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2021小升初英语总复习 第三部分 句型巩固 第一节 陈述句
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这是一份2021小升初英语总复习 第三部分 句型巩固 第一节 陈述句，共29页。PPT课件主要包含了do dont，are，can，cant，does，isnt，dont，doesnt，didnt，anything等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第三部分 句 型 巩 固
第一节 陈述句
在英语中，根据句子用途的不同，可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。此外，there be句型作为一种特殊而重要的句型，在小学阶段也应注意掌握。
一、陈述句的概念陈述句是用来陈述事实或者说话人的看法的句子。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。在书写时，句末用句点；在朗读时，用降调。如：This is a nice bk. 这是一本好书。（ ）Susan likes maths very much. 苏珊非常喜欢数学。（ ）My father desn't g t wrk n the weekend. 我爸爸周末不去上班。（ ）They aren't ging t climb the muntain this Saturday. 这个星期六他们将不去爬山。（ ）
二、肯定句变否定句的基本方法1. 句中含有be动词的句子：变为否定句时只需在be动词后加nt。如：I am in Grade Six this year.→I'm nt (I am nt) in Grade Six this year. 今年我上六年级。→今年我不上六年级。Mike is ging t play ftball this afternn.→Mike isn't (is nt) ging t play ftball this afternn. 今天下午迈克将去踢足球。→今天下午迈克将不去踢足球。
These are red apples.→These aren't (are nt) red apples. 这些是红苹果。→这些不是红苹果。It was a fine day yesterday.→It wasn't (was nt) a fine day yesterday. 昨天是晴朗的一天。→昨天不是晴朗的一天。We were happy at that time.→We weren't (were nt) happy at that time. 我们在那时真开心。→我们在那时不开心。
2. 句中含有情态动词的句子：变为否定句时只需在情态动词后加 nt。如：Peter can fly.→Peter can't (can nt) fly. 彼得能飞。→彼得不能飞。Yu shuld stp smking nw.→Yu shuldn't (shuld nt) stp smking nw. 现在你应该停止吸烟。→你现在不应该停止吸烟。
3. 句中含有实义动词的句子：谓语动词为实义动词的句子变为否定句时，要根据人称和时态选用助动词d的相应形式(d, des, did)，并在其后加 nt。如：I like listening t music.→I dn't like listening t music. 我喜欢听音乐。→我不喜欢听音乐。My father likes playing sprts.→My father desn't like playing sprts. 我爸爸喜欢做运动。→我爸爸不喜欢做运动。
Grandma des husewrk every day.→Grandma desn't d husewrk every day. 奶奶每天做家务。→奶奶每天不做家务。He did his hmewrk last night.→He didn't d his hmewrk last night. 昨晚他做了作业。→昨晚他没做作业。【注】(1)陈述句在加d nt， des nt或did nt改为否定句以后，要把原句的动词改为动词原形，特别是当原句中的谓语动词是第三人称单数形式des或过去式did时，改为否定句时一定要记得在desn't或didn't后加上d。
(2)肯定句中含有sme或sme-的合成词时，变为否定句时需将其改为any或any-的合成词。如：I have sme pens.→I dn't have any pens. 我有一些钢笔。→我没有任何钢笔。There is smething wrng with the TV.→There isn't anything wrng with the TV. 电视出了一些问题。→电视没有出任何问题。
4. 几种特殊形式的否定句 (1) 肯定句中含有every-或sme-的合成词时，变为否定句时将其改为n-的合成词。如：Everything is ready.→Nthing is ready. 所有东西都准备好了。→什么东西都没有准备好。There is smething n the table.→There is nthing n the table. 桌子上有一些东西。→桌子上没有东西。
(2) 肯定句中含有always，usually或ever时，变为否定句时将其改为never。如：He is always late fr schl.→He is never late fr schl. 他总是上学迟到。→他上学从来都不迟到。I usually g t the park n ft.→I never g t the park n ft. 我通常走路去公园。→我从不走路去公园。
(3) 肯定句中含有many或much时，变为否定句时将其改为few或little。如：Many students knw him.→Few students knw him. 许多学生知道他。→几乎没有学生知道他。There is much milk in the bttle.→There is little milk in the bttle. 瓶子中还有许多牛奶。→瓶子中几乎没有牛奶了。
(4) 肯定句中含有bth，bth … and … 或all时，变为否定句时将其改为neither，neither … nr … 或nne，并注意谓语动词要相应变化。如：Bth f us are students.→Neither f us is a student. 我们两个都是学生。→我们两个都不是学生。
Bth yu and I are right.→Neither yu nr I am right. 你和我都是对的。→你和我都不对。All the students are in the classrm.→Nne f the students is in the classrm. 所有学生都在教室里。→没有一个学生在教室里。
(5)“I think …”句式变为否定句时，只要在think之前加 dn't 即可。如：I think yu are right.→I dn't think yu are right. 我认为你是对的。→我不认为你是对的。
【例1】Listen and chse. 你将听到一个句子，选择你所听到的选项，并将其字母编号填在括号内。( )A. here B. hear C. near
听力材料：Srry, I can't hear yu clearly. 解析:此题考查通过句义区分同音词。这要求学生能听懂句子的意思和了解单词的用法，同时根据句子意思分析选择是关键。答案：B
【例2】Read, chse and fill. 选择合适的单词填空。I lve Animal Wrld, but I __________ like ging t the zs.
解析:此题考查根据前后提示选择正确的单词。这要求学生能够读懂句子、分析句子，从而选出正确的答案。其中，根据but作为提示，表示前后句子意思相反。答案：dn't
Read and fill. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. There __________ sme bags in the rm. The black ne __________ mine. (be)2. A hrse __________ run, but it __________ fly. (can) 3. David always __________ his hmewrk at 7：00 p.m. (d)4. Lk, the ducks _____________________ in the water. They are s cute. (swim)
are swimming
一、Read and chse. 单项填空。( )1. My father _____ like apples. A. isn't B. desn't C. dn't( )2. I _____ many birthday presents. A. am B. has C. have( )3. My father _____ ftball well. A. is play B. play C. plays
( )4. I _____ at hme last Sunday. A. am B. did C. was( )5. The girl _____ like sprts. She _____ play badmintn. A. /; isn't B. desn't; can't C. dn't; can
二、Read and fill. 将下列句子改为否定句，每空一词。1. This is a desk. This __________ a desk. 2. My sister can draw pictures. My sister __________ draw pictures. 3. We d mrning exercises every day. We __________ d mrning exercises every day.
4. Mike des his hmewrk after dinner. Mike __________ d his hmewrk after dinner. 5. My grandparents did sprts in the garden yesterday. My grandparents __________ d sprts in the garden yesterday. 6. There is smething wrng with my bike. There __________ __________ wrng with my bike. There __________ __________ wrng with my bike.
7. Bth Jan and I are in Class One. _________ Jan ___________ I am in Class One. 8. All f us can swim. __________ f us can swim. 9. Yu can play basketball here. Yu __________ play basketball here. 10. I think it is ging t rain tmrrw. I __________ think it is ging t rain tmrrw.
三、Read and write. 按要求完成下列句子。1. This is a banana. (改为复数句)_____________________________________2. There are sme apples n the desk. (改为否定句)_____________________________________
These are bananas.
There aren't any apples n the desk.
第三部分 句 型 巩 固
第一节 陈述句
在英语中，根据句子用途的不同，可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。此外，there be句型作为一种特殊而重要的句型，在小学阶段也应注意掌握。
一、陈述句的概念陈述句是用来陈述事实或者说话人的看法的句子。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。在书写时，句末用句点；在朗读时，用降调。如：This is a nice bk. 这是一本好书。（ ）Susan likes maths very much. 苏珊非常喜欢数学。（ ）My father desn't g t wrk n the weekend. 我爸爸周末不去上班。（ ）They aren't ging t climb the muntain this Saturday. 这个星期六他们将不去爬山。（ ）
二、肯定句变否定句的基本方法1. 句中含有be动词的句子：变为否定句时只需在be动词后加nt。如：I am in Grade Six this year.→I'm nt (I am nt) in Grade Six this year. 今年我上六年级。→今年我不上六年级。Mike is ging t play ftball this afternn.→Mike isn't (is nt) ging t play ftball this afternn. 今天下午迈克将去踢足球。→今天下午迈克将不去踢足球。
These are red apples.→These aren't (are nt) red apples. 这些是红苹果。→这些不是红苹果。It was a fine day yesterday.→It wasn't (was nt) a fine day yesterday. 昨天是晴朗的一天。→昨天不是晴朗的一天。We were happy at that time.→We weren't (were nt) happy at that time. 我们在那时真开心。→我们在那时不开心。
2. 句中含有情态动词的句子：变为否定句时只需在情态动词后加 nt。如：Peter can fly.→Peter can't (can nt) fly. 彼得能飞。→彼得不能飞。Yu shuld stp smking nw.→Yu shuldn't (shuld nt) stp smking nw. 现在你应该停止吸烟。→你现在不应该停止吸烟。
3. 句中含有实义动词的句子：谓语动词为实义动词的句子变为否定句时，要根据人称和时态选用助动词d的相应形式(d, des, did)，并在其后加 nt。如：I like listening t music.→I dn't like listening t music. 我喜欢听音乐。→我不喜欢听音乐。My father likes playing sprts.→My father desn't like playing sprts. 我爸爸喜欢做运动。→我爸爸不喜欢做运动。
Grandma des husewrk every day.→Grandma desn't d husewrk every day. 奶奶每天做家务。→奶奶每天不做家务。He did his hmewrk last night.→He didn't d his hmewrk last night. 昨晚他做了作业。→昨晚他没做作业。【注】(1)陈述句在加d nt， des nt或did nt改为否定句以后，要把原句的动词改为动词原形，特别是当原句中的谓语动词是第三人称单数形式des或过去式did时，改为否定句时一定要记得在desn't或didn't后加上d。
(2)肯定句中含有sme或sme-的合成词时，变为否定句时需将其改为any或any-的合成词。如：I have sme pens.→I dn't have any pens. 我有一些钢笔。→我没有任何钢笔。There is smething wrng with the TV.→There isn't anything wrng with the TV. 电视出了一些问题。→电视没有出任何问题。
4. 几种特殊形式的否定句 (1) 肯定句中含有every-或sme-的合成词时，变为否定句时将其改为n-的合成词。如：Everything is ready.→Nthing is ready. 所有东西都准备好了。→什么东西都没有准备好。There is smething n the table.→There is nthing n the table. 桌子上有一些东西。→桌子上没有东西。
(2) 肯定句中含有always，usually或ever时，变为否定句时将其改为never。如：He is always late fr schl.→He is never late fr schl. 他总是上学迟到。→他上学从来都不迟到。I usually g t the park n ft.→I never g t the park n ft. 我通常走路去公园。→我从不走路去公园。
(3) 肯定句中含有many或much时，变为否定句时将其改为few或little。如：Many students knw him.→Few students knw him. 许多学生知道他。→几乎没有学生知道他。There is much milk in the bttle.→There is little milk in the bttle. 瓶子中还有许多牛奶。→瓶子中几乎没有牛奶了。
(4) 肯定句中含有bth，bth … and … 或all时，变为否定句时将其改为neither，neither … nr … 或nne，并注意谓语动词要相应变化。如：Bth f us are students.→Neither f us is a student. 我们两个都是学生。→我们两个都不是学生。
Bth yu and I are right.→Neither yu nr I am right. 你和我都是对的。→你和我都不对。All the students are in the classrm.→Nne f the students is in the classrm. 所有学生都在教室里。→没有一个学生在教室里。
(5)“I think …”句式变为否定句时，只要在think之前加 dn't 即可。如：I think yu are right.→I dn't think yu are right. 我认为你是对的。→我不认为你是对的。
【例1】Listen and chse. 你将听到一个句子，选择你所听到的选项，并将其字母编号填在括号内。( )A. here B. hear C. near
听力材料：Srry, I can't hear yu clearly. 解析:此题考查通过句义区分同音词。这要求学生能听懂句子的意思和了解单词的用法，同时根据句子意思分析选择是关键。答案：B
【例2】Read, chse and fill. 选择合适的单词填空。I lve Animal Wrld, but I __________ like ging t the zs.
解析:此题考查根据前后提示选择正确的单词。这要求学生能够读懂句子、分析句子，从而选出正确的答案。其中，根据but作为提示，表示前后句子意思相反。答案：dn't
Read and fill. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. There __________ sme bags in the rm. The black ne __________ mine. (be)2. A hrse __________ run, but it __________ fly. (can) 3. David always __________ his hmewrk at 7：00 p.m. (d)4. Lk, the ducks _____________________ in the water. They are s cute. (swim)
are swimming
一、Read and chse. 单项填空。( )1. My father _____ like apples. A. isn't B. desn't C. dn't( )2. I _____ many birthday presents. A. am B. has C. have( )3. My father _____ ftball well. A. is play B. play C. plays
( )4. I _____ at hme last Sunday. A. am B. did C. was( )5. The girl _____ like sprts. She _____ play badmintn. A. /; isn't B. desn't; can't C. dn't; can
二、Read and fill. 将下列句子改为否定句，每空一词。1. This is a desk. This __________ a desk. 2. My sister can draw pictures. My sister __________ draw pictures. 3. We d mrning exercises every day. We __________ d mrning exercises every day.
4. Mike des his hmewrk after dinner. Mike __________ d his hmewrk after dinner. 5. My grandparents did sprts in the garden yesterday. My grandparents __________ d sprts in the garden yesterday. 6. There is smething wrng with my bike. There __________ __________ wrng with my bike. There __________ __________ wrng with my bike.
7. Bth Jan and I are in Class One. _________ Jan ___________ I am in Class One. 8. All f us can swim. __________ f us can swim. 9. Yu can play basketball here. Yu __________ play basketball here. 10. I think it is ging t rain tmrrw. I __________ think it is ging t rain tmrrw.
三、Read and write. 按要求完成下列句子。1. This is a banana. (改为复数句)_____________________________________2. There are sme apples n the desk. (改为否定句)_____________________________________
These are bananas.
There aren't any apples n the desk.
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