2021届高考一轮复习梳理点拨学案：人教版必修5Unit4Makingthenews

Unit 4  Making the news

基础自主检测

1.新闻媒体相关词汇一览

①journalist n. 记者；新闻工作者

②reporter n. 记者

③editor n. 编辑

④chief editor n. 主编

⑤photographer n. 摄影师

⑥daily n. 日报

⑦weekly n. 周刊

⑧mass media 大众传播媒介

2.后缀­able形容词集锦

①admirable 令人钦佩的

②comfortable 舒适的

③unbelievable 难以置信的

④honorable 荣誉的；光荣的

⑤reasonable 合情合理的

⑥respectable 可敬的

⑦valuable 值钱的；贵重的

⑧suitable 合适的

3.“赞成”与“反对”高频词汇荟萃

(1)赞成；支持

①approve vt. 批准；赞成

②favour vt.& n. 赞成

③support vt. 支持；赞成

(2)反对

①oppose vt. 反对

②object vi. 反对

③against prep. 反对

一 动词＋介/副词

1.concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于

2.inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事

3.keep sth. in mind 记住某事

4.depend on/upon 依靠；依赖

5.accuse ... of 因……指责或控告……

6.set to work 开始工作

二 其他

7.ahead of 在……前面

8.so as to (do sth.) 为了(做)……

9.make an appointment 约会，预约

“v.＋sb.＋of＋sth.”结构大集合

①inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事

②warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事

③cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病/纠正某人的坏习惯

④remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事

⑤suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事

⑥rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物

⑦convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事

⑧accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事

⑨rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物

_________________________________________________________________

1.否定词置于句首的倒装结构

Never_will (永远不) Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.(教材P26)

2.be to do结构

His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was_to_strongly_influence (必将产生重要影响) his life as a journalist.(教材P26)

3.not only ... but (also) ... 连接的并列句

Not_only_am_I_interested_in (我不仅对……感兴趣) photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.(教材P26)

4.抽象地点名词＋定语从句

Have you ever had a_case_where (这一种情况) someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick？(教材P26)

单句语法填空

1.We're ________ (delight) you're coming to work with us.

答案：delighted

2.You'll have a ________ (profession) photographer with you to take photographs.

答案：professional

3.Only if you ask many different questions ________ you acquire all the information you need to know.

答案：will

4.You have to prepare the next question depending on ________ the person says.

答案：what

5.But how can I listen carefully while ________ (take) notes？

答案：taking

6.A footballer was accused ________ taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.

答案：of

7.He denied ________ (take) money but we were sceptical.

答案：taking

8.________ he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly.

答案：Although

9.He checked the evidence,  read the article and ________ (pass) it on to the copy­editor.

答案：passed

10.Zhou Yang waited ________ (excited) for the first copies to be ready.

答案：excitedly

考点步步冲关

1 assist　vt. & vi. 帮助；协助；援助

You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you're interested.(P26)

你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去钻研。

(1)assist sb. with/in sth. 在某事上帮助某人

assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事

(2)assistant n. 助手，助理

assistance n. 帮助；援助

with the assistance of  ... 在……的帮助下

即时练1

单句语法填空

①Professor Wang is working with his two new ________ (assist) in the laboratory at the moment.

②Thanks to his ________ (assist), we got out of the dark cave safely.

③Both of them have been working for Professor Adams ________ (assist) him with his class work and research.

④The surgery was carried out by the British team, ________ (assist) by doctors and nurses from the Shifa Clinic.

⑤Since 1976 he has been operating the shop ________ the assistance of volunteers.

答案：①assistants　②assistance　③assisting　④assisted　⑤with

2 inform　vt. 通知；告知

They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.(P26)

他们必须通过调查研究来获悉被遗漏的那部分情况。

(1)inform sb. of/about sth. 通知/告诉某人某事

inform sb. that/when/how ... 通知某人……

keep sb. informed of ... 使某人随时了解……

(2)information n. 消息；信息

(3)informed adj. 有学问的；有见识的

[名师点津]　inform后不能直接带双宾语，而是借助于介词of/about，构成inform sb. of/about sth. 结构。

即时练2

单句语法填空

①The Internet allows us to educate ourselves and make more ________ (inform) choices and decisions without leaving our homes.

②The newspapers keep us ________ (inform) of what is going on around us at any time.

③The family breathed a sigh of relief when they ________ (inform) that the father was only slightly injured in the accident.

④We live in a world where there is more and more ________ (inform), and less and less meaning.

答案：①informed　②informed　③were informed　④information

一句多译

直到他通知我要开会了，我才意识到我还没有准备好我的提议。

⑤I wasn't aware that I had not been prepared for my proposal ______________________. (until)

⑥____________________ was I aware that I had not been prepared for my proposal. (until倒装)

答案：⑤until he informed me of the meeting　⑥Not until he informed me of the meeting

3 demand　n. 要求；需求　vt. 强烈要求

It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded  damages if we were wrong.(P26)

这是一个两难问题，因为如果我们错了，那个足球队员就可以要求补偿损失。

(1)demand sth. 要求某物

demand to do ... 要求做……

demand doing/to be done 需要被做

demand that ... (should) do ... 要求……(从句用虚拟语气，should可省略)

(2)in great demand 需求量很大

meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求

[名师点津]　demand不能用于demand sb. to do sth. 结构；“向某人要某物”不能用demand sb.sth. 结构，要用demand sth.of sb. 结构。

即时练3

单句语法填空

①They think learning English well is one of the ________ (demand) of modern society and will do good to our future career.

②My demand is that the information referred to in my report ________ (e­mail) to Mr Brown without delay.

③My car demands/needs/requires ________ (repair), so I have to go to work by bus.

答案：①demands　②(should) be e­mailed　③repairing/to be repaired

单句写作

④经理要求工人加班，以提前完成任务。

The manager ________________________ extra hours to complete the task ahead of time.

答案：demanded that the workers (should) work

(1)concentrate on (doing) sth. 专心(做)某事

concentrate one's attention/efforts/energy/mind on sth. 集中注意力/力量/精力/思想于某事

(2)concentration n. 集中；专心

(3)其他表示“专心于；集中于”的短语

focus/fix ... on ... 集中……于……

put one's heart into ... 专心于……；一心一意去……

be absorbed in ... 专心于……

apply oneself/one's mind to ... 专心于……

pay attention to ... 专心于……；注意……

put one's mind to ... 专心于……

[名师点津]　以上短语中in, to, on, into都是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。

即时练1

单句语法填空

①________ (concentrate) on your study, and you will make greater progress.

②She worked late into the night, ________ (concentrate) on her speech for the conference.

答案：①Concentrate　②concentrating

一句多译

他骑车上学时，只顾着看路边的商店，结果把一个老人撞倒了。

③________________________ the shops along the roadside, he knocked an old man down while riding to school. (with复合结构作状语)

④____________________ the shops along the roadside, he knocked an old man down while riding to school. (现在分词作状语)

答案：③With all his attention concentrated on　④Concentrating all his attention on

(1)depend on sb.  for sth. 靠某人供给某物

depend on sb. doing sth./depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事

depend on/upon it that ... 指望/相信……

(2)That depends. /It all depends. 视情况而定。

(3)independent adj. 独立的；自主的

(4)independence n. 独立

即时练2

单句语法填空

①You may depend on ________ that all the goods will be shipped abroad on time.

②We should show concern for Mr Smith, an eighty­year­old man near our home, because now he has nobody ________ (depend) on.

③The teacher will put forward a variety of questions, ________ (depend) on your different answers.

答案：①it　②to depend　③depending

(1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控某人(做)某事

(2)charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事

(3)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 责备某人(做)某事

即时练3

单句语法填空

①He has been charged ________ trying to blow up the airliner as it was coming in to land.

②The secretary had to resign after she was accused ________ giving away the secret of the company.

③As it is just a coincidence, no one should be to blame ________ it.

④The shop assistant was dismissed as she ________ (accuse) of cheating customers.

⑤The ________ (accuse) man proved his innocence by proving that he was abroad when the murder was committed.

答案：①with　②of　③for　④was accused　⑤accused

(1)否定副词never置于句首，句子需用部分倒装结构。

(2)常用否定副词和含有否定意义的介词短语还有：not, little, seldom, hardly, scarcely, neither, nor, at no time, by no means, in no case,  in no way,  on no condition等。

即时练1

单句写作

①我永远不会忘记发生在我的童年里的那个意外事件，它给我留下了很深的印象。

____________________ the accident that happened in my own childhood, which left a deep impression on me.

②我记不住这些生词，也不能流利地讲英语。

I couldn't memorize the new words, ____________ English fluently.

③第二天早上，我们刚离开宿舍，就意识到我们把地图忘在房间里了。

______________ the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.

④我们决不能放弃梦想，只有我们坚持自己的梦想，才能够克服各种挑战。

On no condition __________________； only if we can stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of challenges.

答案：①Never will I forget　②nor could I speak　③Hardly/Scarcely had we left　④can we give up our dreams

“be to＋动词原形”的常见用法：

(1)表示按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事。

(2)语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to, 表示命令、吩咐或禁止的语气。

(3)表示不可避免将要发生或以后注定要发生的事情。意为“注定/一定会……”。

(4)用于条件从句，意为“如果想；设想”(接近于if ... want to/if ... should)。

[名师点津]　(1)如果表示未曾实现的打算或计划，要用was/were to have done形式。

(2)be about to do ... 表示即将发生的动作，该结构不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用，常用于be about to do sth. when ... 结构中。

(3)be going to do ... 多用于口语，强调事先打算、计划要做某事或根据某种迹象要发生某事。

即时练2

单句写作

①他们约定明天上午10点一起去看这位老师。

They __________________ to the teacher together at 10 am tomorrow.

②你们必须在今天下午五点以前完成这项任务。

You __________________ the work before five this afternoon.

③他的理论势必要改变(人类)对宇宙的看法。

His theory ________________ the views on the universe.

④如果你想成功的话，你必须更认真地对待整个项目。

You must take the whole project more seriously if you __________________.

⑤我想知道这次事故是哪个司机的责任。

I wonder which driver __________________ for the accident.

答案：①are to pay a visit　②are to finish　③was to change　④are to succeed　⑤is to blame

倒装

完全倒装

1．完全倒装是把谓语动词完全置于主语前，其中主语必须是名词，若为代词则不倒装。这种结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。

2．完全倒装的结构

(1)在here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off, away等表示时间和运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首以示强调时，句子要全部倒装，谓语动词常用come, go, be, lie, run, rush等。

①Away went the boy.

这个男孩离开了。

(2)表示地点的介词短语置于句首时。

②Under the table sleeps a white cat.

→A white cat sleeps under the table.

一只白猫睡在桌子下。

(3)某些表语置于句首时。

a．表语为介词短语

③Inside the parcel was a note.

包裹里有张便条。

b．表语为形容词

④Present at the meeting were many guests.

出席会议的客人很多。

[重点提示]　

上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主语、谓语不需要倒装。

部分倒装

1．部分倒装是把be/助动词/情态动词提到主语的前面，即助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＋谓语动词。

2．部分倒装的几种情形

(1)“only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时，要进行部分倒装，即“only＋状语”置于句首时要部分倒装，但“only＋主语”不倒装。

⑤Only then did she realize how much damage had been caused.

到那时她才意识到已经造成了多么大的伤害。

(2)否定词位于句首时要部分倒装，高考常考的词汇有：never, not, seldom, hardly, nowhere, little, by no means,  at no time等。

⑥I've tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.

我已经非常努力地提高我的英语水平，但老师一点也不满意我的进步。

(3)not until引导的从句位于句首引起的主句部分倒装。

⑦The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

→Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

直到孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间。

(4)as/though引导的让步状语从句部分倒装，构成为：

名词/形容词/副词/动词/分词＋as/though＋主语＋其他。

⑧Though it might sound strange, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.

→Strange though it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.

尽管他的主意可能听起来奇怪，但会议上所有人都接受了。

[重点提示]　

从句的表语是名词时，被倒装的名词前不加冠词。

Child as he is, he has to make a living.

尽管他是一个孩子，但他不得不谋生。

(5)so, nor, neither开头的句子要部分倒装。

前一分句是肯定句，后一分句用so引导，意为“某人/某事也……”；前一分句是否定句，后一分句用neither/nor引导，意为“某人/某事也不……”；倒装句中的谓语应与前面的谓语时态保持一致。

⑨He has been to Beijing. So have I.

他已经去过北京了，我也如此。

⑩Tom enjoys music. So do I.

汤姆喜欢音乐，我也如此。(我也喜欢音乐)

⑪Tom enjoys music. So he does.

汤姆喜欢音乐，他确实如此。(他确实喜欢音乐)

(6)表示“一……就……”句型需部分倒装的几种情形。

　(过去完成时)　　　　　　(一般过去时)

⑫No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang.

她一出去，电话就响了。

(7)not only ... but also, so ... that, such ... that引起的倒装情形中，通常遵循“前倒后不倒”的原则。

⑬Not only is he interested in football but he also plays well.

他不但对足球感兴趣，而且踢得很好。

(8)在省略if的虚拟条件句中，且从句中有were/should/had时需部分倒装，只需将were/should/had提至句首即可。

⑭If he had followed my advice, he would have succeeded.

→Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.

如果他听了我的建议，他就成功了。

即时练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．________ in this way will you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time properly.

答案：Only

2．It rained heavily overnight and not until this morning ________ it stop.

答案：did

3．On the river bank ________ (stand) a house where he once lived.

答案：stands

4．So clearly ________ he speak English that he can always make himself understood.

答案：does

5．Seldom ________ I seen a situation that made the teacher so angry.

答案：have

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Only when did he put his heart into his study did he realize his shortcomings.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：去掉第一个did

2．In no sense I agree with this suggestion.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：I前加do

3．You say he works hard. So does he, and so do you.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：does he→he does

4．In front of our school a newly­built playground on which we often play basketball.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：school后加is

5．Has he studied hard, he would have passed the exam.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：Has→Had

基础达标演练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．He is a ________ (gift) man and promises to be a famous musician.

答案：gifted

2．Not until one of his works ________ (publish) was he able to gain his confidence in writing.

答案：was published

3．Generally speaking, a political leader should have a good nose  ________ current affairs.

答案：for

4．He looks younger than his friend; in fact, he is three years senior ________ his friend.

答案：to

5．Our software, unless ________ (update) on a regular basis, may not serve us well in our work.

答案：updated

6．In our daily life, we sometimes come across a number of cases ________ people suffer from heart attacks.

答案：where

7．The manager was quite ________ (delight) that all the products had been sold out.

答案：delighted

8．Over the past ten years, our country has made ________ (admire) achievements in space exploration.

答案：admirable

9．As you know, ________ (acquire) a good knowledge of Chinese, you should learn more about Chinese culture and history.

答案：to acquire

10．I still feel ________ (guilt) about the things I said to my father when I was a teenager.

答案：guilty

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．All of you supposed to finish your homework before you go out to play football.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：supposed前加are

2．Today, we'll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English are likely to meet with.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：where→that/which

3．Although he has been studying abroad, his parents try to keep him inform of what has happened at home.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：inform→informed

4．He was driving home on the highway last night when he was stopped by a policeman, who accused him for speeding.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：for→of

5．My parents don't approve me making friends with him.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：approve后加of

Ⅲ.教材微写作

A．根据提示完成句子

1．上个月，我作为业余记者的第一项任务是采访一位著名的摄影师。(interview)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：Last month, my first assignment as an amateur journalist was to interview a famous photographer.

2．据我所知他非常专业，拍了很多令人赞赏的照片。(professional)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：As far as I'm concerned, he was professional and had taken many admirable photographs.

3．采访中，为了获得全部信息，我问了许多不同的问题。(in order to)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：During the interview, I asked many different questions in order to acquire all the information.

4．我不仅专注地听事实细节，还根据他的回答准备下一个问题。(concentrate on; depend on)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：Not only did I concentrate on listening to detailed facts, but I also prepared the next question depending on what he said.

5．为了让自己有更多的时间思考，我故意放慢进程。(slow down)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：I deliberately slowed down the process so as to let myself have more time to think.

B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范

答案：Last month, my first assignment as an amateur journalist was to interview a famous photographer. As far as I'm concerned, he was professional and had taken many admirable photographs. During the interview, I asked many different questions in order to acquire all the information. Not only did I concentrate on listening to detailed facts, but I also prepared the next question depending on what he said. I deliberately slowed down the process so as to let myself have more time to think.