancom的全球性语言学习应用程序，介绍了其特色、价格以及联系方式等信息。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“With advice from AI specialists, art designers and culture researchers, our multi-language experts endow Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language leaning.”可知，在人工智能专家、艺术设计师和文化研究者的建议下，我们的多语言专家为Lancom在语言学习领域提供了巨大的创新潜力。由此可知，语言专家为Lancom提供学习创新的巨大潜力。故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language leaning with advanced technology.”可知，Lancom的核心是一种世界级的有效方法，利用先进的技术来增强语言学习。由此可知，Lancom应用程序的核心是有效的方法。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language, building on grammar and words you already know.”可知，Lancom是唯一一款为您的母语量身定制课程的产品，以您已经掌握的语法和单词为基础，由此可知，Lancom声称它的个性化课程是独一无二的。故选A。
B
Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight against air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground.

Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.
Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. However, since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair（婴儿车）, she frequently records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment A gency.
The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy's 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma（哮喘）.
Matt Hunt said he was "very proud" of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma."
“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age," Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets（小装置）. About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let her monitor the pollution？'So we did it."
Tom said, "Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super dog, and we are all really proud of her."
34. With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can ____________.
A. take pollutant readings B. record pollutant levels
C. process collected data D. reduce air pollution
35. What can we learn from the Baggy data?
A. High places are free of air pollution.
B. Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.
C. Conventional monitors are more reliable.
D. Air is more polluted closer to the ground.
36. What is Tom's purpose of doing the research?
A. To warn of a health risk. B. To find out pollution sources.
C. To test his new monitor. D. To prove Baggy's abilities.
37. According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?
A. Modest. B. Generous. C. Creative. D. Outgoing.
【答案】34. B 35. D 36. A 37. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了13岁的孩子Tom Hunt和他的爸爸通过在自己的宠物狗的脖子上戴污染监测器来记录地面附近的污染物水平；监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于强调婴儿和幼儿可能面临更高风险发展肺部问题的担忧。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。本题题干意为：她的衣领上戴着监视器，Baggy 可以…。根据文章第二段Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Baggy在她的衣领上戴着污染监测器，这样她就可以在接近地面的地方进行数据测量。可知戴着污染监测器可以记录污染物的水平。故答案为B项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们从Baggy收集到的数据中可以了解到什么？根据文章第二段 Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.她的监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于突显婴儿和幼童罹患肺部疾病的风险更高的担忧。可知接近地面的空气污染水平更高。故答案为D项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。本题题干意为：进行这项研究Tom的意图是？根据文章第四段Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasize that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma（哮喘）.汤姆已经令人震惊的发现报告给政府,试图强调,婴儿患哮喘的风险更高。可知Tom研究的目的是对健康风险提出警告。故答案为A项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。本题题干意为：根据文章，哪个词最能描述汤姆·亨特?根据文章倒数第二段“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age," Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets（小装置）.About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let her monitor the pollution？'So we did it."汤姆在很小的时候就对环境保护产生了热情，马特补充说。他非常感兴趣的产品(小装置)。大约一年前，他得到了一个类似试管的新技术。一个星期天的下午，我们出去做一些监测，他说，为什么我们不把它戴在Baggy的衣领上，让她监测污染?于是我们就这么做了。可知Tom是非常的有创造力的。故答案为C项。
C
For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
The author's intention remains as mysterious（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says.
Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn't just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eve problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.
The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.
Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving.
Back when science—then called “the new philosophy”—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering（修补）, as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.
If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.
38. How did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript?
A. Confused about the technical terms.
B. Impressed with its detailed instructions.
C. Discouraged by its complex structure.
D. Shocked for her own lack of hand skills.
39. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to _____________.
A. restore old workshops B. understand the craftsmen
C. improve visual effects D. inspire the philosophers
40. Why does the author mention museums?
A. To reveal the beauty of ancient objects.
B. To present the findings of old science.
C. To highlight the importance of antiques.
D. To emphasise the values of hand skills.
41. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists
B. Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories
C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists
D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science
【答案】38. D 39. B 40. D 41. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家Paula Smith致力于对古代手工技能的研究，认为科学家如果能够把古代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says.” 让史密斯震惊主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她说:“你根本无法通过阅读来了解这些手工作品。” 由此可知读完这份法国手稿，这种手工技能让史密斯感到震惊，故选D。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, ” 重建几个世纪前工匠的作品，可以揭示他们如何看待世界，他们的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down.” 史密斯说，这项工作也给博物馆带来了深刻的见解。为了保存它，一个人必须知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一的方法，以了解宝藏磨损之前的样子。因此可知，博物馆要想很好保存物品，必须要知道这件物品是如何制成的，也是在强调手工技能的价值，故选D。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. ”史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，就能够获得更多的成就。C选项Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists工艺造就了更好的科学家，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选C。
【点睛】标题猜测题。属于主旨大意题的一种，标题应位于文章之首，概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，或句子。确定文章标题，第一，标题要与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容，不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；第三，标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应新颖，概括性强并且精炼。小题4中C选项概括文中主旨大意，与主题密切相关，故选C。
D
Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
Some of today’s AI pioneers want to move on from today’s world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today’s powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.”
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (强化) by many works of fiction — Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today’s excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world’s foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever.
42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean?
A. Enormous in quantity. B. Changeable daily.
C. Stable in quality. D. Present everywhere.
43. What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?
A. Help to tackle problems. B. Make brains more active.
C. Benefit ambitious people. D. Set up powerful databases.
44. As for Irving Good’s opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is ____________.
A. supportive B. disapproving
C. fearful D. uncertain
45. What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?
A. It may be only a dream.
B. It will come into being soon.
C. It will be controlled by humans.
D. It may be more dangerous than ever.
【答案】42. D 43. A 44. B 45. A
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要就通用人工智能(AGI)实现的可能性进行了论述。
【42题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句后面的For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another(例如，算法在我们的金融市场上进行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，我们的智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言)可知，人工智能在我们生活中用处十分广泛。由此推知，划线词所在句意为“某些形式的人工智能确实正在变得无处不在”，即划线词与D选项“Present everywhere.(在任何地方存在)”意思接近。故选D项。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems(AGI的倡导者说，AGI可以24小时为我们工作，并利用所有可用的数据，可以提出许多问题的解决方案)可知，AGI(通用人工智能)的倡导者认为，AGI(通用人工智能)可以提出许多问题的解决方案，帮助我们解决问题。因此，A选项“Help to tackle problems(帮助解决问题)”符合题意。故选A项。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.”(自从人工智能的早期，想象力已经超过了可能。1965年，一位富有想象力的数学家欧文·古德预言，最终将创造出一台“超智能机器……它将远远超过任何一个人的智力活动，无论他有多聪明。”)可知，作者认为Irving Good对“超智能机器”的想象力超出了实现的可能，作者并不赞成他的观点，因此B项“disapproving(不赞成)”符合题意。故选B项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一句And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever. (而且，在与世界上许多顶尖的人工智能研究人员交谈后，我相信有充分的理由怀疑我们是否会很快看到AGI)可推断出，通用人工智能（AGI）或许只是一个梦想，A选项“It may be only a dream(它也许仅仅是一个梦想)”符合题意。故选择A项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____46____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.
____47____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.____48____For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____49____
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.____50____
Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.
A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.
F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
【答案】46. B 47. D 48. C 49. G 50. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。
【46题详解】
根据上文“Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negative self-talks可对应到B选项中Negative self-talk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。
【47题详解】
根据后文“People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中People who think positively以及Positive thinking可对应到D选项中Positive thinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。
【48题详解】
根据后文“For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.(例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。
【49题详解】
根据上文“Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。
【50题详解】
根据上文“In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. (总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节（15分）
51. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校英语戏剧俱乐部外籍指导教师Jim因疫情滞留英国。复学在即，作为俱乐部负责人，你给Jim写一封电子邮件，请他推荐一名外籍指导教师，内容包括：
1. 条件及要求；
2. 表示感谢并提醒注意防护。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How are you doing? I hope everything's OK with you.
Our school's drama club plans to start practising. Since you're away in Britain, we need a drama teacher to be in your place. Would you please recommend one for us?
He or she should be a native English speaker, currently in Beijing, and experienced in both directing and teaching.
Thank you for your help. Please take care of yourself. Remember to wear a mask when necessary.
Best wishes,
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校英语戏剧俱乐部外籍指导教师Jim因疫情滞留英国。复学在即，作为俱乐部负责人，你给Jim写一封电子邮件，请他推荐一名外籍指导教师，内容包括：1. 条件及要求；2. 表示感谢并提醒注意防护。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：drama club (戏剧俱乐部)；plan to do sth.(计划做某事)；in one's place(代替某人)；recommend(推荐)；a native English speaker(以英语为母语的人)；currently (目前)；experienced(熟练的)；both…and…(两者都……)；take care of(照顾)；wear a mask(戴口罩)等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Since you're away in Britain, we need a drama teacher to be in your place.运用原因状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
第二节（20分）
52. 假设你是红星中学高三（1）班班长李华。居家学习期间，你们班开展了一次以“自律”为主题的调研活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文稿件，给你们学校英文网站投稿，记述你在本次活动中发现问题并解决问题的过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：自律 self-discipline

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
While studying at home, I surveyed my class on “self-discipline”. The findings worried me a lot.
To solve the problem, I asked my parents for help, and they offered some practical advice. Then I held an online discussion with my classmates on how to well discipline ourselves. After that, we all knew better what to do.
Three months later I did a second survey, which showed great improvements in self-discipline. I phoned my teacher about it, and we both felt very pleased.
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。这是一篇图画作文，要求考生按以下四幅图的先后顺序，就你开展“自律”调研活动中发现问题并解决问题的过程写一篇英文稿件，向学校英文网站投稿。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时
人称：第一人称为主
结构：总分法
  总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1. 表明写作主题——“自律”
2. 根据图片描写事件过程：
第一幅图片描写自己对“自律”调研结果很担忧；
第二幅图片描写自己向父母求助解决方法/建议；
第三幅图片描写自己和同学们在网上讨论如何自律；
第四幅图片描写三个月后，大家自律能力有了很大提高，我和老师很高兴。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
ask sb. for help；practical advice；an online discussion；do a second survey
第三步：连词成句
1. I asked my parents for help and they offered some practical advice.
2. Then I held an online discussion with my classmates on how to well discipline ourselves.
3. I did a second survey, which showed great improvements in self-discipline.
(根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。）
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last, Last but not least
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not only…but (also), including, also
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause (从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
5表换一种方式表达：In other words, that is to say,
6.表进行举例说明：For example; For instance; such as + n/doing
7.表陈述事实：In fact, frankly speaking
8.表选择：either…or…，or
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，结构严谨，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如which showed great improvements in self-discipline这句话中用了which引导的非限制性定语从句；使用了非常好的短语，如ask sb. for help，an online discussion，do a second survey等，为文章增色不少。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。