2021年高考英语二轮复习课件：专题三 阅读理解 第一节

这是一份2021年高考英语二轮复习课件：专题三 阅读理解 第一节，PPT课件主要包含了关键信息定位法，题段一致法，释义法，扫读法，位置特征法，关键词法等内容，欢迎下载使用。

(2017·天津，A片段)Writing the wrng nameThe sner yu ntice，the better.Respnd quickly and briefly，aplgising fr yur mistake.Keep the tne measured：dn’t handle it t lightly，as peple can be ffended，especially if yur errr suggests a misunderstanding f their culture ( rdering f Chinese names)．
37.If yu have written the wrng name in an email，it is best t in a serius mannerB.tell the receiver t ignre the errrC.learn t write the name crrectlyD.send a shrt ntice t everyne
解析　细节理解题。由题干中的“written the wrng name”可定位到“Writing the wrng name”下的“ fr yur mistake.Keep the tne measured：dn’t handle it t lightly...”。由此可知，如果在电子邮件里写错了名字，以一种严肃的方式向对方道歉是最好的，故选A项。
解答这类题时，一个常用的方法就是根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子。如该句中出现了but，hwever，yet，while等表转折的词语及in additin，furthermre，besides，mrever，what’s mre，mst f all，mst imprtantly，especially等表递进的词语，后面往往为关键信息，是正确答案。但要与选项进行比较，最终确定答案。该方法运用的前提是在题干中找到定位关键词。该方法多用于细节理解题。
(2017·全国Ⅰ，A片段)Visit Pacific Science Center’s StreDn’t frget t stp by Pacific Science Center’s Stre while yu are here t pick up a wnderful science activity r suvenir t remember yur visit.The stre is lcated(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next t the Laser Dme.
21.Where can yu buy a suvenir at Pacific Science Center?A.In Building 1.B.In Building the Laser Dme.D.At the Denny Way entrance.
解析　细节理解题。首先根据题干中的“suvenir” 可将答案锁定在Visit Pacific Science Center’s Stre这一部分；再根据本段中的“The stre is lcated(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next t the Laser Dme.”可知Pacific Science Center的购物点在Laser Dme旁边的3号楼上，故选B。
(2017·天津，D片段)I read smewhere that we spend a full third f ur lives waiting.But where are we ding all f this waiting，and what des it mean t an impatient sciety like urs？T understand the issue，let’s take a lk at three types f “waits”.
55.The authr supprts his view by varius causes f “waits”B.describing detailed prcesses f “waits”C.analyzing different categries f “waits”D.revealing frustrating cnsequences f “waits”
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“T understand the issue，let’s take a lk at three types f ‘waits’.”可知，作者是通过分析这三种类型的“等待”来帮助理解这个问题，故选C项。
半数以上的文章会在文章的第一段或最后一段直接给出主题关键词，且常是首句；还有部分文章在第一段或最后一段间接给出主题关键词，正确答案与主题关键词有高度的重合性：形似、意似。
(2017·全国Ⅰ，A片段)Supprt Pacific Science CenterSince 1962，Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passin(热情) fr discvery and lifelng learning in science，math and technlgy.Tday，Pacific Science Center serves mre than 1.3 millin peple a year and brings inquiry-based science educatin t classrms and cmmunity events all ver Washingtn State.
22.What des Pacific Science Center d fr schls?A.Train science teachers.B.Distribute science scientific research.D.Take science t the classrm.
解析　细节理解题。由标题及该段第二句“Tday，Pacific Science Center serves mre than 1.3 millin peple a year and brings inquiry-based science educatin t classrms and cmmunity events all ver Washingtn State.”可知此处的关键词应是“science”，太平洋科学中心把基于探究的科学教育带入课堂。
(2017·天津，A片段)Clicking “reply all” unintentinallyYu accidentally reveal(透露) t the entire cmpany what menu chices yu wuld prefer at the staff Christmas dinner，r what hliday yu’d like t take.In this instance，the best slutin is t send a quick，light-hearted aplgy t explain yur awkwardness.But it can quickly rise t smething wrse，when everyne starts hitting “reply all” t jin in a lng and unpleasant cnversatin.In this instance，step away frm yur keybard t allw everyne t calm dwn.
解析　细节理解题。由题干中的“reply all”可定位到“Clicking ‘reply all’ unintentinally”下的“In this instance，step away frm yur keybard t allw everyne t calm dwn.”。由此可知，此题应选B项“避免进一步的参与”。
38.What shuld yu d when an unpleasant cnversatin is started by yur “reply all” email?A.Try ffering ther chices.B.Avid further ther staff members.D.Make a light-hearted aplgy.
按照文章的发展顺序设置题目，是目前最主要的出题方法。这种出题方法最简单，最容易操作，因此为命题者所偏爱。学生则应按照文章的段落顺序依次进行解答，没有必要百分之百读懂整篇文章，没有必要从头到尾把全文读一遍，按照这一定律，边看题干，边看原文，从而快速解题。
(2017·全国Ⅰ，A片段) It’s an amazing accmplishment and ne we cannt achieve withut generus supprt frm individuals，crpratins，and ther scial rganizatins.Visit pacificsciencecenter.rg t find varius ways yu can supprt Pacific Science Center.
23.What is the purpse f the last part f the text?A.T encurage advertise cming intrduce special tell abut the Center’s histry.
解析　推理判断题。根据该部分中的“Visit pacificsciencecenter.rg t find varius ways yu can supprt Pacific Science Center.”可知作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之提供捐助。故选A。
(2017·天津，C片段)The prpsal attempts t deal with what sme call the “death valley” f autnmus vehicles：the grey area between semi-autnmus and fully driverless cars that culd delay the driverless future.
解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“ grey area between semi-autnmus and fully driverless cars that culd delay the driverless future.”可知，death valley指的就是半自主驾驶和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带，即：对司机角色的定义不清楚。故选D项。
46.What des the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer t?A.A place where cars ften break dwn.B.A case where passing a law is area where n driving is permitted.D.A situatin where drivers’ rle is nt clear.
词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。词义猜测的具体技巧如下：根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；根据同位关系进行猜测；根据同义关系进行猜测；根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测；根据因果关系进行猜测；根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测；根据常识或背景知识进行猜测。
(2017·全国Ⅰ，D片段)T cnstruct a wrking still，use a sharp stick r rck t dig a hle fur feet acrss and three feet deep.Try t make the hle in a damp area t increase the water catcher’s prductivity.Place yur cup in the deepest part f the hle.Then lay the tube in place s that ne end rests all the way in the cup and the rest f the line runs up—and ut—the side f the hle.
33.What des the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in Paragraph 2 refer t?A.The tube. B.The hle. D.The cup.
解析　词义猜测题。根据本段描述可知，制作一个蒸馏器装置，需要挖一个四英尺宽、三英尺深的洞，要尽量在潮湿的地方挖洞来提高the water catcher的生产力，结合全文可知，提高的应该是整个蒸馏器装置的生产力，故选B项。
(2017·全国Ⅰ，B片段)The hmewner was very helpful.A wire basket was fund.I put sme pine branches int the basket t make this nest safe and cmfrtable.I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed dwn.
解析　 细节理解题。扫读全文，可确定该段中的“I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed dwn.”为解题的关键信息。由此可知，作者为猫头鹰幼雏做的新鸟巢让它很快就安静下来。故选A。
26.What made the chick calm dwn?A.A new nest. B.Sme fd.C.A recrding. D.Its parents.
扫读不是简单地走马观花，而是在保证快速、高效的前提下，锁定关键信息：(1)注意特征词，如：luckily，unfrtunately，as a result，besides等；(2)注意时间点，如：yesterday，last year，tday，nw等；(3)找主线：文章的主线往往是文章的中心思想或者作者对文中所论述的事物所持的观点或态度等。
(2016·四川，D)A warm drink f milk befre bed has lng been the best chice fr thse wanting a gd night’s sleep.But nw a study has fund it really des help peple nd ff—if it is milked frm a cw at night.Researchers have discvered that “night milk” cntains mre melatnin(褪黑激素)，which has been prven t help peple feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study，by researchers frm Seul，Suth Krea，invlved mice being fed with dried milk pwder made frm cws milked bth during the day and at night.Thse given night milk，which cntained 10 times the amunt f melatnin，were less active and less anxius than thse fed with the milk cllected during daytime，accrding t the study published in The Jurnal f Medicinal Fd.Night milk quickened the start f sleep and caused the mice t sleep lnger.
While the effect f cws milk harvested at different time has nt been tested n humans up t nw，taking melatnin drugs has been suggested t thse wh are struggling t fall asleep at night.Previus studies have als indicated that milk can be excellent fr helping sleep because f the calcium cntent，which helps peple t relax.Milk is als sugar-free and additive-free with nutritinists recmmending skimmed milk as the best chice befre bed as it is the least fattening.The mre fat yu take in befre bedtime，the greater burden yu will put n yur bdy at night.
34.What can be a suitable title fr the text?A.Night Milk and SleepB.Fat，Sugar and HealthC.An Experiment n MiceD.Milk Drinking and Health
解析　标题归纳题。文章主要说明了喝夜间挤的牛奶与睡眠之间的关系。所以选项A 是文章的最佳标题。
35.Hw des the authr supprt the theme f the text?A.By giving stating explaining statistical prviding research results.
解析　推理判断题。详读全文，可以看出作者是通过提供研究成果来支持文章主题的，故选D项。
(2017·天津，D片段)We certainly d spend a gd deal f ur time waiting.The next time yu’re standing at the sink waiting fr it t fill while cking ndle sup that yu’ll have t eat until a large bag f cash falls ut f the sky，dn’t be desperate.Yu’re prbably just as busy as the next guy.
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“The next ’t be desperate.”可知，下次等待的时候，不要绝望，即不要丧失信心(Dn’t lse heart.)，故选D项。
54.What des the authr advise us t d the next time we are waiting?A.Take it ’t rely n smething ’t lse heart.
正确答案的位置：位于介词短语、非谓语动词、从句、倒装、强调、虚拟语气等结构中。其中定语从句和状语从句一般都是重点观察主句，而宾语从句则考查从句较多。对于一些常见的并列结构，就近原则的一般后半部分重要，就远原则的一般前面重要。正确答案的特征：一般情况下，中心思想，论述事物所持的观点、态度是答案；绝对的不是答案，商量口气的是答案；断章取义的不是答案，概括性的是答案；具体的不是答案，抽象的是答案；含有明确因果关系的常是答案；消极负面的不是答案，正面积极的是答案；长句难句里常有正确答案等。
(2017·全国Ⅰ，D片段)Next，cver the hle with the plastic sheet，securing the edges f the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center dwn with a rck.The plastic shuld nw frm a cne(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides.The lw pint f the sheet must be centered directly ver，and n mre than three inches abve，the cup.
34.What is the last step f cnstructing a wrking slar still?A.Dig a hle f a certain the cup in the sheet’s center the hle with the plastic sheet.
解析　 细节理解题。根据该段中的“Next，cver the hle with the plastic sheet，securing the edges f the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center dwn with a rck.”可知最后一步是weighting the sheet’s center dwn with a rck(用一块石头把塑料板的中心位置压下去)，故选C。