高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars课时训练

《Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars Warming Up & Reading》

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1．A ________ (violence) tornado hit a village in southwest of China the other day.

2．As we all know, a bad eating habit is ________ (harm) to one's health.

3．Do you believe that there is the ________ (exist) of ghosts?

4．He often says that he doesn't believe in any ________ (religious)and only believes in himself.

5．________ (like) what he said, he didn't carry out his promise.

6．There is a ________ expression on his face because of the ________ problem. (puzzle)

7．To us the whole ________ (global)is like a family.

8．If a person or thing is ________ (chain) to something, they are fastened to it with a chain.

9．The customers have ________ (multiply) their demands on this kind of products in the past two years.

10．We need many powerful ________ (system)to keep a stable society running smoothly (顺利地)．

答案：1.violent　2.harmful　3.existence　4.religion　5.Unlike　6.puzzled; puzzling　7.globe　8.chained　9.multiplied　10.systems

Ⅱ.用适当的介词或副词填空

1．We have, ________ our turn, become the strongest team in our school.

2．It took her a long time to cool ________ after the argument.

3．He stayed in the background to escape ________ the public attention.

4．On October 17, at 9：25 am, she gave birth ________ a beautiful baby girl.

5．A person, ________ a machine, is not replaceable.

答案：1.in　2.down　3.from　4.to　5.unlike

Ⅲ.完成句子

1．The other day the cat ________________ three kitties. (birth)

几天前这只猫生了三只小猫。

2．If you fly to Shanghai, you will ________________. (attend)

如果你乘飞机去上海，你就能够及时赶上出席会议。

3．Now it is ________________ the room. (turn)

现在轮到我们打扫房间。

4．The polluted water can ________________. (harmful)

污染的水会对环境造成很大的危害。

5．His father ________________ work in another city. (prevent)

他父亲阻止他去另一个城市工作。

6．Man is born free, but ________________. (chain)

人生来是自由的，然而他却无处不受束缚。

7．________________ so hard­working. (unlike)

那么勤奋不像他平常的样子。

8．Nowadays, there are still many people wondering ________________. (existence)

现在仍有很多人想知道，地球是何时开始存在的。

9．The student ________________. (puzzled)

这个学生对下一步做什么感到困惑。

10．They often ________________. (argue)

他们之间经常吵架很凶。

答案：1.gave birth to　2.be able to attend the meeting in time　3.our turn to clean　4.be very harmful to the environment　5.prevented him from going to　6.everywhere he is in chains　7.It's unlike him to be　8.when the world came into existence　9.was puzzled about what to do next　10.argue with each other violently

Ⅳ.完形填空

Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts __1__ our protective blanket on __2__. Light gets through, and this is essential __3__ plants to make the food which we __4__. Heat, __5__，makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet (紫外线的) rays penetrate the __6__. Cosmic (宇宙的) rays of various kinds come __7__ the air from outer space , but __8__ quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. __9__ men leave the atmosphere they are __10__ to this radiation, __11__ their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft，if they are inside, __12__ prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in __13__. Doses of radiation are measured in __14__ called “rems (雷目)”. We all __15__ radiation here on earth from the sun，from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals. The “__16__” dose of radiation that we receive each year is about two millirems. It __17__ according to where you live, and this is a very rough estimate. Scientists have the reason to think __18__ a man can __19__ far more radiation __20__ without being damaged. The figure of 60 rems has been agreed.

1．A.for   B．with  C．on   D．as

2．A.stars   B．sun  C．earth   D．space

3．A.with   B．from  C．under   D．for

4．A.use   B．live  C．eat   D．get

5．A.again   B．also   C．besides   D．too

6．A.environment   B．space  C．atmosphere   D．earth

7．A.across   B．to  C．from   D．through

8．A.valid   B．enormous  C. various   D．proper

9．A.As soon as   B．As well as  C．As much as   D．As possible as

10．A.shown   B．exposed  C．faced   D．covered

11．A.but   B．because  C．so   D．so that

12．A.get   B．make  C．have   D．do

13．A.earth   B．atmosphere  C．space   D．environment

14．A.pieces   B．units  C．parts   D．systems

15．A.receive   B．accept  C．bring   D．catch

16．A.conventional   B．common  C．general   D．normal

17．A.puzzles   B．floats  C．combines   D．changes

18．A.what   B．which  C．that   D．why

19．A.put up with   B．keep up with  C．come up with   D．catch up with

20．A.from   B．than  C．as   D．away

答案与解析：

本文是一篇说明文。太阳和其他星体发出的射线对人类既有利又有弊，那么大气层对此又是如何起作用的呢？人们能承受的安全射线数是多少雷目呢？

1．解析：act for代表，代理；act on按照……行事；act as充当，起……作用。句意：大气层再次对我们起到保护伞的作用。

答案：D

2．解析：由上题可知大气层起到保护伞的作用，保护的应该是地球。故选C项。

答案：C

3．解析：be essential for对……来说是首要的、基础的，为固定搭配。

答案：D

4．解析：由题意可知植物依靠阳光来制造我们吃的食物，故选C项。

答案：C

5．解析：句意：热能也能使我们的生活环境温度适宜，并且一些紫外线可以穿透大气层。also一般紧跟动词；besides一般用在句首；too可用在句中，用逗号隔开。

答案：D

6．解析：根据上题所讲，penetrate(穿透)这个动词后面应接atmosphere“大气层”这个名词。

答案：C

7．解析：这里的come through相当于penetrate“穿透”。come across偶遇；come to来到；come from来自。句意：各类来自外部空间的宇宙射线穿透大气层……故选through。

答案：D

8．解析：valid有效的；various各种各样的；proper合适的。在四个选项中只有enormous表示“大量的”。

答案：B

9．解析：as soon as一……就……；as well as除……之外还；as much as和……一样多；as possible as尽可能。句意：人类一离开大气层就会接触到射线……故选A项。

答案：A

10．解析：be exposed to暴露于；show展示；face面对；cover覆盖，涉及，包含。根据句意应选B项。

答案：B

11．解析：本句前半句的意思：人们一离开大气层就会接触射线；后半句的意思：他们的太空服和太空船的外壁会阻止射线造成的损害。前后应该是转折关系，故用but。

答案：A

12．解析：“do＋动词原形”结构强调谓语动词。

答案：D

13．解析：由radiation和explorers可推测，应选space(太空)。句意：射线是探险者在太空遇见的已知的最大危险。

答案：C

14．解析：piece碎片；unit单位，单元；part部分；system体系，系统。句意：射线的多少可以以“雷目”这个测量单位来测量。

答案：B

15．解析：receive表示客观收到；accept表示主观接受。我们是受到辐射而非主观接受。

答案：A

16．解析：conventional传统的；common共同的，普通的；general一般的，总体的；normal正常的。句意：我们每年接受的正常辐射量大约为2毫雷目。故选normal。

答案：D

17．解析：puzzle使迷惑；float漂浮；combine结合；change变化。由句意“所处地点不同，所受辐射量也不一样”可确定答案为D项。

答案：D

18．解析：本句应填入引导宾语从句的连接代词，而从句不缺少主语和宾语，因而不选择what和which，加之主句是陈述语气，故选择that。

答案：C

19．解析：put up with忍受，符合语境；keep up with和catch up with意为“跟上”；come up with意为“提出”。

答案：A

20．解析：与前面的more相对应。

答案：B

Ⅴ.阅读理解

Astronomy is the oldest science known to man. Thousands of years ago man looked at the stars and wondered about the heavens. But man was limited by what he could see with his eyes alone.

The Greeks studied astronomy over 2,000 years ago. They could see the size, color, and brightness of stars. They could see their places in the sky. They watched the stars move as the seasons changed. But the Greeks had no tools to help them study the starry heavens.

Each new tool added to the files of astronomy; it helped man reach out into space. Until there were telescopes(望远镜), man knew little about the moon. They did not know that the planet called Saturn (土星) has rings around it. Their sight was so limited that they could not see all the planets. In the early 1700s, people thought there were only six planets.

Before the spectroscope (分光镜), man did not know what kind of gases are in the sun or other stars. Without the radio telescope (电波望远镜) we did not know that radio noises come from far out in space.

Today, astronomy is a growing science. We have learned more in the last fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy.

1．The passage mainly tells us ________.

A．the spectroscope helps man know what kind of gases are in the sun and other stars

B．there are eight planets in space

C．there was much noise in space

D．science can't grow fast without modern technology

2．Thousands of years ago, ________.

A．man watched the stars with their eyes

B．telescopes helped man to study the stars

C．man knew nothing about the sky

D．man knew Saturn has rings around it

3．When the Greeks watched the stars, they knew all of the following except ________.

A．the color of the stars

B．the size of the stars

C．the movement of the stars

D．what the stars were made of

4．Man now knows ________.

A．the moon has rings around it

B．there are six planets

C．Saturn's rings can be seen by human eyes

D．radio noises come from far out in space

答案与解析：

1．解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段为主题段，此段的最后一句话为主题句，其他段都是围绕这一主题展开，故答案选D。

答案：D

2．解析：细节理解题。由第一段第二、三句话可知，在几千年前人们主要通过肉眼来观察星球。

答案：A

3．解析：细节理解题。由第二段可知，只有D项的内容“星球是由什么组成的”没有提到。

答案：D

4．解析：推理判断题。由第四段最后一句可推知，现在人们已经知道无线电噪声来自遥远的外太空。

答案：D