高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修5&选修6Unit 1 Great Scientists当堂达标检测题
展开www.ks5u.com题型专项突破-Unit1 阅读理解（科技篇）
一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
1.
The year is 1947. Thirteen-year-old Carl Sagan is standing outside a small house in the eastern city of Brooklyn, New York. It is dark. He is looking up at the sky. After a few minutes, he finds the spot for which he has been searching. It is a light red color in the night sky. Carl is looking at the planet Mars.
Carl has just finished reading a book by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs called A Princess of Mars, in which the man who travels to Mars can make the trip by looking at the planet for several minutes. He then is transported there by a strange force.
Carl Sagan stands watching the red planet. After a while, young Carl realizes this will not happen. He turns to enter his home. But in his mind he says, “Some day it will be possible to travel to Mars.”
It should be no surprise to learn that Carl Sagan studied the stars and planets when he grew older. He did this at the University of Chicago. Later he taught astronomy(天文学) at Harvard University and Cornell University. In the 1950s, Mr. Sagan helped design mechanical devices for use on some of the first space flights.
He spent much of his life helping make space travel possible far out in the universe. He died in December, 1996. However, much of the work he did during his life helped make it possible for the American Pathfinder vehicle to land on Mars. It landed on July 4, 1997. It soon began sending back to Earth lots of information and thousands of pictures about the red planet.
Carl Sagan's family say he would have been extremely happy about the new information from Mars.
(1) What did little Carl Sagan intend to do while staring at a light red spot in the sky?
A. To become a scientist of Astronomy.
B. To be sent to Mars by a strange force.
C. To make sure of the position of Mars.
D. To decide how to arrive at Mars.
(2) It is implied in the last paragraph that .
A. Carl Sagan didn't have the chance to go to Mars
B. Carl's family felt sad at the news about the travel
C. Carl Sagan did much for American space science
D. Pathfinder was able to send back information from Mars soon
(3) The story was written to .
A. introduce Carl Sagan
B. explain space science
C. record the travel of Pathfinder to Mars
D. advertise a book A Princess of Mars
(4) It can be inferred that .
A. Pathfinder landed on Mars successfully
B. Carl Sagan began to watch Mars when 13
C. the book A Princess of Mars may tell about travel from the Earth to Mars
D. Carl Sagan was extremely happy to get information from Mars
答案：
(1)- (4) BAAC
2.
Unlike chemists and physicists, who usually do their experiments using machines, biologists and medical researchers have to use living things like rats. But there are three Nobel prize-winning scientists who actually chose to experiment on themselves—all in the name of science, reported The Telegraph.
Werner Forssmann (Nobel prize winner in 1956) Forssmann was a German scientist. He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery. Experiments had been done on horses before, so he wanted to try with human patients. But it was not permitted because the experiment was considered too dangerous. Not giving up, Forssmann decided to experiment on himself. He anesthetized(麻醉) his own arm and made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein(静脉). He then climbed two floors to the X-ray room before pushing the pipe all the way into his heart. |
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Barry Marshall (Nobel prize winner in 2005) Most doctors in the mid-20th century believed that gastritis was down to stress, spicy food or an unusually large amount of stomach acid. But in 1979 an Australian scientist named Robin Warren found that the disease might be related to a bacteria(细菌) called Helicobacter pylori. So he teamed up with his colleague, Barry Marshall, to continue the study. When their request to experiment on patients was denied, Marshall bravely drank some of the bacteria. Five days later, he lost his appetite and soon was vomiting each morning—he indeed had gastritis. |
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Ralph Steinman (Nobel prize winner in 2011) This Canadian scientist discovered a new type of immune system cell called the dendritic cell. He believed that it had the ability to fight against cancer. Steinman knew he couldn't yet use his method to treat patients. So in 2007, when doctors told him that he had cancer and that it was unlikely for him to live longer than a year, he saw an opportunity. With the help of his colleagues, he gave himself three different vaccines based on his research and a total of eight experimental therapies(疗法). Even though Steinman eventually died from his cancer, he lived four and a half years, much longer than doctors had said he would. |
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(1) The passage is mainly about .
A. some dangerous experiments that Nobel prize winners did on themselves
B. difficulties that scientists went through in order to make important discoveries
C. the reasons why some scientists chose to experiment on themselves
D. three Nobel prize winners who did experiments on themselves
(2) Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?
A. Forssmann's experiment ended in failure.
B. Forssmann managed to do his experiment on different kinds of animals.
C. Barry Marshall succeeded by drinking some Helicobacter pylori.
D. Barry Marshall's experiment on himself confirmed that most doctors' belief about gastritis was correct.
(3) From the text, we can conclude that Ralph Steinman .
A. discovered a new type of cancer cell called the dendritic cell
B. tried different therapies containing the dendritic cell on himself
C. knew that he himself would have cancer and die from it
D. believed that he was better than doctors at treating cancer
答案：
(1)- (3) DCB
3.
Critics of cloning often repeat the question related to the controversial(有争议的) science “Just because we can, does it mean we should?” The closer we come to being able to clone a human, the hotter the debate over it grows. For all the good things cloning may achieve, opponents say that it will do just as much harm. Another question is how to govern cloning process.
There is federal official law banning cloning in the United States, but several states have passed their own laws to ban the practice. The US Food and Drugs Administration (FDA), has also said that anyone in the United States attempting human cloning must first get its permission. In Japan, human cloning is a crime that is punished by up to 10 years in prison.
While laws are to ban cloning at this time, some scientists believe that the technology is not ready to be tested on humans. Ian Wilmut, one of the co-creators of Dolly, has even said that human cloning projects would be an irresponsible crime. Cloning technology is still in its early stages, and nearly 98% percent of cloning efforts end in failure. The embryos are either not suitable for implanting into the uterus(子宫) or they die shortly after birth.
The clones that do survive end up suffering from deadly or problematic genetic abnormalities(畸形). Some clones have been born with faulty heart, lung problems and blood vessel problems. One of the most famous cases was a cloned sheep that was born with malformed arteries (畸形动脉) leading to the lungs.
Opponents of cloning will point out that we can enthanize(安乐死) these faulty clones of other animals, but they ask what if a human clone is born with these same problems. Advocates of cloning respond that it is now easier to pick out faulty embryos even before they are implanted into the mother. The debate over human cloning is just beginning, but as science advances, it could be the biggest moral dilemma of the 21st century.
(1) Which word in the text is the opposite of the underlined word “opponents”?
A. Critics. B. Advocates. C. Scientists. D. Co-creators.
(2) The writer writes this passage mainly to .
A. support passing laws to ban human cloning
B. list problems with human cloning
C. introduce critics' ideas about human cloning
D. state the debate over human cloning
(3) Which of the following will Ian Wilmut probably NOT agree with?
A. Cloning technology is in its early stages.
B. Human cloning should be made illegal.
C. Very few cloning efforts are successful.
D. Cloning technology is ready to be tested on humans.
答案：
(1)- (3) BDD
二、短文7选5
1.
Many people think that they have to accept whatever life throws at them. They'll say, "This is my fate. I cannot change it. "(1) You don't have to suffer needlessly. Your fate depends on you, not on any other outside factors.
We want to be happy and live our life to the fullest, but we have to do our share of making the effort to live the life of our dreams.
(2) You just don't sit around and wait for a million dollars to fall from the sky. You have to get off the couch, get your eyes off the TV screen, get your hands off the phone (unless it contributes to your success), and get your mind and body to work! Don't expect your luck to change, unless you do something about it. If your life is not meant the way you want it to be, don't just say, "Our time will come." or "(3) " Don't expect your luck to change, unless you do something about it. If something goes wrong, don't just regard it as a temporary setback; but use it as feedback. Learn your lesson, make the most of the situation, and do something to solve the problem. It's not enough to think positive; you also have to act positive.
If someone's life is in trouble, do you just hope and pray that things will turn out fine? Of course not! (4)
So it is with your own life. It is not enough to hope for the best, but you have to DO your best. In other words, don't just stand (or sit) there. (5)
A. I think so.
B. Of course not.
C. You'd better let it be.
D. Things will get better someday.
E. Do something to improve your life.
F. Remember that you harvest what you sow.
G. You've got to do anything you can to save the person.
答案：
(1)- (5) BFDGE
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