人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world学案设计

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world学案设计，共91页。




A Fantastic Old Lady from the Countryside
Can Speak 11 Languages
With 11 foreign languages under her belt, the rural tour guide Xu Xiuzhen has become a celebrity① in the town of Yangshuo, a backpackers' mecca in south China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
Xu lives at the foot of Moon Mountain, a mustsee tourist attraction② in Yangshuo, where she has guided countless tourists. Her sincerity③ has won her the name “Mama Moon”．
Yangshuo, known for④ its other worldly karst landscape and the Li River, has been drawing millions of foreign tourists since China opened its door to international travellers in the early 1980s.
Over the past 16 years, Xu has taught herself 11 foreign languages, including English, Spanish, Japanese and Korean etc. In addition to⑤ making her incredibly popular, her linguistic skills have made it easier for her to communicate with foreign tourists.
Illiterate, she was unable to read grammar books, so she had to memorize⑥ each word by its sound. But Xu seized every opportunity to talk to foreign tourists and tried to utter out her English.
Constant communication and a sense of perseverance⑦ proved effectively, and she was gradually able to express herself in English. The determined⑧ woman has learned other foreign languages in succession since then.
What “Mama Moon” does is a good interpretation of the Yangshuo farmers' shared Chinese Dream — to make life better by learning new skills.
　[多积词汇]
①celebrity
n．名人
②a tourist attraction
旅游景点
③sincerity
n．真诚
④be known for
以……而著名
⑤in addition to
除……之外
⑥memorize
v．记住
⑦perseverance
n．毅力；韧性
⑧determined
adj.有决心的
会说十一门外语的奇异农村老太
会说11门外语的农村导游徐秀珍成为阳朔镇上的名人。阳朔位于中国南部的广西壮族自治区，是背包客们心中的旅游胜地。
徐秀珍住在月亮山脚下，这是阳朔的一个必去的旅游景点，徐秀珍在那儿为无数游客当过导游。她的亲切为她赢得了“月亮妈妈”的美誉。
阳朔超凡脱俗的喀斯特地貌景观和漓江使其声名远扬，自从中国在20世纪80年代早期向国际游客开放后，它已经吸引了数以百万计的外国游客。
在过去的16年中，徐秀珍自学了11门外语，包括英语、西班牙语、日语和韩语等。这个会说多种语言的技能不但让她十分出名，更让她与外国游客交流起来更加便利。
因为之前目不识丁，她并不能通过阅读语法书来学习(英语)，所以她不得不通过读音来记忆每一个单词。但是徐秀珍抓住每个能与外国游客说话的机会，尽力去说一些她学到的英语。
频繁的交流和毅力终于得到了回报，渐渐地她开始能用英语表达自己，这个坚定的农妇自此之后又接连学会了其他多种语言。
“月亮妈妈”的行为很好地诠释了阳朔农民的中国梦——通过学习新的技能让生活变得更好。

Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking


The real happiness doesn't lie in money or success or fame. Real happiness
lies in gratitude. So be grateful. Be alive. And live every moment.
—Muniba Mazari, Motivational Speaker
真正的快乐不在金钱、成功或名声里，真正的快乐在感恩里，所以要
感恩、有活力、认真活在每一刻。 ——慕尼巴·马扎里 (励志演说家)


1．How many billion people speak the UN's official languages as their native or second language?
有多少亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二语言？
★native adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人
(1)one's native country/land/language
　　　　　　　　 某人的祖国/故乡/母语
be native to 原产于……
(2)be a native of ... ……的人；生长于……的动物或植物
①As a matter of fact, French is not my native language.
事实上，法语不是我的母语。
②The researcher says the tiger is native to India.
研究人员说这种虎原产于印度。
③Is her uncle a native of Shanghai, or just a visitor?
她叔叔是上海本地人，还是只是一名游客？
　完成句子
①During their visit to that country, they_communicated_with_natives there happily.
在他们游览那个国家期间，他们与当地人愉快地交流。
②You can tell from his blue eyes that he_isn't_native_to/a_native_of China.
你可以从他的蓝眼睛分辨出他不是中国本地的人。
2．Pronouns (it，their，she, etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.
代词(it, their, she等)指的是前面提到的某物或某人。
★refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅

refer ... to　　把……提交给……；把……委托给……
refer to ... as 把……当(称)作
①You know who I am referring to.
你知道我指的是谁。
②The person referred to at the conference just now is an expert in this field.
刚才在会上提到的那个人是这个领域的专家。
③The manager is going to refer the matter to the meeting.
经理打算把这件事提交到会议上。
④The American society is often referred to as a big melting pot.
美国社会常被称作大熔炉。
　写出下列句中refer相关短语的汉语意思
①He never referred to his sisters in his letters.提到
②They referred their plan to their director.把……提交给……
③I didn't know the word. I had to refer to a dictionary.查阅
④He is referred to as a great artist.把……当(称)作
⑤I didn't know whom she was referring to when she said that.指的是
3．There is no egg in eggplant nor ham in hamburger; neither apple nor pine in pineapple.
茄子里没有鸡蛋，汉堡包里也没有火腿；菠萝里既没有苹果也没有松树。
★neither ... nor ... 既不……也不……
(1)neither ... nor ...连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。
①Neither I nor Jack has seen the film before.
我和杰克以前都没有看过这部电影。
(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：
either ... or ...　或者……或者……；不是……就是……
not only ... but also ...　　不仅……而且……
not ... but ... 不是……而是……
②Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons.
不仅约翰和汤姆，而且他们的姐姐玛丽也对钢琴课非常感兴趣。
③Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你要么是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
　完成句子
①You can either_ride_a_bike_or_take_a_bus to go there.
你可以骑车或坐公交车去那里。
②I have neither_time_nor_money for travelling.
我没有时间也没有钱去旅游。
③Not only the driver but_also_the_passengers_were_injured in the accident.
不但有司机还有乘客们都在事故中受伤了。
④Not the players but_the_coach_is responsible for the defeat.
不是运动员们而是教练要对这次比赛的失利负责。



一、教材经典录音再发掘
听教材录音完成下面题目
(一)判断下面题目的正误(听第一遍)
1．English has the most native language speakers. （）
2．Learning English is very useful so there is no need to learn other foreign languages. （）
3．Many students think studying English means better job chances in the future.（）
4．One American girl chose to learn Danish because her grandparents were from Japan.（）
(二)补全下面句子(听第二遍)
1．To some students, it seems that the only foreign language to learn is English.
2．The UN has six official languages.
3．Some students choose to study a language because of family or friends.
4．Another young lady started learning French because she had several friends from African countries.

二、听力系列技法微指导
判定身份与关系的两大法宝
——特色词和说话者语气
1．此类题型要求考生根据对话内容，判断其中一方或双方的职业或身份，或判断对话双方的相互关系。考查多是以who或what开头的特殊疑问句。
2．常见社会关系有：teacher－student; doctor－patient；boss－secretary; driver－passenger/policeman；waiter－customer; husband－wife; shop assistant－customer; reader－librarian; parents－children; friends, classmates, roommates, strangers等。
3．不同身份或职业的人在特定场合肯定会说与他/她身份或职业相关的话语。我们要善于快速捕捉透露说话人身份的关键词，集中注意力在脑海中搜索相关背景知识。也可根据对话提供的称呼语并结合生活常识进行场景判断。如：听到“Dear teacher”就可判断二者为师生关系；听到“My dear, darling”就可判断为夫妻、父母与子女等关系；听到“Can I help you？”或“What can I do for you？”可判断为服务员与顾客的关系。
4．在听录音时也要注意对话双方说话的语气、对话发生的场所、所谈论的话题等。若双方语气热情、随和，则一般为朋友、同学等关系；若双方口气温柔亲昵，则为夫妻、恋人等关系；若一方直言，另一方小心谨慎，则很可能为上下级关系。若对话发生在餐馆里，则多半为侍者与顾客；在银行里，则多为职员与储户；在学校里，则多为老师与学生等。
[典例]　What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Classmates.　　　　　
B．Teacher and student.
C．Doctor and patient.
[听力原文]
W: Hi， Andy.I didn't see you in Professor Smith's class yesterday.What happened?
M: Well, I had a headache, so I called him and asked for sick leave.
[分析]　首先，通过听录音，捕捉到关键词“in Professor Smith's class”，由此可判断对话发生在学校里。再通过下面的关键词“asked for sick leave”可进一步明确对话双方是同学关系。故答案是A项。
三、话题场景词汇听中记(听写词汇)
(一)单词
1．dialect　　　　　　　 方言
2．accent 口音；腔调；重音
3．identity 身份；本身；本体
4．usage 使用；用法；词语惯用法
5．request 请求；要求
6．official 官方的；正式的；公务的
7．command 命令；指令；掌握
8．vocabulary 词汇；词汇量；词汇表
9．native 本国的；本地的
10．base 以……为根据
11．spelling 拼写；拼法
12．fluent 流利的；流畅的
13．frequent 频繁的；常见的
14．expression 词语；表示；表达；表情
15．speech 演讲；讲话
16．spoken 口语的
17．standard 标准(的)
18．saying 谚语；言论
19．pronunciation 发音；读法
20．grammar 语法
（二）短语
1．make use of 利用；使用
2．play a part (in) (在……中)扮演一个角色；参与
3．base ... on ... 把……建立在……基础之上
4．keep ... in mind 记住……
5．more than 超过；不止；非常
6．work hard at 努力学习……
7．consult a dictionary 查字典
8．take notes 记笔记
9．write down 写下；记下
10．learn ... by heart 背诵；记住


一、听力强化训练
Ⅰ.听下面的单词，然后从A至H中选出与①至⑧中意思相同的单词。
①petrol　　　　　　　　 A．eraser
②flat B．gas
③colour C．apartment
④lift D．elevator
⑤rubber E．honour
⑥honour F．colour
⑦pictures G．photos
⑧underground H．subway
①～⑤　__________ 　　⑥～⑧　__________
答案：①～⑤　BCFDA　⑥～⑧　EGH
Ⅱ.听力训练
(一)听第1段材料，回答第1至4题。
1．Where did the man spend his vacation?
A．In Hangzhou.　 B．In Beijing.　　C．In Guizhou.
2．Why did the woman go to Shanghai?
A．To visit a friend.
B．To find a job.
C．To go sightseeing.
3．Where does the woman prefer to live?
A．In Beijing. B．In Shanghai. C．In Guizhou.
4．What does the woman think of men from Shanghai?
A．They are generous.
B．They are friendly.
C．They are helpful.
(二)听第2段材料，回答第5至7题。
5．What does the woman think of her present job?
A．It's interesting.
B．It's well­paid.
C．It's boring.
6．Which languages is the woman good at?
A．French and German.
B．English and French.
C．English and Chinese.
7．Which benefit does the job offer?
A．Health care. B．Free travel. C．Paid leave.
(三)听第3段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Where does this conversation probably take place?
A．At the woman's house.
B．At a hospital.
C．At a restaurant.
9．What kind of diet should the man follow?
A．A moderate diet with careful eating habits.
B．A very restrictive diet eating only salad.
C．A strict diet eating only once a day.
10．What will most likely happen to the man on the diet?
A．He will lose some weight during his diet.
B．He will lose weight quickly.
C．He will not lose weight.
答案：1～5　CBACC　6～10　AACAC
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W: Hi, George! Welcome back from summer vacation. Did you have a good time in Guizhou?
M: Yes, I did. It was everything I expected, and more. How about you? Did you go anywhere?
W: Yes, as a matter of fact I did. I spent a week in Shanghai trying to get a job there.
M: Shanghai is such a wonderful city! You'll really enjoy living there.
W: I'm not so sure. Shanghai has a lot going for it, but I like Beijing too.
M: What do you like best about Shanghai?
W: Shanghai is the business center of China, so there are lots of jobs, and there's always something new. It's more modern than Beijing and generally a convenient place to live.
M: Why would you want to stay in Beijing?
W: For one thing, Beijing has a sense of history. You know, there's no Great Wall in Shanghai!
M: That's for sure. There's no Forbidden City or Summer Palace, either.
W: For another thing, I think people are very friendly in Beijing.
M: Yes, I can't agree more. People from Beijing are really friendly!
W: But I've heard that men from Shanghai will help their wives with housework. That's the very quality I admire!
(Text 2)
W: I'm tired of my job. Everything is just the same.
M: Hey, you know what? I think this is a perfect job for you in the paper today.
W: What?
M: Ah, here it is. European Space Agency needs translators.
W: European Space Agency? I don't know whether I'm the one.
M: That's what they say here. They need French and German translators.
W: I'm good at both. What else are they asking for?
M: A degree and at least three years of working experience.
W: What about the pay?
M: Well, it says it depends on education and experience. And there are other benefits. Have a look at it yourself.
W: Mm, health care and paid training. Oh, this isn't bad. Maybe I should write them straight away.
M: You certainly should.
(Text 3)
W: Are you being served, Sir? Now, what would you like to have?
M: I think I'll just have a salad and a cup of coffee.
W: Is that all?
M: Yes, I'm on a diet. My doctor told me I should lose some weight.
W: What do you think of that then?
M: It's all right with me. In fact, I've never felt better. Furthermore, some of my old clothes would fit me if I lost about fifteen pounds.
W: How long will that take?
M: Well, I've just started my diet. It may take me six months to get down to my proper weight.
W: Do you plan to eat nothing but salad for six months?
M: No, I'll eat fruit and certain meat and dairy products, but I should not eat anything between meals and I should not eat anything containing sugar.
W: Then you probably won't want to try the delicious pastries we serve here; the head cook is an excellent pastry chef.
M: Um ... Now that you mention it, I may try six or seven on the menu. I usually have more.
二、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Australians are justly proud of their native (当地的) wildlife.
2．They've spent nearly a billion (十亿) dollars on the research already.
3．People should have a responsible attitude (态度) towards marriage and relationships.
4．The teacher referred (提到) to in my last letter has gone abroad.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．There is a great difference in attitudes to/toward what one eats between the rich and the poor.
2．The new law didn't refer to land used for farming.
3．He used to_sleep (sleep) late in the morning. Now he has got used to getting (get) up early.
4．After living among the natives (native) for twenty years, the painter forgot his own language.
5．Neither the students nor the teacher is (be) content with the result.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．With the teacher's encouragement, he gradually developed a_positive_attitude_towards/to_life.
在老师的鼓励下，他逐渐对生活有了积极的态度。
2．It_seems_that you have misunderstood what I said at the meeting.
看来你误解了我在会上所说的话了。
3．I used_to_run/come_into_him from time to time.
我过去时常碰上他。
4．I had forgotten the date of that battle so I_referred_to_a_history_book.
我忘记了那次战役的日期，所以我查阅了历史书。
5．The_reason_why_I_was_late was that I was caught in a heavy rain.
我迟到的原因是我遇到了大雨。
三、交际交流训练(补全对话)
A
W: And how did you find Cambridge when you first arrived?
M: ①________
W: What about your accommodation? Was that OK?
M: ②________ They were very kind to me but they had three young children and I found it difficult to study.
W: Right, I see.
M: So after three months I moved out and now I live with two other students in a student house. It's much cheaper and we like it there.
W: ③________
M: I'm doing Computing.
W: Computing, I see. Um, apart from the language difficulties, what do you think of the course?
M: Well, the main difficulty for me is getting time on the computers in the computer room. ④________
W: Can you reserve time in the computer room?
M: ⑤________
W: Yes, I'll look into that and see if something can be done to improve things over there.
A．Good, and what about your studies? What are you studying?
B．No, but it would certainly help if we could reserve computer time.
C．Yes, OK. At first I stayed with a family for three months.
D．Well, I like it here. I think the city is very beautiful.
E．It's always busy and this makes it very hard to do my practical work.
答案：①～⑤　DCAEB
B
M: Hello, Student Job Center. Can I help you?
W: Yes, I am looking for a part­time job. Do you have anything available ①at_the_moment (目前，此刻)?
M: Ah, yes. Your name and address?
W: I'm Linda.I live in the building for international students, and my room number is 7B559.
M: OK, do you have any skills? Typing, languages, that sort of thing?
W: Yes, I ②speak_Chinese (说汉语) and I can also speak some Japanese.
M: Right, let's see what is available. There is a position for an office assistant at the language center.
W: That sounds interesting.
M: It's for five days a week and the duty is ③to_deal/do_with (处理) inquiries and ④answer_the_phone (接电话).
W: I am sure I can handle it without problem.
M: Great. I will inform the director ⑤_of_ the language center and you can start next week.
四、语篇阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Do you love bacon (熏猪肉)? Who doesn't, right? From time to time, you may have heard the phrase “bring home the bacon”. Did you ever wonder what that means?
Actually, “bring home the bacon” is a common phrase used to mean “to earn money”. If you're “bringing home the bacon”， you're making money to bring home to your family. So how is the meat connected with making money?
One popular story holds that the phrase appeared in the 1100s in a small town of Great Dunmow in England. The church (教堂) in Great Dunmow would give a rasher of bacon as a reward to any man who could honestly say that he had not argued (争吵) with his wife for a year. Others believe the phrase got started in the 1500s at country fairs. One of the most popular competitions included catching a pig. The prize for it was that you got to keep it.
Since the 1600s, the word “bacon” has been used to mean one's body. Because people often connect the body with one's ability to work and earn money, it's believed that bacon finally took on that meaning, too. One way of earning money with one's body back then was the sport of boxing.
On September 3, 1906, boxer Joe Gans fought against Oliver Nelson for the world lightweight championship in Goldfield, Nevada. According to the Reno Evening Gazette, Joe received a telegram (电报) from his mother before the fight. It read: “Joe, the eyes of the world are on you. Everybody says you ought to win. Peter Jackson will tell me the news and you bring home the bacon.” Joe Gans did win the fight and the prize money that went along with the victory. He sent a telegram back to his mother, saying that he was “bringing home the bacon”. Mrs Gans was probably repeating a phrase she had heard before, but hers was the first usage that experts can find. Before long, the phrase was being used commonly in boxing, and it also quickly moved to other sports.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了英语俚语“bring home the bacon”的含义和起源。
1．Why does the author raise questions in Paragraph 1?
A．To show his writing purpose.
B．To lead to the topic of the text.
C．To know the meaning of the phrase.
D．To see how many people love bacon.
解析：选B　推理判断题。通读文章可知，本文介绍了英语俚语“bring home the bacon”的含义和起源，文章首段的问题是为了引出本文的主题——俚语“bring home the bacon”。
2．What does the phrase “bring home the bacon” mean?
A．Support one's family financially.
B．Bring family members together.
C．Earn money by selling bacon.
D．Improve a family's living conditions.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一、二句可知，“bring home the bacon”的含义是“赚取生活费”。
3．Who could get the bacon in the 1100s in Great Dunmow?
A．The one who never tells lies.
B．The one who lives in peace with his wife.
C．The one who wins a competition at the fair.
D．The one who is strong enough to catch a pig.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段的前两句可知，在12世纪的Great Dunmow，和妻子关系和睦的男人会被奖励。
4．Why did Joe Gans' mother send him a telegram?
A．To ask Joe to buy some bacon.
B．To tell Joe how to win the fight.
C．To show what she expected from Joe.
D．To introduce a new phrase to people.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，对于拳击手而言，“bring home the bacon”的意思是“挣生活费”，Joe的妈妈说“you bring home the bacon”，而赢得比赛就能得到奖金，由此可知，Joe的妈妈在电报中表达了她的期待。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When it comes to the question how to encourage students to achieve success, teachers may offer different answers based on their own teaching experience. Here are some suggestions.
•Post your expectations around the room.
If a student does not understand what teachers expect from him, he will have a much greater chance of failure. From the first day of class, your expectations should be clear. Many teachers post their class rules for all to see. __1__ You can select posters with encouraging words that explain your expectations.
•__2__
Make sure that you do not show any biases (偏见) towards students' learning. If you believe that the students in your class can't learn a subject well, they probably won't. __3__ Be careful about the words you use and make sure that you don't make students feel that you doubt their abilities. You must believe strongly and sincerely that your students can and will learn what you are teaching them.
•Allow students the space to learn on their own.
__4__ While you can provide guidance, as the year goes on, you should pull back and give them more responsibility for their own learning. You should avoid jumping right in and helping students by simply providing them with the answers to their questions. __5__
A．Pay special attention to slower students.
B．Have a right attitude to students' abilities.
C．It is also a great idea to put up your expectations.
D．A healthy teacher­parent relationship is necessary.
E．The way a teacher treats students is very important.
F．Students need to learn to become self­directed learners.
G．Instead, lead students to find the answers by themselves.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章是给老师们就如何引导学生走向成功提出的三条建议。
1．选C　很多老师会把班级规定贴在教室的墙上，把老师对学生的期望贴在墙上也是一个不错的主意。选项C中的expectations与本段的小标题一致。
2．选B　根据本段的“...do not show any biases (偏见) towards students' learning”和“... make sure that you don't make students feel that you doubt their abilities”可知，本段提到不要对学生的学习有偏见，不要表现出对学生的不信任。由此可以推知，本段的主旨是老师要对学生的能力持正确的态度。
3．选E　上一句提到“如果你不相信你班的学生可以学好一门课，那么他们很可能真的学不好”。由此可知，老师对待学生的态度很重要。
4．选F　本段的主旨是老师应该给学生留出自主学习的空间。选项F中的become self­directed learners符合本段主旨。
5．选G　上一句指出了老师们的错误做法：老师不应该介入学生的学习，直接告诉他们问题的答案。空格处应该说明老师们正确的做法：老师应该引导学生，让学生自己去寻找答案。
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking


　 　　As fruit needs not only sunshine but cold nights and chilling showers to ripen it,
so character needs not only joy but trial and difficulty to mellow it.
—Hugh Black, American writer
水果不仅需要阳光，也需要寒夜。寒冷的雨水能使其成熟。人的
性格陶冶不仅需要欢乐，也需要考验和困难。 ——休·布莱克(美国作家)


Ⅰ.单词认读关(先填后背)
1．despite prep.　　　 即使；尽管
2．factor n. 因素；要素
3．bone n. 骨头；骨(质)
4．shell n. 壳；壳状物
5．symbol n. 符号；象征
6．carve vt.&vi. 雕刻
7．dynasty n. 王朝；朝代
8．dialect n. 地方话；方言
9．means n. 方式；方法；途径
10．classic adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的
　　 n. 经典作品；名著
11．regard n. 尊重；关注
　 vt. 把……视为；看待
12．character n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
13．calligraphy n. 书法；书法艺术
14．affair n. 公共事务；事件；关系
15．specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的
16．base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据→based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的
17．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→vary v．有变化；改变
18．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究→majority n．大多数；大半→minority n．少数；少数民族
19．global adj.全球的；全世界的→globe n．地球仪；球，球状物；地球
20．appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值→appreciation n．感激；感谢
Ⅱ.词块识记关(先填后背)
1．be_known_for　　　　　　　　　 因……而众所周知
2．at_the_beginning 起初
3．date_back_(to_...) 追溯到
4．in_one_direction 朝一个方向
5．of_great_importance 很重要
6．in_modern_times 在现代
7．play_a_role_in 在……中起作用
8．an_increasing_number_of 越来越多的
9．all_the_way 一直；一路上
10．ups_and_downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
11．no_matter_where,_who,_what,_etc. 不论……；不管……
12．written_Chinese 书面汉语
13．an_important_means 一种重要的方式
14．the_classic_works 经典作品
15．global_affairs 全球事务
16．specific_information 特定信息
17．a_form_of_art 一种艺术形式
Ⅲ.句式理解关
1.
教材原句
By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600 － 1046 BCE), these symbols had become a welldeveloped writing system.
到了商朝(大约公元前1600－1046年)，这些符号已经成为一个完善的书写体系。
句式解构
“by＋时间”组成的介词短语表示“到……时为止”。在句中作时间状语时，句子的谓语动词常用完成时态。
佳句背诵
By the end of last week, we had received over 1,000 text messages.
到上周末我们已收到1 000多条短信。
2.
教材原句
That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
这一书写体系对于凝聚中国人和中国文化具有重要意义。
句式解构
“of＋抽象名词”结构相当于形容词。
佳句背诵
Taking plenty of exercise can be of great benefit.多锻炼是很有好处的。
3.
教材原句
Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
即使在今天，无论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
句式解构
no matter where, who, what, etc.引导让步状语从句。
佳句背诵
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
不管发生什么，他都不在意。
Ⅳ.长句分析关
1．China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.
[句式分析]　

[尝试翻译]　中国以其古老的文明而闻名，尽管历史上有许多起伏，但一直延续到现代。
2．Over the years, the system developed into different forms as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
[句式分析]


[尝试翻译]　多年来，由于人们在地理上的分裂，这个书写体系发展成了不同的形式，方言和文字的多样性也随之产生。
3. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.

[尝试翻译]　汉字作为一种艺术形式，已经成为中国文化——中国书法的重要组成部分，从它的发展历程中可以看出对汉字书写体系的高度重视。


一、语篇理解——三遍细读文

Pre­reading

Look at the pictures and answer the following questions.

1．Which languages do you think they are?
Picture 1 Chinese 　Picture 2 Japanese
Picture 3 English
2．Which is the most difficult language to learn?
Different_people_have_different_opinions._Most_people_think_that_Chinese_is_the_most_difficult_language_to_learn.

While­reading

Ⅰ.Reading for the main idea
1．What's the main idea of the text?
A．The writing system of Shang Dynasty.
B．The history of the Chinese language.
C．The differences between old Chinese and modern Chinese.
D．The wide use of Chinese all over the world.
答案：B
2．Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
(1)Paragraph 1　A．At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture­based language.
(2)Paragraph 2　B．The Chinese writing system has a great effect on the ancient civilisation of China.
(3)Paragraph 3　C．The Chinese writing system developed into different forms.
(4)Paragraph 4　D．Chinese calligraphy has become an important part of Chinese culture.
(5)Paragraph 5　E．The Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
(6)Paragraph 6　F．The Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture in modern times.
答案：(1)～(6)　BACEDF
Ⅱ.Reading for the details
1．阅读文章第一段，回答下面的问题：
What is China widely known for?
A．The many ups and downs in its history.
B．The Chinese writing system.
C．Its modern civilisation.
D．Its ancient civilisation.
答案：D
2．阅读文章第二至四段，判断正(T)误(F)：
(1)At the beginning, written Chinese was a hanzi­based language.(F)
(2)By the Qin Dynasty, these symbols carved by ancient Chinese people had become a well­developed writing system.(F)
(3)No matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.(T)
(4)By the Shang Dynasty, the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.(F)
3．阅读文章第五、六段，回答下面的问题：
(1)How do international students begin to appreciate China's culture and history?
Through_the_amazing_Chinese_language.
(2)What has become an important part of Chinese culture in the development of Chinese characters?
Chinese_calligraphy.
Ⅲ.Reading for the structure


The
Chinese
writing
system：
connecting
the past
and the
present
The introduction
of Chinese
civilisation
Despite the many 1.ups_and_downs in its history，China is widely known for its ancient civilisation. One of the main 2.factors has been the Chinese writing system.
The period of
longgu
Written Chinese was a 3.picture­based language.
The Shang
Dynasty
Over the yeras, the system developed into different forms as it was a time 4.when people were divided geographically, 5.leading_to many varieties of dialects and characters.
The Qin
Dynasty
The Chinese writing system began to develop 6.in_one_direction and it was 7.of_great_importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
Today
The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen 8.in_the_development of Chinese characters as 9.an_art_form,_known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of 10.Chinese_culture.


Post­reading

1．Why does the author write this text?
The_author_writes_this_text_to_show_us_the_development_process_of_the_Chinese_writing_system_and_its_importance_in_modern_times.
2．Which language is widely used besides Chinese in the world? Why?
English._I_think_there_are_two_main_reasons_why_English_is_widely_used_in_the_world._First,_it_is_related_to_the_English_colonialism_and_language_expansion_in_the_history._Second,_Britain_and_America_play_an_important_role_in_the_development_of_global_affairs,_which_makes_English_a_universal_language_in_the_world.
3．What should we do in the face of the condition of many languages in the world?
First,_we_should_learn_Chinese_well._We_can_promote_the_traditional_Chinese_culture_only_by_learning_Chinese_well._Second,_we_should_also_learn_some_other_languages,_thus_we_can_learn_some_of_the_best_things_about_other_cultures_through_their_languages.
二、新知突破——重难细点拨

1．At the beginning, written Chinese was a picturebased language.
起初，书面汉语是一种基于图形的语言。
★base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据；基础
base ... on/upon　　　　　把……置于……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据
①The base of his argument is that men love each other.
他的论点的基础是人类的互爱。
②You should base your conclusion on/upon careful research.
你应该把你的结论置于审慎研究的基础之上。
③The story is based on real life.
那个故事是根据现实生活而写的。
　完成句子
①Edison based_his_ideas_on/upon scientific experiment.
爱迪生的想法是建立在科学实验的基础上的。
②The doctor­patient relationship is_based_on_trust.
医患关系是以信任为基础的。
2．It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu ...
它可以追溯到几千年前的龙骨的使用……
★date back (to ...) 追溯到
date from　　　　　　　　追溯到
out of date 过时，陈旧
to date 到目前为止
up to date 最新的；最近的
①Chinese currency can date back to thousands of years ago.
中国货币可以追溯到几千年前。
②Your ID card is out of date; change it for a new one, please.
你的身份证过期了，请换新的。
③He hasn't replied to us to date.
到现在为止他还没有答复我们。
④Efforts were continually made to bring the book up to date.
一再努力，使这本书不断更新。
[点津]　(1)date from与date back to 都用主动语态，不用被动语态和进行时态，但可用动词­ing形式作定语、补语、状语等。
(2)谈论现存的物品或建筑物时，虽然这一事物建造于过去某一时期，但date from 和date back to却用一般现在时。
　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
①It is said that the history of the town dates (date) back to 1,400 years ago.
②In this remote village stands an ancient temple dating (date) from hundreds of years ago.
Ⅱ.完成句子
③All the photographs in this book date_back_to/from the 1950s.
本书中所有照片均始于20世纪50年代。
④The material is so up_to_date that it hasn't been widely used to_date.
这一材料是最新的，到现在为止还没有得到广泛应用。
3．Over the years, the system developed into different forms as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
多年来，由于人们在地理上的分裂，这个书写体系发展成了不同的形式，方言和文字的多样性也随之产生。
★variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
(1)a variety of/varieties of　　 多种多样的
(2)vary vi. 变化，不同，变更，改变
vary with 随……而变化
vary from ... to ... 从……到……转变
(3)various adj. 不同的，各种各样的
①The young boy has a variety of/varieties of/various hobbies, such as listening to classical music and painting.
那个小男孩有各种各样的爱好，诸如听古典音乐和绘画。
②The weather varied from very cold to quite mild.
天气变化很大，可能很冷也可能相当暖和。
③There are various ways to cook eggs.
烹饪鸡蛋有许多不同的方法。
[点津]　表示“多种多样的”短语还有kinds of; sorts of等。
　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
①Beijing is filled with people from various (vary) parts of China.
②There's a variety (vary) of dishes on the menu.
③The colour of the leaves varies with the seasons.
Ⅱ.完成句子
④We have varieties_of/a_variety_of/various/kinds_of/sorts_of_flowers in our garden.
我们的花园里有各种各样的花。
⑤Teaching methods vary_greatly_from_school_to_school.
各个学校的教学方法大不相同。
4．Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
秦始皇把七大国统一为一个统一的国家，中国的文字体系开始向一个方向发展。
★major adj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究
(1)major in　　　　　　　　　 主修
(2)majority n. 大部分，多数
in the/a majority 占多数
the majority of 大多数……
①Liverpool is a major British port.
利物浦是英国的一个重要港口。
②She majored in History in Shandong University.
她在山东大学主修历史。
③The majority of people attending the lecture are students and girls are in the majority.
出席讲座的大多数人是学生，而且女生占多数。
[点津]　majority的反义词为minority，表示“少数或少数民族(人)”。
　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
①Our teacher majored in English in Beijing University many years ago.
②The majority (major) were graduates from this school.
Ⅱ.完成句子
③The_majority_of_students (大多数学生) in the class come from China.
④A terrible accident happened on_the_major_road (在主干道上)．
5．That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
这一书写体系对于凝聚中国人和中国文化具有重要意义。
★of great importance属于“of＋抽象名词”结构，相当于very important。“of＋抽象名词”结构的具体用法是：
(1)名词是use/importance/help/value/interest/quality/benefit/necessity等时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词，这类名词前可用no, some, any, little, much, great等词修饰。
①What you are saying is of no interest (＝not interesting) to me.
你说的话让我提不起兴趣。
②His opinion is considered to be of great value (＝very valuable)．
大家一致认为他的观点很有价值。
(2)名词是age/shape/colour/size/kind/type/price/height/depth/width/length/weight等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，这类名词前可用the same, different, good等修饰。
③These flags are of different colours.
这些旗帜颜色不同。
　
Ⅰ.句型转换
①Smoking is of no benefit to you.
→Smoking is not beneficial to you.
②This line is as long as that one.
→The two lines are of the same length.
Ⅱ.完成句子
③I feel happy that the work I'm doing is of_much_value.
我很高兴，我做的这项工作非常有价值。
④Your skirt is of_the_same_size_with mine but of_different_colours.
你的裙子和我的裙子大小相同但颜色不同。
⑤The Americans are of_all_colours_and_races so they have diverse cultures.
美国人是由各种肤色和不同种族的人组成的，所以他们有多元文化。
6．Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
即使在今天，无论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
★no matter where, who, what, etc.不论……；不管……
①No matter where I am, I will always remember I am a Chinese.
不管我身在何方，我都会记住自己是个中国人。
“no matter ＋ 疑问词”结构与“疑问词 ＋­ever”在用法上的异同：“no matter ＋ 疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，这时可以和“疑问词＋­ever”互换；“疑问词＋­ever”可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。
②You have to go on no matter what (＝ whatever) difficulties you meet.(状语从句)
无论你遇到什么困难，都必须继续做下去。
③Whoever (＝ No matter who) you are, you must obey the law.(状语从句)
不论你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。
④Whenever (＝ No matter when) I'm unhappy, it is my friend Jane who cheers me up.(状语从句)
不论我什么时候不高兴，都是我的朋友简让我开心起来的。
⑤Whatever he said was right.(名词性从句)
无论他说什么都是对的。
　句型转换
①No matter what problem you have, turn to me.
→Whatever problem you have,_turn to me.
②However long it takes, we'll have to find the lost boy.
→No matter how long it takes, we'll have to find the lost boy.
③Anyone who wants the book may have it.
→Whoever wants the book may have it.
④You should not give children anything that they want.
→You should not give children whatever they want.
7．The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form which has become an important part of Chinese culture: Chinese calligraphy.
汉字作为一种艺术形式，已经成为中国文化——中国书法的重要组成部分，从它的发展历程中可以看出对汉字书写体系的高度重视。
★regard n．尊重；关注vt.把……视为；看待
(1)regard ... as ...　　　　　　 把……看作……
关于……，至于……
(2)regarding prep. 关于，至于
①We have a great regard for the advanced workers.
我们非常尊敬先进工作者。
②With/In regard to a cure for the disease, very few advances have been made so far.
关于这种疾病的治疗，目前进展甚微。
③Regarding the punishment, what would you advise?
关于处罚，你有何意见？
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints.
②He knew nothing regarding (regard) the case.
③The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.
★character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
in character　　　　　　　　 符合个性；在性格方面
out of character 不符合个性
①Scar is a cruel and dangerous character in Lion King.
在《狮子王》中刀疤是一个残忍危险的角色。
②It is in character that she is greedy.
贪婪符合她的个性。
③It is out of character for him to do that.
他那样做不符合他的个性。
[即时训练2]　
Ⅰ.写出下列句中character的汉语意思
①As to his character, he is usually easy­going, but sometimes very serious.性格
②It is very difficult for foreigners to write Chinese characters.文字
③I find all the characters in the film very interesting.角色
Ⅱ.介、副词填空
④They are quite different in character.
⑤It is out of character for John to cheat, for he is always honest.
8．As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
随着中国在全球事务中发挥着更大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
★appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值
appreciate doing sth.　　　 喜欢/愿意做某事
appreciate it if/when ... 假如……/当……时不胜感激
①I'm not an expert, but I appreciate fine works of art.
我不是专家，但我对好的艺术作品有鉴赏力。
②I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
如果你今天下午回电话我将非常感激。
③I'd appreciate it if you'd wait here for my return.
如果你要在这儿等我回来，我会很感激的。
[点津]　(1)appreciate表示“感谢”时，宾语为物(help, kindness等)；thank的宾语则为人。
(2)appreciate, like, hate, depend on等后接that, when, if从句时，需要在从句前加it。
④Many people hate it when he boasts himself.
很多人讨厌他吹嘘自己。
　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
①I would appreciate it if you could keep it a secret.
②We shall appreciate hearing (hear) from you again.
Ⅱ.完成句子
③You can depend_on_it that we will win the game.
你放心好了，我们肯定能赢得比赛。
④We really appreciated_it when she offered to help.
她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
三、迁移领悟——活学提素养

1．文章第一段第一句中用“widely”表达出了中国古代文明对人类的广泛影响。wide用作副词主要表示“张大”“睁大”到最大程度，侧重指物体从一边到另一边的距离(联系其形容词用法); widely则主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等。请选出下面题目的答案：
①The door was wide open.②Gas is now widely used for cooking and heating.(wide/widely)
2．文章第四段最后一句“Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.”用no matter＋疑问词引导的让步状语从句突出了书写体在人们交流中的重要作用。根据汉语提示，完成下面的句子：
③无论你做什么，一定要做好。No_matter_what_you_do,_you must do it well.
3．文章最后一句中用“amazing”一词形象地表达出了汉语的博大精深，令人惊叹。对于amaze一词，其­ing形式表示“令人惊讶的”，其­ed形式表示“感到惊讶的(强调自己的感觉)”。请选出下面题目的答案：
④It was one of the most amazing films I've ever seen. (amazing/amazed)

1．第一段第一句中的“despite”在此处是介词，表示“尽管……”，在句中引导让步状语。此处用让步状语而非让步状语从句，可以简化句式，避免臃肿。相同意义的表达还有①in_spite_of,_regardless_of 等。
2．第一段最后一句“There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.”承上启下，点明了下文要介绍的内容。阅读下面的片段，选择恰当的过渡句。
Choosing the right college for you is not so easy. You should have a general idea of what you want and don't want. The idea can guide you to find what fits your needs best. ②________
Think about what major you want to study in college. If you know that, just look at colleges that have your major. College is about learning what you love. So think carefully about your major and interests before choosing one.
A．Go to the college with some people you like.
B．Remember, above all, it's the people that make the place.
C．These guidelines will help figure out what college you want to go to.
答案：C
3．本文是“总—分—总”模式，首段点题，说明汉字书写体系的重大意义，然后以时间为线索分段讲述它的发展演变，尾段回扣主题。注意这种结构的文章在提炼主旨大意时要从首尾段着手。

人类非物质文化遗产之一——书法
中国书法是以汉字为基础的文化艺术，是记录汉语的书写符号，在历史发展进程中经历了字形、结体、笔画的演变，逐渐具有了特殊的审美意义，并且造就了中国书法造型多变、种类繁多、颇具特色、美不胜收的艺术发展史。联合国教科文组织将中国的汉字书法列为人类非物质文化遗产之一，是对中国汉字书法文化及其作为书法源头的最具说服力的肯定性评价。


In China calligraphy occupies a distinguished position in the field of traditional arts.
It is not only a means of communication, but also a means of expressing a person's inner world in an aesthetic sense.
To practise calligraphy requires the basic tools of “four treasures of study” (writing brush, ink stick, paper, and ink slab) as well as much concentration on guiding the soft writing brush charged with fluid ink, and writing on the paper where the ink will diffuse quickly. Once the brush movement hesitates, a black mark is created, so speed, strength and agility is the essence of fine artworks. When writing, many calligraphers will forget all worries and even themselves, combining all thoughts in the beauty of their art. Thus it can be compared with Qigong, which also can mould and improve a person's temper and promote well­being.
Questions：
1．What is the essence of the excellent calligraphy according to the passage?
Speed,_strength_and_agility.
2．What's the benefit of calligraphy?
It_can_mould_and_improve_a_person's_temper_and_promote_well-being.
3．Do you like calligraphy? Why?
The_answer_is_open.

一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．After three years of study, she has a good command of the dialect (方言) here.
2．What is the specific (确切的) aim of your working so hard?
3．There were calls for major (主要的) changes to the system.
4．As time goes by, I have changed my attitude (态度) and I even think she is lovely.
5._Despite (尽管) her good salary, she measured out every dollar needed for household expenses.
6．Practising Chinese kungfu can not only build up one's strength, but also develop one's character (性格)．
7．The main factor (因素) in deciding whether or not to do so is the size of your project.
8．Mandela has become a symbol_ (象征) of the blacks fighting against the whites in South Africa.
9．There are two mainly different political parties to play an important part in the state affairs (事务) in this country.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This is an old building dating (date) back to the 14th century.
2．This is why I want to major in Chinese culture.
3．Doing morning exercises regularly is of benefit to your health.
4．They joined us in the discussion on how to stop_global (globe) warming.
5．I have a high regard for him as a coach; he is very strict in his job.
6．You'll be able to choose a room based on your own personal tastes.
7．Beijing is filled with people from varieties_ (variety) of parts of China.
8．I'd appreciate_it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
9．Questioning can lead to searching for an answer.
Ⅲ.选词填空
of great importance， by means of， date back to， ups and downs， a number of， play an important role in， lead to， all the way
1．Our life has its ups_and_downs_ and we need someone to ride with us.
2．We visited a temple which dates_back_to 2,000 years ago.
3．Lack of nutrition may lead_to various diseases.
4．I have just found that the class meeting is of_great_importance to me.
5．She could not speak, but made her wishes known by_means_of signs.
6．As everyone knows, she plays_an_important_role_in our organization.
7．In the past ten years a_number_of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing but ruins.
8．He decided that he would drive all_the_way_ home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．It aims to promote the cultural exchange among students from different countries by_means_of_language_study.
它旨在通过语言学习来促进来自不同国家的学生之间的文化交流。
2．As we know, success lies in hard work while laziness leads_to_failure.
众所周知，成功在于努力，然而懒惰导致失败。
3．Besides, watching Chinese movies and TV series will also be_of_great_help.
除此之外，看中文电影和电视剧也将很有帮助。
4．No_matter_how_ordinary_a_job_is,_it plays a part in our society.
一份工作无论多么普通，它都在我们的社会中起着一份作用。
5．By the time this letter reaches you, I will_have_left_the_country.
你收到这封信时，我已离开这个国家了。
Ⅴ.课文缩写填空
The Chinese Writing System:
Connecting the Past and the Present
China is 1.widely (wide) known for its ancient civilisation. There are many reasons 2.why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese 3.writing (write) system. 4.At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture­based language. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 5.had_become (become) a well­developed writing system. By the Qin Dynasty, the Chinese writing system began to develop 6.in one direction. The writing system was of great 7.importance (important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture. China's present is 8.connected (connect) with its past by written Chinese. Today, the Chinese writing system is still 9.an important part of Chinese culture. And more and more people are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this 10.amazing (amaze) language.
二、语篇阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
English has surely become the global language. Whenever we turn on the news to find out what's happening in East Asia, or Africa, or anywhere, people are being interviewed and telling us about it in English.
If people look at the facts about the amazing reach of the English language, many would be surprised.English is used in over 90 countries as an official or semi­official language.English is the working language of many international institutes (研究所) as well as of most international research scientists.It is also the language that Indian parents and black parents wish their children to learn.It is believed that over one billion people worldwide are now learning English.
One of the most important causes of the spread of English around the world is that Europeans are willing to accept it as their language.English is spreading from northern Europe to the south and is now the second language in countries such as Sweden, Norway, Netherlands and Denmark.If one visits any of them, it would seem that almost everyone there can talk in English.
Recently, a report said that at the beginning of 2001，English was the most widely known foreign language with 43% of Europeans saying they spoke it.The report also said that with over 89% of the population speaking English，Sweden now has the highest percentage of English speakers.What's more, English is the language rated as most useful to know, and over 77% of Europeans who do not speak English as their first language consider it useful.
语篇解读：本文主要说明了英语是目前世界上的通用语言。
1．By writing this passage, the writer mainly wants to tell us ________.
A．why so many people speak English around the world
B．that English has become a language spoken all over the world
C．about the development of English in Europe
D．something about the English­speaking countries
解析：选B　主旨大意题。根据本文的第一句“English has surely become the global language.”以及后文的具体描述可知，作者主要想告诉我们，英语是目前世界的通用语言。
2．According to the passage, what has played an important role in spreading English around the world?
A．That governments have asked their people to learn it in school.
B．That English is the most beautiful language in the world.
C．That Europeans are willing to accept English as their language.
D．That people have to use English in their work.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段的“One of the most important causes of the spread of English around the world is that Europeans are willing to accept it as their language.”可知C正确。
3．What does the underlined word “rated” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Stood.　　　　 B．Agreed.
C．Considered. D．Argued.
解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据语境以及第四段的“consider it useful”可知，rate在这里意为“认为，看作”。
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Black parents don't want their children to learn English.
B．English is used in over 90 countries as an official language.
C．Not all international research scientists speak English at work.
D．English has become the most important language in Sweden.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“English is the working language ...as well as of most international research scientists.”可知，并不是所有的国际研究科学人员工作时都使用英语。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Note­taking is a skill that can help you do well in all your schoolwork — everything from taking tests to researching a paper. There are many ideas that can help you take better notes.
•__1__ You'll be disorganized if you try to write down every word that's said in class. And if you pay too much attention to getting your notes right, you might miss listening to what the teacher is saying. So you just need to write down the most important points from class.
•Learn to ask. __2__ If the teacher's going too fast, your classmates will also be happy to hear the information again. If you don't want to ask in class, see your teacher afterwards.
•Compare. Going over your notes with a friend and comparing what the two of you put down can help master what you're learning. It can also help you remember information when it's time for a test. __3__
•Copy. If you've scribbled (潦草书写) down notes in a hurry, you might not be able to read them when it comes time to prepare for a test. __4__ Copying them also helps you learn and remember what you wrote.
•Organize. Keep notes for each subject in one place. __5__ This could mean keeping a notebook or part of a notebook for each subject as you take notes in class.
A．Write down key points.
B．Listen carefully to the teachers.
C．This can help you do better on a test.
D．In this way, you can find everything easily.
E．Don't be afraid to ask the teacher to repeat something you miss.
F．Reviewing your notes will also help you and your friend find out mistakes.
G．Look over your notes when you get home, and write them again if you need to.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章简要介绍了做笔记的技巧。
1．选A　通读本段的内容尤其是最后一句中的“write down the most important points from class”可知，本段的主旨是课堂上做笔记时只记要点。
2．选E　结合本段的主旨句并根据下一句中的“hear the information again”可以推知，空格处建议我们当错过老师的话时不要害怕请老师重复。选项E中的repeat与下一句中的“hear the information again”相对应。
3．选F　本段建议我们将自己的笔记与同学的笔记进行比较。空格处说明了这样做的另一个好处：复习笔记能帮你和朋友发现错误。
4．选G　本段的主旨是重新抄写你的笔记。选项G中的write them again与本段的关键词copy一致。
5．选D　前一句建议我们将不同学科的笔记写在不同的地方。空格处解释这样做的好处：这样你就能轻松地找到需要的内容。
三、基础写作训练
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．Chinese is_playing_a_more_and_more_important_part_in our life.
汉语在我们的生活中所起的作用越来越重要。
2．Because_of_this,_many foreign people are learning Chinese hard.
因为这一点，很多外国人正在努力学汉语。
3．They must have come_across_many_problems in learning Chinese.
他们肯定会在汉语学习中遇到很多问题。
4．There are several tips on_how_to_learn_Chinese_well.
有几条学好汉语的建议。
5．Do remember that any method is_based_on hard work.
一定记住任何方法都建立在努力的基础上。
6．They should make_full_use_of_their_spare_time to read interesting Chinese news, which can help increase_their_interest_in_ Chinese.
他们应该充分利用业余时间阅读有趣的汉语新闻，这有助于提高他们对汉语的兴趣。
7．They will find they have_fallen_in_love_with Chinese and made great progress in it.
他们会发现他们已爱上汉语并取得了很大进步。
Ⅱ.连句成篇(将Ⅰ题中的句子加入适当的衔接词连句成篇)
Nowadays,_Chinese_is_playing_a_more_and_more_important_part_in_our_life._Because_of_this,_many_foreign_people_are_learning_Chinese_hard._However,_they_must_have_come_across_many_problems_in_learning_Chinese._There_are_several_tips_on_how_to_learn_Chinese_well._Firstly,_do_remember_that_any_method_is_based_on_hard_work._Secondly,_they_should_make_full_use_of_their_spare_time_to_read_interesting_Chinese_news,_which_can_help_increase_their_interest_in_Chinese._Gradually,_they_will_find_they_have_fallen_in_love_with_Chinese_and_made_great_progress_in_it.
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures——定语从句(2)


　 Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you
didn't do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from
the safe harbour. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover.
20年后，让你觉得更失望的不是你做过的事情，而是你没有做
过的事情。所以，解开帆索，从安全的港湾里扬帆出行吧。乘着信风，
去探索，去梦想，去发现！


[主干图解]

[探究发现]
1．The day on which I met the pop star was a great day of my life.
2．She is going to live in Marco, where she has some close friends.
3．This is the hall in which the medical conference will be held.
4．The couple have two children, neither of whom lives with them.
5．I still remember the day when I first met Jennier.
6．That was the reason why he was so upset.
[我的发现]
(1)句2中，关系副词 where 在定语从句中作地点状语；句5中，关系副词 when 在定语从句中作时间状语；句6中，关系副词 why 在定语从句中作原因状语。
(2)句1、3、4中，“介词＋which/whom ”引导的定语从句中的介词多与从句的谓语动词搭配以及具体语境有关。同时which用于指代物，而 whom用于指代人。
[新知突破]
1．When I started studying German, it was a struggle.
当我开始学习德语时，真是困难重重。
★struggle n．&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏击
struggle with/against　　　　　　 与……作斗争
struggle for 为……而斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
①Everyone struggles to live a happy life.
每个人都努力过上幸福的生活。
②They had to struggle for their lives against/with bad weather.
为了生存，他们不得不与坏天气抗争。
　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
①They struggled all through the years against/with the enemy.
②The fox struggled to_escape (escape) from the cage.
③He struggled to his feet and dragged slowly ahead.
Ⅱ.句型转换
④Women are fighting for equal pay for equal work.
→Women are struggling for equal pay for equal work.
⑤The wounded soldier rose to his feet with difficulty.
→The wounded soldier struggled to his feet.
⑥Two dogs were fighting with each other for a piece of bone.
→Two dogs were struggling with each other for a piece of bone.
2. It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.
这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言的了解越多，我的大脑就发育的越充分。
★“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”句式表示“越……就越……”。第一个“the＋比较级”相当于条件状语从句，通常用一般现在时代替将来时；第二个“the＋比较级”相当于主句，通常用一般将来时。
①The more you read, the more you'll learn.
你读得越多，收获就会越大。
②The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
你工作越努力，进步就越大。
③The sooner, the better.
越快越好。
　完成句子
①The_more_you_learn,_the more equipped for life you are.
你学到的知识越多，你就为生活准备得越好。
②The_more you pay, the_more you will gain.
付出越多，收获就越多。
③The_more you talked, the_less attention he paid to you.
你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲。

一、关系副词(when, where, why)引导的定语从句
1．when引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。
I can never forget the day when I first saw you.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。
2．where引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。
After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。(先行词是town)
[点津]　where还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如situation, stage, point, case, position, condition等。
The accident has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in.
事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。
3．why引导定语从句时，先行词通常是reason, 关系词在从句中作原因状语。
Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they're not doing well.
不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。
[点津]　先行词是the reason时，定语从句的引导词需根据定语从句缺少的成分而定，如果缺少状语，用why；如果缺少主语或宾语，则用that/which，作宾语时可省略。
I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me for his being late.
我不相信他给出的迟到的理由。
[即时训练1]　用适当的关系副词填空
①(2019·天津高考改编)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
②We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
③As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.
④Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
⑤The village_where I was born has become into a town.
⑥The reason why he resigned is known to us.
二、“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”结构引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which (指物) 或whom (指人)，即介词＋which/whom，并且不能省略。
If you have anything on which you want my opinions, feel free to see me.
如果你们有什么事需要征求我的意见的话，随时来找我。
I took a photo of the students, among whom was seated a teacher.
我给这些学生拍了一张照片，他们中间坐着一位老师。
2．“介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”中介词的选择：一先，二动，三意义。
“一先”，即根据先行词来确定介词。
The factory in which I'm working mainly produces computers.
我工作所在的工厂主要生产电脑。
(in which代替in the factory，“在工厂里”用介词in。)
“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词来确定介词。
In the dark street there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的街道上她没有一个人可以求助。
(to whom代替to a person；turn to sb.for help“向某人求助”。)
“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 p．m., by which time many people have gone home.
在办公室里，我要到下午5：30之后才能有点空闲，到那时，许多人已经回家了。
3．介词前有时加名词、数词等，构成“名词/数词/不定代词＋of which/whom”结构，在定语从句中作主语。
English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently.
英语是一种多元文化共享的语言，每一种文化使用它的方式各不相同。
I collected some books, the covers of which (＝whose covers/of which the covers) are yellow with years.
我收藏了一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。
4．“复合介词＋which”引导的定语从句，常用逗号与先行词隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.
他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。
[点津]　(1)当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配不可分割时，那么该动词短语中的介词不能前置，如listen to, look at, look for, look into, depend on, make use of, pay attention to, take care of等。
This is the pen which I'm looking for.
这是我正在找的那支钢笔。
(2)“介词＋where”和“介词＋which”的用法不同，如：
His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees.
他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)
[即时训练2]　用“介词＋关系代词”填空
①Many young people, most of_whom were well­educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
②Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of_which has been proved.
③Do you remember the day on_which you joined our club?
④There is a big window_through_which I can see the railway station.
⑤This is the man with_whom I just shook hands.
⑥None of us know the reason_for_which Tom was absent.

品悟—语境中的语法
Only One Eye to Settle on
A girl found the gobetween and said, “You cheated me! One of his (the boy she was dating) eyes is not true. I want to know the reason why you didn't tell me this before.”
“I have told you.” said the gobetween with justice on his side, “When you met first, I told you that he settled on you with one eye.”
点评：本文中“I want to know the reason why you didn't tell me this before.”使用了why引导的定语从句，why相当于for which，在定语从句中充当原因状语，修饰先行词the reason。


Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He wrote many children's books, nearly half of_which were published in the 1990s.
2．This is the person whom/who/that you are looking for.
3．I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
4．The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work_where_ a good impression is a must.
5．Creating an atmosphere where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
6．It is reported that two schools, both of which are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
7．Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.
8．We shouldn't spend our money testing so many people，most of whom_ are healthy.
9．The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn't study hard.
10．We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．The house has been pulled down.He lived in the house 10 years ago.
→The house where he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.
2．We settled down in a small village.In front of the village ran a winding river.
→We settled down in a small village, in front of which ran a winding river.
3．She has three sons.All of her sons are abroad now.
→She has three sons and all of them are abroad now.
→She has three sons, all of whom are abroad now.
4．There are sixty students in our class.Thirty of the students in our class are girls.
→There are sixty students in our class, thirty of whom are girls.
5．The school lies in the east of the town.He once studied in the school.
→The school where he once studied lies in the east of the town.
6．Do you remember the days？On those days we played together.
→Do you remember the days when we played together?
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．This summer I intend to take up a part­time job in a foreign company, through_which_
I_would_like_to_broaden_my_horizons (通过此事我能开阔眼界)．
2．Our class also has problems of its own, of_which_the_most_obvious_one_is_the_
students'_laziness (其中最明显的一个是学生的懒惰)．
3．First of all, I will have a warm family where_the_members_will_love_each_other_
and_care_about_each_other (家庭成员之间彼此相爱和关心)．
4．With the help of the local media, he has managed to find 32 time twins from 13 countries, of_whom_there_are_17_males_and_15_females (其中有17名男性和15名女性)．
5．I think the reason why_you_are_always_angry (为什么你总是生气) may be the high pressure of study.
6．After graduation he returned to the small town where/in_which_he_grew_up (他长大的小镇上)．
7．I don't like the way (that/in_which)_you_speak_to_your_parents (你跟你父母讲话的方式)．
8．I'll never forget the days when_I_worked_together_with_you (我和你一起工作的日子)．
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Carol Gee, now a writer, had been fired from her job after 12 years of working. Though she __1__ (look) for a new job for 17 months, she couldn't find another job. Then an event led her to the path that she didn't know she needed.
“I hope __2__ (stay) at Emory University because I enjoy working with students. But __3__ (unlucky), I was laid off. I told everyone that I was looking for a job, and to let me know if they heard of anything. One day, a friend emailed me about a position at the business school __4__ she worked. She even sent me the job description. Even after reading the description, I wasn't sure it was right __5__ me, but she thought __6__ was and told me to go. I did and I got the position, which included __7__ (write) case studies that I loved and some other __8__ (skill) I didn't realize I had. I was __9__ (surprise) by the result but I was also happy as this position gave me the chance to work with students again. The meaning of this story is that sometimes other people know us __10__ (well) than we know ourselves.”
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。Carol Gee用自己的故事告诉读者：有时候别人比我们自己更了解我们自己。
1．had looked　从句look的动作发生在主句动作couldn't find之前，故用过去完成时。
2．to stay　hope to do sth.“希望做某事”。
3．unluckily　副词作状语，修饰整个句子。
4．where　该空是定语从句的关系词，先行词是the business school，关系词在从句中作状语，故填where。
5．for　be right for sb.“适合某人”。
6．it　这里用it指代上文提到的position。Carol Gee的朋友觉得这份工作适合她。
7．writing　include后面跟v.­ing形式。
8．skills　根据空前的“some other”可知，这里用名词的复数形式，泛指其他的一些技能。
9．surprised　主语是人，故用surprised。
10．better　根据下文“than we know ourselves”可知，这里用well的比较级better。
Ⅴ.完形填空
A girl was 17 and she was very depressed (沮丧的) because she didn't score well in her college entrance exams. She wasn't satisfied with her __1__ because she expected more. She started staying __2__.
Her parents were __3__ because she didn't share anything with them. They gave her some time, __4__ things didn't change. So they __5__ to visit a doctor. That doctor told them to __6__， and he started questioning her about her __7__ in his office alone. But she didn't say a single word. After 40 minutes, she was still __8__. Later, the doctor told them that their daughter was in depression. The doctor gave them some medicine, and advised them to visit a psychiatrist (精神病医生)．
Her parents didn't __9__ her any medicine and they also didn't follow the __10__ to take her to a psychiatrist. What they did was __11__ her more than before. They started spending most of their time with their daughter. They always tried to make her __12__. They comforted her, and __13__ her to be strong. After a week, she started __14__ and asking for her favorite food. She started smiling and she was back again to her __15__ life.
One day, she told her parents she would never __16__ them in her life again and would never give up her dream of becoming a doctor. Then she made __17__ for the next year's college entrance exam. __18__， she was accepted by Johns Hopkins University to study __19__.
I think parents are not only parents, they are also the best __20__ sometimes who can treat you with their love.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。因考大学失利，女孩患上抑郁症。后来在父母的关心、安慰和鼓励下，她振作起来，最终实现了她的理想，考上了美国的重点医科大学。
1．A.results　　　　　　　 B．methods
C．manners D．attitudes
解析：选A　根据上文“because she didn't score well in her college entrance exams”可知，她对她的考试结果不满意。
2．A.alone B．up
C．late D．around
解析：选A　根据上文“she was very depressed”以及下文内容可知，她开始整日独处，不与他人交往。
3．A.interested B．careful
C．serious D．worried
解析：选D　由下文“because she didn't share anything with them”可知，女孩的父母非常担心。
4．A.so B．but
C．or D．and
解析：选B　空格前后内容之间存在转折关系，父母给了女孩一些时间，但没有什么转变。
5．A.waited B．decided
C．asked D．promised
解析：选B　由上文“things didn't change”可知，事情并没有转变，所以他们决定去见医生。
6．A.speak up B．carry on
C．give up D．stay out
解析：选D　根据下文“in his office alone”可知，那位医生告诉女孩的父母到外面等一等。
7．A.ideas B．problems
C．stories D．dreams
解析：选B　根据下文“Later, the doctor told them that their daughter was in depression”可知，医生问了女孩她的问题。
8．A.sad B．weak
C．quiet D．nervous
解析：选C　由上文“But she didn't say a single word”可知，40分钟过去了，但女孩依然保持沉默。
9．A.give B．find
C．pass D．show
解析：选A　根据上文“The doctor gave them some medicine”可知，医生给开了一些药，但是女孩的父母并没有让她吃。
10．A.rule B．plan
C．advice D．schedule
解析：选C　由上文“and advised them to visit a psychiatrist (精神病医生)”可知，女孩的父母也没有遵循医生的建议送她去看精神病医生。
11．A.visit B．love
C．educate D．surprise
解析：选B　根据下文可知，女孩的父母所做的是给女孩更多的爱。
12．A.laugh B．remember
C．understand D．study
解析：选A　根据上文可知，女孩非常忧郁，所以她的父母总是设法让她笑。
13．A.discovered B．considered
C．judged D．helped
解析：选D　由上文“They always tried to make her________. They comforted her”可知，父母帮助她变得坚强。
14．A.acting B．working
C．talking D．playing
解析：选C　根据下文“asking for her favorite food”可知，女孩开始说话。
15．A.common B．normal
C．hard D．private
解析：选B　从上文“she started ________ and asking for her favorite food”及本句内容可知，她恢复到以前正常的生活了。
16．A.hate B．frighten
C．disappoint D．shock
解析：选C　根据下文“would never give up her dream of becoming a doctor”可知，女孩决定不再让父母失望。
17．A.changes B．choices
C．explanations D．preparations
解析：选D　从下文“she was accepted by Johns Hopkins University”可知，女孩为来年的大学入学考试做准备。
18．A.Quickly B．Clearly
C．Suddenly D．Luckily
解析：选D　根据下文“she was accepted by Johns Hopkins University”可知，幸运的是，女孩被约翰•霍普金斯大学录取。
19．A.medicine B．history
C．business D．science
解析：选A　由上文“would never give up her dream of becoming a doctor”可知，女孩学的是医学。
20．A.partner B．friend
C．doctor D．listener
解析：选C　根据上文内容及下文“sometimes who can treat you with their love”可知，作者想表达的意思是父母是孩子最好的医生，他们有时能用爱治好孩子的病。
Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking

If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend,
experience as your reference， prudence as your brother and hope as your
sentry. —Thomas Edison
如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友、以经验为参谋、以谨慎为兄
弟、以希望为哨兵。 ——托马斯·爱迪生

一、课时语言点突破
1．For example, a student who has learnt British English might not be familiar with the different vocabulary that an American might use.
例如，一个学过英式英语的学生可能并不熟悉美国人使用的词汇，这些词汇与英式英语中的不同。
★be familiar with 与……熟悉
①I am quite familiar with her.
我和她很熟。
[辨析]
be familiar with
多用于某人熟悉某物，表示状态
get familiar with
“与……熟悉起来”，表示动作
be familiar to
多用于某物被某人所熟悉、熟知
②We got familiar with our English teacher soon.
我们很快就和我们的英语老师熟悉起来。
　单句语法填空
①We are all familiar with Mo Yan's works.
②“The name is familiar to me，” he said.
2．It's very convenient to get there by subway.
坐地铁到那里很方便。
★convenient adj.方便的，便利的
(1)if/when it is/was convenient to/for sb.如果某人方便的话/当某人方便时
It is/was convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事
(2)convenience n. 方便，便利
for convenience 为方便起见
at one's convenience　 在某人方便的时候
①I can start to work whenever it is convenient for you.
只要你们方便，我随时都可以开始工作。
②Many people choose distant learning for its convenience and speed.
很多人选择远程学习是因为其方便和迅速。
③He was asked to make an appointment at his earliest convenience.
他被要求方便时尽早安排一次会面。
[点津]　convenient用作表语时，不能用表示人的词作主语，但可以用it作形式主语，常用“It is convenient for sb. to do sth.”句式。类似的形容词还有important, necessary, possible, probable等。
　翻译句子
①你方便的话，请在6点钟来。(it is convenient for sb.)
Please_come_at_six_if_it_is_convenient_for_you.
②I wonder if it would be possible for us to see you at your convenience and discuss the matter in detail.
我想知道我们是否有可能在你方便的情况下和你见面并详细讨论这件事情。
二、课时专项技能强化
[听力技法微指导]
辨别同音词和发音近似的词
英语中有几百组同音异义词和许多发音相似的单词，常给我们的听力理解造成很大的障碍。因此，对于这部分词汇进行专门地学习有助于提高我们的听力水平。下面列举一些听力练习中常见的同音异义词和发音近似的词，以供同学们参考。
①blue (蓝色的) —— blew (吹，blow的过去式)
②bear (承受，忍受) —— bare (赤裸的)
③break (打破) —— brake (闸，刹车)
④die (死) —— dye (染)
⑤dear (亲爱的；贵的) —— deer (鹿)
⑥fare (车费) —— fair (公正)
⑦father (父亲) —— farther (较远，far的比较级)
⑧flee (逃走) —— flea (跳蚤)
⑨flower (花) —— flour (面粉)
⑩hear (听见) —— here (这里)
⑪hair (头发) —— hare (野兔)
⑫heal (治愈) —— heel (脚后跟)
⑬hire (租) —— higher (更高)
⑭hour (小时) —— our (我们的)
hours (小时)——ours (我们的)
⑮mail (邮件) —— male (男性，公的)
⑯meat (肉) —— meet (遇见)
⑰new (新的) —— knew (知道，know的过去式)
⑱nose (鼻子) —— knows (知道，know的第三人称单数形式)
⑲piece (一片，一张) —— peace (和平)
⑳past (过；经过) —— passed (经过，pass的过去式或过去分词)
pear (梨) —— pair (一对；一双)
plain (清楚的) —— plane (飞机)
route (路线) —— root (根)
road (路) —— rode (骑，ride的过去式)
red (红色的) —— read (读，read的过去式或过去分词)
steel (钢铁) —— steal (偷窃)
sail (帆，航海) —— sale (卖，销售)
strait (海峡) —— straight (直的)
scene (景象) —— seen (看见，see的过去分词)
son (儿子) —— sun (太阳)
steak (牛排) —— stake (桩)
their (他/她/它们的) —— there (那里)
tail (尾巴) —— tale (故事)
through (通过) —— threw (扔，throw的过去式)
way (路) —— weigh (重)
waste (浪费) —— waist (腰)
war (战争) —— wore (穿上，wear的过去式)
where (在哪里) —— wear (穿；戴) —— ware (商品)
week (星期) —— weak (弱的)
write (写) —— right (对的；右边的)
whole (整个的) —— hole (洞；孔；坑)
weather (天气) —— whether (是否)
warn (警告) —— worn (穿；戴，wear的过去分词)
[交际用语练能力]
(一)根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
W：Hi, John.
M：Hi, Lucy. __1__
W：Yes. I'm required to tell a story in English before the lesson begins.
M：Oh, I see. __2__
W：You're right. I need to practice on the stage before they all come.
M：__3__
W：Yes, here, in my pocket ...Oops (哎哟), where is it?
M：Don't worry. __4__
W：...No, not in the bag, either. I'm afraid I left it at home.
M：__5__
W：Aha! It's just the key to the classroom! Thank you so much.
A．Glad to see you.
B．What's the story about?
C．What's that around your neck?
D．Maybe you put it in your schoolbag.
E．Do you have the key to the classroom?
F．You're going to school rather early today.
G．So you want to get to the classroom earlier to make some preparation?
答案：1～5　FGEDC
(二)话题常用佳句填后背诵
1．It_is_important_to_take an English course, as you will be able to learn from the teachers and practice speaking English with your fellow students.
参加英语课程很重要，因为你能向老师学习并和你的同学们一块练习说英语。
2．Many students find_it_necessary_to_master the English grammar if he or she wants to learn English well.
许多学生发现如果他或她想学好英语，掌握英语语法是有必要的。
3．We are supposed to learn English well because_having_a_good_command_of English means more opportunities in the future.
我们理应学好英语，因为精通英语意味着在将来有更多的机会。
4．I can enlarge_my_vocabulary as well as learn more about the culture and customs of English­speaking countries by reading works in English.
通过阅读英语作品我可以增加词汇量，了解更多说英语国家的文化和风俗习惯。
5．Not_only_does_she_help_us_with_our_daily_life,_but she also plays an important part in our English learning.
她不仅在我们的日常生活中帮助我们，还在我们的英语学习中起重要作用。

一、听力强化训练
Ⅰ.听第1段材料，完成第1至3题。 根据录音内容判断下列陈述是否正确，正确的在括号内填T，不正确的在括号内填F。
1．Public affairs is suitable to start a conversation according to the woman.(F)
2．Mark looks unhappy because he is worried about his English.(T)
3．The woman suggests the man to join a club.(T)
Ⅱ.听第2段材料，回答第4、5题。
4．When will the man leave China?
In_two_weeks.
5．Why can't the man decide when to come to China again?
His_mother_hasn't_recovered_yet.
Ⅲ.听第3段材料，回答第6至8题。
6．What do you think of the woman?
A．Curious.　　 B．Talkative.　　 C．Intellectual.
7．What is the conversation about?
A．Computer sales.
B．A job interview.
C．An Internet meeting.
8．What do we know about the man?
A．He knows nothing about computers.
B．He is very clever at answering questions.
C．The woman will offer him the job.
答案：6～8　CBA
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W: What's the matter, Mark? You don't look very happy.
M: I'm not.I'm worried about my English.
W: What's the problem?
M: I'm not practicing enough.
W: Why not?
M: Well, it's difficult to meet English people.
W: You should go out more.
M: Where should I go?
W: You should go to bars.You should join a club.
M: But ...English people never speak to me.
W: Ah! You should speak first.
M: What can I talk about?
W: The weather! English people are always interested in the weather.
(Text 2)
W: David, where did you get so many old books?
M: Some graduates were selling their used books.They were really cheap, so I bought some.
W: But aren't you leaving China in two weeks? How can you finish reading so many books?
M: I'll take them back to America.I want to continue to improve my Chinese, so they'll be very helpful.
W: When will you come to China again?
M: I don't know.Maybe several years later.Or maybe next year.That all depends.
W: Depends on what?
M: It depends on whether my mom will recover or not.If she is still ill, I cannot leave her to work in China.
(Text 3)
W: OK, Mr. Taylor, let's go ahead and begin. First of all, tell me about your last job.
M: Well, as stated in my resume, I worked for five years at Hi­Tech Computers.
W: OK. Hi­Tech. And what do you know about computer networks and operating systems including DOS, Windows, Macintosh OS, and UNLX?
M: Umm ... well ... I did come in contact with computers every night at my last job.
W: Hum ... And how about website authoring skills? Oh. We are looking for someone to create and manage our company's website which would include the development, configuration, and use of CGI scripts.
M: Umm ... uh, web page, web page. Huh ... I don't think I've read that book, and I'm afraid I've never used those CGI things.
W: Huh! And what about experience with Java or JavaScript?
M: Well ... I think I've tried Java at a foreign coffee shop one time, if that's what you mean.
W: OK, Mr. Taylor, I think I have all the information I need!
M: Oh, and I really like computer games. I play them every day.
W: Right, right. Thanks, Mr. Taylor. We'll be in touch.
二、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．These_gases (气体) pollute the atmosphere of towns and cities.
2．The price of_petrol_ (汽油) is coming down by four pence a gallon.
3．The majority of us feel worried if we walk through a subway (地铁)．
4．Now I live in a high­rise building in the city that has thirty apartments (公寓) on each floor.
5．He put on a pair of short pants (短裤) and an undershirt.
6．I hope to welcome the new semester (学期) with them happily together.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He talked of other cultures as if they were more familiar_to him than his own.
2．The family thought it was more convenient (convenience) to eat in the kitchen.
3．Will you please have Tom come (come) over this weekend?
4．You can go to the centre of the city by subway.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Would_you_mind_waiting_outside for a moment?
你介意在外面等一会吗？
2．He did not know them personally, but he_was_familiar_with their reputation.
他并不认识他们，但已久仰他们的大名。
3．By_the_way,_you were all so kind to me and my family.
顺便说一下，你们对我和我的家人真是太好了。
4．If_it_is_convenient_for_you,_call me at two o'clock, please.
如果你方便的话，请两点钟打电话给我。
5．It's very kind of you to_help_me_with_my_study.
你帮助我学习真是太贴心了。
三、交际交流训练(补全对话)
A
W: Are you OK, Chuck? You look pale.
M: I'm fine, Katherine. ①________
W: Oh, poor you. You know what? I found a new way to learn Chinese and it works very well.
M: You did? Do tell me. I've spent all these months trying to learn something new about it, but I've made little progress!
W: ②________
M: So you're learning Chinese songs?
W: You can say that. I can actually sing some of them now.
M: That's a real achievement. How did you do that?
W: ③________
M: It makes sense.
W: It does. I've learned some Chinese folk songs this way. They are clearly presented and easy to follow.
M: ④________
W: Why not? I downloaded a beautiful song the other day. We can learn it together now.
M: Great. Do you think we need a Chinese dictionary?
W: ⑤________
M: OK. I will bring it with me.
A．I start by listening to the song a few times and after several times I am able to follow the singer.
B．Can I join you, Katherine? I do want to have a try.
C．Sure. I'm learning Chinese through songs.
D．Yes, just in case we run into some new characters.
E．I just stayed up late last night working on my Chinese.
答案：①～⑤　ECABD
B
W: Hello, School of English Studies.
M: Hello, I saw your advertisement in the newspaper.Can you ①give_me_some_information (给我一些信息), please?
W: Yes, of course.What would you like to know?
M: Well, first, how long are the courses?
W: They are 6 or 9 months long and the next course begins next Monday.
M: ②How_many_students (多少学生) will there be in the class? Not too many, I hope.
W: Usually, there are 15.We find that a good number.
M: OK.Now, I saw the price of the course in the newspaper, but will I have to ③pay_for (付款) anything else?
W: Only for the textbook, ④which costs twelve pounds ninety­nine.
M: I see.When can I come and pay?
W: Well, the school is open from 8 am to 7 pm on Monday to Friday and on Saturdays from 9 am to 1 pm.
M: OK.I see.Well, thank you very much.Goodbye.
四、语篇阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
English is not pronounced as it is written: vowels (元音) and consonants (辅音) can often be pronounced in different ways, and there are no accents to help you with stress. For this reason, most students see pronunciation as one of the most difficult things of the language, and they expect their teacher to help them with it. Before a student can pronounce well, they must be able to pronounce each sound more or less correctly.
·Incorrect pronunciation is one of the main reasons for breakdown in communication.
·The more help students are given with their pronunciation, the more confident they feel when they speak and the more likely they are to have a go at speaking.
·There is no point in teaching students new words or phrases if they can't pronounce them correctly.
·Although there are many irregularities, there are also rules which can help students to pronounce better. About 70% of words in English follow a regular pronunciation style.
·If students are taught to recognize phonemic scripts(音标注音), they will be able to check pronunciation of new or unusual words in their dictionary.
·Certain English sounds may not exist in their language at all or may be similar but different. Students may tend to pronounce letters or a group of letters in the same way as in their own language.
·Teaching the 44 sounds of English altogether makes students realize that the number of sounds isn't limitless.
·Students can be taught to see the relationship between a single letter and a sound, and how certain groups of letters produce certain sounds.
REMEMBER
Encourage your students with their pronunciation.
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了英语发音的重要性，并提出了如何让学生学好发音的几条建议。
1．This passage is probably written for ________.
A．students　　　　　　 B．teachers
C．parents D．scientists
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可以推知，这篇文章可能是写给老师的。
2．If you pronounce a word incorrectly, people will ________.
A．not get along well with you
B．not be able to understand you
C．teach you the correct pronunciation
D．encourage you to pronounce correctly
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，错误的发音会影响交流。由此可推知，如果你发音不正确，对方将不能理解你的意思。
3．The author probably disagrees that ________.
A．pronunciation is one of the most difficult things of the language
B．there are pronunciation rules for most of the English words
C．students should learn new words before pronouncing them correctly
D．teachers should help and encourage students with their pronunciation
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，如果学生不能正确地读出新单词的发音，那么老师教他们这些新单词也是没有意义的，故答案为C项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tuatara (鳄蜥) can only be found on the islands off the coast of New Zealand. And they are one of the __1__ (old) animals in the world. They were on the earth 220 million years ago. At that time, there were a lot of tuatara all over the world, but in most __2__ (place) they died out about one million years ago because other stronger animals developed and became tuatara killers. At __3__ same time, New Zealand became separated from the rest of the world, so tuatara have continued to live in New Zealand.
Tuatara are cold­blooded animals so they feel cold __4__ you touch them. They can grow up __5__ 24 centimeters in length (长度) and weigh more than 1 kilogram. Tuatara make __6__ (they) homes in holes in the ground. They often share their holes with birds, which is not a good idea for the birds because tuatara are fond of __7__ (eat) eggs and baby birds. In fact, they will eat anything they can catch, but __8__ (usual) they eat insects (昆虫)．
The number of tuatara __9__ (drop) since people and other animals came to New Zealand one thousand years ago. Today, there aren't many tuatara left. In New Zealand, programmes have been set up __10__ (protect) them.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章简要介绍了鳄蜥。它是一种类似蜥蜴的爬行动物，只生长在新西兰周边的岛屿上。
1．oldest　根据下一句可知，此处说鳄蜥是世界上最古老的动物之一。故用old的最高级形式oldest。
2．places　根据空前的most可知，这里指在大部分地方，故用名词的复数形式。
3．the　at the same time“同时”。
4．when　根据空后的“you touch them”可知，当你摸它们时，它们是凉的。
5．to　这里的to表示“到；达”。它们能长到24厘米。
6．their　形容词性物主代词修饰名词homes。
7．eating　be fond of doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。
8．usually　此处表示“通常情况下”，故填副词usually。
9．has dropped　根据空后的“since people and other animals came to New Zealand one thousand years ago”可知，此处用现在完成时。自从1 000年前人类和其他一些动物来到新西兰后，它们的数量一直在下降。
10．to protect　新西兰已经建立了一些项目来保护它们。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。
Section Ⅴ　Reading for Writing

　　 Don't aim for success if you want it; just do what you love and believe in,
and it will come nat­urally.
如果你想要成功，不要去刻意追求它；尽管去做你自己热爱的事情并
且相信它，成功自然会到来。



题目要求：高一学生李华学习英语遇上了困难，写信向Miss Wang寻求学好英语的学习方法；假如你是Miss Wang，请给李华写一封回信，要求包含以下内容：
1．多记一些惯用词组(set phrases)和句型结构(sentence structures)，把它们组织在一起造句；
2．大量阅读可以提高写作水平；
3．多背诵一些好的短文；
4．写日记是提高写作的好方法。
要求：不要逐字逐条翻译，可以适当增加细节，词数100左右。
Dear Li Hua，
　


Yours，
Miss Wang

[背诵范文]
Dear Li Hua，
Your letter has reached me and I'm glad to make some suggestions. In my opinion, if you want to improve your writing, you can do as follows.
To begin with, do some study with set phrases and sentence structures. Keep a list of them and make some sentences with them. And, in order to write well, you must learn to read much, which will contribute to building your vocabulary and help to improve your writing skills. Besides, you'd better recite some good passages, where you can enjoy many beautiful sentences and learn some useful expressions. What's more, keeping a diary is an effective way.
I hope you can follow these suggestions and make progress.
Yours，
Miss Wang
[高分亮点]
第一段中 reach和as follows属于高级词汇，它们的使用可使文章增加亮点。
第二段中“which will contribute to building your vocabulary and help to imrove your writing skills”和“where you can enjoy many beautiful sentences and learn some useful expressions”两个定语从句的使用体现了作者较高的写作功底。此外，整篇文章使用了较多的衔接词，如：in my opinion, to begin with, and, besides, what's more等，使文章前后连贯，条理清晰。

[析文脉——学遣词谋篇]

学词汇
have trouble with sth.做……有困难
have trouble with sb.　　　　　　　和某人有麻烦
have trouble with sth./(in) doing sth. 做……上有困难
have difficulty with sth. 在……上有困难
have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
①I hope we won't have any trouble with_ each other.
我希望我们彼此之间不会有什么不愉快的事情。
②We have different dialects, so we have trouble in understanding (understand) each other.
我们方言不同，因此我们彼此理解有困难。
③I have some difficulty with English grammar.
我在英语语法方面有点儿困难。
学表达
1．文章第二段倒数第三句中使用“catch”一词要比使用“understand”更合适，形象地表达出了Liu Wen的英语听力水平。
2．文章第二段使用了when引导的时间状语从句(When I listen to ...)来举例说明作者在英语学习中存在的问题。第三段使用了动名词短语作主语(Listening to English radio programmes ...)和宾语从句(repeat what I hear ...)来表达作者的建议。同时在呈现作者英语学习存在的问题时也使用了宾语从句(think about who I'm talking to ...)。
学逻辑
第二段的作者Liu Wen运用并列连词but自然过渡到自己在英语学习中存在的问题。第三段的作者Jia Xin先分享了自己听力学习的经验，然后提出了自己在英语学习中存在的问题，逻辑清晰，层次分明。

学词汇
1．equal n．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的；胜任的 vt.等于；比得上
(1)be equal to sth./doing sth.　 等于或胜任(做)某事
(2)equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
(3)equality n. 平等
equally adv. 相等地；同等地；相同地
①I'm not equal_to the task.
我不能胜任这项任务。
②No one equals_him_in_spelling.
在拼写方面，无人能和他相比。
③He is my_equal in strength.
他和我的力气一样大。
2．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问
(1)demand to do sth.　　　　　　　 要求做某事
demand sth.of/from sb. 要求某人某事
demand of sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事
demand that ...(should) do sth. 要求……做某事
(2)be in (great) demand 需求量大
meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求
①He demanded_an_apology_from the manager.
他要求经理道歉。
②He_demanded_of me to shut the gate.
他要求我关上大门。
③They demand that the books (should)_be_returned (return) to the school library at once.
他们要求把书立刻还回图书馆。
④In the unusual hot summer, air conditioners are_in_great_demand.
在非同寻常的炎热的夏天，空调的需求量极大。
[点津]　表示“要求某人做某事”，不可以说demand sb.to do sth.，但可以说demand of sb.to do sth.或ask/require/request sb.to do sth.。
学表达
1．文章第四段第三句中“bridge”一词是名词用作动词，表示“减小、消除两者间的隔阂、鸿沟或分歧”。
2．本段作者运用三个if条件状语从句以及动名词作宾语(Would you mind opening ...)等句式提出了“在使用英语时如何做到有礼貌”的建议。
学逻辑
本段作者Li Rui的写作风格与第三段作者Jia Xin的写作风格相同，也是先针对第一段作者的问题提出建议，而后表达自己在英语学习中存在的问题，逻辑清晰。
[通技法——学写作规范]
如何写“求助信”
写英文求助信的原因是目前自己遇到了一些困难，需要请求对方帮助，因此整篇文章应用一般现在时表达文意，当描述自己得到帮助后的进步时应用一般将来时。具体写作结构如下：

积“黄金”词句，写高分文章
一、开头部分常用语
1．My name is ... I'm writing to you for some help.
我叫……，我写信向你寻求一些帮助。
2．I'm writing a letter to you to ask you to do me a favor.
我给你写信想请你帮我一个忙。
二、寻求帮助常用语
1．Faced with so much difficulty, I have to ask you for help.
面对这么多的困难，我不得不向你求助。
2．In the meanwhile/At the same time, I beg you to ... so that ... Also, I would like you to ...
同时，我恳求你……以便……我也想让你……
3．I would like you to introduce some good ways to learn grammar.
我想让你给我介绍一些学习语法的好方法。
4．I have met with many difficulties in learning English.
学习英语的过程中我遇到许多困难。
5．I wonder whether you could do me a favor ...
我想知道你是否能帮我一个忙……
三、结尾部分常用语
1．I'm sure with your help I can make great progress.
我相信在你的帮助下我会取得很大的进步。
2．I would greatly appreciate your timely help.
我将非常感谢你及时的帮助。
[即时练——靓句带你飞]
一、求助信开头：自我介绍，说明写信目的。
1．我叫李华，我给你写信请求一些帮助。
My_name_is_Li_Hua.I'm_writing_a_letter_to_you_to_ask_for_some_help.
二、求助信中间：具体讲述自己的困难，再提出请求。
2．我在学习英语方面遇到了许多困难。
I_have_met_with_many_difficulties_in_learning_English.
3．我发现我们的课文满是生词，对我来说记住它们很难。
I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words_and_they_are_very_difficult_for_me_to_remember.
4．课文太长，我难以背诵。
The_texts_are_too_long_for_me_to_recite.
5．因为有如此多的困难，我不得不向你寻求一些帮助。
Because_I_have_so_many_difficulties,_I_have_to_ask_you_for_some_help.
三、求助信结尾：诚恳表达期望，并表示感谢。
6．你能给我们介绍一些学习新单词的好方法吗？以便我们更容易记住它们。
Would_you_like_to_introduce_us_some_good_ways_to_learn_new_words_so_that_we_can_remember_them_more_easily?
7．我请求你讲课文更慢一点。
I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly.
8．我相信我能在英语学习上取得很大的进步。
I'm_sure_that_I_can_make_great_progress_in_my_English_study.
9．我将非常感谢你的一切帮助。
I_will_appreciate_any_of_your_help.


一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I'm very glad to see that your vocabulary (词汇) is gradually building up.
2．Can you give a description (描述) of the contents of your lost wallet?
3．China has always insisted that all countries, big or small, should be equal (平等的)．
4．Can you relate (联系) what happened in your childhood to your present state of mind?
5．Mr Byers last night demanded (要求) an immediate explanation from the Education Secretary.
6．There was a wide gap (差距) between the views of the two statesmen on the bilateral cooperation.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The scenery was so beautiful that it was almost beyond description (describe)．
2．She demanded to_see (see) the headmaster immediately to settle the problem.
3．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally (equal) respected.
4．I would like to give my opinion in relation (relate) to this problem.
5．Do you mind telling (tell) me how to use this function?
6．Taking (take) exercise every morning makes one person healthy.
Ⅲ.选词填空

1．The girl used_to be shy, but is gradually getting active in group work.
2．It is difficult to get_used_to another country's customs.
3．To write a good news report, you have to make sure your information relates_to something that has happened recently.
4．You may_depend_on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his word.
5．So please do not worry about the future of those close_to you; you will always meet again.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The teacher demands that the_students_(should)_go_to_school_on_time.
这位老师要求学生们准时到校。
2．The question is how_to_find_him as soon as possible.
问题是如何尽快找到他。
3．You could turn to the teachers for help whenever you have_trouble_in_learning_English.
无论何时你学英语时遇到困难，你都可以向老师寻求帮助。
4．Any man will be_equal_to_the_task,_so long as he is careful. You should have a try.
只要细心，任何一个人都能胜任这份工作，你应该尝试一下。
二、阅读表达训练
Ⅰ.阅读文章回答问题
If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some advice: There are four skills in learning English. They are reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills you should first master the skills of reading and listening.

Read_as_much_as_you_can._But_your_reading_must_be_active._It_means_that_you_must_think_about_the_meaning_of_the_sentence,_the_meaning_of_the_unfamiliar_words,_etc._There_is_no_need_for_you_to_pay_much_attention_to_grammar_or_try_to_understand_all_the_unfamiliar_words_you_come_across._It_would_be_better_to_prepare_yourself_a_notebook_so_you_can_write_down_the_important_words_or_sentences_in_it.
For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes.
1．What is the main idea of the passage?
The_passage_is_mainly_about_how_to_become_fluent_in_speaking_and_writing_English.
2．According to the author, you should improve reading and listening first among the four skills. Do you think the author's advice is useful? Why or why not?
Yes,_the_author's_advice_is_useful.Because_listening,_speaking,_reading_and_writing_are_closely_related,_and_based_on_each_other._
3．What expressions does the author use to make suggestions? Underline them in the passage.
Ⅱ.依据题目要求写作
假定你是李华。你的笔友Tom给你写信咨询“如何在班级创设浓厚的汉语学习氛围”。请你根据提示给他写一封英文回信。内容包括：
1．宣传标语用英汉双语；
2．开设汉语角；
3．邀请汉语外教来学校上课。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom，
How are you doing? I'm glad to hear from you. From your letter，　





Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Tom，
How are you doing? I'm glad to hear from you. From your letter, I know that your class will develop the students' interest in Chinese learning.Now I share some advice with you.
To begin with, all the signs and slogans in your class should be written both in Chinese and English, which can create an atmosphere to learn Chinese.Secondly, you should set up the Chinese Corner in your class, where you can practice your spoken Chinese. Last but not least, you should invite some Chinese teachers who have a good command of Chinese to come to your school to communicate with students face to face. I do hope my suggestions can be helpful to you.I'm looking forward to getting your good news soon.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Section Ⅵ　Assessing Your Progress

　　If we grow in comfort and prosperity, we only can harvest shallowness and
weakness. Only through the challenges would we have the fruit of life.
如果我们在舒适和一帆风顺的环境中成长，最后收获的只会是浅薄与
脆弱。只有经历挑战才可能获得生命的果实。
一、单元词汇再盘查
(一)默写单词
1．native adj.　　　　　　 出生地的；本地的；土著的
n. 本地人
2．attitude n. 态度；看法
3．refer vi. 提到；参考；查阅
　 vt. 查询； 叫……求助于
4．system n. 体系；制度；系统
5．beg vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求
6．despite prep. 即使；尽管
7．factor n. 因素；要素
8．based adj. 以(某事)为基础的；
以……为重要部分(或特征)的
9．base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础
n. 底部；根据
10．bone n. 骨头；骨(质)
11．symbol n. 符号；象征
12．carve vt.&vi. 雕刻
13．dynasty n. 王朝；朝代
14．variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
15．major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的
n. 主修课程；主修学生
vi. 主修；专门研究
16．means n. 方式；方法；途径
17．classic adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的
　 n. 经典作品；名著
18．regard n. 尊重；关注
　 vt. 把……视为；看待
19．character n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
20．calligraphy n. 书法；书法艺术
21．global adj. 全球的；全世界的
22．affair n. 公共事务；事件；关系
23．appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会
　 　 vi. 增值
24．specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的
25．struggle n．&vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏击
26．gas n. 汽油；气体；燃气
27．petrol n．(gas) 汽油
28．subway n．(underground) 　 地铁
29．apartment n. 公寓套房
30．equal n. 同等的人；相等物
adj. 相同的；同样的
31．gap n. 间隔；开口；差距
32．demand n. 要求；需求
　 vt. 强烈要求；需要
　 vi. 查问
33．vocabulary n. 词汇
34．description n. 描写(文字)；形容
35．relate vt. 联系；讲述
(二)译出短语
1．be_known_for　　　　　 因……而众所周知
2．at_the_beginning 起初
3．in_one_direction 朝一个方向
4．of_great_importance 很重要
5．play_a_role_in 在……中起作用
6．an_increasing_number_of 越来越多的
7．refer_to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
8．ups_and_downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
9．date_back_(to_...) 追溯到
10．no_matter_where,_who,_what,_etc.
不论……；不管……
11．relate_to 与……相关；涉及；谈到
12．used_to 过去常常
13．have_a_lot_of_trouble_with 　 对于……有很多麻烦
14．compare_..._with_... 与……比较
二、话题词汇多积累
(一)单词
1．explain v．　　　　　　　 解释；说明
2．topic n. 话题；主题
3．excellent adj. 极好的；优秀的
4．comprehension n. 理解；理解力
5．recite v. 背诵；叙述
6．retell vt. 复述
7．preview vt.&n. 预习；预览
8．review v．&n. 复习；回顾
9．memorize vt. 记忆；记住
10．consult v. 查阅；请教
11．enlarge v. 扩大
12．practise v. 练习；实践
13．skim v. 跳读；略读
14．scan v．& n. 扫描；浏览
15．translate v. 翻译
16．master vt. 精通；掌握
　 　n. 硕士；大师
17．grasp v．& n. 领会；掌握；抓住
18．improve v. 改善；增进；提高
19．accomplish vt. 完成；实现；达到
20．accumulate v. 积累；积聚
(二)短语
1．develop one's interest　　　　　 培养某人的兴趣
2．improve one's reading ability 提高某人的阅读能力
3．form the/a habit of reading 养成阅读习惯
4．enlarge/expand one's vocabulary 扩大某人的词汇量
5．practise one's oral/spoken English 练习某人的口语
6．express oneself in English fluently 用英语流利地表达自己
7．improve writing skills 提高写作能力
8．give sb. some advice on how to learn English对某人就如何学英语提出建议
9．take part in the English Corner 参加英语角
10．have a good command of 精通……
11．have a good knowledge of English　 通晓英语
12．fall in love with 爱上……
13．make great progress 取得很大进步



一、单元核心考点重点练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The twins differ from each other in character (性格)．
2．What subject did you major (主修) in when you were in university?
3．By no means (方式) am I satisfied with what you have done.
4．It is a struggle (斗争) for me to rid myself of my fears.
5．She is now crazy about classical (古典的) music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert.
6．This is an animal that is specific (特有的) to this part of Africa.
7．I'd appreciate (感激) your writing me back as soon as possible.
8．There are certain factors (因素) I must consider on my new invention.
9．How do you view the role of women in global (全球的) development?
10．Despite (尽管) his terrible injuries, he wouldn't give up the struggle for life.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This proverb is based on an old English law dating (date)back to the 17th centuries.
2．Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help me find the lost suitcase.
3．The angry public demanded that the murderer (should)be_shot (shoot)．
4．Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.
5．He struggled against cancer for two years.
6．This is the hero of whom we are proud.
7．The hotel where he stayed with his father for one night is a five­star hotel.
8．By the time we arrived, he had_worked_ (work) for eight hours.
Ⅲ.选词填空
get used to， date back to， refer to， used to， all the way， be equal to， varieties of， relate to
1．Specifically, classical music_refers_to orchestral music of the 18th and early 19th centuries.
2．There used_to be a bus stop on that corner.
3．Bill Gates said，“Life is not fair, and get_used_to it.”
4．The old town dates_back_to the late seventeenth century.
5．One of the advantages is that we can find varieties_of topics, such as science, culture and history.
6．The first part of the idea does not relate_to the other.
7．We've just moved all_the_way across country to begin a new life.
8．The happiness you feel_is_equal_to_ the love you give.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．I still remember the day when/on_which_we_met_for_the_first_time.
我仍然记得我们第一次相遇的那一天。
2．We didn't know the reason why_he_refused_our_help.
我们不知道他拒绝我们帮助的原因。
3．When I entered senior high school, my_attitudes_towards_language_learning changed.
当我进入高中后，我对语言学习的态度改变了。
4．Whatever/No_matter_what decisions he made I would support him.
无论他做出什么决定我都会支持的。
5．Birds usually only fly together with other birds of_the_same_kind.
鸟儿通常只和同类的其他鸟儿一起飞翔。
6．Tom and his father_had_some_trouble_with Chinese customs during the travel.
在这次旅行中，汤姆和他的父亲在中国习俗方面遇到了一些麻烦。
7．I_would_appreciate_it_if you can give me some advice on how to solve these problems.
如果您能就如何解决这些问题给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。
8．Happiness doesn't always relate_to wealth.
幸福不总是与财富相关。

二、单元同类话题热读练
阅读理解
Some English words are made up of the same part and have different beginnings and different endings, such as import, export, report and transport. All these words, you can see, have the same “port”， which comes from the Latin word, meaning “to carry” or “to move” from one place to another. And according to the bit at the beginning, which we call the prefix the meaning changes. “Import” means “to carry in” or “to bring into a country”， “export”， “ex”means “out of”， so this word means “to carry out of the country”， “re” means “back”， so the “report” means “to tell somebody, to bring back information to somebody”， “transport”， “trans” means “across” and it means “to carry across one place to another”．
Let's look at the following words: supporter, reporter, importer and exporter. You can see that in this case these words are nouns which are made up of the verbs plus a suffix, thus meaning a person who completes the verb. So supporter means somebody who supports. A reporter is somebody who reports. Importer is somebody who imports and exporter is somebody who exports, and so on.
语篇解读：文章主要介绍了英语构词法的有关知识。
1．In the first sentence the underlined word “part” means ________.
A．different beginnings and different endings
B．the same part that has several meanings
C．the root of the word
D．the same root that has different meanings
解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据“Some English words are made up of the same part and have different beginnings and different endings”可知，part 应是词根，而不是前缀或后缀。
2．By adding a prefix or a suffix to a root, we can get a word which has ________.
A．the meaning of a Latin word
B．a different meaning
C．the meaning of “in” or “out of”
D．a lot of meanings
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“And according to the bit at the beginning, which we call the prefix the meaning changes.”可推知，词根加上不同的前、后缀，可得到不同的意义。A和C的说法太片面。
3．We can get a noun ________.
A．just by adding “er” to a verb
B．by changing a prefix
C．only by adding “er” to a root
D．by adding a suffix to a verb
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You can see that in this case these words are nouns which are made up of the verbs plus a suffix, thus meaning a person who completes the verb.”可知，在动词后加上一个后缀，就变成了名词。
4．According to the passage, if we talk about a man of refinement, you may guess that he must be ________.
A．a man having good manners and education
B．a person who should be educated
C．somebody having bad manners
D．a person punished by somebody else
解析：选A　推理判断题。文章提到在动词后加上一个后缀，就变成了名词。refine是动词，本意为“净化；精炼；纯净”，加上后缀­ment 后变成了名词，故A项正确。
三、看图说话新素养练
Picture 1：

details
•British English
•American English
Picture 2：

Amah Rock
by Wang Jian
Where she awaits her husband，
On and on the river flows.
Never looking back，
Transformed into stone.
Day by day upon the mountain top，
Wind and rain revolve.
Should the traveller return，
This stone would utter speech.
details
•English speakers also enjoy different forms of Asian poetry － Tang poems from China in particular.
•This Tang poem is a translation from the Chinese.
Picture 3：

details
•Confucius institute program was set up in Korea in 2004; now the Confucius institute is all around the world.
•The Confucius institute program works to promote Chinese language and culture.
•The foreigners practise Chinese very hard.
1．What's the topic of the pictures above?
It_is_the_language_around_the_world.
2．It is a fact that more and more foreigners are interested in our language and culture. Why do you think the world is so crazy about Chinese?
Over_the_past_three_decades,_Chinese_economy_is_booming._The_world_is_watching_China_and_many_foreigners_have_realized_the_importance_of_seeking_cooperation,_so_they_want_to_do_business_with_Chinese_people_and_learning_our_language_works_better._Besides,_Chinese_culture_is_full_of_magic_and_legends._Confucius_institute_provides_the_place_to_learn_Mandarin.

四、读后续写新题型练
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
With time going by, Mother's Day was around_the_corner. Maybe it is the happiest day for every mother. Bruce, a boy of nine years old, with his little sister Alina, six years old, wanted their mother to be one of them. But they were too young to get a job, even if a part­time one. What could they do? There was only one week left. They felt sad whenever they thought their mother would spend her Mother's Day without carnations (康乃馨)．
Money is hard to make. Buying a bunch of carnations would cost a large sum of money for them. One day when they were wandering at the street, they heard Mr Green was complaining that he had no time to wash those soda pop bottles. It is a kind of soda pop sold in bottles and the bottles can be washed and filled again. Mr Green ran that grocery shop by himself, so he had no time to wash them. “Would you like to try, Alina？” Bruce asked her sister suddenly. Alina nodded her head without hesitation. After all, both of them knew that maybe it was an opportunity for them to make money for the flowers.
They walked a few steps and came near Mr Green. They looked up at Mr Green and asked whether they could help him to wash those bottles. Mr Green looked at them curiously until he was told the reason. He agreed and promised that he would pay 0.1 dollar for every bottle. Bruce and Alina were very happy even though they knew they would have a busy week.
They came to Mr Green's shop in the next seven days when they came back from school. On the morning of Mother's Day, they got the pay — 6.1 dollars.The boy also had 0.3 dollar saved.
So with a total of 6.4 dollars they walked about a mile to where a flower shop was located. When they came inside, someone asked what they wanted. They told him they wanted to buy some carnations for their mother. The boy reached into his pocket and pulled out their cash, asking if that would be enough.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
“But, your money is not enough！” said the shop assistant.




Paragraph 2：
“Wait a moment, please！” another gentleman waved to them.　






参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
“But, your money is not enough！” said the shop assistant. “Even for the smallest bunch？” Bruce asked quickly and eagerly, not believing his ears. “Not enough！” the shop assistant answered clearly, with the explanation that carnations were the most expensive flowers these days because of Mother's Day. They were too disappointed to hear that! Bruce hopelessly put the money back into his pocket.
Paragraph 2：
“Wait a moment, please！” another gentleman waved to them. “I just have some carnations on sale which are a little small but pretty. Would you like to have a look? Only two dollars! ” Bruce nodded at once. “Just a minute！” He went to the back and came out with a bunch of carnations with paper wrapping around the pot. He took only two dollars, and also gave a Mother's Day card as a gift. “Thank you very much，” Bruce bowed to the gentleman and they walked home proudly carrying the flowers for Mum. They couldn't wait to see her smiling face.


Section Ⅶ　Project and Video Time的学习模态
——用英语介绍中国(大熊猫)
　 　 Even if God closes all the doors, it will also leave you a window. Only you must
first have the spirit of never giving up can you find the chance to survive from the
jaws of death.
即便上帝关闭了所有的门，也会给你留下一扇窗。你自己必须首先拥有
永不言败的精神，才可能寻找到绝处逢生的机会。




用英语介绍中国——必用三句
1．Giant panda is a member of the bear family.
大熊猫属于熊科动物。
2．The giant panda is an endangered species.
熊猫属于濒危物种。
3．China used to give giant pandas to other countries as gifts.
中国过去常给其他国家送熊猫作为礼物。
　
①member n. 　　　　 成员
②endanger v. 使遭遇危险
③used to 过去常常　
用英语介绍中国——必通古今
Giant Panda 大熊猫
The giant panda is a bear native to centralwestern and southwestern China. It is easily recognized by its large, distinctive black patches (斑点) around its eyes, over the ears, and across its round body.
大熊猫是原产于中国中西部和西南部的熊科动物。熊猫很容易辨认出来，眼睛、耳朵和身体有大块的黑色毛皮。
Diet 食物
Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the giant panda's diet is over 99% bamboo. Giant pandas in the wild will occasionally eat other grass, wild tubers (块茎), or even meat in the form of birds, rodents or carrion.
尽管大熊猫属于食肉目，但是大熊猫99%的食物是竹子。野生大熊猫有时也吃草、块茎，甚至也吃鸟类、啮齿动物或腐肉。
Conservation 保护
The giant panda is among the world's most adored and protected rare animals, and is one of the few in the world whose natural inhabitant status was able to gain a UNESCO World Heritage Site designation (指定).
大熊猫是世界最受欢迎的稀有保护动物，是世界上的少数其栖息地被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产名录的动物。
用英语介绍中国——模拟对话
W: The pandas are very cute, aren't they?
M: Exactly. They're the most adorable animals.
W: 熊猫很可爱，对吗？
M: 没错。它们是最可爱的动物。
W: I think pandas are herbivores because they usually eat bamboo shoots.
M: Not true. They are carnivores, actually.
W: 我认为熊猫是食草动物，因为它们常吃竹笋。
M: 不正确。它们实际上是食肉动物。
W: Where is their habitat in the wild?
M: The pandas live in a few mountain ranges in western China.
W: 它们的野外栖息地在哪里？
M: 熊猫栖息于中国西部的山脉里。

①adorable adj.　　　　　　　 可爱的
②herbivore n. 食草动物
③bamboo shoot 竹笋
④carnivore n. 食肉动物
⑤habitat n. 栖息地
⑥mountain range 山脉　　



选择题部分(共95分)

第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The woman doesn't mind.
B．The woman can do much.
C．The woman has to agree.
2．Where are the two speakers?
A．In the office. B．On the phone.　C．At home.
3．What is the relationship between the hero and heroine in the play?
A．Husband and wife.
B．Brother and sister.
C．Strangers.
4．What are the two speakers going to do tomorrow afternoon?
A．Go to the park. B．Go shopping. C．See Joe and Linda.
5．How much will the woman pay for the chicken?
A．$5.25. B．$10.44. C．$15.75.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．When will the boy's dormitory be cleaned?
A．Right now.　　　　　
B．After school.
C．Tomorrow afternoon.
7．What does the woman think of living in a dirty dormitory?
A．The boys should be ashamed of themselves.
B．It is bad for their health.
C．There'll be a bad smell.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．How long has Irene stayed in the computer room?
A．A few hours.
B．Many hours.
C．The whole day.
9．What is Irene doing on the Internet?
A．Researching for her report.
B．Chatting on the BBS.
C．Writing the emails.
10．What is the woman's feeling about Irene?
A．Bored.　 B．Excited.　　C．Worried.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．How many suggestions has the man made?
A．3. B．4. C．5.
12．Why don't the two speakers go to a ballet?
A．They want to play cards.
B．They have no tickets.
C．They are hungry.
13．What will the two speakers do at last?
A．Play cards.
B．See an exhibition.
C．Have a meal.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．What is Shelly supposed to be?
A．A producer.
B．A secretary.
C．An office manager.
15．What does Shelly think of her job?
A．She always can't do well.
B．She should get a promotion.
C．She makes much and is given less.
16．What does the man think of Joan?
A．Critical. B．Selfish. C．Kind.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What is the program of Lollipops about?
A．News. B．Music. C．Sports.
18．What will be on at 8：20 pm?
A．Back to Square One.
B．Listeners' Letters.
C．Three's Company.
19．Whom is the interview with at 10：30 pm?
A．A sports star.
B．The Italian president.
C．The British prime minister.
20．What is the last program?
A．Music.
B．Discussion.
C．Weather forecast.
答案：1～5　CABBC　6～10　BBBBC
11～15　BBCCC　16～20　CBABC
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M: I hope you don't mind but I want very much to watch the game this coming Sunday.
W: I certainly do, but there's not much I can do about it, is there?
(Text 2)
M: Are you looking for someone?
W: Yes, I need to speak to Neil. He isn't in this office.
M: He is talking to the boss at the moment.
(Text 3)
W: What was the play about?
M: Well, this woman met this man ...
W: Oh, a love story as usual!
M: Actually they were brother and sister, but they hadn't seen each other since they were babies because their parents broke up and took one child each.
(Text 4)
W: This is a beautiful park. Shall we come again tomorrow?
M: Don't we have to go shopping?
W: We can do that in the afternoon, and come here in the morning.
M: OK. And let's bring Joe and Linda with us.
(Text 5)
W: I want one pound of pork and three pounds of chicken.
M: The pork is $3.48 a pound and the chicken is $5.25 a pound.
W: OK, I think that will be all for me today.
(Text 6)
W: Would you like to go skating with me this afternoon?
M: Oh, I'd love to, but we're going to clean our dormitory as soon as school is over.
W: Maybe another time. People say that boys' dormitories are in a mess, is it true?
M: In fact, our dormitory is much worse than they can be described.
W: It's hard for me to imagine. How can you stand that?
M: You'll get used to it gradually.
W: Oh my god, don't you know that such living environment is not healthy?
M: Yes, we do. That's why we have a cleaning every three months.
W: Three months? Incredible!
(Text 7)
W: Where is Irene? I haven't seen her all day.
M: She's in the computer room using the Internet.
W: Recently, she has been spending hours on the Internet every day.
M: She's probably just getting some facts for her report.
W: No, she's just wasting all her time on the BBS or in one of those discussion groups. And yesterday, she was using the Internet to do some shopping!
M: If you're really worried, let's go and get her out. We can persuade her to do something else.
W: OK, but you have to wait a minute. First I have to check my email.
(Text 8)
M: All right. Let's go to the new car exhibition. I haven't seen it yet.
W: I have, and I don't want to see it again.
M: OK, what about a ballet? There's a good one this evening at the Grand Theatre.
W: But it's too expensive. Besides, we have no tickets.
M: Let's play cards.
W: Only two of us? Oh, no!
M: Then what do you want to do? I've suggested so many things. Now it's your turn to make a suggestion.
W: I'm hungry, and I can't think of anything except food.
M: Why didn't you say so before? Let's go to Pizza Hut. It tastes so nice.
W: That's the best suggestion of all! And after we've eaten we can think of something exciting to do.
(Text 9)
M: Hey, what's wrong, Shelly? You look pretty mad.
W: Do I look mad? Well, I guess I am pretty mad.
M: Why? What's the matter?
W: Oh, it's Joan! Look at my job description — Office Manager. But what am I doing? I'm creating production schedules ... I'm doing market research ... writing reports that aren't in my job description.
M: Well, you're right. It's not an office manager or a secretary's job. That's a producer's job.
W: Well, I'm certainly not making a producer's salary! I'm making much, much less.
M: Shelly, do you think Joan's going to come in here right now and say，“Shelly, honey, you are so great, you are so fantastic! Please, let me give you more money！”
W: No, of course not!
M: No. Joan will only give you more money if you ask for it. She's not that kind of critical or selfish woman.
(Text 10)
M: Good evening. After the news at 6 o'clock there is another chance to hear Lollipops — a program of music and song recorded at this year's summer festival in Manchester. Then at 7：00 pm you can listen to Mary Silverton with this week's edition of Round the World, in which she looks at recent political events in Japan. At 8：00 you can hear Listeners' Letters, the program in which we read out your letters about last week's programs.After that at 8：20, there is a change to our advertised program. Instead of Graham Brown's new play, Three's Company, which will be broadcast at a later date.You can now hear the well­known and extremely funny Back to Square One, a short play by Edmund Lodge about the relationship between two sisters Anna and Helen. At 9 o'clock there's the news summary followed by this week's Concert Choice. At 10：00 pm there's Sports Special, half an hour of the latest news on football and tennis.At 10：30 you can hear an interview with the Italian president, who's been visiting Britain this week and at 11 o'clock there's our nightly discussion program with Bill Holmes.Shortly before midnight you can hear the final news of the day followed by the weather forecast. So do please join us.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Gertrude Chandler listened. Another train was passing her house in Putnam, Connecticut. She loved living across the street from the railway station.
Sometimes, Gertrude was ill and had to stay home from school. When she was not feeling well, books were her friends. One day in 1899, while she was reading a book, Gertrude, at the age of 9, glanced (瞥) out the window at a train. She could see inside its last car. She saw a small stove (炉子), cups, and a coffee pot. How comfortable it looked! It was like a little home. Wouldn't it be wonderful to live in a boxcar?
After high school, Gertrude decided to find a job. She had always loved to write. Soon she was writing for a newspaper in her town. Later, at age twenty­six, she wrote her first real book. With her sister Frances, Gertrude wrote more books. Most of these were for grown­up readers.
In 1924, Gertrude wondered again about living in a train car. She decided to write a story called The Boxcar Children. The characters in the book were called the Alden children. They were named Henry, Jessie, Violet, and Benny. Afraid of living with a grandfather they had never met, the Alden children made a home for themselves in an old red boxcar they discovered in the woods. The oldest boy Henry worked in a nearby town to buy food and other things they needed. The brave children made a happy life for themselves and had many adventures (奇遇) together. When Gertrude became a teacher, she read the boxcar book to her pupils.
During the next thirty years, Gertrude wrote eighteen more books about the boxcar children. She died in 1979, but her well­loved books live on. The adventures of Henry, Jessie, Violet, and Benny still bring smiles to the faces of young readers.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。格特鲁德·钱德勒住在铁路边，路过的火车使她幻想生活在火车车厢中的情景。随后，她创作了《棚车少年》系列作品，让书中的人物替自己实现了儿时的梦想。
21．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Why Gertrude's family lived near a train station.
B．How Gertrude got the idea of living in a boxcar.
C．Why Gertrude's friends were mostly books.
D．How Gertrude spent her days off school.
解析：选B　段落大意题。由第二段可知，格特鲁德生病在家看书时，瞥见窗外路过的火车的最后一节车厢，里面的陈设很温馨，给人一种小家的感觉，于是她便幻想住在火车车厢中会不会很棒。因此，本段主要介绍格特鲁德是如何产生住在火车车厢中这个想法的。
22．What happened to the Alden children?
A．They had to support themselves.
B．They lived in a boxcar on a train.
C．They had no families to live with.
D．They had many adventures on a train.
解析：选A　推理判断题。由第四段中的“the Alden children made a home ... in the woods”和“The oldest boy Henry worked ... things they needed”可知，这几个孩子独自住在森林里的一节废弃车厢里，年长的哥哥通过打工来维持兄妹几个的生活。
23．What can we learn about Gertrude Chandler?
A．She wrote most of her books with Frances' help.
B．She dropped out of school at a very young age.
C．She is known for her books for children.
D．She liked travelling by train.
解析：选C　细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Gertrude wrote eighteen more books about the boxcar children”和“her well­loved books live on”可知，格特鲁德所著的《棚车少年》系列儿童读物在她去世后依然流传于世，且倍受喜爱。
B
You may ride your bicycle in a rush to get to school every morning. You may fight to get a bit of space on a bus or on the subway. You may also watch taxis crawl their way through traffic jams.
No matter where you are, all big cities around the world have traffic jams these days. Although they all have their problems, many cities also have a type of transport that has become a cultural icon (象征物)．
In London, to avoid the traffic jams above ground, people use the “underground”， also called the “tube”. The city has the oldest and most complicated underground railway systems in the world and the underground is the pride of many Londoners. With 12 lines and 275 stations across the city, the underground, is normally the quickest and easiest way of getting across London. In London, you are never far from a tube station.
New York is famous for its yellow cabs. They serve as a quick and easy way of getting across Manhattan, where the subway doesn't take you everywhere. Stopping a cab is easy; just stick out your arm like what you do in any other cities. But, with over 12,000 yellow cabs in the Big Apple, New York also has traffic jams.
Since 1873 when the first cable car started public service, the slow and noisy vehicle has been a symbol of San Francisco. Although once damaged by a serious earthquake and challenged by cars, the cable car is never caught in traffic jams, and it provides better views than the subway.
But there are no such symbols in Los Angeles. If you visit this city, you'd better rent a car. The city's public transport is terrible. It can take hours to get across the town by bus. The subway covers just a small part of the city centre. The light rail line only runs between the Long Beach Hotel and the city centre. That's why Angelenos (洛杉矶人) love their private cars more than any other people in the world.
语篇解读：本文是说明文，介绍了几个外国大城市的公共交通状况。
24．If you have a chance to visit London and want to avoid the traffic jams, you'd better ________.
A．ride a bicycle B．take a taxi
C．take the subway D．rent a car
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容可知，在伦敦，为了避开地面上拥挤的交通，人们都会选择乘坐地铁。它包括12条线路和275个车站，是畅游伦敦最简便快捷的途径。故选C。
25．Which type of transport has become a cultural icon of the Big Apple?
A．The noisy vehicles. B．Cable cars.
C．The subway. D．Yellow cabs.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，纽约最著名的交通工具是yellow cabs。坐这种车出行快速、简便，你只需一招手便可以打到车。故D项正确。
26．People in Los Angeles like to hire private cars because of the following EXCEPT that ________.
A．the public transport is terrible
B．it is not expensive to take a private car
C．the subway covers a small part of the city centre
D．people have to spend hours getting across Los Angeles by bus
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章的最后一段可知，这个城市的公共交通状况糟透了：坐公交车穿越整个城市需要好几个小时；地铁只覆盖了市中心的一小部分。故B项符合题意。
27．The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．how big cities in foreign countries develop their transport
B．how people in cities avoid traffic jams
C．why London has the oldest and most complicated subway systems
D．why people call New York the Big Apple
解析：选B　主旨大意题。根据文章的第一、二段内容可知，本文的中心话题是世界上所有的大城市现在都有交通问题。为解决这一难题，作者列举了伦敦、纽约、旧金山和洛杉矶等一些大城市的做法。由此可知，B项为最佳选项。
C
When it comes to learning a foreign language, many people wonder if they will be able to memorize enough vocabulary. But this question never happens about their mother tongue, and yet, it was a foreign language once. However, among all the questions that new parents ask, no doctor has ever heard：“Will my baby be able to learn my language？” Be honest, do you know all the words of your mother tongue? The answer is：“No.”
New words, and new ways of using old words, appear every day. Twenty years ago, who would have been able to understand a sentence like this：“Click here to download your digital book”？ Nobody. You never stop learning new vocabulary and you never know how long you will need it.
Sometimes, you have the word on the tip of your tongue ... and it sticks there! But you do know this phenomenon (现象) and don't think that it is because of a bad memory. You should not give this phenomenon more importance in the language you are learning than in your mother tongue.
You need to learn only 2,000 or so basic words to be able to create any phrase you need. You can't avoid some work in order to learn these necessary words and all the more if you want to learn quickly. And before you consider buying into any method, be sure it is right for you. It is not wise to depend on any methods baseds upon mnemonics (记忆术). The first words seem very easy to learn, so you buy the course, but then you discover quickly, though too late, that a dozen words later, it is all the more difficult to learn a new word.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了外语学习中的词汇学习问题。
28．To learn a foreign language, the author advises you ________.
A．to remember new words appearing every day
B．to keep up with new ways of using old words
C．to learn at least 2,000 necessary words
D．to pay more attention to your bad memory
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“You need to learn only 2,000 or so basic words to be able to create any phrase you need.”可知，C项为正确答案。
29．The author's attitude to mnemonics is________.
A．supportive　　 B．neutral
C．opponent D．indifferent
解析：选C　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“It is not wise to depend on any method based upon mnemonics (记忆术)．”可知，作者对记忆术是持否定态度的。
30．The passage is mainly about________.
A．using old words in a new way
B．learning new words from the context
C．finding a method to memorize vocabulary
D．learning vocabulary of a foreign language
解析：选D　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了学习外语时遇到的问题，人们总是担心自己记忆的词汇量不够，但是一个人对自己母语的词汇也并不能全认识，所以没有必要担心词汇量的问题，只要掌握一些基本的词汇就可以了，故D项符合主旨。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A dog's mind is only equal to that of a two­year­old baby.__31__ Therefore, they are probably the first to notice any change in the behaviour of their masters. Let's do some deep digging to understand the amazing ability of a dog.
They sense your feelings. Isn't it strange？__32__ This is true. A study published in the Animal Cognition journal says that dogs are known to come to people who appear sad or depressed. It doesn't matter if the person is their owner or a stranger. They have an ability to sense sadness and are attracted to troubled souls.
__33__ Dogs can easily tell when you're playing with favourites, and if you reward or play more with other pets, your dog might notice it and feel uncomfortable.As they can't say how they feel, they'll scratch (挠), yawn or lick their mouths.
They smell fear. Let's say you are faced with your worst fear. Would you get scared and run away or just face it？Before choosing how to deal with it, you should remember one thing. __34__ Research shows that dogs often sense their masters' responses in dangerous situations. If you fear something and choose to back away, chances are that your pet is going to do the same thing.
They're watching you.We are all raised as respectable individuals who are taught to respect elders, obey the law and help out people in need from time to time. __35__ But if you have a dog at home, it is time to be serious about them. Dogs like generous people. So just be careful around your pet; it may judge you on how you behave with others.
A．They sense health problems.
B．They understand when ignored.
C．They know when no one's looking at them.
D．You would be setting an example to your pet.
E．Every time you feel sad, your dog just knows it.
F．But dogs are able to sense everything around them.
G．However, not all of us take these three things seriously.
语篇解读：本文主要向我们介绍了狗的一些令人惊奇的能力。
31．选F　根据第一段的“Therefore, they are probably the first to notice any change in the behaviour of their masters.”可知，第一段主要讲了狗能感知它们周围的任何东西。因此，它们能很快地感知主人行为的任何变化，故选F。
32．选E　根据此空后面的“A study published in the Animal Cognition journal says that dogs are known to come to people who appear sad or depressed.”可知，此段讲的是狗更能感知人的悲伤。当你不开心时，你的狗都能感知到，故选E。
33．选B　根据第三段的“Dogs can easily tell when you're ... notice it and feel uncomfortable.”可知，当你忽视了你的宠物狗时，它们都能感知到。
34．选D　根据此段的“Research shows that dogs often ... pet is going to do the same thing.”可知，当你遇到危险的状况时，狗狗也能感知你的反应。同样，当遇到危险的时候，它也会和你做出一样的反应。因此，你应该为你的宠物树立一个好的榜样。
35．选G　根据最后一段的“We are all raised as respectable individuals who are taught to respect elders, obey the law and help out people in need from time to time.”可知，这里提到了三件事，故选G。
第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
With an old wallet in his hand, a beggar was asking for some coins to buy something to eat along the street. He kept __36__ why those who had so much money were never __37__ and were always desiring more. “If I had enough to __38__ and to wear, I wouldn't want anything more，” he said.
Just then Goddess Fortune came down the __39__ and saw the beggar. She said, “I've wished to __40__ you for long. Now, open your __41__ and I'll pour gold into it. But all that falls into the wallet will be pure __42__ while all falling upon the __43__ shall become dust. Understand？”
“Yes，” said the beggar.
“You should __44__！ Your wallet is a __45__ one, so don't load it too heavily，” said the Goddess Fortune.
The excited beggar could __46__ wait to have gold. He quickly opened his wallet, and a __47__ of gold was poured into it. The wallet grew heavier.
“Is that enough? Isn't it cracking？” asked the Goddess Fortune.
“Never __48__. It's still strong enough，” answered the beggar.
The wallet was filled with so much gold that the beggar's hands began to __49__. “If only the golden stream would __50__ forever! Just a little more! __51__ just a handful or two，” said the beggar.
“It's full. The wallet will __52__，” warned the Goddess Fortune. But the beggar requested, “It will __53__ a little more.”
Some more gold was added and the wallet split (裂开). The __54__ fell upon the ground and became dust. The beggar had nothing but his __55__ wallet.
语篇解读：一个乞丐有幸得到了幸运女神的帮助，然而他贪得无厌，不懂得适可而止，最终一无所有。
36．A.showing　　　　 B．explaining
C．proving D．wondering
解析：选D　该空后的“... why those ... were always desiring more.”是这个乞丐想要知道的，故选wondering。
37．A.relaxed B．satisfied
C．worried D．depressed
解析：选B　根据该空后的“and were always desiring more”可知，此处指有很多钱的人永不“满足”，总是想要更多。
38．A.learn B．watch
C．eat D．play
解析：选C　根据文章首句中的“to buy something to eat”可知，他说自己的钱如果够他“吃”、够他穿，他就不会想要更多。
39．A.street B．bridge
C．yard D．forest
解析：选A　根据第一段第一句中的“along the street”可知，当时这个乞丐正沿街乞讨，这时幸运女神沿着“街道”走来，两人相遇了。
40．A.praise B．forgive
C．help D．welcome
解析：选C　根据下文提到的幸运女神给了乞丐金子可推知，此处幸运女神说她很久之前就想“帮助”乞丐了。
41．A.coat B．pocket
C．box D．wallet
解析：选D　根据下文的“all that falls into the wallet”可知，幸运女神让乞丐打开“钱袋”。
42．A.joy B．luck
C．water D．gold
解析：选D　联系上一句中的“I'll pour gold into it”可知，所有掉进钱袋里的金子都会变成纯“金”。
43．A.hand B．ground
C．face D．table
解析：选B　根据最后一段的“fell upon the ground and became dust”可知，掉到“地面”上的金子将会变成尘土。
44．A.look out B．stand up
C．stay out D．wake up
解析：选A　根据下一句中幸运女神提出的建议“don't load it too heavily”可知，幸运女神提醒乞丐要“小心”。
45．A.small B．smelly
C．worn D．full
解析：选C　联系第一段第一句中的“an old wallet”和最后一段的“the wallet split”可知，钱袋“用旧了”，所以要小心，不能装太沉的东西。
46．A.actually B．hardly
C．clearly D．mostly
解析：选B　联系该空前的“excited”和下一句中的“He quickly opened his wallet”可知，乞丐迫不及待地想拥有金子，故选hardly。
47．A.stream B．piece
C．pair D．bag
解析：选A　根据该空后的“was poured into it”可知，幸运女神将一些金子倒进了乞丐的钱袋。a stream of意为“一连串，一些”。
48．A.leave B．request
C．fear D．know
解析：选C　根据该空后的“It's still strong enough”可知，乞丐告诉幸运女神不要“担心”。
49．A.spread B．close
C．hide D．shake
解析：选D　根据该空前的“The wallet was filled with so much gold”可知，钱袋里装的金子太多了，以至于乞丐的手开始“颤抖”。
50．A.pour B．end
C．dry D．race
解析：选A　联系上文的“gold was poured into it”和文中暗示的乞丐的贪婪可知，他希望金子会一直“涌进”他的钱袋。
51．A.Take B．Add
C．Lend D．Send
解析：选B　根据该空前的“Just a little more！”可知，乞丐让幸运女神继续往他的钱袋里倒金子，即往里面“增加”金子。
52．A.flow B．burst
C．disappear D．change
解析：选B　联系上一句“It's full.”可知，钱袋已经满了，它要“爆裂”了。
53．A.attract B．permit
C．include D．hold

解析：选D　联系上一句中幸运女神的劝告和下一段提到的钱袋裂开了可知，乞丐对幸运女神的警告不屑一顾，认为钱袋还能“装下”金子。
54．A.present B．food
C．treasure D．jewel
解析：选C　联系第二段幸运女神所说的话可知，由于乞丐不听劝告，金子(即“财宝”)掉到了地上，变成了尘土。
55．A.broken B．magical
C．mistaken D．colourful
解析：选A　根据最后一段第一句中的“the wallet split”可知，最后这个乞丐只剩下那个“坏掉的”钱袋了。
非选择题部分(共55分)

第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sometimes homework can become a battle __56__ parents and children. Kids often appear to put off homework to the very last minute, while their parents are __57__ (worry) that they may fail at school if not __58__ (treat) it seriously and timely. The result seems to be conflict.
As parents, you should give your children a chance to talk about their schoolwork. Even if you know nothing about __59__ particular subject, you can still help just by talking and listening and helping them find their own answers. If you do not understand the work they __60__ (give), use the Internet or ask friends and family to take a look.
It is important to help your children keep to a routine. Some children prefer to do homework __61__ (direct) after school while others prefer to play first, and do homework __62__. Let your children decide what is right for them. Try to create a suitable place __63__ they can do homework, somewhere with good lighting and no __64__ (interrupt)．
If your children have specific learning needs and you feel the homework is an issue, make an appointment with the teacher as soon as you can __65__ (ask) for some advice.
语篇解读：孩子们常常把作业留到最后一分钟去做，而父母经常督促他们写作业，父母怎样做更合适呢？
56．between　有时候家庭作业会成为父母和孩子之间的一场斗争。between ... and ...意为“在……和……之间”，是固定搭配。
57．worried　父母担心他们如果不及时认真地对待家庭作业的话，他们可能会在学校考试不及格。所填词作表语，且用来形容人，故用形容词worried “担忧的”。
58．treating　if引导的条件状语从句用了省略形式，主句和从句主语都是they，且they与treat “对待，处理”是主谓关系，故用现在分词。
59．a　即使你对一个特定的学科一无所知，你仍然可以通过交谈、倾听和帮助他们找到自己的答案来实施帮助。句中的“subject”是可数名词，表示“学科”，此处表示泛指，因此用不定冠词修饰。
60．are given/have been given　如果你不明白给他们布置的作业，就用互联网或者让朋友和家人看一看。本句中的“they”指孩子们，give与they是动宾关系，因此用被动语态。可用一般现在时表示对事实情况进行一般性的陈述，也可用现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响。
61．directly　一些孩子喜欢放学后就直接做作业。directly“直接地”，为副词修饰动词do。
62．later　而其他孩子喜欢先玩，随后再做作业。根据语境和前面的“play first”可知，这里有比较明显的先后关系，故用later “随后，然后”。
63．where　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
64．interruption(s)　此处指“光线好且不受打扰的某个地方”。依据句中的“no”可知这里需要填名词，故填interrupt的名词(复数)形式。
65．to ask　尽快约一下老师以寻求建议。不定式to ask for some advice作目的状语，表示“make an appointment”的目的。
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：应用文写作(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你注意到你们学校的学生很少进行英语文学阅读。请用英语给全校同学写一封倡议书，倡导大家多阅读英语文学作品。内容包括：
1．介绍现状；
2．你对英语文学阅读的看法；
3．发出倡议。
注意： 1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。




参考范文：
My fellow students，
Currently, most students in our school read little English literature, not only because they consider it too difficult, but because they don't think it necessary. In my view, however, English literature is what we can't afford to miss. It offers us an opportunity to appreciate the beauty of English and have a taste of a different culture. Better yet, it allows us to communicate with those great minds.
I hereby appeal to every one of you to read more and you won't regret it!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第二节：读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
We went to Darjelling during the summer holidays and booked a cottage (农舍) for our stay. Our cook Gopi came with us because we could not do without home­cooked meals.
Usually all the shopping was done by our home help — Bharat,_who had accompanied (陪伴) us to our holiday destination. However, one early evening, my_mother decided to do all the vegetable shopping by herself. She believed that Bharat did not wait to check the really fresh items and instead, bought randomly in a hurry. As a result, the vegetables he brought back were not fresh.
After getting ready, she took her favourite purse with quite an amount of money,_thinking she could go to other shops too after finishing at the vegetable market. My mother asked Bharat to get a rickshaw for her and on reaching the market,_she asked the_rickshaw_wallah (人力车车夫) to wait for her. She took a coolie and did her shopping happily, choosing some of the freshest green vegetables available there. At last, her shopping was done. She returned to the rickshaw and sat on it while the coolie put all the things my mother had bought onto the rickshaw.
On reaching home, Bharat took all the packets of vegetables inside and my mother quickly paid the rickshaw wallah and got off, forgetting to collect her purse from the_seat of the rickshaw. The rickshaw wallah left soon after saying goodbye to my mother. All of us greeted my mother and asked her about her evening of shopping with much delight.
Then we began to help my mother prepare our dinner. My father came to help chop the meat; I helped wash the vegetables; we were talking and laughing. When dinner was about to be announced, it was late in the evening, almost 9 pm.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
Then my mom realized her purse was missing.　




Paragraph 2：
We were just about to begin eating when the door bell rang.　




参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
Then my mom realized her purse was missing. She looked everywhere for it and suddenly remembered that after paying the_rickshaw_wallah,_she kept the purse on the_seat before getting off. She had forgotten to pick up her purse which contained a lot of money. When my father came to know about this, he said that it was too late to look for the rickshaw wallah. We all decided that it was better to forget it. Mom felt sad and worried while sitting for dinner.
Paragraph 2：
We were just about to begin eating when the door bell rang. Bharat opened the door and called my_mother to see who it was. To our surprise, it was the poor rickshaw wallah standing at our entrance with a big smile on his weather­beaten face. He had the purse in his hand. He explained that he had returned to the market before he realized what had happened. When my mother opened her purse, she found all the cash in it. We wanted to reward the lovely man but he smiled and said, “Madam, I'm poor but not a thief” and went away quickly.