2021届高考英语二轮复习专题讲义全程跟踪 专题九 并列连词和状语从句

2021届高考英语二轮复习专题讲义全程跟踪

专题九 并列连词和状语从句

命题规律与趋势

命题规律

1. 2020新高考I卷及近五年课标卷在语篇型填空中对并列连词的重点考查内容是and, but, or, so的用法以及一些固定搭配。

2. 2020年新高考I卷及近五年课标卷在语篇型填空中对于状语从句的考查重点测试了学生对逻辑关系的精准判断。

命题趋势

对并列连词的考查仍会成为以后高考的热点和重点；而对状语从句的考查比例可能会增加。

考点

一、并列连词

1.表并列

表示并列关系的连词有 and, both. . .and . . . , as well as等，其中要重点掌握and的用法：

（1）当连接三个以上并列的成分时，一般在最后两者之间加and, 其余用逗号分开；

Solid, liquid and gas are the three states of matter. 固体、液体和气体是物质的三种状态。

（2）“go (come, stop 等）＋and+动词”结构中，“and+动词”相当于“to+动词”；

I'll go and bring back your boots. =I'll go to bring back your boots. 我去把你的靴子拿回来。

（3）“动词＋and+同一个动词”表示动作长时间地“继续”或“重复”；

We waited and waited. 我们等了又等。

（4）“祈使句＋and+陈述句”相于“if从句＋主句”。

Work hard and you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 努力工作，你就会成功。

2. 表递进

表示递进关系的并列连词有 not only. . .but also . . . , neither . . . nor . . .等。

Neither Anna nor I am interested in dancing. 安娜和我都对跳舞不感兴趣。

He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read.

他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。

3. 表选择 

表示选择关系的并列连词有 or, either. . . or . . . 等。

其中重点掌握or的用法：

（1）表示选择，意为“或，还是”：

Would you like tea or coffee? 你想喝茶还是咖啡？

（2）（用于警告或忠告）否则，不然；“祈使句＋or（else）+陈述句”相当于“if. . .not+主句”：

Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. =If you don't hurry up, you'll be late for school.

快点，否则你上学就要迟到了。

4. 表转折

表示转折关系的并列连词有 but, yet, whereas等。

Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now.

简说她生病了，但刚才我在街上看到了她。

Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.

有一些研究结果令人满意，然而其他的则不然。

此外，but 还可用于“I'm sorry but. . .”，“Excuse me, but. . .”句型中。

I am sorry but I won't be able to come tonight. 对不起我今晚不能来。

注意：

although/though 不能与 but连用，但可以和yet连用。

Although I live alone, yet I am very happy.=I live alone, but I am very happy.

我虽然一个人生活，但很愉快。

5. 表对比

表示对比关系的并列连词有while.

He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.

他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。

6. 表因果

表示因果关系的并列连词有so, for等。

It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.

昨晚一定下雨了，因为到处都是湿的。

The shops were closed, so I didn't get any milk.

商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。

7. when 也可用作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”， 相当于and at this/that time。

常用句式

sb. was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth. when. . .

sb. was doing sth. when. . .

sb. had just done sth. when. . .

We were having a meeting when someone broke in.

我们正在开会，这时有人闯了进来。

We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.

我们正要动身，天突然开始下雨。

I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me.

我刚写完作业，汤姆就来找我了。

练习：1. Shall we go out to the cinema ________ stay at home?

2. Henry is very smart, ________ many of his classmates like him.

3. Work hard, _______ you will be admitted to a key university.

4. Hurry up, _________ you will miss the bus.

答案：1. or 2. so 3. and 4. or

二、状语从句

1. 时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的连词有when, while, as, before, after, until, as soon as, since, the moment,

instantly, once等。

（1）when, while, as

①when 既可引导一个持续性动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生的情况。

When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.

我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。

When the film ended, the people went back.

电影一结束，看电影的人便回去了。

②when 引导时间状语从句，还可意为“正在这时”， 表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.

be about to do...when... 正准备做某事，这时……

be doing...when... 正在做某事，这时……

be on the point of doing. . .when. . . 正要做某事，这时……

had just done. . .when. . . 刚做完某事，这时……

Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.

汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。

③while 引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。

Please don't talk so loud while others are working. 别人工作时，别高声谈话。

④as引导一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。

John sings as he works.

约翰一边工作，一边唱歌。

（2）as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, no sooner... than ..., hardly/scarcely...when..., immediately, directly, instantly的用法

这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”，从句中可用一般时态代替将来时态。

The moment she arrives, we can start. 她一到，我们就可以开始。

No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. 我们一到车站，火车就出发了。

The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 男孩一看到他的母亲就哭了。

（3）till, until和 not. . .until的用法

①在肯定句中，主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，意为“某动作一直延续到某点才停止”。

 You may stay here till/until the rain stops. 你得在这里待到雨停。

②在否定句中，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。

He won't go to bed till/until she returns. 直到她回来，他才睡。

③not...until 句型中的强调和倒装说法。

It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. （强调句型）

=Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. 直到你告诉我，我才知道这个消息。 （not until置于句首，主句要倒装）

（4）before和since的用法

①连词before表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；趁……还没……”。

Before they reached the station, the train had gone.

他们（还没）到达火车站前，火车就已经开走了。

We hadn't run a mile before he felt tired.

我们跑了还不到一英里，他就累了。

Please write it down before you forget it.

趁你现在没忘，把它记下来。

②before的句型：It will be+时间段+before从句，表示“多久之后才……”。It won't be long before从句，表示“不久之后将……”

It will be half a year before I come back. 半年后我才回来。

It won't be long before we meet again. 不久后我们将再见面。

③since 的句型：It is/has been+时间段+since从句。若从句谓语为非延续性动词，表示“自从……有多久”；若从句的谓语为延续性动词，表示“自从动作结束/完成……有多久了”， 常译为“自从不……有多久了”。

It is three years since the war broke out. 战争爆发以来，有三年了。

It is three years since he lived here. 他不在这儿住已经有三年了。
（5）every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time的用法

这些短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。

Every time I meet her I always forget her name. 每次我见到她时，我总忘了她的名字。

Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.

下次你来时，一定记住把你的儿子带来。

You are welcome to come back any time you want to.

你想回来随时可以回来。
练习：1. _________ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.

2. For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, _________ for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.

3. Over time, ________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.

4. Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him ______ he came back from hospital.

5. ________ the little panda cried, the mother rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.

6. ________ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.

7. If you miss this chance, it may be years ________ you get another one.

8. I believe you will have a wonderful time here ________ you get to know everyone else.

答案：1. As 2. while 3. as/when 4. after 5. When/If 6. Once 7. before 8. once

2. 地点状语从句

（1）地点状语从句可用 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等引导。地点状语从句可用于主句之前或之后。

You are free to go wherever you like. 你愿意去哪里就去哪里。

Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire. 无火不生烟。（即无风不起浪。）

（2）注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。

where引导的地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中 where 作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。

You'd better make a mark at the place where you have some questions. (定语从句）

=You'd better make a mark where you have some questions. (状语从句）

你最好在你有问题的地方做个标记。

3. 原因状语从句

（1）引导原因状语从句的连词有 because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that等。

①because 语气最强，表示必然的因果关系。

 I was absent from the meeting because I was ill. 我缺席会议了，因为我生病了。

②since语气稍弱，表示对方已知晓的原因或事实，意为“既然；由于”。

Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting. 既然大家都到场了，我们开始开会吧。

③as语气最弱，往往是不明显的原因，只是对结果的附带说明。

As it is raining, we shall not go to the park. 因为下雨了，所以我们不能去公园。

④considering (that) ,seeing (that), now (that) 和since的意义相似，都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。

Considering (that) everybody is here, let's begin our discussion.

鉴于大家都到场了，我们开始讨论吧。

Now (that) you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents.

鉴于你已经长大成人，你不应该依赖你父母了。

（2）其他表示原因的方式

除了状语从句外，一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有：because of, thanks to, due to, owing to等。

Because of the weather, we had to put off the sports meeting.

由于天气原因，我们不得不推迟运动会。

练习：1. After the war, a new school building was put up _________ there had once been a theatre.

2. I have kept the portrait _________ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.

3. I did it ________ he had told me to.

4. ________ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.

答案：1. where 2. where 3. because 4. Now

4. 目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest等。

（1）in order that与so that

两个连词都意为“以便……，为了……”， 引导的状语从句中需用情态动词；in order that 比 so that 正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that 引导的从句只能置于主句之后。

I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me. 我会说慢点儿以便你能理解我。

In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.

为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发去山顶了。

（2）for fear that与in case

这些从属连词本身带有否定意义，意为“以免，以防，以防万一”， 相当于 so that…not…, 或in order that…not…；谓语动词有时也用“should/might/could+动词原形”。

The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.

男孩躲在树后以免他的父亲看到他。

Take your raincoat in case/for fear that it should rain.

带上雨衣，以防下雨。

5. 结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的词主要有 so, so…that…, such…that… , so that等。

 （1）so . . .that. . .

常用句型有：

so+形容词+ that…；

so+副词+that…；

so many/few/much/little十名词＋that…；

so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that …

The text was so boring that I gave up reading it half way through.

这个剧本真枯燥，我读到一半便放弃了。

He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare money.

他的工资很少，他的家人不得不靠救济金生活。

He is so clever a boy that we all like him. 他是一个如此聪明的男孩，我们都喜欢他。

He ran so fast that I fell behind. 他跑得如此快，以至于我落在后面。

（2）such. . .that. . .

常用句型有：such +a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that. . . ；

such+形容词+可数名词复数+that…；

such+形容词+不可数名词+that…

It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.

天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。

They are such good children that we all love them.

他们是些乖孩子，我们都喜欢他们。

It is such an interesting story that it attracts a lot of children.

这是如此有趣的故事，以至于吸引了许多孩子。

（3）so that

We moved to the country so that we were away from the noisy and dull city.

我们搬到了乡下，从而远离了吵闹、单调的城市。

I shouted loudly so that my son could hear my voice.

我大声喊为的是让儿子能听见我的声音。

注意：

（1）为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。

So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.

他是如此聪明的一个学生，以至于能解出所有难题。

（2）当so 或such 所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such . . . as to . . .

He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.

He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.

（3）除结果状语从句外，too. . . to . . . （太……而不能……），enough to. . . （达到某种程度可以……）等结构同样可以表示结果。

He didn't get up early enough to catch the bus. = He got up too late to catch the bus.

他起床太晚了，没能赶上那班公交车。

练习：1. I took my driving license with me on holiday, in _________ I wanted to hire a car.

2. She finally ran away for ________ that her parents would scold her.

3. 用so或such填空。

①It was ________ a cold night that we stayed at home.

②He is _________ smart a boy that I like him very much.

答案：1. case 2. fear 3. such；so

6. 条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if（假设；如果），unless（=if. . .not 除非），so/as long as（只要），in case（如果），on condition that（条件是），suppose/supposing (that)（假设），providing/provided that（如果）等。

You'll fail the exam unless you study hard (=if you don't study hard).

如果你不努力学习，你考试就会不及格。

As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed. 只要不灰心，你就会成功。

Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?

如果他们拒绝我们，那么我们还可以向谁求助呢？

In case there is a fire, what will you do first? 如果发生火灾，你们首先要做什么呢？

注意：

①如果only if引导的条件状语从句位于主句之前，主句用部分倒装；如果 only if 引导的条件状语从句位于主句之后，主句要用正常语序。

②当主句的时态是一般将来时，条件状语从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

I will go there tomorrow unless it rains. 除非下雨，否则明天我就去那儿。

7. 方式状语从句

引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though 等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中 as if 或as though 引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况与事实相符，一般不用虚拟语气。

Do as you are told, or you'll be fired.

按照要求做，否则你将被开除。

The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.

那个老太太对待那个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。

I feel as if I have a fever. 我感觉我好像发烧了。

练习：

1. __________ our manager objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.

2. You may use the room as you like ________ long as you clean it up afterwards.

3. Leave the table _______ it is.

4. Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as ________ he had done something very clever.

答案：1. Unless 2. as/so 3. as 4. if

8. 让步状语从句

（1）让步状语从句的引导词

引导让步状语从句主要由 although, though, as, even if, even though, while, no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever等引导。

Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。

We won't be discouraged even if/though we fail again. 即使再次失败，我们也不会泄气。

While I am willing to help you, I do not have enough time.

尽管我愿意帮你，可是我没有足够的时间。

The day will come no matter how long the night is. 不管黑夜有多长，白天终会到来。

Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管发生什么，他都不在意。

（2）as 引导的让步状语从句

as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词等需提前到从句句首，而且表语若是单数可数名词还要去掉冠词。though 引导的让步状语从句也可这样用，但 although不可以。

Intelligent as/though she was, she had not much insight. 虽然她聪明，但不是很有洞察力。

He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried.

虽然他努力了，但未能取得很大的进步。

Teacher as/though he is, he doesn't know everything. 虽然他是老师，但也不是无所不知，

Fail as/though I did, I would never give up. 尽管我失败了，但我不放弃。

（3）“no matter+疑问词”与疑问词-ever的区别

引导让步状语从句时，“no matter+疑问词”可以替换为疑问词－ever，但不是所有的疑问词-ever都可以替换为“no matter+疑问词”，因为疑问词-ever还可以引导名词性从句，“no matter+疑问词”则不可。

However/No matter how late he is, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

无论他回来得多晚，他妈妈总是等着他一起吃饭。

No matter what/Whatever you say, I will not believe you. 无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。

Whoever wants to go can write your name down here. 任何想去的人都可以把名字写在这里。

（whoever引导主语从句，不可替换成 no matter who）

注意：

（1）although与 though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet，still 或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。

Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.

虽然雨正下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。

（2）though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”， 置于句末。

He said he would come; he didn't, though.

他说他会来，可是没有来。

（3）when，while 也可作从属连词，表让步，while常用在句首，when常用在句中，相当于 although.

Suddenly, she stopped when she ought to have continued.

尽管她应该继续下去，她却突然停住了。

While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.

尽管我承认有问题，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。

（4）though引导让步状语从句时，还可使用倒装形式，和as的用法一致。

Old as/though he is, he works very hard. (=Although he is old, he works very hard.)

虽然他年纪大了，但工作非常努力。

练习：1. It was a nice meal, _________ a little expensive.

2. ____________ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.

答案：1. though 2. While/Although/Though