(译林版)2020版高考英语一轮习第1部分：语言知识 必修3 Unit 1　能力提升题组训练（B）(含解析)

www.ks5u.com能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018江苏苏州一模)In English the sky is blue,and the grass is green.But in Vietnamese there is just one color category for both sky and grass:xanh.For decades cognitive(认知的) scientists have pointed to such examples as evidence that language largely determines how we see color.But new research with four-to six-month-old babies indicates that long before we learn language,we see up to five basic categories of color—a finding that suggests a stronger biological element to perceive(感知) color than previously thought.The study,published recently in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,tested the color-discrimination abilities of more than 170 British babies.Researchers at the University of Sussex in England measured how long babies spent staring at color swatches,a system known as looking time.First babies were showed one swatch repeatedly until their looking time decreased—a sign they had grown bored with it.Then the researchers showed them a different sample and noted their reaction.Longer looking times were explained to mean the babies considered the second sample to be a new color.Their increasing responses showed that they distinguished among five colors:red,green,blue,purple and yellow.“The finding suggests you come by nature to make color distinctions,but given your culture and language,certain distinctions may or may not be used,”explains lead author Alice Skelton,a doctoral student at Sussex.The study systematically explored babies’ color perception,revealing how we perceive colors before we have the words to describe them,says Angela M.Brown,an experimental psychologist at the Ohio State University’s College of Optometry,who was not involved with the new research.The results add a new challenge to the long nature-versus-nurture debate and the so-called Sapir Whorf hypothesis(假设)—the idea that the way we see the world is shaped by language.In future work,Skelton and her colleagues are interested in testing babies from other cultures.“The way language and culture interact is a really interesting question,”she says.“We don’t yet know the exact systems,but we do know how we start off.”1.What’s the finding of the new research?A.It clarifies what makes babies perceive colors. B.It proves human color recognition is inborn.C.It finds how many colors babies can perceive. D.It shows the color culture is shaped by language.2.According to the new research,we can learn that 　　　. A.swatches affect babies in memory and attention B.longer looking times are based on the psychologyC.researchers determine babies’ color perception D.babies can tell the differences of some colors3.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.Rainbow in the Baby’s World B.A Journey to the World of ColorsC.A New Challenge:Language vs.Culture D.Different Babies,Different Color Perception语篇解读:本文是说明文。英国萨塞克斯大学一项对婴儿的研究发现,人类生来具有区分颜色的能力。答案及剖析:1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段“But new research with four-to six-month-old babies...to perceive(感知) color than previously thought”可知,对4—6个月大的婴儿研究后发现在我们学习语言前,已看出多达5种基本颜色。即人类辨别颜色的能力是天生的。2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段“Their increasing responses showed that they distinguished among five colors:red,green,blue,purple and yellow.”可知,婴儿能够区分一些颜色。3.A　文章标题题。通读全文可知,最新研究表明婴儿具有区分颜色的能力。“rainbow(彩虹)”在此指代颜色。故A项“婴儿世界里的彩虹(色彩)”作为标题最合适。BInstagram is containing so many photos of food—now a pop-up diner in London is taking advantage of this new trend by letting people settle the bill for their meals simply by uploading photos of their dishes to social networks.I always thought people’s taking pictures of their food was kind of silly, but at this new pop-up restaurant in the UK, I’d probably do it too.‘The Picture House’ is the world’s first pay-by-photo restaurant—you order, click a photo of the food, share on Instagram and eat for free!The restaurant belongs to frozen food giant Birds Eye, who came up with the idea to cash in on people’s addiction with photographing food and sharing the pictures online. They conducted a survey and found out that more than half of the British population regularly took pictures of their meals.So they realized it was a better way to advertise their new dining range.The pop-up diner was open in Soho, London for three days in May, and is now moving to other major UK cities.They serve two-course meals that customers don’t have to pay for, if they photo and Instagram it.The restaurant is a part of Birds Eye’s ‘Food for Life’ campaign, a new marketing project that aims at changing the way people look at frozen food.“Taking photos of food enables people to show off and to share their mealtime moments—from the everyday to the special,” said marketing director Margaret Jobling.The reaction to The Picture House has been great so far.And the pay-by-picture concept has proven to be an effective way.Alternative payment methods are actually gaining popularity among a lot of businesses.Last year, in a cafe in Germany customers pay by how much time they spend there, not by what they eat.4.Instagram probably is 　　 　. A.a restaurant free of charge   B.a campaign of “Food for Life”C.a new marketing project       D.a program used to share photos5.What’s the author’s attitude to this new trend?A.Opposed.   B.Interested.C.Confused.   D.Unconcerned.6.‘The Picture House’ encourages sharing photos of its food to 　　　. A.attract more customers         B.raise the price of frozen foodC.create a new social media trend D.reward the regular customers7.Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?A.No Need to Pay.   B.The Pop-up Diner.C.Pay by Picture.   D.Food for Life.语篇解读:本文是记叙文。讲的是英国一家餐厅将餐厅经营与时下流行的照片分享相结合的事例。人们上传照片可免单。答案及剖析:4.D　推理判断题。从全文大意中可推断出Instagram是用于共享照片的程序,故选D。5. B　推理判断题。根据第二段中I always thought people’s taking pictures of their food was kind of silly, but at this new pop-up restaurant in the UK, I’d probably do it too.可以看出作者在这样的餐厅里可能也会拍照上传照片的。可见作者对这一趋势感兴趣,故选B。6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中So they realized it was a better way to advertise their new dining range.可以看出,如此做是想为他们新的业务做广告,以吸引更多的顾客。故   选A。7.C　主旨大意题。英国一家餐厅将餐厅经营与时下流行的照片分享相结合,人们只要上传照片就可以获得免单。因此最好的标题是“用照片买单”,故选C。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018高考英语原创押题预测卷)As is known to all,we live in a world of germs(细菌).It is impossible to avoid exposure.Genetic makeups may give some people 1.　   　　　 advantage over others. However,it does not stop people 2.　　  　　 (become) sick. All of us have been a victim of an 3.　　   　　(ill) at some point in our lives. Moreover,it is likely that we 4.　 　　　(get) sick again in the future.Our best chances of avoiding sickness 5.　　    　　 (be) by exercising and employing good 6.　　　　 (habit). While good hygiene and exercise serve as obvious advice to most people,eating 7.　　　　 (healthy) is not always obvious.If you cannot define “healthy”,then your immune system will be happy 8.　　　　 (tell) you.The immune system is the foundation of our health.It works for us every day to keep us well.Ask yourself:“Are you making its job easier 9.　　　　 harder?” Like any system,the immune system is not different.It has a tolerance too.If you eat unhealthily,your immune system will make you aware of it.Take a step 10.　　　　 the right direction by including some healthy food in your diet. 答案及剖析:1.an　考查冠词。advantage 是以元音音素开头的可数名词,在此处是泛指概念,表示“一个优势”,故填an。2.becoming　考查非谓语动词。stop sb.(from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事。3.illness　考查名词。冠词an 后面跟名词单数形式,故填illness。4.will get　考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the future 判断用将来时。5.are　考查主谓一致和时态。主语是chances,谓语动词用复数形式,根据语境判断用一般现在时,故填are。6.habits　考查名词复数。habit是可数名词,此处用复数形式。7.healthily　考查副词。修饰eating,故用副词形式。8.to tell　考查非谓语动词。固定搭配be happy to do sth.很高兴做某事。9.or　考查连词。根据语境判断此处表示选择关系,句意:你在让免疫系统的工作更容易还是更难呢?10.in　考查介词。朝某个方向,介词用in。Ⅲ.短文改错(2018高考英语原创押题预测卷)My favorite proverb is “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”It mean that true friends always come to you when you’re in trouble.Last term,my father met with a traffic accident,but his right leg got injured seriously.Consequently,he received the operation and I had to look after him in the hospital.Learned about this,Li Lei was offered to take care of my father without hesitation.He also helped me make up for my missing lessons.Thank to his help and inspiration,I went through the difficulty period and regained confidence.However,a true friend always spares no effort help you when you are in trouble.We all should try to make so good friends.答案:My favorite proverb is “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”It that true friends always come to you when you’re in trouble.Last term,my father met with a traffic accident,his right leg got injured seriously.Consequently,he received operation and I had to look after him in the hospital.about this,Li Lei was   offered to take care of my father without hesitation.He also helped me make up for my missing lessons.to his help and inspiration,I went through the period and regained confidence.,a true friend always spares no effort help you when you are in trouble.We all should try to make good friends.剖析:考查动词的第三人称单数的用法。It在句中作主语,指代上文的谚语“A friend in need is a friend indeed”,谓语动词用单数,并且句子是一般现在时,所以mean 要用第三人称单数形式,故将mean 改为means。考查连词。前面说到“我父亲遇到车祸”,后面提到“他的右腿受伤严重”,所以前后应该是递进关系,而不是转折关系,故将but改为and。考查冠词。因为“我父亲腿部受伤”,所以接受了一个手术。第一次提到手术,要用an,不能用定冠词the,故将the 改为an。考查非谓语动词。本句中句子的主语应该是后面的Li Lei,和learn为主动关系,所以应该使用learn 的主动形式,也就是说要用现在分词,而不是过去分词。故将Learned 改为Learning。考查动词语态。这里是李雷主动提出照顾“我父亲”,所以应该用主动语态,故将offered前面的was 去掉。考查固定搭配。thanks to 是固定搭配,所以要在Thank 后面加上s,故将Thank 改为Thanks。考查形容词的用法。这里应该用形容词修饰名词period,指“困难的时期”,所以应该将名词difficulty 改为形容词形式difficult。考查副词的用法。此处是承接、总结前面的话,所以前后应该是因果关系,故将However 改为Therefore。考查非谓语动词。spare no effort to do 是固定短语,意思是“不遗余力做某事”,所以要在help 之前加上to。so 修饰形容词或副词。such 修饰单数或复数名词。friends 是复数名词,所以应该用such 修饰,故将so 改为such。