2020版高考一轮复习英语新课改外研版学案：必修4Module2TrafficJam



(一)课前自主学习

Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．trolleybus n．　　　　　　　　 电车
2．cab n. 出租汽车；计程车
3．air­conditioned adj. 带空调的
4．double­decker n. 双层公共汽车
5．pedal vt.& vi. 骑车；踩……的踏板
6．tricycle n. 三轮脚踏车
7．roadwork n. (常作复数)道路施工
8．horn n. 喇叭；号角
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．wire n. 电线
2．display vt.& n．[纵联1] 展示；陈列
3．receipt n. 收据
4．fare n．[纵联2] 车费
5．destination n. 目的地；终点
6．route n. 路线
7．provide vt.[纵联3] 提供
8．single n. 单程票
adj. 单一的；单身的；单程的
9．return n. 往返票
v. 返回；报答
10．blow vt. 吹响(乐器，号角等)
11．congestion n. 拥塞；堆积
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．suburban adj.郊区的；市郊的→suburb n．郊区
2．permit n．执照；许可证→permission n．许可；允许[纵联4]
3．limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度→limited adj.有限的→unlimited adj.无限的
4．impressive adj.给人印象深刻的→impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记→impression n．印象→impressed adj.印象深刻的
5．convenient adj.方便的→convenience n．方便；便利
6．explore vt.探索→explorer n．探索者→exploration n．探索
7．react vi.反应→reaction n．反应；回应
8．solution n．解答；答案→solve vt.解决；解答
9．mood n．心情；心境→moody adj.喜怒无常的
10．registration n．执照；登记→register vi.登记；记录

纵联1.“展示，展览”大家看
①display n．& vt.展示；陈列　 ②show n．& v．展示
③exhibit v．展览 ④exhibition n．展示；展览会
⑤on show/exhibition/display在展出；展览中
纵联2.“费用”都要考虑到
①fare车费 ②expense花费
③charge费用；价钱 ④fine罚款
⑤fee费用；酬金 ⑥tip小费
纵联3.“提供，供应”多多益善
①provide提供 ②offer主动提供
③supply供应 ④equip配备；供应
⑤furnish供应 ⑥afford提供；给予
纵联4.“允许；禁止”要说明
①permit v．允许 ②allow v．允许
③admit v．允许 ④ban v．& n．禁止
⑤prohibit v．禁止 ⑥forbid v．禁止

单元话题——交通
子话题1　公路
　①pavement n．人行道 ②vehicle n．车辆；交通工具
③motorcycle n．摩托车 ④expressway n．(美)高速公路
⑤freeway n．高速公路 ⑥lorry n．卡车；货车
⑦tractor n．拖拉机 ⑧tram n．有轨电车
⑨garage n．车库；汽车修理厂 ⑩a private car私人汽车
子话题2　铁路
　①subway n．地铁 ②tube n．隧道
③underground n．地铁；地道 ④track/rail n．轨道
⑤carriage n．客车厢 ⑥platform n．平台；月台，站台
⑦high­speed railway高速铁路 ⑧express train特快列车
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2018·北京高考阅读D) While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self­driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams❶， cut emissions (排放) and offer❷ more 　❸　 (convenience), affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
①写出jams在本单元中的近义词：congestion
②用本单元的词汇替换offer：provide。offer可接双宾语结构，即offer sb.sth.
③用convenience的正确形式填空：convenient。­ence为名词后缀，表示行动、状况等，类似的词还有absence, confidence, difference, existence, presence等
2．(2012·湖北高考阅读B) Once you learn the 　❶　 (路线) map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore.New cities are just light­rail lines to be explored.And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolbox — and often an inadequate one, 　❷　 (limit) both your mobility and your wallet.
①根据汉语提示写出单词：route
②用limit的正确形式填空：limiting
高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·浙江高考写作)看到爸爸和保罗叔叔骑马给我留下了深刻印象。他们看起来真的很酷。(impress)
I_was_impressed_to_see_my_dad_and_Uncle_Paul_riding_horses.They_looked_really_cool.
2．(2014·上海高考书面表达)此外，提供一些关于职业规划的信息可以帮助我们发展我们的兴趣和潜力。(provide)
Besides,_being_provided_with_some_information_about_career_planning_can_help_us_develop_our_interest_and_potential.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．permit n．执照；许可证；通行证v.允许；许可；容许
[记牢]
(1)permit doing sth.　　　　　　 允许做某事
permit sb.(to do) sth. 允许某人(做)某事
(2)weather/time permitting＝if weather/time permits
天气/时间允许的话
(3)permission n．[U] 允许；许可
ask for permission 申请许可
without permission 未经许可
[练通] 单句语法填空
①Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to_cook (cook) in the kitchen.
②The reading room never permits taking (take) books out.
③(2017·浙江高考) She had asked the government for permission (permit) to move the books to a safe place, but they refused.
[写美]　翻译句子
④时间允许的话，我希望有更多的业余时间与朋友一起度过，以便我们能有更好的关系。
Time_permitting,_I_expect_to_have_more_spare_time_to_spend_with_my_friends_so_that_we_can_have_a_better_relationship.
[联想]　动词permit的常见用法：permit sb.to do sth./permit doing sth.，与permit用法类似的动词还有：
①allow sb.to do/doing sth.　　　　允许(某人)做某事
②forbid sb.to do/doing sth. 禁止(某人)做某事
③encourage sb.to do/doing sth. 鼓励(某人)做某事
④advise sb.to do/doing sth. 建议(某人)做某事
2．limit vt.限制；限定n.限制；(常作复数)范围；界限
[记牢]
(1)limit ...to ...　　　　 把……限定在……范围内
(2)set a limit to sth. 对……限定范围
within the limits of 在……范围内
go beyond the limit 超过限度
(3)limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 无限的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Having realized that your time is limited (limit), you'll have to study for your goals without anger and hesitation.
②Besides, many parents have limited (limit) knowledge about what a balanced diet is.
③The couple set a limit to the expense of the trip for their daughter.
④Scientists have known how to use the limitless (limit) power of the sun.
补全句子
⑤They believe that you will go_beyond_the_limit,_and go beyond yourselves.
他们相信，你们将超越极限、超越自己。
[用准]　limit ...to ...和set a limit to sth.短语中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
[写美]　翻译句子
⑥(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)文章的长度应该限制在400词左右。
The_length_of_the_article_should_be_limited_to_400_words_or_so.
3．provide vt.提供；规定；准备；供应
[记牢]
　　　向某人提供某物
(2)provided (that) ...＝providing (that) ...倘若；在……情况/条件下
[练通]　单句语法填空
①The police will reward whoever provides/has_provided (provide) useful information to catch the robber.
②You should provide a qualified witness for your application.
③The website provides students with free information about how to choose a good college.
[写美]　补全句子
④(2018·浙江高考写作)下午，我问保罗叔叔我是否可以骑马，他说可以，只要我爸爸和我一起去。
In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, provided_(that)/providing_(that)_my_dad_went_with_me.
4．convenient adj.方便的；便利的
[记牢]
(1)It is/was convenient for sb.to do sth.
对于某人来说做某事是方便的
sth.be convenient for/to sb. 某物对某人来说是方便的
(2)convenience n. 方便；便利
at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
for convenience 为了方便起见
for one's convenience 为了某人方便
(3)inconvenient adj. 不方便的；麻烦的
[练通]　单句语法填空
①Students think it is extremely convenient for them to_communicate (communicate) with the outside world using mobile phones.
②Bachelet says she selected it for convenience and I observe that it is also cheap.
③If you are interested, please send an application email at your earliest convenience.
[用准]　(1)convenience 意为“便利；方便”时，为不可数名词；意为“便利的事物或设施”时，为可数名词。
(2)convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for/to you，而不是when you are convenient。
[写美]　翻译句子
④(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果您方便的话，我们8点半在校门外集合。
If_it_is_convenient_for_you,_let's_meet_at_8：30_outside_the_school_gate.
[词汇过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Happiness is a way of travel, not a destination (目的地)．
2．I have $50, but that isn't nearly enough for my journey fare (车费)．
3．The road is under repair.Drivers are required to take some other routes (路线)．
4．It's the first time that the painting has been displayed (展示) to the public.
5．You'd better keep all your receipts (收据) for work­related expenses.
6．Don't try to solve a problem with a single (单一的) point of view; there may be many other ways of solving the same problem.
7．After they take everything into consideration, they trusted themselves more and returned (返回) to their positions.
8．The traffic congestion (拥塞) in the city gets even worse during the summer.
9．There are some very impressive (给人印象深刻的) buildings in the town.
10．Nowadays many countries begin to explore (探索) space.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．One of the solutions (solve) to the heavy traffic problem is to reduce the number of vehicles.
2．These new discoveries have broken new ground in the exploration (explore) of the universe.
3．Provided/Providing (provide) that he doesn't agree to help us, who should we turn to for help?
4．Some of his works are_being_displayed (display) in the museum at present.Would you like to go there with me to enjoy them?
5．Judging by his impressive (impress) performance, Peter will probably be accepted by a key university.
6．High­speed railway has become a popular means of transport, bringing great convenience (convenient) to our life.
7．He was surprised that his question should have caused such a strong reaction (react)．
8．By the end of last week, 600 people from 50 countries had_registered (register) to attend the meeting, with nearly half coming from the United States, Germany and Britain.
9．It is difficult to predict his reaction because he is so moody (mood)．
10．In recent years, some cities have begun to allow people to light fireworks during limited (limit) hours at the Spring Festival.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．如果天气允许的话，我们将在树林里野餐。(permit)
We'll have a picnic in the woods, weather_permitting.
2．警方对城镇范围内的驾驶速度设定了限制。(limit)
The police set_a_limit_to the driving speed within the limit of the town.
3．只要我身体足够好，我就会陪伴着你。(provide)
I will accompany you provided/providing_that I am well enough.
4．你能在方便的时候过来帮我一把吗？(convenient)
Can you come and give me a hand when_it_is_convenient_to/for_you?
5．工作了一整天后，他特别累，所以他没有心情和我们一起参加聚会。(mood)
After working all day, he was so tired that he was_in_no_mood_to_go to the party with us.

(一)课前自主学习

1．be/get_stuck_in　　　　 被困在……
2．in_no_time 　 [串记1] 马上；一会儿；立刻
3．get_around 到处旅行；四处走动
4．have_a_good_view_of 清楚地看到
5．switch_off 关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)
6．keep_cool 保持冷静
7．in_a_good_mood 情绪/心情好
8．be_connected_to 与……相连
9．what's_more [串记2] 而且；此外
10．no_way (俚语)肯定不；没门儿
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“立即，即刻”必备短语
①in no time立刻，马上　　　 ②in a flash即刻
③in an instant立即；马上 ④at once立即
⑤right now/away立刻 ⑥straight away立刻，马上
串记2.由“what's more”想到的
①what's worse 更糟的是
②to make matters worse 更糟的是
③worse still 更糟的是
④on the other (hand) 另一方面
⑤in addition 而且；此外

1．raise your hand　　　　　　　 举手
2．business permit 营业执照
3．public transport 公共交通
4．get crowded 变得拥挤
5．the rush hour 交通高峰期
6．in the suburb 在郊区
7．traffic jam 交通阻塞
8．in queues 排队
9．limit one's freedom 限制某人的自由
10．carry_out/perform a survey 进行一项调查
11．under construction 正在建设之中

1．Simply raise your hand, and_a_taxi_appears in no time.
只要你招招手，马上就会有出租车开过来。
2．It's a good idea to have_your_destination_written in Chinese.
把你的目的地用汉语写出来是一个不错的主意。
3．You should not_only listen to the teacher's and your classmates' pronunciation, but_also to tapes and broadcasting.
你不但应该听老师和同学们的发音，而且还要听录音带和广播。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语(补全句子)
1．(2012·四川高考完形填空) The wind parted the smoke just enough for him to catch sight of Sibson.But there was no_way (没有办法) to get to him.
2．(2010·湖北高考完形填空) She used to take the bus, but she was now too frightened to get_around (四处走动) the city by herself.
高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子/词汇升级)
1．(2017·浙江高考写作)我们要去四明山，在那里我们可以攀爬。此外，我们还可以和当地人民举行野餐会。
We will go to Siming Mountain, where we can have a climb.What's_more,_we can also hold a picnic party with the local people.
2．(2009·江西高考书面表达) If you are always happy, you will have an optimistic effect on the people around you.(用本单元短语升级加黑词)in_a_good_mood
3．(2018·北京高考书面表达)在你来之前先学习一些基本的汉语，你很快就会适应北京的生活。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
Learn_some_basic_Chinese_before_you_come,_and you will adjust yourself to the life here in Beijing soon.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．be/get stuck in被困在……
[记牢]
be stuck with　 遇到困难无法进行下去；被缠住无法摆脱
stick out 伸出；突出
stick to 坚持；信守
[练通]　选用上述短语填空
①Convinced of the accuracy of the data, they stuck_to their opinion.
②Will you help me with this mathematical problem? I am_stuck_with it.
③I could see one end of the letter sticking_out of John's pocket.
④I think there will be an invention that will help prevent drivers from getting_stuck_in traffic jams.
[写美]　翻译句子
⑤(2015·浙江高考书面表达)好的意见是值得坚持的，因为它们可以使我们所有人受益。
Good_opinions_are_worth_sticking_to_because_they_can_benefit_us_all.
[联想]　表示“被困在……”的短语还有：be/get caught in; be/get trapped in; be/get locked in; be/get blocked in等。
2．in no time马上；一会儿；立刻
[记牢]
in time　　　　　　　　 及时；终于；迟早
on time 按时；准时
at a time 每次；一次
at one time 曾经；一度
at times 有时；间或
at the same time 同时
at any time 随时，任何时候
at no time 在任何时候都不；决不
[练通]　选用上述短语填空
①This restaurant can accommodate two hundred people at_a_time.
②At_no_time did I tell you that you could use my computer.
③Generally speaking, my grandmother is nice and kind, but she can be very stubborn at_times.
④(2016·浙江高考) It is important to pay your electricity bill on_time,_as late payments may affect your credit.
⑤At_one_time Joan and I were good friends.I went to her for help at_any_time because she would always solve the problem in_no_time.Joan was clever, and at_the_same_time she was hard­working.So she always did well in exams.
[用准]　at no time位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
[写美]　翻译句子
⑥俗话说，“有志者，事竟成”。我们的努力将迟早会得到回报。
As_a_proverb_goes,_“Where_there_is_a_will,_there_is_a_way.”_Our_efforts_will_pay_off_in_time.
3．get around到处旅行；四处走动；(消息等)传播开来；说服；回避；克服(问题或困难)
[辨清]　写出下列句中get around的含义
①It's hard to get around in some foreign cities if you don't know the language.到处旅行
②We can get around the problem of space by building an extension.克服
③She's trying to get around her father to buy her a new car.说服
④The news soon got around that several people had been arrested for selling drugs.传播开来
⑤You can't get around the fact that the price was perfectly fair and reasonable.回避
[记牢]
get sth.across (to sb.)　 将(想法、信息等)传达(给某人)；
使被理解
get along/on with 进展；与……相处
get down to (doing) sth. 开始认真/着手做某事
get over 克服(困难)；解决(问题)
get through 通过(考试)；完成(工作或任务)；
打通电话
[练通]　选用上述短语填空
⑥I had created a way to get my message across while using as few words as possible.
⑦Because Anna made good preparations for the job interview, she finally got_through with it.
[写美]　补全句子
⑧我喜欢在假期到处走走，但每年的国庆节这天全国到处人山人海，因此我不得不待在家里。
I like toget_around_on_holiday,_but there are huge crowds of people all over the country on National Day every year, so I have to stay at home.
[句式集释]
1．have sth.done
[教材原句]　It's a good idea to have_your_destination_written in Chinese.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)He hoped to find a good way to have_his_written_English_improved in a short period.
他希望找到一种短时间内提高英语写作水平的好方法。
(2)Don't worry.I'll have_Tom_help you finish the work.
别担心。我让汤姆帮你完成这项工作。
(3)I can't have_you_speaking to your mother in such a rude manner.You must apologize to her immediately.
我不能让你对你妈妈说话这么粗鲁。你必须立即向她道歉。
(4)I have_a_lot_of_reading_to_complete before the end of this term.
在这学期结束之前，我有很多书要读。
(5)“Do you have_any_clothes_to_be_washed？” the servant asked.“你有衣服要洗吗？”仆人问。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)have sth.done使某事完成；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情；让/叫别人做某事
(2)have sb.do sth.让某人做某事
(3)have sb.doing sth.允许某人做某事(常用于否定句中)；使某人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中)
(4)have sth.to do有某事要做(主语自己做)
(5)have sth.to be done有某事要做(不是主语自己做)
注意事项
上面前三个结构中的have用作使役动词，过去分词done、无to不定式、现在分词doing作宾语补足语。过去分词与前面的宾语为被动关系，而无to不定式和现在分词与宾语之间为主动关系。
[背写作佳句]
(1)We planned to go visiting Yunnan in July, but I'm afraid I can't go now, because I have had my left foot injured in a football match.(开头句)
(2)Secondly, we had better try our best to recycle something so that we can have more resources to use.(要点句)
2．not only ...but also ...
[教材原句]　You should not_only listen to the teacher's and your classmates' pronunciation, but_also to tapes and broadcasting.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) Visiting this paper­cutting exhibition, we will not_only_enjoy_the_folk_art_works,_but_also learn a lot.
参观这次剪纸展览，我们不但能欣赏到民间艺术作品，而且学到很多。
(2)As we all know, reading classics can not only improve our studying career but also enrich our everyday life.(改为倒装句)
→As we all know, not_only_can_reading_classics_improve_our_studying_career but also enrich our everyday life.
(3)Not only Tom but also his classmates are (be) coming to visit the museum.
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)not only ...but also ...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。
(2)若连接两个句子，且not only 位于句首时，not only 后面的句子要用部分倒装。
(3)若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语的单复数通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
注意事项
连接并列主语，谓语动词应用就近一致原则的还有：
not ...but; neither ...nor; either ...or ...;or等。如：
In my opinion, not you but he is responsible for the accident.
[背写作佳句]
(1)Not only is he experienced and knowledgeable, but also patient and understanding.(要点句)
(2)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) The exhibition not only shows paper cuts in different regions, but also presents to us the history and development of paper­cutting in China.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.选词填空
keep cool， be/get stuck in， switch off， have a good view of， get around， in a good mood， in no time， what's more
1．He had his leg broken, but he often got_around with the help of a stick.
2．Keeping_cool in an urgent situation is a good quality for a man.
3．They chatted a lot on the phone and helped the girl get through the awful days and always put her in_a_good_mood.
4．You should get up early, so that you won't be/get_stuck_in the traffic jam.
5．Receiving the report that the plane crashed, the government took measures in_no_time.
6．Be sure to switch_off the light when you leave the office.
7．Physical exercise can help make muscles strong.What's_more,_it can help us get relaxed and study more efficiently.
8．The Dragon Tower, from whose top visitors can have_a_good_view_of Harbin, attracts hundreds of tourists every day.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译
1．我很讨厌这个与我一直在一起工作的伙伴，因为他很难相处。(get along with)
I am tired of the partner I have been working with because he is_hard_to_get_along_with.
2．我讨厌练习弹钢琴，但我坚持了下来，现在我可以弹得很好了。(stick to)
I hated practicing playing the piano, but I stuck_to_it and now I can play pretty well.
3．和快乐的人在一起，你就会每天都快乐。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
Stay_with_happy_people,_and_you_will_be happy every day.
4．在开车进城之前，你要把你的车洗了。(have sth.done)
Before driving into the city, you are required to have_your_car_washed.
5．智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间，而且对我们的身体健康非常有害。(not only ...but also ...)
①Smartphones not_only take up our valuable time, but_also_do_great_harm_to our health.
②Not_only_do_smartphones_take_up our valuable time, but_also_do_great_harm_to our health.(倒装句)
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
We have a pit_bull (比特犬)．We found him a few weeks ago, walking along the road in a rural area. He was jumping on cars, and we thought maybe his family was camping somewhere nearby, so we passed him by. A few hours later, on our return trip, he was still in the same place, again, trying to get folks to stop for him. When he saw us, he lay_down in the middle of the road, so we were unable to get around him.
We stopped the car and looked around for a few minutes, trying to figure_out if anyone was around from whom he was separated. It didn't appear so. Then we took a good look at the_dog. He had no collar and he was really thin. We decided he was abandoned.
My_husband said, “If he doesn't bite me when I try to pick him up to put him in the car, then we have a new dog.” The dog happily joined us with no fight at all.The only thing we were in_danger_of was getting licked (舔) to death. He kept sticking his head between the two front seats and thanking us for picking him up.
The dog was clearly on the road for some time. He was extremely under weight. He was covered in scars_and_new_wounds. We have guessed that some of the scars were from when he was on the road. We were thinking possible fights with coyotes (土狼), but he also looks as though he was used for fighting other dogs. We figured his incredibly sweet personality was the reason he was abandoned. He can not have been a good fighting dog.
So, we fed him a lot over the course of the next two weeks and he gained over twenty pounds.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
We took him to the vet，　


Paragraph 2：
Now we all love the dog very much. He once helped save me from trouble.　


[写作步骤]
第一步：速读全文
文本大意：文章讲述了一只被人遗弃的比特犬如何成为作者家里的一员的故事。他们在乡村旅行时，发现一只狗躺在路中间不肯挪开。这只狗没有颈圈，瘦骨嶙峋，显然被人遗弃有一段时间了。最后作者一家收留了这只性情温顺的狗。
叙述意图：文章告诉我们要善待动物、尊重生命。
第二步：细读全文
1．所给短文情景模式分析。
who
pit bull, my husband, we
what
A dog lay down in the middle of the road and we picked him up.
when
a few weeks ago
where
along the road in a rural area
why
The dog was abandoned.

2．对原文所提供的下划线词语进行分类。
★人物/动物：pit bull, the dog, my husband
★事件：in danger of, scars and new wounds, sweet
★动作与心理描写：lay down, figure out, abandon, fight
第三步：精心谋篇
1．Paragraph 1：We took him to the vet，
我们把他带到了兽医那里，
[情节分析]　由续写首句提供的信息以及全文的意思可知下文应说明兽医诊断的结果如何，采取了哪些措施，然后描写之后小狗发生的变化。
2．Paragraph 2：Now we all love the dog very much. He once helped save me from trouble.　如今我们都十分喜欢这只狗。有一次，他帮助我脱离险境。
[情节分析]　由所给首句内容可知下文要说明这只狗是如何帮助作者脱离险境的，进而使作者一家更加喜欢它，最后它成了作者家庭的一员。
第四步：初写成文
Paragraph 1：
1．我们带他去看兽医，兽医说这只狗尽管遭人遗弃但似乎健康良好。
We took him to the vet, and he said the dog appeared to be in_good_health,_despite his having been abandoned.
2．他从小狗的牙齿状况判断他大约两三岁了。
He guessed the dog was about two or three years of age, from the_condition_of_his_teeth.
3．兽医给他注射了所有需要的疫苗，并给他的伤疤和新伤口处敷了点药。
The vet gave him all the required vaccine shots and applied_some_medicine_to the scars and new wounds.
4．大约一个月后，这只狗变得既强健又可爱。
About a month later, the dog changed_into a strong and lovely one.
5．他既可爱又温柔。
He is both sweet and gentle.
Paragraph 2：
6．一天，我丈夫匆匆忙忙去上班，结果忘了关煤气。
One day my husband went to work in a hurry; as a result, he forgot to turn_off_the_gas.
7．正当我熟睡时，我听到狗狂叫。
I was_sleeping_soundly_when I heard the dog barking like crazy.
8．我被吵醒了，意识到家里一定发生了什么不寻常的事。
I was woken up, realizing something unusual must_have_happened in our house.
9．原来房子里充满了煤气，这使我处于危险之中。
It_turned_out_that the house was filled with gas, which made me in danger.
10．多亏了那条狗，我才避免了一场灾难。
Thanks to the dog, I avoided_a_disaster.
11．从那时起，比特犬就成了我们家庭的一员。
Since then, the pit bull has become a_member_of_our_family.
第五步：润色升级
1．用定语从句改写要点1。
We_took_him_to_the_vet,_who_said_the_dog_appeared_to_be_in_good_health,_despite_his_having_been_abandoned.
2．用高级词汇替换要点2中的guessed。
guessed→figured_out
3．用分词作状语改写要点6。
One_day_my_husband_went_to_work_in_a_hurry,_forgetting_to_turn_off_the_gas.
4．用owe ... to ...结构改写要点10。
I_owed_it_to_the_dog_that_I_avoided_a_disaster.
第六步：复查定稿
Paragraph 1：
We took him to the vet, who said the_dog appeared to be in good health, despite his having been abandoned. He figured_out the dog was about two or three years of age, from the condition of his teeth. Then the vet gave him all the required vaccine shots and applied some medicine to the scars_and_new_wounds. About a month later, the dog changed into a strong and lovely one. He is both sweet and gentle.
Paragraph 2：
Now we all love the dog very much. He once helped save me from trouble. One day my_husband went to work in a hurry, forgetting to turn off the gas. I was sleeping soundly when I heard the dog barking like crazy. I was woken up, realizing something unusual must have happened in our house. It turned out that the house was filled with gas, which made me in danger. I owed it to the dog that I avoided a disaster. Since then, the pit_bull has become a member of our family.

理清段落结构之(二)　顺承
三类顺承段落结构：1.按事情的发展顺序，也就是事情发生的起因——经过——结果。2.按时间的推移顺序，也就是按时间的先后顺序。这个顺序的描写方式，通常都有时间词语。3.按空间的观察顺序，也就是空间位置的不同。这个顺序的描写方式，通常有地理位置的词语。这种顺承关系是下文总结段落的基础和例证。
[高考典例1]　2018·天津卷·阅读表达
[1]Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain， all people encounter mountains in their life.
[2]When I was a little girl， my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after school， while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain， I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these steps lead to？ Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.
[3]I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top！ But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mum would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.
[4]Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be a castle up there？ Maybe I would find a monster (怪物).Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home. Or， maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing！ But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
[5]Now we live in a world surrounded by the “can’t do” attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what’s at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream！ Never let anyone tell you，“You can’t.” Dream big and climb high！
2～4三段文字以时间和空间为序，依次顺序承接，叙述了“我”的一次爬山过程，是下文总结段落的基础和例证。
“承接下文”的句子
“承接下文”的句子

“承接下文”的句子
　　　　⇩总结出


[高考典例2]　2017·全国卷Ⅰ·B篇
[1]I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
[2]I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground.When I arrived, I saw a 2­ to 3­week­old owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
[3]I examined the chick (雏鸟) and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
[4]The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
[5]Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
[6]A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
前五段文字以时间为序，依次顺承连接，其过程为“got a rescue call→examined→placed→parents→responded”，展示了作者成功救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟的经历。