2021届高考英语一轮复习考点39阅读理解七选五二考点归纳 试卷

考点39 阅读理解七选五（二）
高考频度：★★★★★
【解题步骤2】
（1）在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾句，因为＂开门见山＂与＂末尾点题＂的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为＂结尾总结＂式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。
（2）做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。
（3）做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
（4）切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。
【解题策略】
（1）从意思上判断 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，正确理解了这些句子后，根据意思的连贯性、逻辑性或者线索词从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。
（2）从词汇上锁定线索 做保持对一些线索词的敏感是非常重要的，要好好关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。（3）从关联词作为切入点 通常，英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接，让文章的思路与更清楚、逻辑更连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立;而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。以下四类为常用的关联词，请大家一定要背熟：
　　（i）并列与递进：and, or, also，neither… nor…, either…or…,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same „as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more
　　（ii）因果：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course
　　（iii）转折让步：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of
        （ii）时间顺序：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the meantime, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。
5. 试题的位置不同，解题策略也不同
（1）若问题在段首 （i）通常是段落主题句。认真阅读该段落，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关词或者同义词，从而推测出主题句，找到答案。 （ii）与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找 相关特征词。一般来说正确答案与它后面的一句话的在意思上是衔接的，所以通常情况下，这两句话中会 有某种的衔接手段。 （iii）段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
（2）若问题在段尾 （i）空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。 （ii）通常是结论、概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词，如therefore, as a result, hence, thus, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 （iii）与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所 讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。 （vi）与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此 根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系 的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一 句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。（i）所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头 是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。（iv）如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主 题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。
（3）若问题是一整个自然段 （i）承上启下是这个段落的主要任务，且自成一体，所以会有一个该段落主旨。考生可以从选项中较长的选项开始阅读，以此类推直至找到正确答案。 （ii）着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头， 因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。 （iii）分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。
简单来说，最主要的两个步骤就是1.理清文章的逻辑和结构，2.在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。
【总结】
主旨大意把握好，读懂选项更重要
关键信息相匹配，核查排除不可少
经验一：前瞻后顾，寻找＂信号词＂，回到选择项中筛选。复现
经验二：浓缩句意，意义匹配，整体把握。同意
经验三：以段落为单位梳理文章脉络,留意文章的起承转合,逻辑及结构
经验四：＂7选5＂句子选择题正确选择项排列有一条不成文规律：选择项呈＂锯齿＂顺序排列，按照人们习惯，看了A就接着看B，接着看C，依此到G，而我们一般做题的正确答案都是＂参差不齐，错落有致＂的,
看了D之后不看E却看A，看E，看了E之后不看 F而看C。这可能是出题者为了干扰我们常规思维而设置的障碍，因此如果考试时间允许，我们可以拿这个来初步检验我们最后的答案是否＂正确＂。
这些技巧多练练就能孰能生巧。同学们学会了吗? 最后祝大家都能在今年的高考中取得好成绩!



题组一（2020年高考真题）
Passage1(2020·山东省高考英语试卷)
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.16．Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the “speaking. ” 17． Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.18．
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.19．And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
20．It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A．Do the opposite.
B．You want to be an effective public speaker.
C．You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D．When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G.However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.

Passage2(2020·新课标全国卷III)
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36． And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.
37． Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
38． This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39．
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 40． Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A．This isn’t usual though.
B．It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C．You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D．If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.

Passage3(2020·浙江省高考英语试卷（1月）)
Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.
31．For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for many people around the world.32．That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water，we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500，000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻)from dirty water. That's around 1，400 children every day！Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.33．Therefore，they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.
34．On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.35．People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A．We use water indirectly too.
B．Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C．It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems
D．If children walk many hours a day to get water，they can't go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way，they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.

题组二（2020年名校模拟题）
Passage1(2020·广东省汕头市2019届高三第二次模拟)
Rising through stages to realize ourselves
Many modern people have the problem that they don’t know who they are and what their purpose is. 1 . Once high school seniors graduate, they seem to lose their identity. They once studied hard. But after they stop working, they begin to lose their way.
In the theory of the Hierarchy of Needs（需求理论）, Abraham Maslo, put forward a similar situation, which consists of the five levels of a person’s need. The fifth and final level is self-realization, which is where our final achievement lies. 2
I think self- realization has three major aspects. The first stage is acceptance, the second stage is discovery and the last stage is perseverance.
Acceptance is the first stage. We should be reminded that we are all born unique, so we all have our own strengths and weaknesses. Only when we understand these, can we pursue them or
change them. 3
Once we’ve accepted ourselves, we can discover what we are interested in and what we want to be. 4 but indeed we should live for ourselves. So before we start working towards a purpose, we should ask ourselves “Is this what we truly desire?” and “Is this going to change the situation we’re in?”
The last stage is perseverance. 5 Those who can self-realize are people who focus on the things they want to change.
Through the three stages, we could gain recognition of ourselves. And by this point, whatever our lives were like, we would be able to stand tall, confident of ourselves.
A. It’s nothing to a man of perseverance
B. Only by acceptance of the past can we change it
C. This is especially common among college students
D. Many people tend to go along with social expectations
E. Being objective and yet tolerant is the key to acceptance
F. It is the process of knowing ourselves and finding a purpose
G. Exploring our potential isn’t going to be done in a short time
Passage2(2020广东番禺仲元中学高三月考）
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 1．Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?
2．They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. 3．In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.” 4．
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
5． An A-team may require a balance--not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.
A．It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B．Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.
C．The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention.
D．Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E.Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.

Passage3(2020·福建厦门高考模拟）
Reducing class size has traditionally been seen as an important way to improve a student’s educational experience. Many often believe that smaller classes would permit teachers to give more personal attention to their students. 61．.
But one recent study suggests there's not much research-based evidence to support this idea. The research was collected by a team from Denmark's Danish Center for Social Science Research.
The study notes that one of the main problems with reducing class size is that it can have very high costs. 2．. Financial limitations make it very difficult for many schools to reduce the number of students in the classroom.
The new study began by examining 127 studies on classroom size. Its goal was to examine the major research studies already completed on the subject. 3 ．. In the end, the research centered on 10 main studies with possible sampling (采样)problems.
The researchers concluded that there's some evidence to suggest that reducing class size may lead to some improvement in a student 's reading achievement. 4 ．. They found just a 53-percent chance that a randomly selected test score from a student from a small class would be higher than the selected score of a student from a larger class. 5 ．. This led the researchers to conclude that there would be no benefit at all to math students in a smaller class size.
A．But they said the effect is very small
B．For mathematics achievement, the result was 49 percent
C．This can theoretically lead to improved academic results for students
D．Many public opinion studies have shown teachers favor smaller class sizes
E. The effects of larger class size can stay long after the students complete their education
F. Increasing class size is one of the most common ways school systems control education spending
G. They especially centered on those trying to measure if smaller class size led to greater academic success

Passage4
（2020·湖北黄州黄冈中学高三二模）How to Active Brain Cells
Scientists used to think that your brain stopped growing new cells once you reached adulthood. Happily, current research shows that it isn’t true! As you get older, you can continue to grow new brain cells.
Get regular aerobic (有氧的) exercise.
Research shows that regular aerobic exercise over a long period of time can better stimulate brain cell growth than other forms of exercise. Add aerobic activities, such as swimming, power walking, or jogging, into your regular routine1．
Do stress-relieving activities.
Activities that reduce stress and give you a sense of wellbeing can encourage the growth of new brain cells.2． You can do some yoga, read your favorite book, or listen to relaxing music.
3．
Antioxidant-rich foods can prevent damage to your current brain cells and promote the growth of new, healthy cells. Omega 3 fatty acids may also help improve your brain health. Add plenty of brain-boosting foods into your diet, such as vegetable oils, nuts, green tea, blueberries and fatty fish.
Maintain an active social life.
4． It’s also good for your brain. Socializing helps keep your brain cells active, preventing some of the loss of brain function. If you can’t socialize in person, reach out to your friends over the phone or on social media.
Get plenty of good-quality life.
If you’re an adult, try to get 7 – 9 hours of sleep each night. If you’re a teen, aim for 8 – 10.
Your brain heals itself from the day’s stresses while you sleep.5．You can improve your sleep by going to bed and waking up at the same time every day.
A．Spending time with friends isn’t just enjoyable.
B．Eat foods rich in antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids.
C．Any kind of head injury may put you at risk for brain damage.
D．Try to do things that bring you pleasure and help you relax every day.
E.For example, you might aim for 30 minutes of jogging a day, 5 days a week.
F.Fortunately, there are treatments that can help you restore your brain’s health.
G.It also processes information you picked up during the day, helping you to learn and preserve new memories.

Passage4（2020·山东滨州高三三模）
Do you have difficulty falling asleep at night? If so, here is a piece of advice for you：listen to some soft music.
1． . This works for sleepers of all ages，and even for those with sleeping problems. Soft music can help us fall asleep faster，wake up less during the night and feel more rested in the morning. You may not notice the effects overnight，though. 2． .
Why can soft music help us sleep better?The reasons aren’t clear yet. It may have something to do with the relaxing effect of a good song. Music can have real physical effects，too. Soft music can lower our heart rate and slow down our breathing. 3． .
Scientists say that for most people，music that has 70 beats per minute works best. 4． . Familiar songs work well，too. You may need to experiment to make your own playlists. If you are not sure how many heats a song has in a minute，you can find out by entering its title into songbpm. com. And remember to get the volume right. 5．. Otherwise，you may be woken up by the sudden silence.
It is very important to get enough high-quality sleep. Before you go to bed tonight，play some soft music. Then，just prepare to be rocked off to dreamland!
A．This prepares us for sleep
B．Make sure that the final piece is one that slowly fades out
C．It would take as many as three weeks to see any improvements
D．Therelore，folk music is something that anyone can understand
E.Classical，jazz and folk music are usually more effective than other musical styles
F.Scientists have found that soft music can help to improve sleep quality and quantity
G.Music plays a more important role in our life than just being a source of entertainment

Passage5（2020·湖南高三二模）
Modern life is full of stress, and stress symptoms may be affecting your health, even though you might not realize it. What is important is that we can recognize stress symptoms we have and manage them before they make us very sick.
1． Stress weakens the immune(免疫的) system, so you may have colds frequently. Stress can also make your body produce less endorphins, which reduce the sensation of pain, and cause different body aches all the time. What's more, stress affects sleep patterns, thus causing sleep problems such as restlessness, the inability to fall asleep and waking in the middle of the night.
Of course, there is the psychological factor in stress that weakens your mind. As a result, you may have a poor memory, lack confidence and often find it difficult to make decisions.2．
If you do have stress symptoms, take steps to manage your stress. Stress management will help to bring you back into balance.3．You can make time for enjoyable activities outside school or work. and sitting in a quiet environment not doing anything at all can also decrease stress levels.4．You have to ask yourself some deeper questions. You have to find out what caused the stress symptoms in the first place so that you can find effective ways to get them over.
Some sources of stress, such as the death of a loved one or a serious illness, are unavoidable, and you can't change them.5．Acceptance may be difficult, but in the long run, it's easier than complaining about a situation you can't change.
A．Most importantly, be aware of the harmful effects of stress.
B．You may also feel anxious about the things you do.
C．In such cases, the best way to deal with stress is to accept them.
D．Sometimes, however, this isn't enough.
E.Stress weakens your body in many ways.
F.You may have health problems, such as high blood pressure and heart disease.
G.First, try to cut down on the amount of stress you have.

Passage6
How to keep a Relationship Healthy and Strong
Are you new to experiencing relationships? Well，let me give you advice on how to have a healthy relationship with your partners.
1．. Don't hide things from them，and don't lie. Don't be afraid to say things that aren't very flattering about yourself. Getting them to trust you is the most important element in any relationship. If there's no trust，there's nothing there. So please be honest and they will learn to open up to you.
Make sure you give them respect. Now，respect isn't just simply treating them nicely. There is a lot more to it. You have to learn to adjust to their liking. 2．. Don't just think about yourself，but think about what your partners need out of it as well.
3．. Always be willing to help them and give them honesty and positive at the time. Make them feel you are someone they can really count on and build a future with. This is an important step in a relationship. Your partner needs out of it as well.
Make sure you' have a good sense of humor with them. Laughter is the key to happiness. Laugh a lot with them，and joke with them. Laughter may seem silly，but it's the secret to a lot in life. It will keep the sparks alive. 4．
Make sure the communication is good. This goes along with trust，but always communicate how you feel even if it's something that upsets you. Instead of screaming, talk to them. 5．.It's important to communicate this to them，not to keep it bottled up.
A．Show them your personality.
B．Be an honest person with them.
C．Make sure you are reliable to your partners.
D．Laughter keeps the relationship strong and lasting.
E.Don't start to neglect them and make them feel unwanted.
F.Basically, learn to study your partners’ moods, wants and needs.
G.If they did something that made you happy, tell them about it in a respectful manner.

Passage7（山东青岛高三期中）
You’re growing up. That means you’re probably experiencing lots of changes, all at once. Your body is changing. It might even seem as if your entire self is changing. It can be confusing and even scary. 1．. And it’s good!
Growing up means that you can do more, learn more, and start to make your mark on the world. In order for that to happen, your body produces chemicals called hormones that help both body and mind grow. Hormone levels change constantly, rising and falling.
2．. But it’s partly to blame for intense emotions, surprising reactions, and mood swings.
Because of the way your brain develops, it is somewhat ruled by emotion now and through your teen years. As a result, growing up can seem like an emotional roller coaster!
3．
Take care of yourself. If you eat right, sleep enough, and get good exercise, your brain will be much more able to deal with the stress.
34．. When you feel your moods swinging or you’re upset, or confused, some quiet time will allow you to gather your thoughts and get calmer.
Practice relaxing your body and take a deep breath when you wake up and when you go to bed. 5．. Plus, when stuff happens during the day, you’ll be able to calm yourself quickly with a deep breath or two before you react. Your body is changing.
A．Work out regularly to keep physically fit.
B．Take a time-out.
C．But the truth is,it happens to every teen.
D．It will help you fall asleep------and start the morning right.
E.Here are a few things you can do to make the ride smoother.
F.This changing is needed for your body’s development.
G.Usually,these feelings settle down when you realize what is going on.

Passage8（2020·山西太原五中高三三模）
1． one of the best things you can possibly do is to start you own club. It’s great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels there’s never anything to do during the school holidays.
The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. 2． pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making things? The list is endless.
Next, you need some friends to be in your club with you. 3 ． all you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you.
4． you should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up. That’ll keep you busy for ages.
At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. And the first rule should be no grown-ups or little/ big brothers or sisters! The best clubs are always secret!
Now you have just about everything you need, except membership cards. These are very important and again you can speed a lot of time making them. 5． why not leave some space for a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card really look like it.
So there you are, get clubbing! Once you get started, you’ll think of loads of more interesting things to do!
A．That’s easy
B．Enjoy your own club!
C．Invite a designer to join you.
D．What are you interested in?
E. Some vacation is just around the corner.
F. Then you need to pick a name for your club.
G. Use a bright thick pen to make a special design.
Passage9（湖北荆门 高考模拟）
The modern competitive sport of weightlifting originated in 19th-century Europe and was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896. 1． At that time, simple competitions were held to see who could lift the heaviest weight.
The first worldwide weightlifting championships were held in London in 1891. At that time, there were no female competitors. Today, the World Weightlifting Championships, organized by the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF), are held every year. 2．
Weightlifting as an Olympic event got off to an unsmooth start. It was not held as a separate event in the first games held in 1896, but as a field event. 3． The sport returned to the Olympics again in 1904, this time as part of the athletics program. Not until 1920 did weightlifting make its real Olympic comeback. The 1920 Olympic Games, held in Antwerp, Belgium, marked weightlifting’s debut（首次露面）as a separate event. 4． Previously, weightlifters in the Olympics were all required to compete against each other, regardless of their size. One-hand lifting was dropped from the sport in 1928. Various weightlifting exercises were added and later removed over many years until 1972. 5． The 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney saw the introduction of the women’s competition, although the IWF has held the World Weightlifting Championships for women since 1987.
A．The 1940 and 1944 Games were canceled.
B．It is a sport in which barbells are lifted competitively.
C．The 1900 Games had no weightlifting presence at all.
D．The championships include 15 separate weight types for both men and women.
E.The 1972 Olympic Games finally presented the weightlifting program in its present form.
F.The sport, however, dates back to ancient civilizations including China, Egypt and Greece.
G.The Antwerp Games also introduced one-hand lifting and weight divisions to the new event.

Passage10（2020·临沂行知实验学校高三一模）
Say Goodbye to Post-holiday Syndrome
You’ve spent countless days waking up late, enjoying watching your favorite TV shows and lying on the beach. 1． It’s time to go back to work. Here are some tips to make the shift from vacation to work smoother.
Tidy up your work-space first.
Chances are you’ll be greeted by piles of unopened mail, files, and other office items sitting on your desk.2． The longer you wait, the more likely these items will be sitting around your desk later in the week.
3．
You may feel the urge to work on three different things at the same time in order to catch up on work. However, this is not the most efficient approach. Instead, you should make a point to focus your mind and to only work on one item or task at a time.
Remove unnecessary distractions.
It’s incredibly important to get serious about cutting out obvious distractions. This way, you can catch up on things efficiently without being bothered every five minutes. 4．
Make plans to enjoy yourself the first week back.
5． Scheduling a lunch date or two with friends can make the week back seem a bit less painful.
Treat yourself to your favorite drink at the local cafeduring your coffee break.
It may take several days for you to finally get readjusted and that’s perfectly fine. Stay calm, focused and relaxed. You’ll be back to your old routine at work before you know it.
A．Do one thing at a time.
B．Make a list of tasks based on their importance.
C．Then you suddenly come to an uncomfortable realization.
D．So it’s a good idea to attend to these items as soon as you can.
E.You’re back at work, but that doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy yourself.
F.Rather than ignoring these items, take a few minutes to process them.
G.Switch off your cell phone, and close out of any social media accounts.

Passage11（2020·陕西碑林西北工业大学附属中学高三一模）
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump?” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. 1． Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
2． More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 3． So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰) of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 4． They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 5．You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A．This can affect your work.
B．So how should you motivate yourself?
C．However, this should not discourage you.
D．So why should we try to set specific goals?
E.They can change according to circumstances.
F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G.Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.

Passage12（2020·四川成都经开区实验中学高三开学考试）
Nowadays, money has become intangible (不易度量的). Household shopping is done online pocket money is stored in an electronic wallet rather than a piggy bank. Children rarely see their parents handling cash and they are spending online, too.1．
The answer is GoHenry, an app with separate versions for parents and children, now available both in America and Britain.2．To use the app, parents need to sign up with their own bank accounts and pay a monthly fee for their kids. They can see what the child has bought and choose where the card can be used: in shops, online or at ATMs. They can also schedule pocket money and set tasks.3．
Children get debit cards (借记卡) carved with their name.4．For example, they can decide to save ten dollars for a friend's birthday in four weeks' time. The app tells them how much to save each week to meet the goal.
Similar to a fitness app, GoHenry gives children feedback on their financial management and motivates them to spend better and save. A big benefit of such an app is that it inspires family conversations about money.
GoHenry has gained popularity since it entered the market. Parents sign up for different purposes. Some regard the subscription as an investment in their children’s future.5．Others uses it as a way for their children to learn to budget.
A．Some say they’ve been in debt and want their children to avoid that mistake when they grow up.
B．They can set a goal at the age of 12 to have $ 2,000 to buy a car at 18.
C．They can put money in saving pots, view their spending and balances, and set saving targets.
D．How, then, can children learn money’s value and gain money-management skills?
E.When those are marked as done, the child is paid the agreed amount.
F.The app helps children form good financial habits through real-world money management.
G.Though they no longer touch or hold money, they can still be taught to handle it well.

Passage13（2020·甘肃高三二模）
How to Improve Speed Reading Skills
Speed reading is one of many skills that can improve your reading comprehension and shorten your study time.2 ．
Look at groups of words, not single words.2． However, if you can get into the habit of reading groups or chunks of words at one time, then you can read much faster. Start by trying to look at a group of three or four words at once, then work up to looking at an entire line of works. Focus on words that give the sentence meaning, such as the nouns and verbs and pay less attention to the filler words, such as a, the, and, etc.
Scan for keywords.
Scanning is a highly effective way of extracting answers from a text without really reading it. If you know exactly what you are looking for﹣a name, a date, a statistic, or a specific word-you can find it quickly by skipping over large chunks of the text. To scan, first visualize the word, number, or phrase you would like to find.3． The information you are looking for should pop out at you.
4．
You can train yourself to read faster by timing yourself as you go. Start by getting your base time. Set a timer for fifteen minutes, and speed read as you normally do.5． Do not count the words, just the pages or paragraphs. Record your figures: for instance, you night write "15 min/6.5 pages."
A．Race the clock.
B．Cheek your comprehension.
C．Here are some speed reading techniques.
D．Then, run your eyes rapidly over the text.
E.When the timer goes off, cheek to see bow far you have got.
F.If you read a text one word at a time, then this will slow your reading speed down.
G.One of the reasons is that you have to pause to understand what a passage is saying.
Passage14 （2020·湖北黄州高三二模）
Take time off school, because your body will fight off the cold virus better if it is well rested. However, if you have to go, avoid close contact with your classmates.1． Meanwhile, wash your hands as frequently as possible. Nomsedating（非镇静的）allergy medicine, which you can buy from a chemist, can ease the problems of a runny nose and watery eyes.
As soon as you feel a cold coming on, drink plenty of liquid. Water or juice is ideal but hot herbal teas with lemon will help thin sticky substance and remove it from the body. A warm gargle with salt water will make your throat more comfortable by reducing the swelling. 2．
3． Breathing in steam over a bowl of hot water helps a lot, too. For a violent cough, the latest research suggests that honey, either straight from a jar or mixed with a hot drink, works as well if not better than costly sprays.
A good diet is also essential for a quick recovery, so start the day with a healthy breakfast including vitamin C in the form of fresh fruit. 4． For dinner, easily digested solid food is recommended, such as rice porridge made with vegetables or eggs.
5． It not only makes you physically stronger, but enhances your emotional well-being. Just remember not to attempt anything that requires a lot of effort or strength. Finally, to recharge your body and regain your strength, you need a full eight hours' sleep.
A．Besides, a little light exercise is beneficial as well.
B．As we know, the virus can be spread easily from one person to another.
C．The name “cold" came into use in the 16th century due to cold weather.
D．The warm air generated by a hot shower or bath will help clear blocked noses.
E.Signs and symptoms may appear less than two days after exposure to the virus.
F.For lunch, chicken noodle soup is good since it helps block cells that cause coughing.
G.It also washes out bacteria and viruses so it can be used as a preventive measure as well.

Passage15（吉林高考模拟）
How to stay focused in class
Being relaxed during class is a bad habit， and it is also bad to your grade． Focusing in class not only proves to teachers that you are a capable student but also shows that you have the ability to control yourself， which will be very important．
1． No matter how much you want to sit with your friends during the class， try your best to avoid them． Talking with friends around you is not going to give you the focus in class． This will get you into trouble．
Look at teacher and make eye contact． Your teacher is not just standing up there talking．2． Show the teacher that he or she has your full attention by looking them in the eye． This person should have your full attention at all times during class．
Take notes． By taking notes， you'll be able to "get into" the lesson． Write down key points as your teacher speaks． And listen to the key phrases such as "This is important" "This is the main idea" "This will be the test" etc．3．
Get involved in class discussions． This is a wonderful way to become a more focused， successful student． When a teacher asks a question， offer to answer it．4．This shows the teacher that you are listening carefully during the class．
Ask a question．5．This really shows your teacher that you want to be better， and can recognize the things you are having difficulty with． Chances are that someone else in the class has the same question （and was too afraid to ask!）． They'll be relieved， and so will you．
A．Avoid sitting with friends．
B．This can help you listen more attentively．
C．If he or she ask for an opinion， share your own．
D．Talking with friends makes you lose interest in class．
E.He or she is trying to give you an acceptable education．
F.The more quickly you answer， the more attention you pay．
G.If you don't understand something， never be afraid to ask．


题组一（2020年高考真题）
Passage1(2020·山东省高考英语试卷)
【答案】16．G17．A18．C19．B20．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
16．本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项:然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者要训练。故选G。
17．下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项Do the opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。
18．本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项:你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。
19．本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。
20．下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。
Passage2(2020·新课标全国卷III)
【答案】36．E37．B38．C39．A40．G
【解析】
本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。
36．上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。
37．下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。
38．本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。故选C。
39．本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A项：但这并不常见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选A。
40．上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼物，那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G项：这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。符合语境。故选G。
Passage3(2020·浙江省高考英语试卷（1月）)

【答案】31．A32．E33．D34．F35．G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了水是我们生活中非常重要的能源，而世界上很多人并不像我们这样幸运能喝到干净的水。世界上大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝，每年有50多万儿童死于脏水引起的腹泻。就此联合国决定3月22日为世界水日，并在当天举办活动来教育人们关于脏水的问题，让人们知道清洁的水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的。
31．根据下文For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.（例如，生产我们吃的食物的农民，使用水使植物生长。当我们打开电灯或电视或电脑的开关时，我们使用能源，我们需要水来产生这种能源）可知下文是在列举人们间接使用水的例子，故A选项“我们也间接地用水。”符合上下文语境，故选A。
32．根据下文That's around one in 10 people in the world.（那大约是世界上十分之一的人）可推知本句为说明世界上没有干净水喝的人数。故E选项“你知道大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝吗?”符合上下文语境，故选E。
33．根据上文Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.（而且，在一些国家，孩子们每天要走很多公里去取水）中walk many kilometres every day to get water可对应到D选项中walk many hours a day to get water，故D选项“如果孩子们每天走很多小时去取水，他们就不能去上学。”符合上下文语境，故选D。
34．结合下文On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world.（每年的这一天，世界各国都会举办各种活动，让人们了解脏水的问题，让他们知道清洁的水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的）是在说明世界水日当天的活动，故可知本句为说明世界水日的设立时间，故F选项“1993年，联合国决定3月22日为世界水日。”符合上下文语境，故选F。
35．根据前文At one school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.（在英国的一所学校，10到15岁的孩子负重6升水来步行6公里）可推知本句承接上文继续说明这一做法的意义是让孩子们了解带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。故G选项“通过这种方式，他们知道带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。”符合上下文语境，故选G。
题组二（2020年名校模拟题）
Passage1(2020·广东省汕头市2019届高三第二次模拟)
【解析】本文属于说明文，介绍要实现自我的三个方面。
1.C根据后一句Once high school seniors graduate, they seem to lose their identity.可知，一旦高年级学生毕业，他们就似乎丧失了自我，C选项，这种情况在大学生中很常见，下文是对本句的具体阐述，切题，故选C。
2.F根据前一句The fifth and final level is self-realization, which is where our final achievement lies.可知，根据马斯洛的理论，第五阶段也是最后阶段是自我实现，这就是我们最终成就的地方。F选项，这是一个了解我们自己，寻找目标的过程，是对上一句的具体阐述，切题，故选F。
3.E根据前一句Only when we understand these, can we pursue them or change them.可知，只有当我们理解了这些，我们才能去追求他们或者改变他们。E选项，客观和包容是接受的关键，阐述接受的关键地方，切题，故选E。
4.D根据前一句Once we’ve accepted ourselves, we can discover what we are interested in and what we want to be.以及后一句but indeed we should live for ourselves可知，只有接受了我们自己，才能发现自己感兴趣的东西，D选项，很多人跟着社会的要求行动，与后文，的确我们应该为自己生活，但是不一定都是自己真正想要的，连贯一致，切题，故选D。
5.G根据后一句Those who can self-realize are people who focus on the things they want to change.可知，能够实现自我的人都是那些能够集中精力在自己想要改变的事情上，G选项，探索自己的潜能不是短时间就能完成的，故强调坚持的重要性，切题，故选G。
Passage2(2020广东番禺仲元中学高三月考）

【答案】1．B2．E3．G4．D5．F
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。
1．上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的个人”。下文说“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。
2．下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和棒球。结果有好有坏。”这些都属于体育方面，该空引出下文，E选项“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。
3．上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度”，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。
4．上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D选项“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。
5．下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。”该空引出下文，F选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。
Passage3
【答案】1．C2．F3．G4．A5．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。减少班容量传统上被认为可以提高学生的成绩。但新的研究发现，班容量小可能会提高部分学生的阅读成绩，但对于学生的数学成绩来说，没有明显的作用。
1．上一句提到：减小班容量可以使老师们给学生更多的关注。该句承接上文，应该继续介绍这么做的好处，故C选项切题：这从理论上可以提高学生的学习成绩。C选项中的This指代上一句的内容。
2．根据上一句中的“it can have very high costs”和下一句中的“Financial limitations make it very difficult”可知，该段介绍的是班容量和成本方面的关系，选项中只有F选项和此有关，故F选项切题：提高班容量是学校控制教育费用的常见的方式之一。
3．该空前面介绍的新研究的对象和目的。那么，该空仍然要介绍新研究的相关内容，故G选项切题。该空主要介绍新研究的重点：他们特别关注那些试图衡量班级规模是否会带来更大学术成就的研究。下一句中的“10 main studies”亦是对该空的补充说明。
4．该空前面提到：有一些证据表明减小班容量可能会导致学生阅读成绩的提高。后一句提到：他们发现，来自小容量班学生的随机选择的测试分数只有53%的几率会高于来自大容量班级学生的所选分数。该空承上启下，应该表明小班教学实际上效果不是很好，故A选项切题。
5．上一句提到：来自小容量班学生的随机选择的测试分数只有53%的几率会高于来自大容量班级学生的所选分数。下一句提到：这导致研究者们得出结论：班级容量小对于学生的数学成绩没有好处。该空承接上文，还应该介绍班容量和数学成绩有关的内容，故B选项切题：对于数学成绩来说，这个几率只有49%。
Passage4
【答案】1．E2．D3．B4．A5．G
【解析】本文是说明文。研究表明随着年龄的增长，大脑可以继续生长新的脑细胞。文中给了一些促进脑细胞生长的建议。
1．本段建议进行有规律的有氧运动，长时间有规律的有氧运动比其他形式的运动更能刺激脑细胞的生长。上句提到在日常生活中增加一些有氧运动，如游泳、步行或慢跑。E项：例如，你可以设定每天慢跑30分钟，每周慢跑5天。是对上句运动的具体实施建议，故选E。
2．本段建议做减压活动。上句提到减轻压力，给你带来幸福感的活动可以促进新的脑细胞生长。D项：试着每天做一些能带给你快乐和帮助你放松的事情。与上句承接，且选项中的bring you pleasure 和原文中的give you a sense of wellbeing 意思一致，help you relax和原文中reduce stress意思一致。故选D。
3．本空是主题句。下文提到富含抗氧化剂的食物可以防止损害你现有的脑细胞，促进新的健康细胞的生长。omega 3脂肪酸也可以帮助改善你的大脑健康。建议我们多食用富含这些的食物。B项：Eat foods rich in antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids.表达了此意，概括了全文内容。故选B。
4．本段建议我们保持积极的社交生活，下文应该介绍保持积极社交生活的好处。下句说明这对你的大脑也有好处，根据also可知空处应该说明对其他方面的好处。A项：和朋友在一起不仅仅是享受，表达了此意，与下句并列。故选A。
5．本段建议我们享受高质量的生活。上句提到当睡觉时，你的大脑会从白天的压力中恢复过来，说明了睡眠对大脑的好处之一，G项：它还可以处理你白天获取的信息，帮助你学习和保存新的记忆，与上句并列，说明了睡眠对大脑的另一好处。故选G。
Passage4（2020·山东滨州高三三模）
【答案】1．F2．C3．A4．E5．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章作者告诉我们轻音乐有助于我们提高睡眠质量，增加睡眠时间。
1．划线后提到“这个方法对所有年龄段的睡眠者都有效，甚至对那些有睡眠问题的人也有效”。同时划线后在第二句话也提到了“轻音乐可以帮助我们更快地入睡，在晚上少醒来，在早上感觉更休息的更好”。由此可知，F项“科学家发现，轻音乐可以帮助改善睡眠质量和睡眠时间”统领下文，且划线后的this指代F项的“轻音乐改善睡眠质量和睡眠时间”这个发现。因此F项切题。故选F项。
2．根据前句提到“不过，你可能不会在一夜之间注意到这些效果”可知，C项“可能需要长达三周的时间才能看到任何改善”是对前句进行补充说明。因此C项切题。故选C项。
3．根据前句提到“轻音乐可以降低我们的心率和呼吸速度”可知，A项“为我们睡觉做好准备”和前句构成因果关系，且A项中的this 指代前句提及的“降低我们的心率和呼吸速度”。因此A项切题。故选A项。
4．根据前句提到“科学家说，对大多数人来说，每分钟70拍的音乐效果最好”可知，E选项“古典、爵士和民俗音乐通常比其他音乐风格更有效”是对前句进行补充说明。因此E项切题。故选E项。
5．根据划线后句提到“否则，你可能会被突然的寂静吵醒”可知，B项“确保最后一曲是慢慢结束的”前后构成条件关系。即要确保最后一曲是慢慢结束，不然会被突然的安静吵醒。因此B项切题。故选B项。
Passage5（2020·湖南高三二模）
【答案】1．E2．B3．G4．D5．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。现代生活充满了压力，压力症状可能正在影响你的健康，尽管你可能没有意识到这一点。重要的是，我们可以识别出我们的压力症状，并在它们让我们变得更严重之前加以控制。文章主要说明了压力的不良影响，以及如何应对压力的建议。
1．本句为本段中心句，根据后文内容Stress weakens the immune(免疫的) system, so you may have colds frequently. Stress can also make your body produce less endorphins, which reduce the sensation of pain, and cause different body aches all the time. What's more, stress affects sleep patterns, thus causing sleep problems such as restlessness, the inability to fall asleep and waking in the middle of the night.可知压力会削弱免疫系统，所以你可能经常感冒。压力还会让你的身体产生更少的内啡肽，而内啡肽会减少疼痛感，导致身体一直疼痛。更重要的是，压力会影响睡眠模式，从而导致诸如坐立不安、无法入睡和半夜醒来等睡眠问题。由此可知，本段主要说明了压力对于身体的不良影响。故E选项“压力会在很多方面削弱你的身体”符合语境，故选E。
2．根据上文Of course, there is the psychological factor in stress that weakens your mind. As a result, you may have a poor memory, lack confidence and often find it difficult to make decisions.可知当然，压力中的心理因素会削弱你的思维。因此，你可能会记忆力差，缺乏自信，经常发现很难做决定。由此可知，本句承接上文，说明压力对思维的影响，上文提到了难以做决定，本句则是说明也会为你所做的事情感到焦虑的情况。故B选项“你可能也会为你所做的事情感到焦虑”符合语境，故选B。
3．根据上文If you do have stress symptoms, take steps to manage your stress. Stress management will help to bring you back into balance.(如果你确实有压力症状，采取措施控制你的压力。压力管理将帮助你恢复平衡)以及后文You can make time for enjoyable activities outside school or work. and sitting in a quiet environment not doing anything at all can also decrease stress levels.(你可以腾出时间在学校或工作之外进行有趣的活动。坐在一个安静的环境中，什么也不做也可以减少压力水平)由此可知，本句承上启下，提出应对压力的建议，第一步就是试着减少压力。故G选项“首先，试着减少你的压力”符合语境，故选G。
4．根据上文You can make time for enjoyable activities outside school or work. and sitting in a quiet environment not doing anything at all can also decrease stress levels.可知你可以腾出时间在学校或工作之外进行有趣的活动。坐在一个安静的环境中，什么也不做也可以减少压力水平。以及后文You have to ask yourself some deeper questions. You have to find out what caused the stress symptoms in the first place so that you can find effective ways to get them over.可知你必须问自己一些更深层次的问题。你必须首先找出是什么导致了压力症状，这样你才能找到有效的方法来克服它们。由此可知，本句承上启下说明，有时候只是减少压力可能并不够，还需要问自己一些更深层次的问题。故D选项“然而，有时这还不够”符合语境，故选D。
5．根据后文Acceptance may be difficult, but in the long run, it's easier than complaining about a situation you can't change.可知接受可能很难，但从长远来看，这比抱怨你无法改变的情况要容易得多。由此可知，本句是在说明应对压力就要接受压力。故C选项“在这种情况下，应对压力的最好方法就是接受它们”符合语境，故选C。
Passage6（河南郑州高三月考）

【答案】1．B 2．F3．C4．D5．G
【解析】本文属于说明文，介绍维持一种牢固而又健康的人际关系的几个策略。
1．根据横线后一句Do not hide things from them, do not lie.可知不要对别人隐瞒，也不要说谎。作者在本段中建议我们要诚实，故选B。
2．根据前后两句You have to learn to adjust to their liking.和Don ' t just think about yourself ,think about what your partner needs out of it as well.可知作者告诉我们要了解自己同伴的需求，不要只是考虑自己的感受和需要。故F正确。
3．根据下面两句Always be willing to help them and give them honesty and positivity at the same time. Make them feel you are someone they can really count on and build a future with.可知要愿意帮助他人，要让别人知道我们是值得依赖的。也就是说要保证自己对别人是有帮助的。故选C。
4．根据本段前面两句Make sure you have a good sense of humor with them. Laughter is the key to happiness.可知保持幽默感很重要，因为开心是幸福的关键。作者在本段中告诉我们要通过笑让我们之间的关系更持久，故选D。
5．根据本段最后一句It ' s important to communicate this to them , not keep it bottled up.可知和别人的交流很重要，而且要注意交流的方式方法。故选G项。
Passage7（山东青岛高三期中）
【答案】1．C2．F3．E4．B 5．D
【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了成长意味着你的身体在变化，甚至看起来你的整个自我都在改变，它会让人困惑甚至害怕，并且针对如何使成长的旅程更加顺利提出了一些建议。
1．根据文章It might even seem as if your entire self is changing. It can be confusing and even scar. 你的身体在变化，甚至看起来你的整个自我都在改变，它会让人困惑甚至害怕。再根据And it’s good!可知此处所填句子和前面所说明的内容在意义上存在转折关系，所以C项为：但事实是，它发生在每一个青少年身上。符合题意，故选C。
2．根据文章In order for that to happen, your body produces chemicals called hormones that help both body and mind grow. Hormone levels change constantly, rising and falling. 可知青春期里你的身体会产生一种叫做荷尔蒙的化学物质，这种物质可以帮助身体和大脑发育。激素水平不断变化，有升有降。有根据But it's partly to blame for intense emotions, surprising reactions, and mood swings但荷尔蒙在一定程度上又是强烈的情绪、令人惊讶的反应和情绪波动的原因所在，所以在意义上承接上文与下文存在转折关系，所以F项为：这种变化是你身体发育所必需的。符合题意，故选F。
3．根据文章Because of the way your brain develops, it is somewhat ruled by emotion now and through your teen years. As a result, growing up can seem like an emotional roller coaster!可知，因为你的大脑发展的方式，它在某种程度上是受情绪支配的，并且贯穿你的青少年时期。因此，成长就像一辆情感过山车！再根据文章下面是提供的几条让你的成长平稳的建议，所以E总起下文，故E项：这里有一些你可以做的事情，使你的成长旅程更顺利。符合题意。故选E。
4．根据文章When you feel your moods swinging or you're upset, or confused, some quiet time will allow you to gather your thoughts and get calmer. 可知，当你感觉你的情绪摇摆，或者你感到沮丧或困惑时，给自己留一些安静的时间会让你镇定下来，所以暂停一下符合题意，与some quiet time相呼应，故B项：暂停一下。符合题意。为本段的标题。故选B。
5．根据文章Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing when you wake up and when you go to bed当你醒来，当你去睡觉时，练习放松你的身体，深呼吸。所以此段主要说明起床和睡觉时练习放松身体，会有助于睡眠后第二天的早起，所以此处为顺承关系句，故D项：它能帮助你入睡并且拥有一个良好的早晨。符合题意，故选D。
Passage8（2020·山西太原五中高三三模）
【答案】1．E2．D3．A4．F5．G
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了学生在假期中开办俱乐部，以提高自己的个人能力。文章就假期中如何创办俱乐部进行具体的说明。
1．从第一段后面的during the school holidays.以及本段内容——建议假期创办俱乐部，可知，第一句应该是“假期即将来临”，引入话题。故答案为E。
2． 根据上句“你需要做的第一件事情是想出俱乐部的活动主题”，到下句给予的选择“宠物、服装、流行音乐或者舞蹈队，做运动或者搞制作？”可知要选自己感兴趣的主题，故答案为D。
3．上句“然后你需要一些朋友成为你的会员”，以及下句“你所需要的就是三个或四个和你一样对同样的事情感兴趣的人”，可知过度句是A“哪很简单”。故答案为A。
4．根据下句“你们应该带着一些纸坐在某个地方，写下你们能想起的名字”，可知本句应该是F，“然后你需要为俱乐部选一个名字”。故答案为F。
5．本段大意是做会员卡，作者在指导如何做会员卡。因而选择G比较适合本段大意，“使用一支亮而粗的笔作出特别设计”。故答案为G。
Passage9（湖北荆门高考模拟）
【答案】1．F2．D3．C4．G5．E
【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了现代举重这项竞技运动，它起源于19世纪的欧洲，1896年被列入第一届现代奥运会。
1．考查上下文及句意理解。根据下文“在那个时候，人们举行简单的比赛，看谁能举起最重的重量”可知，此处应指更早的举重活动，F项“然而，这项运动可以追溯到包括中国、埃及和希腊在内的古代文明。”符合此处语境。故F选项正确。
2．考查上下文及句意理解。根据上文“当时，没有女性竞赛者。今天，由国际举重联合会(IWF)组织的世界举重锦标赛每年都会举行”及常识可知，现在的举重比赛中已经有女性选手了，由此可知D项“冠军包括15种不同的体重类型的男性和女性”符合此处语境。故D选项正确。
3．考查上下文及句意理解。根据上文“在1896年举行的第一届奥运会上，它不是作为一个单独的项目，而是作为一个田赛项目。”及下文“1904年，这项运动再次回到奥运会，这一次是田径项目的一部分。”可知，C项“1900年奥运会根本没有举重比赛”符合此处语境。故C选项正确。
4．考查上下文及句意理解。根据上文“在此之前，奥运会举重运动员都被要求互相竞争，不论他们的体型大小。”及下文“1928年，单手举重被取消。”可知，G项“安特卫普运动会还引入了单手举重和重量划分的新项目。”符合此处语境。故G选项正确。
5．考查上下文及句意理解。根据上文“在1972年之前的很多年里，各种举重运动被添加和删除”可知，E项“1972年奥运会最终以现在的形式呈现了举重项目”符合此处语境。故E选项正确。
Passage10（2020·临沂行知实验学校高三一模）

【答案】1．C2．F3．A4．G5．E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章作者针对如何摆脱节后综合症这一问题，给出了一些建议。
1．上文You’ve spent countless days waking up late, enjoying watching your favorite TV shows and lying on the beach.说 你已经花了无数天晚起，享受看你最喜欢的电视节目和躺在海滩上。下文It’s time to go back to work. 是时候回去工作了。该空承上启下，C选项“然后你突然有了一个不舒服的认识”切题，该空与上文形成对比，下文是对该空的进一步解释和说明，下文中的go back to work指代选项中的an uncomfortable realization，故选C。
2．上文Chances are you’ll be greeted by piles of unopened mail, files, and other office items sitting on your desk.说很有可能，你会发现办公桌上有成堆的未读邮件、文件和其他办公物品。下文 The longer you wait, the more likely these items will be sitting around your desk later in the week.说你等待的时间越长，这些东西就越有可能在本周晚些时候被放在你的桌子上。该空承上启下，F选项“与其忽略这些事项，不如花几分钟来处理它们”切题，该空是应对上文出现情况的解决办法，下文是没有按照该空的做法去做，可能出现的结果。选项中的these item指代上文出现的unopened mail, files, and other office items，也与下文中的these items呼应，故选F。
3．该空是段落小标题，根据本段内容You may feel the urge to work on three different things at the same time in order to catch up on work. However, this is not the most efficient approach. Instead, you should make a point to focus your mind and to only work on one item or task at a time.（为了赶上工作进度，你可能会有同时做三件不同的事情的冲动。然而，这并不是最有效的方法。相反，你应该集中精力，一次只做一件事）可知这一段主要讲了每次只专注的做一件事情，A选项“一次只做一件事”切题，故选A。
4．上文It’s incredibly important to get serious about cutting out obvious distractions. This way, you can catch up on things efficiently without being bothered every five minutes.说认真杜绝明显的干扰是非常重要的。这样，你就可以高效地完成工作，而不会每五分钟就被打扰一次。该空承接上文，对于“如何杜绝干扰的具体方法”进行了说明，G选项“关掉你的手机，关闭所有的社交媒体账户”切题，故选G。
5．该段落标题是Make plans to enjoy yourself the first week back.（制定计划，享受回来的第一周），E选项“你回到了工作岗位，但这并不意味着你不能享受生活”围绕标题展开讲述，选项中的enjoy yourself.对应标题中的enjoy yourself。下文Scheduling a lunch date or two with friends can make the week back seem a bit less painful.（安排一两次和朋友共进午餐的时间可以让这一周看起来不那么痛苦）承接该空，下文是“享受生活”的具体做法。故选E。
Passage11（2020·陕西碑林西北工业大学附属中学高三一模）
【答案】1．G2．B3．A4．E5．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动机和目标的关系以及如何激发动机并设定切实可行的目标。
1．上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”，下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，你会犹豫不决。”，该空承上启下，G选项“没有动力，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。
2．上一段阐述了动机和设定目标的关系，强调了动机的重要性，本队进一步讲如何激励自己并保持动力来实现目标。B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢？”承上启下，故选B。
3．上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下，A选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选A。
4．上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选E。
5．上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C选项“然而，这不应该使你气馁。”切题，故选C。
Passage12（2020·四川成都经开区实验中学高三开学考试）
【答案】1．D2．F 3．E 4．C 5．A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了GoHenry这款app自从进入应用市场就受到了家长的欢迎，因为它能有效帮助孩子们认知金钱价值并形成良好的理财习惯。
1．前一句Children rarely see their parents handling cash and they are spending online, too.(孩子们很少看到父母处理现金，他们也在网上消费)提到孩子们也在网上支付，下一段开头说到The answer is GoHenry, an app with separate versions for parents and children, now available both in America and Britain.(答案是GoHenry，这是一款为父母和孩子提供不同版本的应用，现在在美国和英国都可以使用)可知，此空是关于孩子与金钱的问题进行了提问。故选D。
2．此空前一句The answer is GoHenry, an app with separate versions for parents and children, now available both in America and Britain.(答案是GoHenry，这是一款为父母和孩子提供不同版本的应用，现在在美国和英国都可以使用)，可知，此空进一步描述这款软件的对孩子与金钱关系的作用。故选F。
3．由前一句They can also schedule pocket money and set tasks.(他们还可以安排零花钱和设定任务)可知，E项承接上意，表示孩子完成任务才能得到零花钱。故选E。
4．根据后文的举例可以推断，此空要说的是孩子们能够如何利用这个app来理财。C项的They对应上文的children，与后文的they和them指代一致，句末set saving targets对应下文how much to save each week to meet the goal。故选C。
5．前文Parents sign up for different purposes.(家长们注册的目的各不相同)是本段的主旨句，接着列举了不同家长使用这款软件的不同目的，此空前文Some regard the subscription as an investment in their children’s future.(有些人把订阅看作是对孩子未来的一种投资)及后文Others uses it as a way for their children to learn to budget.(另一些人把它作为孩子学习预算的一种方式)可知，此空也是在列举家长使用这款软件目的。故选A。
Passage13（2020·甘肃高三二模）
【答案】1．C2．F3．D4．A5．E
【解析】本文是说明文，作者向我们介绍了如何提高阅读速度的一些技巧。
1．推理判断题。上文提到快速阅读是提高阅读理解能力和缩短学习时间的众多技巧之一。下文Look at groups of words, not single words.和Scan for keywords等分条陈述可知，下文介绍了一些快速阅读的技巧。C项：Here are some Speed Reading Techniques(这里有一些快速阅读的技巧)，承上启下，故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据本段主旨Look at groups of words, not single words.(看一组词，而不是单个词)及空后句子However, if you can get into the habit of reading groups or chunks of words at one time, then you can read much faster.(然而，如果你能养成一次阅读一组或大块单词的习惯，那么你就能读得更快)可知，此处应指一次只看一个单词会造成阅读速度慢。F项：If you read a text one word at a time, then this will slow your reading speed down.(如果你逐字逐句地阅读一篇文章，那么这会降低你的阅读速度)，承上启下，故选F。
3．推理判断题。根据本段主旨“Scan for key words浏览关键词”可知，本段主要讲如何快速浏览关键词。D项：Then, run your eyes rapidly over the text.(然后，你的眼睛快速地扫过文字)是快速浏览的方法，故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据本段中的You can train yourself to read faster by timing yourself as you go. Start by getting your base time.(你可以通过计时来训练自己读得更快，从你的基本时间开始)可知，本段主旨应为和时间赛跑。A项：Race the clock.(和时间赛跑)概括了本段内容，故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据空前句子Set a timer for fifteen minutes, and speed read as you normally do(设定定时器为15分钟，并按通常的速度读取)及空后句子Do not count the words, just the pages or paragraphs.(不要计算字数，只计算页数或段落)可知， E项：When the timer goes off, check to see how far you have got.(当计时器响的时候，检查一下你读了多少)承上启下，是中间步骤，故选E。
Passage14 （2020·湖北黄州高三二模）

【答案】1．B2．G3．D4．F5．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些患感冒时及预防感冒的建议。比如，避免与同学亲密接触，勤洗手，从药剂师那里买到抗过敏药；平时注意饮食，加强锻炼，保证睡眠。
1．根据上文提示“但是，如果必须去，避免与你的同学亲密接触。”，承接上文，B项As we know, the virus can be spread easily from one person to another.(如我们所知，病毒很容易从一个人传播到另一个人。)切题，故选B项。
2．根据上文提示“用盐水温热漱口可以减轻肿胀，使你的喉咙更舒服。”，承接上文，G项“它还可以清除细菌和病毒，因此也可以用作预防措施。”切题，该选项中的it指代上文中的A warm gargle with salt water，故选G项。
3．根据下文提示“在一碗热水旁，呼吸其蒸汽也有很大帮助。”，承接下文，D项“热水淋浴或洗澡产生的热空气有助于解决鼻塞。”切题，此处都是在说明解决鼻塞问题。故选D项。
4．根据下文提示“晚餐建议吃易消化的固体食物，如蔬菜或鸡蛋配米粥。”，承接下文，F项“午餐喝鸡肉面汤是很好的，因为它有助于阻止咳嗽。”切题，该选项中的For lunch与下文中的For dinner相呼应，故选F项。
5．根据下文提示“它不仅能让身体更强壮，还能使情绪健康。”，承接下文，A项“此外，少量的运动也是有益的。”切题，下文中的it指代的是该选项中的a little light exercise。故选A项。
Passage15（吉林吉林高考模拟）
【答案】
1．A2．E3．B4．C5．G
【解析】这是一篇说明文，简要列举了几条如何在课堂上保持注意力集中的建议。
1．考查上下文推理能力。设空处为本段的主题句。从内容上看，本段主要讲课堂上尽量不要与朋友坐在一起，因为与周围的朋友交谈会分散注意力。选项A. Avoid sitting with friends(避免和朋友坐在一起)符合题意，故选A项。
2．考查上下文推理能力。根据本段主题句Look at teacher and make eye contact可知，要跟老师进行眼神交流。设空处顺接上文，进一步说明课堂上老师不仅仅是在讲话，他们其实是在努力让自己的课程得到学生的接受，E项符合语境，故选E。
3．考查上下文推理能力。根据本段小标题可知话题为“做笔记”，再根据设空处上文By taking notes，you'll be able to "get into" the lesson．可知课堂上要记笔记，记下老师所讲的重点，设空处置于短尾，总结上文说明这样做的好处，即有利于更专心地听讲，选项B符合语境，故选B。
4．考查上下文推理能力。本段主题是要加人课堂讨论，即当老师提出问题时，要主动回答。如果他或她想知道大家的观点，要敢于分享自己的想法，C项符合语境。故选C。
5．考查上下文推理能力。从内容上看，本段主要讲课堂上要敢于问问题，选项G承接主题句，引起下一句This really shows your teacher that you want to be better， and can recognize the things you are having difficulty with．，敢于问问题能够让老师明白你追求上进并且了解你的困惑所在，空格后一句中主语This代指选项G. If you don't understand something，never be afraid to ask(如果你有不明白之处，要敢于发问)的意思，并做出进一步解释，故选G项。