2021年高考英语二轮复习课件：专题三 阅读理解 第三节 题组2

这是一份2021年高考英语二轮复习课件：专题三 阅读理解 第三节 题组2，共41页。

A(2017·河东区一模)D yu ever wish fr a little mre time t d everything yu need t d？Well，n July 1 yu’ll be getting it—but nly ne mre secnd.On July 1 at exactly 7：59：59 time (r n June 30 at 23：59：59 UTC，Crdinated Universal Time)，the wrld’s atmic(原子的) clcks will pause fr a single secnd，r，mre precisely，change t the unusual time f 7：59：60，accrding t additin f a leap secnd(闰秒)，annunced by the Paris Observatry，is t keep ur clcks in time with the slwing f Earth’s rtatin(旋转) and astrnmical time as measured by the sun.
Just ne extra secnd culd cause big prblems and affect the way cmputers and websites wrk，hwever.When the last leap secnd was added back in 2012，mre than a few websites had sme truble.As reprted by Phys.rg，ppular sites like the cmmunity website Reddit crashed when the leap secnd was added.Fr Reddit，the prblem was eventually fund t be with a Linux system that gt cnfused when it checked the netwrk time and fund an extra secnd.
Speaking t Wired abut the prblem back in 2012，Linux creatr Linus Trvalds cmmented：“Almst every time we have a leap secnd，we find smething.It’s really annying，because it’s cde(代码) that is almst never used，and thus nt tested by users under their nrmal cnditins.”Cmpanies have had t think f their wn slutins，and Ggle’s “leap smear” may be the best-knwn example.As cmpany engineer Christpher Pasce explains in a blg pst，cmpanies usually try t fix the prblem by turning back the clcks by ne secnd at the end f the day s that they play that secnd again.
Hwever，Pasce believes this creates prblems.He asked：“What happens？Des e-mail that cmes in during that secnd get stred crrectly？”Ggle has a slutin：Cut the extra secnd int millisecnds and then put these tiny amunts f time int the system thrughut the day.“This means that when it became time t add an extra secnd at midnight，”says Pasce.“Our clcks have already taken this int accunt ver the curse f the day.”
Fr many cmpanies withut Ggle’s mney，hwever，the leap secnd will likely still cause sme crashes.Dn’t wrry，thugh—at least it wn’t last lng!
语篇解读　本文主要介绍了“闰秒”带来的影响及其解决方案。
1.Why d we need t add a leap secnd?A.The wrld’s atmic clcks are set t d keep in time with the wrld’s keep atmic clcks in time with the slwing f Earth’s recrd the changes t astrnmical time.
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The additin f a leap secnd(闰秒)，annunced by the Paris Observatry，is t keep ur clcks in time with the slwing f Earth’s rtatin(旋转) and astrnmical time as measured by the sun.”可知，闰秒是由于地球自转变慢引起的，为了与由太阳测量的天文时间一致而增加一秒，故选C。
2.What happened t the website Reddit when the leap secnd was added in 2012?A.It crashed because f a virus netwrk time added tw extra f the cde in its Linux system went f its sftware systems gt cnfused and the site brke dwn.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段中“the prblem was eventually fund t be with a Linux system that gt cnfused when it checked the netwrk time and fund an extra secnd”可知，闰秒发生时，网站崩溃，运行系统混乱，故选D。
解析　代词指代题。根据文章第五段中“we find smething.It’s really annying，because it’s cde(代码) that is almst never used，and thus nt tested by users under their nrmal cnditins”可知，smething指代后文出现的一些从没使用过和测试过的代码，即代码不正常地工作，故选A。
3.What des the underlined wrd “smething” refer t in the 5th paragraph?A.The cde nt wrking prperly.B.The extra prblem.D.Nrmal cnditins.
4.Hw d cmpanies usually deal with the prblem f the extra secnd?A.By shutting dwn cmputers at the end f the stpping receiving emails that cme in during that turning the clcks back by ne secnd at the end f the cutting the extra secnd int millisecnds thrughut the day.
解析　细节理解题。根据第六段中“cmpanies usually try t fix the prblem by turning back the clcks by ne secnd at the end f the day s that they play that secnd again”可知，解决额外一秒的做法是在一天结束时将时钟往回调一秒，故选C。
5.What’s Christpher Pasce’s attitude tward Ggle’s slutin t the prblem?A.Unfavrable. D.Cautius.
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“‘This means that when it became time t add an extra secnd at midnight，’says Pasce.‘Our clcks have already taken this int accunt ver the curse f the day.’”可知，午夜时分多一秒时，时钟已经在白天将这一秒考虑在内了，所以Pasce认同这个方法，故选C。
B(2017·和平区一模)Saping up yur hands may d mre than just get rid f germs.It may wash away the inner cnfusin yu feel right after being frced t make a chice between tw appealing chices，accrding t a new study.The study builds n past research int a phenmenn knwn as “the Macbeth effect”.
It turns ut that Shakespeare was really nt smething when he imagined Lady Macbeth trying t clean her cnscience(良心) by rubbing invisible bldstains frm her hands.A few years ag，scientists asked peple t describe a past wrng act.If peple were then given a chance t clean their hands，they later expressed less guilt than peple wh hadn’t cleaned.This finding fascinated ，a researcher.“Anything frm the past，any kind f negative emtinal experiences，might be washed away，” says Lee.
He decided t test hand washing’s effect n ne kind f bad feeling：the tensin we feel after being frced t chse between tw attractive chices，because picking ne chice makes us feel that we’ve lst the ther.Peple usually try t calm this inner cnflict by later exaggerating(夸大) the psitive aspects f their chice.He had students rank 10 different music CDs.Then he ffered students ne CD as a gift.Sme students then used liquid sap.Others nly lked at the sap r sniffed(嗅) it.“Actually，yu d nt need water and sap，” says Lee.
Later，the students again had t rank all the music.Peple wh didn’t wash their hands had the nrmal respnse—they scred their take-hme CD higher，suggesting that they nw saw it as even mre attractive than befre.But this wasn’t true fr the hand washers.They ranked the music abut the same.“They feel n need at all t justify the chice，” says Lee.
But the implicatins f it just aren’t clear.Schwarz says it’s t sn t knw whether peple shuld head fr a sink after making a tugh chice.He says washing may help decisin-makers by cleaning away mental disrder，but perhaps if they dn’t g thrugh the usual pst-decisin prcess f justifying their chice，they might feel mre srrw in the lng run.
语篇解读　本文主要讲述了用香皂洗手会帮助人们缓解作决定时的紧张与不安的情绪。
解析　推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，人们在洗手后会感到良心上的愧疚感减轻，故选A。
6.The Macbeth effect refers t the fact that feel less ashamed after washing their handsB.saping up ne’s hand may help wash away the inner cnfusin and make a decisinC.peple feel less guilty by getting rid f invisible germs frm their handsD.Shakespeare did scientific research befre writing Macbeth
7.Accrding t Lee，after peple make the chice will verstate the gdness f their chsen chiceB.they will feel regretful fr nt chsing antherC.they will feel free due t the feeling f lsing the ther chiceD.they will think nthing f their chsen chice any mre t calm their inner cnflict
解析　细节理解题。由第四段内容可知，在做出两个选项的选择后，人们通常会紧张不安，以夸大自己所选择的事物的优点来使内心平静，故选A。
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“‘They feel n need at all t justify the chice，’says Lee.”可知选B。
8.Accrding t Lee，thse hand washers cnsider justifying their chice scientificB.unnecessaryC.a little cnvincingD.abslutely useless
9.What des Schwarz need t research mre?A.Whether peple need t justify their peple feel mre srrw after washing washing hands help ver a lng perid f washing hands is helpful t make a chice.
解析　细节理解题。通过最后一段内容可知，洗手从长远看是否有作用还需要更多的研究，故选C。
10.What might be the mst suitable title fr the passage?A.Is Washing Hands Necessary t Defeat Tensin?B.Washing Hands Washes Our MindC.Washing Hands Helps Make a Better ChiceD.Washing Hands Reduces the Stress f Decisin
解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段内容以及整篇文章的介绍可知，本文主要讲洗手能够减轻作决定的压力，故选D。
C(2017·南开区三模)Yu knw the saying “Yu’re as yung as yu feel”.Well，there may be sme truth in that，accrding t researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy.Ellen Langer，a Harvard psychlgist wh studies hw the mind influences the bdy，and her clleagues reviewed the scientific literature fr evidence that a persn’s perceptin f their age might influence their health.They published their results in the jurnal Perspectives n Psychlgical Science.
In ne study that Langer led,47 wmen had their hair dne.The wmen wh thught their new hairds(发型) made them lk yunger did lk yunger t bjective bservers，wh were shwn befre-and-after pictures.The wmen wh thught they lked yunger als shwed a drp in bld pressure.Anther study invlving 4,421 men fund that thse wh became bald(秃顶) at a relatively yung age were mre likely t get cancer and heart disease than men wh did nt.Similarly，anther study invlving 2,017 men fund that thse wh lst their hair early were mre likely t develp heart disease.“We believe that the feelings assciated with being lder than ne’s real age accunt fr sme f these health utcmes，” the researchers wrte.
The researchers als described studies which fund that wmen wh had children later in life were mre likely t be healthier and live lnger than thse wh had children early，which they attributed t the fact that these mthers tend t spend mre time with yunger wmen.Similarly，peple wh marry yunger partners tend t live lnger than thse wh marry lder partners，accrding t ther studies.Taken tgether，the research supprts the general mind-bdy hypthesis(假说) that when a yunger mind is prepared，a yunger bdy can accmpany it.While the mechanism(机制) remains unclear，
the researchers figured that suggestins assciated with aging can make ne uncnsciusly r cnsciusly aware f ld age and set in mtin a series f physilgical prcesses that can have real effects n shrt-term and lng-term health.
语篇解读　本文为说明文，题材为科普知识类。觉得自己更年轻的人更健康也活得更长。
解析　词义猜测题。由第一段第一句中的“Yu’re as yung as yu feel”及第二段第一句中的“hw the mind influences the bdy”可推测出答案。
11.The underlined wrd “perceptin” in Paragraph 2 means “ ” D.creatin
12.Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t Paragraph 3?A.Bld pressure is clsely related t lder than ne’s real age may be tied t health cancer r heart disease is the cause f hair wmen wh lve hairds lk yunger than thse wh dn’t.
解析　细节理解题。由第三段列举的三项研究的结果及最后一句话的总结可知选B。
解析　推理判断题。由该段中举的例子可推知选C。
13.It can be inferred frm Paragraph 4 that .A.a yunger mther is mre likely t live lngerB.the yunger ne f a cuple lives much lngerC.ften staying with yunger peple can benefit peple’s healthD.peple wh want t live lnger need t marry yung
解析　主旨大意题。由第一段第一句中的“Yu’re as yung as yu feel”和最后一段第一句中的“the research supprts the general mind-bdy hypthesis(假说) that when a yunger mind is prepared，a yunger bdy can accmpany it”可知，人们对自己年龄的认知可能会影响健康，故选D。
14.The passage mainly tells us that bald t early is nt gd fr healthB.wmen had better give birth later in their lifeC.peple wh marry yunger partners tend t live lngerD.peple’s view f their age may have an effect n their wn health
15.Frm which page f a newspaper is the passage mst prbably taken frm?A.Entertainment. D.Plitics.
解析　文章出处题。本文是关于健康的，故最有可能出自报纸上的健康专栏。故选B。
D(2017·河西区二模)When yu want t thrw smething ut as “junk”，better take a secnd thught as it may be f great value.In fact，scientists made the same mistake with DNA years ag，and nw they are trying t get it right.We ften say that DNA is a kind f acid that cntains ur genes.But the truth is that genes nly make up 1 t 2 percent f ur DNA，which caused scientists t believe that the rest f it is useless.
Nevertheless，instead f ding nthing，junk DNA，as it is called，turned ut t be playing an imprtant part in ur bdy.If genes are like light bulbs，then junk DNA acts as switches.They cntrl which genes are used in a cell and hw active they are.Fr example，they can determine whether a cell becmes a lung cell r a neurn(神经元).The study，published in the jurnal Nature n September 5，started in 2003，and 442 scientists frm 30 labs arund the wrld were invlved，accrding t Reuters.It is cnsidered the biggest breakthrugh in genmics(基因学) in a decade because it might help scientists find the cause f certain diseases.
It has lng been knwn that many cmplicated diseases，such as cancer，are caused by tiny changes in DNA.But nw scientists realize that mst f the changes ccur nt in the genes themselves，but in the “junk” part f the DNA.They are able t keep track f hw and why the switches change and then figure ut new treatments and drugs.“Our frmer understanding f DNA was like getting a picture f Earth frm space，”Eric Lander frm the Brad Institute，US，tld The New Yrk Times.“Yu knw the planet is there，but yu cannt see exactly what it’s like n the surface.”
But nw with the new study result “yu can fllw the rads and see the traffic circulatin.That’s exactly the same way we will use this data in cancer research，”explained Mark Rubin frm Weill Crnell Medical Cllege in New Yrk.
语篇解读　本文主要介绍了垃圾DNA其实在我们的身体中也扮演着重要的角色。
解析　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了垃圾DNA其实在我们的身体中也扮演着重要的角色，这是医学上的一个新发现，故选C。
16.Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?A.DNA—The Cause f CancerB.What Is DNA?C.A New Discvery fr “Junk DNA”D.A Misunderstanding f Genes
17.What des the underlined phrase “get it right” in the first paragraph refer t?A.Discvering new types f the imprtance f junk the rle genes play in useful DNA frm useless ne.
解析　词义猜测题。根据上文中的“多年前科学家对于垃圾DNA也犯了同样的错误”可推知，他们现在正在纠正，也就是认识到垃圾DNA的重要性。故选B。
18.The authr explains hw different parts f DNA wrk by a general theryb.making a metaphr(比喻)c.giving examplesd.displaying research dataA.a，c B.b，cC.a，d D.c，d
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“If genes are like light bulbs，then junk DNA acts as switches.”可知，作者使用比喻来解释DNA的作用；根据第四段内容可知，作者具体举出了例子，故选B。
19.The results f the study mentined in the article shw that is caused by tiny changes in genes themselvesB.the study f junk DNA is less imprtant than the study f genesC.changes in junk DNA d nt affect genesD.junk DNA is very imprtant fr the functining f ur cells
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“They cntrl which genes are used in a cell and hw active they are.”可知，垃圾DNA对于我们细胞的正常功能是非常重要的，故选D。
20.Which f the fllwing statements might Mark Rubin agree with?A.The findings f ur genes are enugh t fight against battle against cancer will be wn within tw findings f junk DNA thrw light n hw we might cure new treatments and drugs will change junk DNA quickly.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“That’s exactly the same way we will use this data in cancer research...”可知，研究垃圾DNA得出的数据将运用到癌症治疗的研究中，故选C。