人教版 (新课标)Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars课后作业题

这是一份人教版 (新课标)Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars课后作业题，共13页。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The present (体制) f educatin needs t be imprved.
2.There is a (猛烈的) wind utside and the snw is s heavy.
3. (不像) his classmates wh went travelling during the summer vacatin, he spent all his time reading in the library.
4.Fr sme students, it is hard t put the t they have learned in class int practice.
5.Vaccines are very imprtant t p the virus frm spreading.
6.Whether life e n ther planets is still unknwn t us.
Ⅱ.选词填空
grw int; ; depend n; cl dwn; ; lay eggs; give birth t; escape frm
1.Having been abrad fr 3 years, he was desire t g back hme.
2.Frm a rather plain child she has a beautiful wman.
3.Thugh a mther three sns, all three can be different.
4.The warm weather permits the hens t all year rund.
5.Luckily, Tm the accident withut injury last night.
6.We must take steps t this happening again.
7.Children their parents fr fd and clthing.
8.He is t excited;we must d smething t make him .
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.Every time he came hme frm schl, he (lay) dwn his bag and lay in the sfa t watch TV, which annyed his parents.
2.Gd teachers are expert at creating an atmsphere all the students feel respected and cared fr.
3.I'd always lve my cuntry, it is rich r pr.
4.The Chinese culture has given birth many imprtant inventins in its lng histry.
5.He lked (puzzle) when he heard the (puzzle) news.
6. (glbe) warming is having a great effect n hundreds f plant and animal species arund the wrld.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The earth was just a clud f dust after the “Big Bang”. Between 4.5 and 3.8 billin years ag, the dust settled int 1 slid glbe. The earth explded ludly with fire and rck. They were in time 2 (prduce) many gases, which were t make the earth's atmsphere. As the earth cled 3 , water began t appear n its surface. It allwed the earth t disslve 4 (harm) gases and acids int the ceans and seas. Then life began t develp.
Small plants multiplied and filled the ceans and seas with xygen. This encuraged the 5 (develp) f early shellfish and fish. Next, green plants began t grw n land. They were fllwed in time by land animals such 6 insects, reptiles and dinsaurs. Then sme small clever animals spread all ver the earth. They 7 (put) t much carbn dixide int the atmsphere, 8 prevents heat frm escaping frm the earth int space. Whether life 9 (cntinue) n the earth fr millins f years t cme will depend n whether this prblem can 10 (slve).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021四川成都外国语学校高一开学考试,)
NASA has a new jb listing, and it's n jke. NASA is lking fr a “jker” t jin the jurney t Mars.
A jurney t Mars is n laughing matter. On average, the Red Planet is 140 millin miles away. A trip there wuld take arund seven mnths in a small spaceship. As it is difficult t cmmunicate, astrnauts will have t wait 20 minutes fr a reply when an emergency happens.
“When yu're living with thers in a cnfined space fr a lng time, prblems will happen,” said Jeffrey Jhnsn, a scientist at the University f Flrida. This is prbably why NASA wants an astrnaut with a sense f humr. “These peple have the ability t pull everyne tgether.”
In stressful situatins, perhaps humr is a way t knw we aren't alne. By laughing tgether, we share stress, and then we can fcus n ur jbs instead f just wrrying.
There are ther examples f team “jkers”. One example is the jurney t the Suth Ple led by Nrwegian explrer Rald Amundsen. Adlf, a ck at Amundsen's team, was a “jker”. He made peple laugh thrugh the whle difficult and dangerus jurney. Amundsen later wrte that Adlf was the mst valuable member f the team.
But if yu're hping that yur favrite TV cmedian will fly t Mars, yu are wrng. That prbably wn't happen. “Being funny wn't be enugh t d the jb,” Jhnsn said. “The ‘jker’ als needs t be an excellent scientist r engineer.” Besides, he r she must be in tp physical cnditin.
1.Wh might get the jb ffered by NASA?
A.A gd ck.
B.A talented jker.
C.A humrus engineer.
D.A ppular cmedian.
2.What des the underlined part “a cnfined space” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.A small space. B.An pen space.
C.A secure space. D.An empty space.
3.Hw des the authr think humr can help astrnauts?
A.By reminding them f their family.
B.By bringing them clser during the jurney.
C.By helping them knw themselves better.
D.By helping them fix prfessinal prblems.
4.Why des the authr mentin the example f the ck?
A.T shw the imprtance f fd.
B.T prve the rle f humr in difficult situatins.
C.T argue a ck is mre imprtant than a scientist.
D.T explain a jurney t the Suth Ple matters a lt.
B
(2019陕西咸阳二模,)
China has becme the first cuntry t successfully land a spacecraft n the far side f the mn. The Chang'e-4 prbe(探测器) has als made the first mn landing since 1972. It has the task f explring the side f the mn that never faces the earth. The dark side f the mn is lder and has a thicker surface than the visible side. It takes the mn as lng t g arund n its wn axis (轴) as it des fr ne cmplete rbit arund the earth.
The Chinese prbe landed in a huge crater 2,500 km in diameter and 13 km in depth. The crater is ne f the ldest parts f the mn and ur slar system.
Scientists hpe t learn mre abut the gelgy f the far side f the mn. The craft has tw cameras n bard which will send images back t the earth. It will als try t send signals t distant regins f space, smething that cannt happen n earth because f t much radi nise.
Chang'e-4 als has instruments n bard t examine minerals as well as a cntainer with seeds which will try t create a miniature (微型的) bisphere (生物圈).
Cmmunicatin with the spacecraft is nt easy.
Images and ther data must be transmitted t a separate satellite because n direct cmmunicatin with the earth is pssible.
Fr China the Chang'e-4 missin is an imprtant achievement, because the cuntry has successfully dne smething n ther natin n earth has dne. It wants t becme a leading pwer in space explratin and has annunced plans t send astrnauts t the mn and set up its wn space statin.
5.Where did the Chang'e-4 prbe land?
A.On the side f the mn facing the earth.
B.On the invisible side f the mn.
C.In a yunger crater n the mn.
D.In a previus space statin.
6.What can we learn frm the text?
A.The dark side f the mn is as cld as the ther side.
B.The bright side is yunger and thinner than the ther side.
C.Other places in space may hardly receive signals frm the craft.
D.The tw cameras n the craft can send pictures t the earth easily.
7.Why is the craft equipped with a cntainer?
A.T see what seeds can cme ut n the mn.
B.T cllect sme imprtant matter n the mn.
C.T find whether the seeds can grw n the mn.
D.T check whether sme minerals exist n the mn.
8.Accrding t the text, what will China d in the future?
A.Land manned spacecraft n the mn.
B.Build anther space statin n the mn.
C.Launch mre space prbes t the mn.
D.Becme the first cuntry in explring space.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2021安徽合肥九中高一下期中,)
Fancy a hliday t the mn? Sunds crazy? Nt really. A Japanese cmpany has been wrking n hw t rganize hlidays t the mn fr several years. 1
Trying t make the hliday pssible will nt be an easy task, and the Japanese cmpany plans t make it in stages. 2 A transprt system, like the space shuttle (航天飞机) used by NASA at the mment, is likely t be develped fr this purpse.
The next stage is t build a big htel rbiting 500 km abve the earth. The htel will rbit the earth nce every fur r five hurs, which will ffer visitrs sme fascinating views f the earth. 3 While this may nt seem very exciting at first, think abut new sprts that can be designed fr peple t play in zer gravity.
The final stage in the plan is the cnstructin f a htel n the surface f the mn itself. As slar energy wuld be used t prvide pwer, it wuld be imprtant t build the htel near ne f the ples f the mn in rder t gather as much slar energy as pssible. 4 It is als imprtant t find a part f the mn which is flat, as a lng runway will need t be built fr the transprt system t land n. Meanwhile, the cmpany has already develped ways t make cement(水泥) n the mn. 5 The cmpany plans t prduce water frm tw elements:xygen, which can be fund in mn rcks, and hydrgen, which will have t be imprted frm earth.
S perhaps in a few years yu might be enjying yurselves n the mn.
A.Next, the htel will have a wide range f sprting activities.
B.Turists wh want t travel int space can stay at a big htel.
C.The first thing t d is t rganize trips arund the earth fr a few hurs.
D.There wuld prbably be hlidays t a mn htel within the next ten years.
E.There is plenty f sand, but the big prblem will cme with prducing water.
F.This part f the develpment plan des nt seem t be t difficult t carry ut.
G.This is because a lunar day, which is abut 14 earth days lng, is fllwed by abut 14 days f darkness.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案全解全析
Unit 4 Astrnmy:the science f the stars
Part 1 Warming Up, Pre-reading,
Reading & Cmprehending
基础过关练
Ⅰ 2.vilent 3.Unlike 4.thery 5.prevent 6.exists
Ⅱ with 2.grwn int 3.gives birth t 4.lay eggs
5.escaped frm 6.prevent;frm 7.depend n 8.cl dwn
Ⅲ 考查动词的时态。Every 是时间状语从句,he 是其对应的主句,设空处与空后的lay(lie的过去式,意为“躺”)是该主句的并列谓语,由此可知此处应该用一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作。
2.where 考查定语从句。分析句子可知设空处引导定语从句,先行词是atmsphere,且关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
3.whether 考查让步状语从句。句意:无论我的国家贫穷还是富有,我都会永远热爱它。由语境及空后的r可知此处使用了结构,表示“无论……还是……”。
4.t 考查介词。give birth t使产生。
5.puzzled;puzzling 考查形容词。第一个空修饰人,表示“迷惑不解的”,第二个空修饰物,表示“令人迷惑不解的”。puzzled迷惑不解的;puzzling令人迷惑不解的。
6.Glbal 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词warming,应用形容词。glbal warming全球变暖。
Ⅳ.1.a 考查冠词。由语境可知此处表泛指,表示变成了“一个”球状物,应用不定冠词,且slid以辅音音素开头,故填a。
2.t prduce 考查动词不定式。be t d常用来表示将要发生的事。
3.dwn 考查固定短语。cl dwn冷却下来;变凉。
4.harmful 考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰名词gases,故用形容词。
5.develpment 考查名词。设空处前有定冠词,并且作宾语,故用名词。
6.as 考查固定短语。such as例如。
7.are putting 考查动词的时态及主谓一致。此处用现在进行时表示现阶段正在发生的事情,即正在释放太多的二氧化碳到大气层中。此处对应的主语是They,表示复数意义,故填are putting。
8.which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,且在从句中作主语,故填which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
9.will cntinue 考查动词的时态。由fr millins f years t cme (在未来的几百万年里)可知此处应用一般将来时。will depend 也是一处提示。
10.be slved 考查动词的语态。prblem与slve之间是被动关系,因此此处应该用被动语态。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了火星探索任务中为什么需要幽默的人,以及需要什么样的幽默的人。
1.C 细节理解题。文中提到火星探索任务需要幽默的人,而文章最后一段又提到光有趣还不够,还需要是优秀的科学家或工程师(an excellent scientist r engineer),由此可知C项(一位幽默的工程师)符合该工作的要求。故选C。A选项是第五段中介绍的南极之旅(the jurney t the Suth Ple)中的人物;B、D选项是以偏概全,没有考虑到最后一段中对“jker”的要求。
2.A 词义猜测题。文章第二段介绍了火星任务的困难,根据第二段中的A trip there wuld take arund seven mnths in a small spaceship.可知去火星需要在一个狭小的飞船里待大约七个月。再根据画线内容所在句中的yu're living with thers in a cnfined space fr a lng time可知,此处指在狭小的空间待很长时间。由此推断出“a cnfined space”指“一个狭小的空间”,故选A。B:一个开阔的空间;C:一个稳固的空间;D:一个空的空间。
3.B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“These peple have the ability t pull everyne tgether.”可知有幽默感的人有能力把大家团结起来。由此可知B项(使他们在旅途中变得更亲近)符合题意。故选B。
4.B 推理判断题。作者通过列举厨师的例子说明了在困境中幽默的重要性,而本文的主旨是火星探索任务中为什么需要幽默的人,作者用类比的方式说明两种情况的相似性,即都是处于困境中,从而说明幽默在困境中的作用。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.n average平均 2.emergency n.紧急情况
3.valuable adj.很重要的;宝贵的
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。随着嫦娥四号成功降落在月球背面,中国成为第一个在月球远端成功着陆探测器的国家。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It has the task f explring the side f the mn that never faces the earth. The dark side f the mn is lder and has a thicker surface than the visible side.”可知,嫦娥四号探测器是在月球背面着陆的,故B项正确。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The dark side f the mn is lder and has a thicker surface than the visible side.”可知,月球的暗面比能看到的那一面(即亮面)更古老,表层要更厚些,也就是说亮面比暗面更年轻些,表层更薄一些。故B项正确。
7.C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“as well as a cntainer with seeds which will try t create a miniature bisphere”可知,嫦娥四号上有一个装有种子的容器,科学家试图用这些种子来创造一个微型生物圈。分析选项可知,C项符合题意。
8.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“It wants t becme a leading pwer in space explratin and has annunced plans t send astrnauts t the mn and set up its wn space statin.”可知,中国已宣布把宇航员送上月球并建立自己的空间站的计划。分析选项可知,A项正确。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。一家日本公司一直在研究如何组织去月球度假,文章介绍了该公司的相关计划。
1.D 根据前一句可知,几年来,一家日本公司一直在研究如何组织去月球度假,由此推断,未来去月球度假是可能的,故选D。
2.C 根据空前的the Japanese cmpany plans t make it in stages以及第三段中的The next stage is t...并结合选项,可推知此处是讲第一步做什么,C项符合语境,且C项中的The first thing与in stages和The next stage呼应,故选C。
3.A 根据后一句While this may zer gravity.可知,虽然一开始这看起来可能不是很令人兴奋,但想想那些设计出来可以让人们在零重力状态下做的新运动吧。由此可知此处是在说运动,A项中的sprting activities与空后的new sprts呼应,故选A。
4.G 根据前一句提到的要在月球极地建造旅馆以收集尽可能多的太阳能,可以推断出答案为G。
5.E 根据后一句The cmpany plans t prduce earth.及前一句中的make cement可推测此处与水、沙有关。E项提到生产水是一个问题,符合题意,且E项中的sand呼应上文。故选E。
【高频词汇】 1.fancy v.想要;想做 2.rbit v.沿轨道运行;围绕……运动 n.势力范围;轨道 3.cnstructin n.建造;结构;建筑物
长难句分析
原句 Trying t make the hliday pssible will nt be an easy task, and the Japanese cmpany plans t make it in stages.
分析 该句为并列复合句。and连接两个并列分句;and前的分句中,Trying 为动名词短语作主语;make it 为固定短语,意为“成功”。
句意 努力让这种度假成为可能不会是一件容易的事,这家日本公司计划分阶段实现。