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2020版高考英语新创新一轮复习外研版讲义：选修8Module3ForeignFood
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Module 3 Foreign Food
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．artificial adj. 人造的；人工的
2．bakery n. 面包店
3．barbecue n. 烧烤野餐
4．chew v. 咀嚼
5．cookie n. 小甜饼；甜饼干
6．dessert n. 甜食
7．fragrant adj. 香的，芳香的
8．ripe adj. (水果或庄稼)成熟的
9．grill v. 烧烤；烤制
10．microwave n. 微波
11．mushroom n. 蘑菇
12．mutton n. 羊肉
13．recipe n. 烹饪法；食谱
14.roast adj. 烤好的；烤制的
15．tongue n. 舌头
16．stove n. 炉子
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．altogether adv. 总的说来；总而言之
2．dish n. 一道菜
3．guest n. 客人
4．fry v. 煎；炸；炒
5．pattern n. 图案
6．owe v. 应给予
7．trend n. 趋势，趋向
8．casually adv. 随意地
9．menu n. 菜单
10．ample adj. 充足的；充裕的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．manner n．方式/法；态度；举止→manners n．礼仪/貌
2．poison n．毒药/素v.毒害→poisonous adj.有毒的
3．greedily adv.贪婪地→greedy adj.渴望的；贪婪的→greed n．贪欲；贪婪
4．transform v．转化；转变→transformation n．转化
5．requirement n．要求→require v．要求；需要
6．entertain v．招/款待；请客→entertainment n．娱乐；款待
7．remark v．谈到，说起n.意见；评论→remarkable adj.不寻常的；值得注意的
8．taste n．味道；品味；爱好v.尝；体会→tasty adj.美味可口的→tasteless adj.无滋味的
9．consume v．(正式)吃；喝；消耗；消费→consumer n．消费者；用户→consumption n．消费；消耗量
10．gradual adj.逐渐/步的→gradually adv.逐渐/步地
11．abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的→abundance n．丰富；充裕
12．customer n．顾客→customs n．海关；关税→custom n．风俗
13．consequence n．后果→consequent adj.作为后果的
[语境活用]
1．This is strictly required,_so if you don't match this requirement,_please do not send your resume.(require)
2．Though the soup is tasty,_I've lost my sense of taste and it tastes just like tasteless water.(taste)
3．She often greets me in a friendly manner,_so I think she is a person with good manners.(manner)
4．It is reported that some children were poisoned by the poisonous food.(poison)
5．Russia is a country which is very abundant in natural resources.Especially its abundance of oil and natural gas bring in large income every year.(abundant)
6．If a customer wants to bring the goods he buys abroad back to inland, he has to pay some customs when he passes through the customs.(custom)
7．As is known to all, education is a gradual process, and people are gradually aware of its importance.(gradual)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.no_wonder 难怪
2．end_up 结束
3．set_fire_to 放火烧……
4．make_out 看出，理解
5．such_as 例如，像
6．have_...in_common 与……有共同点
7．go_against 违反，违背
8．in_short 总之；简言之
9．be_obsessed_with 对……痴迷；沉迷于
1.She didn't recognize the man who hit her because she could only make_out a dark shape moving towards her.
2．Now that there are only a few minutes left, we'd better talk about the plan in_short.
3．Always surrounded by honors, praises and gifts, young kids nowadays are easy to suffer psychological problems when things go_against them.
4．The Internet keeps us informed of the latest news and also provides entertainment in the house.It is no_wonder that it's so popular worldwide.
5．The couple never have words because they have much in_common with each other.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.I had eaten Chinese food often, but I could not have imagined how fabulous a real Chinese banquet could be.
我以前也经常吃中餐，但从没有想到真正的中式宴席会那么丰盛。
could not have done sth.“(过去)不可能做过某事”。
他不可能离开了，因为他的大衣还在这儿。
He could_not_have_left because his coat is still here.
2.No wonder my fellow guests had had only a few bites of each dish; they knew what was still to come.
怪不得跟我一起的客人每道菜也就浅尝几口；他们知道还有什么菜要上。
(It's) no wonder (that)意为“难怪；怪不得”。
(2017·北京高考书面表达)难怪这个视频受到了欢迎，他们提前做了大量的工作。
No_wonder_the_video_is_well_received,_they have done so much work in advance.
3.But one thing I do admire is the polite manner in which British people eat, even if it is just a potato.
但是让我非常钦佩的一件事是英国人吃饭的举止，哪怕仅仅是一个土豆，他们也会吃得斯斯文文。
“do＋动词原形”表示对谓语的强调。
(2017·北京高考书面表达)沿着长江的旅行一定会使你对中国的历史有很多了解。
The trip along the Yangtze River does_make_you_learn a lot about the history of China.
二、课堂重点深化
1．owe v．应给予；欠(账、钱、人情等)；归因于；归功于
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.
②He owes his entire life to his mother's kindness and care.
[系统归纳]
(1)owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物
(2)owe ...to ... 把……归功于……；为……而感谢
owe it to sb.that ... 多亏某人……
(3) owing adj. 未付的，欠着的
owing to 因为；由于
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③Owe to your help, I have made great progress.Owe→Owing
佳句时时写
④当问及他的成功时，他说他的成功多半归功于他的家庭。
When asked of his success, he said he owed_much_of_his_success_to his family.
2．remark v．谈到，说起；注意到；评论 n．意见；评论
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①As we all know, the West Lake is remarkable (remark) for her beautiful scenery.
同义替换
②It's bad manners to remark on/upon the appearance of others.
→It's bad manners to make_a_remark/remarks_on/about/upon the appearance of others.
[系统归纳]
(1)remark on/upon 谈论，评论，对……发表意见
remark that ... 谈起/说起……
(2)make a remark/remarks on/about/upon ... 对……发表评论，对……评头论足
(3)remarkable adj. 显著的，非凡的，值得注意的
be remarkable for 以……著称/引人瞩目
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③When she is put in a situation where she has to remark others, she usually changes the topic.remark后加on/upon
佳句时时写
④随着人们生活水平的显著提高，妇女的地位也提高了很多。
With_the_remarkable_improvement_of_people's_living_standard,_women's status has improved a lot.
3．consequence n．后果；结果(可数)；重要性(不可数)
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Consequently (consequent), some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.
[系统归纳]
(1)as a consequence＝in consequence 因此，结果
as a consequence of＝in consequence of 因为……的缘故；由于
(2)answer for the consequences 对后果负责
take/accept the consequences of 承担……的后果
(3)consequent adj. 随之发生的，作为结果的
consequently adv. 因此，结果；所以
[重点强化]
易错处处防
②As consequence of global warming, the sea level is rising.As后加a
佳句时时写
③因此，学生们能够积极地参与课堂活动。
As_a_consequence/In_consequence/Consequently,_students could take an active part in the class.
4．transform v．转化，转变；改造；变换
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①She helps transform literature into braille to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers.
②The economic framework of the 21st century is going through new transformation (transform)．
[系统归纳]
(1)transform ...into ... 把……变成……
transform sb./sth.from ... 把某人/物从……中转变
(2)transformation n. 变化，转变；改观
transformation from ...to ... 从……到……的转变
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③Under a new tenyear plan, our company is being transformed to an international corporation.to→into
佳句时时写
④新的科技和买卖方式正在改变着消费者的生活。
New technologies and ways of buying and selling are_transforming_the_lives of consumers.
表示“把……变成……”的其他表达：
①turn ...into ... ②change ...into ...
1．make out看出，听出；辨认出；理解；填写；假装；声称
[自主体验]
写出下列句中make out的含义
①She made out a check and handed it to me.填写
②Without my glasses, I couldn't make out whether that figure on the blackboard was a three or an eight.辨认出
③The students present at the meeting could not make out what he was talking about; it was too difficult for them to understand.理解
[系统归纳]
make for 朝……行进；对……有好处；有利于
make up 组成；编造；化妆；占据
make up for 弥补，补偿
make up one's mind 下决心，决定
[重点强化]
用适当的介、副词填空
④In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations.
⑤Hard work can often make up for a lack of ability.
佳句时时写
⑥我决定坚持我的梦想直到有一天它变成现实。
I make_up_my_mind_to_hold_on_to my dream till one day it comes true.
僻义牢牢记
⑦Let's make out that we are trapped on a desert island.假装
2．“助动词do/does/did＋动词原形”表示强调
[教材原句] But one thing I do_admire is the polite manner in which British people eat, even if it is just a potato.
[自主体验]
①(2016·10月浙江高考) She did_reach the station just as the train came into sight.她的确就在刚一看火车时到达了车站。
②Some experts say with more practice, small talk does_get_easier.
一些专家说多练习，闲聊确实就会变得更加容易。
③Do_be_careful with that vase!
务必小心那个花瓶！
[归纳点拨]
用法
规则
(1)“did＋动词原形”强调过去的动作
(2)“does＋动词原形”强调现在的动作
(3)“do＋动词原形”强调现在的动作
注意
事项
(1)对谓语动词表示强调时，一定要注意人称和时态，只能对肯定句的一般现在时和一般过去时进行强调。
(2)在祈使句中使用“Do＋动词原形”形式，往往不表示命令，而是表示强烈的请求。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you will succeed.
②(精彩收尾句)(2018·北京高考书面表达)If you have any other questions, do let me know.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自我”中的“饮食与健康”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——饮食与健康
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①mental ②physical ③necessary ④taste
⑤energy ⑥recover ⑦lifestyle ⑧habit
⑨fat ⑩effect ⑪strong ⑫breathe
⑬contain ⑭tired ⑮diet ⑯figure
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①refresh v． (使)精神振作 ②nutrition n. 营养；滋养
③snack n. 小吃零食及其他 ④bacteria n. 细菌
⑤protein n. 蛋白质 ⑥vitamin n. 维生素
⑦fiber n. 纤维 ⑧intake n. 摄入量
⑨calorie n. 卡路里；热量 ⑩cuisine n. 饭菜；菜肴
⑪beancurd n. 豆腐 ⑫porridge n. 稀饭；粥
⑬mineral n 矿物质 ⑭cheese n. 奶酪
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①be rich in 富含
②be high/low in 含……高/低
③be helpful to 对……有帮助
④stay up 熬夜；不睡觉
⑤go to bed early and get up early 早睡早起
⑥be harmful to/do harm to 对……有害
⑦keep healthy both physically and mentally
保持身心健康
⑧build up one's body 增强某人的体质
⑨develop a healthy eating habit 养成健康的饮食习惯
⑩for lack of 由于缺乏
⑪attach much more importance to 非常重视
⑫concentrate on 集中精力于
⑬take an active part in 积极参加
⑭consist of 包括
⑮keep fit 保持健康
⑯balanced diet 均衡的饮食
(四)写作佳句背一背①The majority of people take in too much fat and not enough fiber, which does great harm to their health.
②Eating in a healthy way and exercising regularly are the key to keeping healthy.
③As far as I'm concerned, we should develop a healthy eating habit to build up our strength.Only in this way can we have enough energy to study.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
假定你是李华，是一名高中生。最近，你的笔友Amy给你寄来一封信，说她因发胖感到非常苦恼。请根据下列写作要点给她写一封建议信。内容包括：
1．注意饮食合理，营养均衡；
2．经常锻炼，保证睡眠充足；
3．调整心态。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Amy，
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
(用方框内的词汇翻译句子)
keep fit, upset, balanced diet, relaxed, weight, take regular exercise, be helpful to, in shape
1．非常遗憾得知你很伤心。
I'm_sorry_to_hear_that_you_are_upset.
2．下面是关于如何保持身体健康的建议。
The_following_are_some_tips_on_how_to_keep_fit.
3．你需要有均衡的饮食。
You_need_have_a_balanced_diet.
4．经常锻炼和保证睡眠充足是非常重要的。
It_is_important_to_take_regular_exercise_and_have_enough_sleep.
5．像骑车和散步这类运动能帮助你保持体形。
Sports_like_riding_and_walking_can_help_keep_you_in_shape.
6．充足的睡眠使你身体得到放松。
Enough_sleep_makes_your_body_relaxed.
7．不必担心体重。
There_is_no_need_to_worry_about_your_weight.
8．身体健康最重要。
Health_is_the_most_important.
9．我希望我的建议对你会有帮助。
I_hope_my_tips_will_be_helpful_to_you.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
10．在第1句中增加原因状语从句“因为你体重增加”。
I'm_sorry_to_hear_that_you_are_upset_because_you_have_put_on_weight.
11．在第3句后增加“不要吃含太多糖和脂肪的食物。它们会使你很容易发胖”。
You_need_have_a_balanced_diet._Don't_eat_the_foods_containing_too_much_sugar_and_fat.It_will_make_you_put_on_weight_easily.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
1．用否定副词与比较级连用表示最高级升级第8句。
Nothing_is_more_important_than_health.
2．用do强调谓语升级第9句。
I_do_hope_my_tips_will_be_helpful_to_you.
3．用which引导定语从句升级第11句。
You_need_have_a_balanced_diet._Don't_eat_the_foods_containing_too_much_sugar_and_fat,_which_will_make_you_put_on_weight_easily.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
根据语句间的逻辑关系，可添加过渡性词汇first of all， besides， last but not least， in my opinion连句成文。
Dear Amy，
I'm_sorry_to_hear_that_you_are_upset_because_you_have_put_on_weight.The_following_are_some_tips_on_how_to_keep_fit.
First_of_all,_you_need_have_a_balanced_diet.Don't_eat_the_foods_containing_too_much_sugar_and_fat,_which_will_make_you_put_on_weight_easily.Besides,_it_is_important_to_take_regular_exercise_and_have_enough_sleep.Sports_like_riding_and_walking_can_help_keep_you_in_shape.Enough_sleep_makes_your_body_relaxed.Last_but_not_least,_there_is_no_need_to_worry_about_your_weight.In_my_opinion,_nothing_is_more_important_than_health.
I_do_hope_my_tips_will_be_helpful_to_you.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I owe (归功于) my success to my parents and my teachers.
2．Good manners (礼貌) are very important in the communication of daily life.
3．The shop ordered a great deal of goods to meet the requirements (要求) of consumers.
4．If we toy with nature, we will have to deal with the consequences (后果)．
5．There is a trend (趋势) that more and more people begin to study English as a second language.
6．The city is dotted with small lakes, natural and artificial (人工的)．
7．The customers (顾客) are pleased with the service of the restaurant.
8．The burning plastic gave off poisonous (有毒的) gas, which is harmful to our health.
9．There is abundant (充足的) evidence that a person's character is reflected in their handwriting.
10．There are altogether (总共) 200 people in the village, including the old people and children.
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．The western food has a lot ❶in common that it is ❷abundant (abundance) in fat and high calories.No wonder it can make people fat.So parents should guide their children to balance their diets and don't allow them to eat fried chips or hamburgers ❸casually (casual)．
2．❶Remarking (remark) Chinese food, we know that it is often considered as healthy food, but with people's lifestyle changing, there is a trend ❷that many people go ❸against their own habits of dieting and become unhealthy.I think they must owe their unhealth ❹to their bad diet habits.
Ⅲ.语境改错
1．文中共有5处错误，每句中最多有两处，请找出并改正。
Tom owed it for us and remarked that it could otherwise have caused a fire thanks to our time finding.We didn't make up why he set fire to the hill.He made no answer the first time when we asked him about it.Later, he transformed his thought, realizing his mistakes and volunteered to protect the hill.
答案：第一句：for→to; time→timely
第二句：up→out
第三句：去掉when
第四句：realizing→realized
2．文中共有5处错误，每句中最多有两处，请找出并改正。
Li Gang used to be a top student in our class, but last term he was obsessed of computer games.As consequence, he couldn't concentrate on his study, which does make his mother worried.His mother determined to change him.Eventually, with his help, he got rid of the bad habit and was admitting to a key university.
答案：第一句：of→with
第二句：As后加a; does→did
第四句：his→her; admitting→admitted
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子
1．他确实有一个可爱的女儿，但是我们没人认识她。(“do＋动词原形”强调谓语)
He does_have_a_lovely_daughter,_but none of us knows her.
2．他不可能出国了。我刚才还看见他了。(could not have done)
He couldn't_have_gone_abroad.I saw him just now.
3．你昨天晚上睡觉太晚，难怪你今天早上上课迟到了。(no wonder)
You went to bed very late last night; no_wonder_you_were_late_for class this morning.
Ⅴ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
Nowadays, fast food is becoming increasingly popular in China, especially among children and teenagers.
There are several reasons for its ❶popularity (popular)．First, it is so ❷convenient (convenience) to get fast food that it can save a lot of time.You just go into a fast food restaurant, ❸order_your_food (点食物), and your food is ready in no time.Secondly, its popularity also results from the clean and comfortable environment of fast food restaurants and the excellent ❹service (serve) there.
However, fast food is ❺far_from (远非) satisfactory in nutrition, especially for the health and ❻growth (grow) of the children and young adults. Therefore, doctors suggest that people, especially children, should eat as little fast food as possible.I quite agree to their ❼suggestions (suggest)．In my opinion, fast food is the best ❽choice (choose) when you are too busy to spare enough time. But you'd better turn to it once in a while.
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空
snack， style， spicy， dish， consume， banquet， is famous for， fried， celebration， characteristics
Jiangxi cuisine, also called Gan Cuisine, refers to the native cooking ❶styles of Jiangxi Province in southern China.Jiangxi cuisine has a long history and consists of local ❷dishes.In particular, special local products are widely popular.There are various kinds of Jiangxi local ❸snacks and pastries cooked by different methods, all of which have their own ❹characteristics. Like the cuisines of neighboring provinces, Jiangxi cuisine favors ❺spicy flavors.Another characteristic of Jiangxi cuisine is that cold or raw dishes are rarely seen there.The reason is that it uses tea oil as its primary cooking oil.If the raw tea oils ❻consumed,_it will cause severe stomach problems for most people.
Due to its geography, fish ❼banquet is also one of the characteristics of Jiangxi cuisine.It ❽is_famous_for its excellent freshwater fish banquets.The last characteristic of Jiangxi cuisine is the frequent use of fermented soybean — douchi (豆豉) in Chinese pronunciation and tofu.❾Fried tofu is a must for everyone during the ❿celebration of the Spring Festival.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Generally speaking, your arrival shouldn't be later than the fixed (fix) time.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling (grill) guests on the sofa every morning.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Speaking of table manners (manner), keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Over 300 years its population grew gradually (gradual) from 800 people to 8 million.
5．(2018·江苏高考)Based on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack, saw interesting films and tasted (taste) delicious foods.
6．(2018·天津高考)In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts (dessert) it serves are 3Dprinted, rather than farm to table.
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment (entertain) aspect of the music has been lost.
8．(2017·浙江高考)Other European countries laid down a similar requirement (require) for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher.
9．(2015·湖北高考)The building has a remarkable (remark) shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”．
10．(2012·陕西高考)The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dishes (dish)．
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用consequence, consumer, casually填空)
1．(2017·江苏高考完形填空)When he began practicing, he took it very __50__.But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.casually
2．(2015·安徽高考完形填空)All around the world, we can see the __50__ of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.consequences
3．(2012·湖北高考完形填空)I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV.One day, a sociologist proposed that the __31__ society has been consuming modern humans little by little.consumer
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：身体健康是人们最宝贵的财富，而合理饮食是健康的基础。均衡饮食，保持身心健康，才能让生命之花长久绽放！顺应时代潮流，“饮食与健康”类话题成为高考命题的热点话题之一，建议同学们多多关注健康饮食的相关材料。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]In the dead of winter, we don't typically think about spending time outdoors, but according to many physicians we should.The sun is our greatest source of a vitamin that is essential for good health — Vitamin D.
[2]This important vitamin strengthens bones and teeth and is linked to the prevention of heart disease, cancer and many other lifethreatening diseases.The recommended daily requirement is 400600 International Units (IU)．In summer, people with dark brown eyes and darker skin turn sunlight from just 15 minutes outside without sunscreen into adequate amounts of Vitamin D.
[3]Even during winter, just a 10minute walk at midday can keep the body's Vitamin D at healthy levels.During brief winter walks, we receive the greatest benefits when we wear no sunscreen and expose as much skin to the sun as possible.
[4]Vitamin D can be also obtained from foods.Salmon is one of the best sources of the Vitamin.Egg yolks (蛋黄), cheese, mushrooms and some animal organs contain smaller quantities of it.
[5]To attract consumers, food companies add Vitamin D to some of their milk products. The practice of putting the Vitamin into milk began in the 1930s.At that time, many children were suffering from rickets, an illness that is caused by a deficiency (缺乏) of Vitamin D．It made the children's bones soft and weak.Adding Vitamin D to milk helped to solve the problem, and it has been available ever since.
[6]For people who still need more Vitamin D, there is another option: Take Vitamin D supplements (补充物)．These products are widely sold in stores.However, anyone considering taking supplements should consult a physician first.
语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了维生素D的一些情况。
1．During the winter months, people ________.
A．aren't able to meet their deadlines
B．often don't dress warmly enough
C．generally like to remain indoors
D．leave lots of work for others to do
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the dead of winter, we don't typically think about spending time outdoors, but according to many physicians we should.”可知，在冬天人们愿意待在室内。
2．According to the text, Vitamin D ________.
A．can be obtained by being exposed to the sun
B．can be used to cure lifethreatening diseases
C．can be mainly found in some milk products
D．can make the children's bones soft and weak
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知，维生素D可以通过晒太阳获得，故选A。
3．Why is salmon mentioned in this article?
A．It's seldom prepared in the correct way.
B．It's a useful addition to a person's diet.
C．It has a huge impact on the environment.
D．Its advantages have been exaggerated.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，三文鱼是补充维生素D的食物，因此对我们的饮食是有用的补充物，故选B。
4．The main purpose of this article is ________.
A．to introduce a valuable nutrient
B．to advertise Vitamin D supplements
C．to note risks associated with a nutrient
D．to explain how a nutrient was discovered
解析：选A 写作意图题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍一种营养成分——维生素D。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
主旨大意技法(7)——根据段落大意，提炼概括文章大意
文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。如上文中主题句不明显，但是每段的中心很明显，文章介绍了如何得到足量的维生素D的三种方式：from the sun; from foods和Take Vitamin D supplements。把每段中心意义连接起来，便很容易得出整篇的文章的中心为“To introduce a valuable nutrient”，故第4题选A。
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·湖南六校联考) I was about to open the door of my car when I saw a man approaching. The man pointed a(n) __1__ at me.“Give me your purse！”
“I don't have a purse，” I said.
He kept coming.“Give me your purse！” He __2__ the gun in my stomach. He reached over, seized my __3__ and opened the trunk (汽车尾箱)．He __4__ me to the back of my car. I hesitated.
“Get in，” he shouted，“now！” I did it, only __5__ I knew exactly where the trunk release was.
“Don't move; don't make a noise，” he __6__.He slammed the trunk shut. Everything went __7__.Right there in the trunk, my eyes were adjusting to the darkness. My fear started to __8__ and my mind cleared. I knew whatever direction he turned, he would have to slow down. I waited for my __9__.
He drove the car forward and then stopped. I heard another car honk behind. He then __10__ and the car quickly reached 80 miles an hour. I couldn't tell where we were going. As soon as he slowed down, I pulled the __11__ release, pushed it open and jumped out. I __12__ through people's yards and tried to put distance and objects between the kidnapper and me.
I ran back to my apartment complex and __13__ doors. One finally opened and an older lady let me in. I __14__ closed the door and locked it. While I was on with the 911 __15__， there was a knock at the door. Standing there was a hulking figure, a Daytona Beach police officer. He was in the neighborhood and __16__ immediately.
Officers __17__ the kidnapper the next day. “You have no idea how __18__ you are，” one of the officers told me.“Carjackings that developed into kidnappings __19__ turn out well.”
I knew it wasn't luck that had saved me. It was the __20__ both of mind and of soul. Remember chances only favor those who are prepared!
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在开车途中遭遇抢劫，在危机时刻，作者冷静思考，用机智和勇敢巧妙地自救，从而告诉我们机会总是留给有准备的人。
1．A.finger B．camera
C．arrow D．gun
解析：选D 根据第三段中的“He __2__ the gun in my stomach”可知，劫匪用枪指着“我”。故选D项。
2．A.stuck B．threw
C．fired D．hid
解析：选A 他用枪抵住“我”的肚子。stick“刺，戳”；throw“扔”；fire“点火”；hide“躲藏”。故选A项。
3．A.hands B．phone
C．keys D．wallet
解析：选C 根据后面的“opened the trunk (汽车尾箱)”可知，他抢夺了“我”的钥匙(keys)。故选C项。
4．A.assisted B．guided
C．persuaded D．forced
解析：选D 根据语境可知，此处表示劫匪强迫“我”进入尾箱。assist“帮助”；guide“指导”；persuade“劝服”；force“强迫”。故选D项。
5．A.though B．because
C．unless D．until
解析：选B “我”进了尾箱，只因为“我”准确地知道尾箱开启处在哪儿。故选B项。
6．A.warned B．questioned
C．explained D．repeated
解析：选A 劫匪警告“我”不要动，不要发出声音。warn“警告”；question“质问”；explain“解释”；repeat“重复”。 故选A项。
7．A.smooth B．dark
C．silent D．natural
解析：选B 根据空后一句中的“my eyes were adjusting to the darkness”可知，选B项。
8．A.spread B．increase
C．appear D．lift
解析：选D 根据后面的“my mind cleared (思维清晰)”可知，本处指“恐惧开始消失(lift)”。spread“传播”；increase“增加”；appear“出现”。故选D项。
9．A.result B．chance
C．choice D．idea
解析：选B 此处表示“我”在等待机会。result“结果”；chance“机会”；choice“选择”；idea“想法”。故选B项。
10．A.continued B．slowed
C．accelerated D．remained
解析：选C 根据空前面的“then stopped”和后面的“the car quickly reached 80 miles an hour”可知，劫匪把车加速了。continue“继续”；slow“减速”；accelerate“加速”；remain“停留”。故选C项。
11．A.trunk B．light
C．alarm D．motor
解析：选A 根据语境可知，此处表示“我”拉开尾箱开关，与上文的“I know exactly where the trunk release was”呼应。故选A项。
12．A.walked B．raced
C．wandered D．passed
解析：选B 根据后面的“甩开劫匪”可知，本处指“我”快速地跑。walk“走”；race“快速移动”；wander“闲逛”；pass“通过”。故选B项。
13．A.pulled B．shut
C．answered D．beat
解析：选D 根据后面的“One finally opened and an older lady let me in.”可知，本处指“敲门”。pull“拉”；shut“关闭”；answer“回答”；beat“敲打”。故选D项。
14．A.skillfully B．carefully
C．rapidly D．silently
解析：选C 根据语境可知，“我”快速地关上门并锁好它。skillfully“巧妙地”；carefully“仔细地”；rapidly“迅速地”；silently“沉默地”。故选C项。
15．A.operator B．victim
C．criminal D．organizer
解析：选A “我”跟911电话接线员取得联系。operator“电话接线员”；victim“受害者”；criminal“罪犯”；organizer“组织者”。故选A项。
16．A.returned B．left
C．withdrew D．responded
解析：选D 那位警察就在隔壁，他立即做出反应。return“返回”；leave“离开”；withdraw“撤回”；respond“做出反应”。 故选D项。
17．A.educated B．arrested
C．suspected D．dismissed
解析：选B 第二天，警察逮捕了劫匪。educate“教育”；arrest“逮捕”；suspect“怀疑”；dismiss“解雇”。故选B项。
18．A.calm B．dangerous
C．lucky D．brave
解析：选C 根据后面的“I knew it wasn't luck that had saved me”可知，警察说“我”是幸运的。calm“镇静的”；dangerous“危险的”；lucky“幸运的”；brave“勇敢的”。故选C项。
19．A.rarely B．usually
C．probably D．generally
解析：选A 抢劫发展成绑架，很少有好的结果。本处警察说“我”能活着是运气好。rarely“很少”；usually“通常”；probably“很可能”；generally“一般地”。故选A项。
20．A.fortune B．patience
C．preparation D．courage
解析：选C 根据后面的“Remember chances only favor those who are prepared”可知，是思想上的准备(preparation)救了“我”。故选C项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2019·合肥高三调研)Chinese President Xi Jinping has praised a group of middle school students for their efforts in satellite design. He said he was pleased with their curiosity and bravery in __1__ (science) exploration. The president also wished the teachers and students in Bayi School __2__ happy new year.
Xi made the praise in a letter __3__ (write) to the students in Beijing's Bayi School on Saturday. A small satellite designed and developed by them __4__ (send) into space last Wednesday at Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center __5__ it was designed to operate in orbit for 180 days.
Three months ago, Xi returned to his high school, to visit a laboratory and talk to teachers and students __6__ were designing the small satellite. The president said he was __7__ (extreme) glad to know that the satellite designed by the students would be launched and called on them to become __8__ (build) of the country. Xi warmly encouraged the students __9__ (study) science and contribute to the development of China. He hoped that the students would keep hungry for knowledge and develop __10__ (they) national spirit.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道类说明文。文中报道了习总书记参观八一学校，赞扬了设计卫星的老师和学生们并向他们表达新年祝愿和对他们的希望。
1．scientific 考查形容词。习书记说他对学生们的在科学探索方面的好奇心和勇敢精神感到很满意。修饰名词exploration应用形容词，故填scientific。
2．a 考查冠词。习总书记还对八一学校的老师和学生表达了新年祝愿。 year是可数名词，故填a。
3．written 考查非谓语动词。习总书记在给北京八一学校的学生的信中提出了表扬。本句谓语动词是made，故write需用非谓语动词；又因letter和write之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词，故填written。
4．was sent 考查动词时态和语态。designed and developed by them是过去分词短语作后置定语，故send是谓语动词，与主语A small satellite之间是被动关系，时间是last Wednesday，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was sent。
5．and 考查连词。空前和空后是两句话，并且是并列关系，故填and。
6．who/that 考查定语从句。三个月前习书记还回到高中，参观了实验室，并和设计这款卫星的老师和学生进行了交谈。先行词是teachers and students，从句缺主语用关系代词，故填who/that。
7．extremely 考查副词。修饰形容词glad需用副词，故填extremely。
8．builders 考查名词。根据of the country可知该空需填名词，因宾语是them，故用复数，故填builders。
9．to study 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to study。
10．their 考查代词。“民族精神”前用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．artificial adj. 人造的；人工的
2．bakery n. 面包店
3．barbecue n. 烧烤野餐
4．chew v. 咀嚼
5．cookie n. 小甜饼；甜饼干
6．dessert n. 甜食
7．fragrant adj. 香的，芳香的
8．ripe adj. (水果或庄稼)成熟的
9．grill v. 烧烤；烤制
10．microwave n. 微波
11．mushroom n. 蘑菇
12．mutton n. 羊肉
13．recipe n. 烹饪法；食谱
14.roast adj. 烤好的；烤制的
15．tongue n. 舌头
16．stove n. 炉子
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．altogether adv. 总的说来；总而言之
2．dish n. 一道菜
3．guest n. 客人
4．fry v. 煎；炸；炒
5．pattern n. 图案
6．owe v. 应给予
7．trend n. 趋势，趋向
8．casually adv. 随意地
9．menu n. 菜单
10．ample adj. 充足的；充裕的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．manner n．方式/法；态度；举止→manners n．礼仪/貌
2．poison n．毒药/素v.毒害→poisonous adj.有毒的
3．greedily adv.贪婪地→greedy adj.渴望的；贪婪的→greed n．贪欲；贪婪
4．transform v．转化；转变→transformation n．转化
5．requirement n．要求→require v．要求；需要
6．entertain v．招/款待；请客→entertainment n．娱乐；款待
7．remark v．谈到，说起n.意见；评论→remarkable adj.不寻常的；值得注意的
8．taste n．味道；品味；爱好v.尝；体会→tasty adj.美味可口的→tasteless adj.无滋味的
9．consume v．(正式)吃；喝；消耗；消费→consumer n．消费者；用户→consumption n．消费；消耗量
10．gradual adj.逐渐/步的→gradually adv.逐渐/步地
11．abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的→abundance n．丰富；充裕
12．customer n．顾客→customs n．海关；关税→custom n．风俗
13．consequence n．后果→consequent adj.作为后果的
[语境活用]
1．This is strictly required,_so if you don't match this requirement,_please do not send your resume.(require)
2．Though the soup is tasty,_I've lost my sense of taste and it tastes just like tasteless water.(taste)
3．She often greets me in a friendly manner,_so I think she is a person with good manners.(manner)
4．It is reported that some children were poisoned by the poisonous food.(poison)
5．Russia is a country which is very abundant in natural resources.Especially its abundance of oil and natural gas bring in large income every year.(abundant)
6．If a customer wants to bring the goods he buys abroad back to inland, he has to pay some customs when he passes through the customs.(custom)
7．As is known to all, education is a gradual process, and people are gradually aware of its importance.(gradual)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.no_wonder 难怪
2．end_up 结束
3．set_fire_to 放火烧……
4．make_out 看出，理解
5．such_as 例如，像
6．have_...in_common 与……有共同点
7．go_against 违反，违背
8．in_short 总之；简言之
9．be_obsessed_with 对……痴迷；沉迷于
1.She didn't recognize the man who hit her because she could only make_out a dark shape moving towards her.
2．Now that there are only a few minutes left, we'd better talk about the plan in_short.
3．Always surrounded by honors, praises and gifts, young kids nowadays are easy to suffer psychological problems when things go_against them.
4．The Internet keeps us informed of the latest news and also provides entertainment in the house.It is no_wonder that it's so popular worldwide.
5．The couple never have words because they have much in_common with each other.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.I had eaten Chinese food often, but I could not have imagined how fabulous a real Chinese banquet could be.
我以前也经常吃中餐，但从没有想到真正的中式宴席会那么丰盛。
could not have done sth.“(过去)不可能做过某事”。
他不可能离开了，因为他的大衣还在这儿。
He could_not_have_left because his coat is still here.
2.No wonder my fellow guests had had only a few bites of each dish; they knew what was still to come.
怪不得跟我一起的客人每道菜也就浅尝几口；他们知道还有什么菜要上。
(It's) no wonder (that)意为“难怪；怪不得”。
(2017·北京高考书面表达)难怪这个视频受到了欢迎，他们提前做了大量的工作。
No_wonder_the_video_is_well_received,_they have done so much work in advance.
3.But one thing I do admire is the polite manner in which British people eat, even if it is just a potato.
但是让我非常钦佩的一件事是英国人吃饭的举止，哪怕仅仅是一个土豆，他们也会吃得斯斯文文。
“do＋动词原形”表示对谓语的强调。
(2017·北京高考书面表达)沿着长江的旅行一定会使你对中国的历史有很多了解。
The trip along the Yangtze River does_make_you_learn a lot about the history of China.
二、课堂重点深化
1．owe v．应给予；欠(账、钱、人情等)；归因于；归功于
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.
②He owes his entire life to his mother's kindness and care.
[系统归纳]
(1)owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物
(2)owe ...to ... 把……归功于……；为……而感谢
owe it to sb.that ... 多亏某人……
(3) owing adj. 未付的，欠着的
owing to 因为；由于
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③Owe to your help, I have made great progress.Owe→Owing
佳句时时写
④当问及他的成功时，他说他的成功多半归功于他的家庭。
When asked of his success, he said he owed_much_of_his_success_to his family.
2．remark v．谈到，说起；注意到；评论 n．意见；评论
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①As we all know, the West Lake is remarkable (remark) for her beautiful scenery.
同义替换
②It's bad manners to remark on/upon the appearance of others.
→It's bad manners to make_a_remark/remarks_on/about/upon the appearance of others.
[系统归纳]
(1)remark on/upon 谈论，评论，对……发表意见
remark that ... 谈起/说起……
(2)make a remark/remarks on/about/upon ... 对……发表评论，对……评头论足
(3)remarkable adj. 显著的，非凡的，值得注意的
be remarkable for 以……著称/引人瞩目
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③When she is put in a situation where she has to remark others, she usually changes the topic.remark后加on/upon
佳句时时写
④随着人们生活水平的显著提高，妇女的地位也提高了很多。
With_the_remarkable_improvement_of_people's_living_standard,_women's status has improved a lot.
3．consequence n．后果；结果(可数)；重要性(不可数)
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Consequently (consequent), some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.
[系统归纳]
(1)as a consequence＝in consequence 因此，结果
as a consequence of＝in consequence of 因为……的缘故；由于
(2)answer for the consequences 对后果负责
take/accept the consequences of 承担……的后果
(3)consequent adj. 随之发生的，作为结果的
consequently adv. 因此，结果；所以
[重点强化]
易错处处防
②As consequence of global warming, the sea level is rising.As后加a
佳句时时写
③因此，学生们能够积极地参与课堂活动。
As_a_consequence/In_consequence/Consequently,_students could take an active part in the class.
4．transform v．转化，转变；改造；变换
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①She helps transform literature into braille to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers.
②The economic framework of the 21st century is going through new transformation (transform)．
[系统归纳]
(1)transform ...into ... 把……变成……
transform sb./sth.from ... 把某人/物从……中转变
(2)transformation n. 变化，转变；改观
transformation from ...to ... 从……到……的转变
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③Under a new tenyear plan, our company is being transformed to an international corporation.to→into
佳句时时写
④新的科技和买卖方式正在改变着消费者的生活。
New technologies and ways of buying and selling are_transforming_the_lives of consumers.
表示“把……变成……”的其他表达：
①turn ...into ... ②change ...into ...
1．make out看出，听出；辨认出；理解；填写；假装；声称
[自主体验]
写出下列句中make out的含义
①She made out a check and handed it to me.填写
②Without my glasses, I couldn't make out whether that figure on the blackboard was a three or an eight.辨认出
③The students present at the meeting could not make out what he was talking about; it was too difficult for them to understand.理解
[系统归纳]
make for 朝……行进；对……有好处；有利于
make up 组成；编造；化妆；占据
make up for 弥补，补偿
make up one's mind 下决心，决定
[重点强化]
用适当的介、副词填空
④In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations.
⑤Hard work can often make up for a lack of ability.
佳句时时写
⑥我决定坚持我的梦想直到有一天它变成现实。
I make_up_my_mind_to_hold_on_to my dream till one day it comes true.
僻义牢牢记
⑦Let's make out that we are trapped on a desert island.假装
2．“助动词do/does/did＋动词原形”表示强调
[教材原句] But one thing I do_admire is the polite manner in which British people eat, even if it is just a potato.
[自主体验]
①(2016·10月浙江高考) She did_reach the station just as the train came into sight.她的确就在刚一看火车时到达了车站。
②Some experts say with more practice, small talk does_get_easier.
一些专家说多练习，闲聊确实就会变得更加容易。
③Do_be_careful with that vase!
务必小心那个花瓶！
[归纳点拨]
用法
规则
(1)“did＋动词原形”强调过去的动作
(2)“does＋动词原形”强调现在的动作
(3)“do＋动词原形”强调现在的动作
注意
事项
(1)对谓语动词表示强调时，一定要注意人称和时态，只能对肯定句的一般现在时和一般过去时进行强调。
(2)在祈使句中使用“Do＋动词原形”形式，往往不表示命令，而是表示强烈的请求。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you will succeed.
②(精彩收尾句)(2018·北京高考书面表达)If you have any other questions, do let me know.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自我”中的“饮食与健康”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——饮食与健康
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①mental ②physical ③necessary ④taste
⑤energy ⑥recover ⑦lifestyle ⑧habit
⑨fat ⑩effect ⑪strong ⑫breathe
⑬contain ⑭tired ⑮diet ⑯figure
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①refresh v． (使)精神振作 ②nutrition n. 营养；滋养
③snack n. 小吃零食及其他 ④bacteria n. 细菌
⑤protein n. 蛋白质 ⑥vitamin n. 维生素
⑦fiber n. 纤维 ⑧intake n. 摄入量
⑨calorie n. 卡路里；热量 ⑩cuisine n. 饭菜；菜肴
⑪beancurd n. 豆腐 ⑫porridge n. 稀饭；粥
⑬mineral n 矿物质 ⑭cheese n. 奶酪
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①be rich in 富含
②be high/low in 含……高/低
③be helpful to 对……有帮助
④stay up 熬夜；不睡觉
⑤go to bed early and get up early 早睡早起
⑥be harmful to/do harm to 对……有害
⑦keep healthy both physically and mentally
保持身心健康
⑧build up one's body 增强某人的体质
⑨develop a healthy eating habit 养成健康的饮食习惯
⑩for lack of 由于缺乏
⑪attach much more importance to 非常重视
⑫concentrate on 集中精力于
⑬take an active part in 积极参加
⑭consist of 包括
⑮keep fit 保持健康
⑯balanced diet 均衡的饮食
(四)写作佳句背一背①The majority of people take in too much fat and not enough fiber, which does great harm to their health.
②Eating in a healthy way and exercising regularly are the key to keeping healthy.
③As far as I'm concerned, we should develop a healthy eating habit to build up our strength.Only in this way can we have enough energy to study.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
假定你是李华，是一名高中生。最近，你的笔友Amy给你寄来一封信，说她因发胖感到非常苦恼。请根据下列写作要点给她写一封建议信。内容包括：
1．注意饮食合理，营养均衡；
2．经常锻炼，保证睡眠充足；
3．调整心态。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Amy，
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
(用方框内的词汇翻译句子)
keep fit, upset, balanced diet, relaxed, weight, take regular exercise, be helpful to, in shape
1．非常遗憾得知你很伤心。
I'm_sorry_to_hear_that_you_are_upset.
2．下面是关于如何保持身体健康的建议。
The_following_are_some_tips_on_how_to_keep_fit.
3．你需要有均衡的饮食。
You_need_have_a_balanced_diet.
4．经常锻炼和保证睡眠充足是非常重要的。
It_is_important_to_take_regular_exercise_and_have_enough_sleep.
5．像骑车和散步这类运动能帮助你保持体形。
Sports_like_riding_and_walking_can_help_keep_you_in_shape.
6．充足的睡眠使你身体得到放松。
Enough_sleep_makes_your_body_relaxed.
7．不必担心体重。
There_is_no_need_to_worry_about_your_weight.
8．身体健康最重要。
Health_is_the_most_important.
9．我希望我的建议对你会有帮助。
I_hope_my_tips_will_be_helpful_to_you.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
10．在第1句中增加原因状语从句“因为你体重增加”。
I'm_sorry_to_hear_that_you_are_upset_because_you_have_put_on_weight.
11．在第3句后增加“不要吃含太多糖和脂肪的食物。它们会使你很容易发胖”。
You_need_have_a_balanced_diet._Don't_eat_the_foods_containing_too_much_sugar_and_fat.It_will_make_you_put_on_weight_easily.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
1．用否定副词与比较级连用表示最高级升级第8句。
Nothing_is_more_important_than_health.
2．用do强调谓语升级第9句。
I_do_hope_my_tips_will_be_helpful_to_you.
3．用which引导定语从句升级第11句。
You_need_have_a_balanced_diet._Don't_eat_the_foods_containing_too_much_sugar_and_fat,_which_will_make_you_put_on_weight_easily.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
根据语句间的逻辑关系，可添加过渡性词汇first of all， besides， last but not least， in my opinion连句成文。
Dear Amy，
I'm_sorry_to_hear_that_you_are_upset_because_you_have_put_on_weight.The_following_are_some_tips_on_how_to_keep_fit.
First_of_all,_you_need_have_a_balanced_diet.Don't_eat_the_foods_containing_too_much_sugar_and_fat,_which_will_make_you_put_on_weight_easily.Besides,_it_is_important_to_take_regular_exercise_and_have_enough_sleep.Sports_like_riding_and_walking_can_help_keep_you_in_shape.Enough_sleep_makes_your_body_relaxed.Last_but_not_least,_there_is_no_need_to_worry_about_your_weight.In_my_opinion,_nothing_is_more_important_than_health.
I_do_hope_my_tips_will_be_helpful_to_you.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I owe (归功于) my success to my parents and my teachers.
2．Good manners (礼貌) are very important in the communication of daily life.
3．The shop ordered a great deal of goods to meet the requirements (要求) of consumers.
4．If we toy with nature, we will have to deal with the consequences (后果)．
5．There is a trend (趋势) that more and more people begin to study English as a second language.
6．The city is dotted with small lakes, natural and artificial (人工的)．
7．The customers (顾客) are pleased with the service of the restaurant.
8．The burning plastic gave off poisonous (有毒的) gas, which is harmful to our health.
9．There is abundant (充足的) evidence that a person's character is reflected in their handwriting.
10．There are altogether (总共) 200 people in the village, including the old people and children.
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．The western food has a lot ❶in common that it is ❷abundant (abundance) in fat and high calories.No wonder it can make people fat.So parents should guide their children to balance their diets and don't allow them to eat fried chips or hamburgers ❸casually (casual)．
2．❶Remarking (remark) Chinese food, we know that it is often considered as healthy food, but with people's lifestyle changing, there is a trend ❷that many people go ❸against their own habits of dieting and become unhealthy.I think they must owe their unhealth ❹to their bad diet habits.
Ⅲ.语境改错
1．文中共有5处错误，每句中最多有两处，请找出并改正。
Tom owed it for us and remarked that it could otherwise have caused a fire thanks to our time finding.We didn't make up why he set fire to the hill.He made no answer the first time when we asked him about it.Later, he transformed his thought, realizing his mistakes and volunteered to protect the hill.
答案：第一句：for→to; time→timely
第二句：up→out
第三句：去掉when
第四句：realizing→realized
2．文中共有5处错误，每句中最多有两处，请找出并改正。
Li Gang used to be a top student in our class, but last term he was obsessed of computer games.As consequence, he couldn't concentrate on his study, which does make his mother worried.His mother determined to change him.Eventually, with his help, he got rid of the bad habit and was admitting to a key university.
答案：第一句：of→with
第二句：As后加a; does→did
第四句：his→her; admitting→admitted
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子
1．他确实有一个可爱的女儿，但是我们没人认识她。(“do＋动词原形”强调谓语)
He does_have_a_lovely_daughter,_but none of us knows her.
2．他不可能出国了。我刚才还看见他了。(could not have done)
He couldn't_have_gone_abroad.I saw him just now.
3．你昨天晚上睡觉太晚，难怪你今天早上上课迟到了。(no wonder)
You went to bed very late last night; no_wonder_you_were_late_for class this morning.
Ⅴ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
Nowadays, fast food is becoming increasingly popular in China, especially among children and teenagers.
There are several reasons for its ❶popularity (popular)．First, it is so ❷convenient (convenience) to get fast food that it can save a lot of time.You just go into a fast food restaurant, ❸order_your_food (点食物), and your food is ready in no time.Secondly, its popularity also results from the clean and comfortable environment of fast food restaurants and the excellent ❹service (serve) there.
However, fast food is ❺far_from (远非) satisfactory in nutrition, especially for the health and ❻growth (grow) of the children and young adults. Therefore, doctors suggest that people, especially children, should eat as little fast food as possible.I quite agree to their ❼suggestions (suggest)．In my opinion, fast food is the best ❽choice (choose) when you are too busy to spare enough time. But you'd better turn to it once in a while.
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空
snack， style， spicy， dish， consume， banquet， is famous for， fried， celebration， characteristics
Jiangxi cuisine, also called Gan Cuisine, refers to the native cooking ❶styles of Jiangxi Province in southern China.Jiangxi cuisine has a long history and consists of local ❷dishes.In particular, special local products are widely popular.There are various kinds of Jiangxi local ❸snacks and pastries cooked by different methods, all of which have their own ❹characteristics. Like the cuisines of neighboring provinces, Jiangxi cuisine favors ❺spicy flavors.Another characteristic of Jiangxi cuisine is that cold or raw dishes are rarely seen there.The reason is that it uses tea oil as its primary cooking oil.If the raw tea oils ❻consumed,_it will cause severe stomach problems for most people.
Due to its geography, fish ❼banquet is also one of the characteristics of Jiangxi cuisine.It ❽is_famous_for its excellent freshwater fish banquets.The last characteristic of Jiangxi cuisine is the frequent use of fermented soybean — douchi (豆豉) in Chinese pronunciation and tofu.❾Fried tofu is a must for everyone during the ❿celebration of the Spring Festival.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Generally speaking, your arrival shouldn't be later than the fixed (fix) time.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling (grill) guests on the sofa every morning.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Speaking of table manners (manner), keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Over 300 years its population grew gradually (gradual) from 800 people to 8 million.
5．(2018·江苏高考)Based on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack, saw interesting films and tasted (taste) delicious foods.
6．(2018·天津高考)In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts (dessert) it serves are 3Dprinted, rather than farm to table.
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment (entertain) aspect of the music has been lost.
8．(2017·浙江高考)Other European countries laid down a similar requirement (require) for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher.
9．(2015·湖北高考)The building has a remarkable (remark) shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”．
10．(2012·陕西高考)The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dishes (dish)．
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用consequence, consumer, casually填空)
1．(2017·江苏高考完形填空)When he began practicing, he took it very __50__.But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.casually
2．(2015·安徽高考完形填空)All around the world, we can see the __50__ of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.consequences
3．(2012·湖北高考完形填空)I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV.One day, a sociologist proposed that the __31__ society has been consuming modern humans little by little.consumer
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：身体健康是人们最宝贵的财富，而合理饮食是健康的基础。均衡饮食，保持身心健康，才能让生命之花长久绽放！顺应时代潮流，“饮食与健康”类话题成为高考命题的热点话题之一，建议同学们多多关注健康饮食的相关材料。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]In the dead of winter, we don't typically think about spending time outdoors, but according to many physicians we should.The sun is our greatest source of a vitamin that is essential for good health — Vitamin D.
[2]This important vitamin strengthens bones and teeth and is linked to the prevention of heart disease, cancer and many other lifethreatening diseases.The recommended daily requirement is 400600 International Units (IU)．In summer, people with dark brown eyes and darker skin turn sunlight from just 15 minutes outside without sunscreen into adequate amounts of Vitamin D.
[3]Even during winter, just a 10minute walk at midday can keep the body's Vitamin D at healthy levels.During brief winter walks, we receive the greatest benefits when we wear no sunscreen and expose as much skin to the sun as possible.
[4]Vitamin D can be also obtained from foods.Salmon is one of the best sources of the Vitamin.Egg yolks (蛋黄), cheese, mushrooms and some animal organs contain smaller quantities of it.
[5]To attract consumers, food companies add Vitamin D to some of their milk products. The practice of putting the Vitamin into milk began in the 1930s.At that time, many children were suffering from rickets, an illness that is caused by a deficiency (缺乏) of Vitamin D．It made the children's bones soft and weak.Adding Vitamin D to milk helped to solve the problem, and it has been available ever since.
[6]For people who still need more Vitamin D, there is another option: Take Vitamin D supplements (补充物)．These products are widely sold in stores.However, anyone considering taking supplements should consult a physician first.
语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了维生素D的一些情况。
1．During the winter months, people ________.
A．aren't able to meet their deadlines
B．often don't dress warmly enough
C．generally like to remain indoors
D．leave lots of work for others to do
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the dead of winter, we don't typically think about spending time outdoors, but according to many physicians we should.”可知，在冬天人们愿意待在室内。
2．According to the text, Vitamin D ________.
A．can be obtained by being exposed to the sun
B．can be used to cure lifethreatening diseases
C．can be mainly found in some milk products
D．can make the children's bones soft and weak
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知，维生素D可以通过晒太阳获得，故选A。
3．Why is salmon mentioned in this article?
A．It's seldom prepared in the correct way.
B．It's a useful addition to a person's diet.
C．It has a huge impact on the environment.
D．Its advantages have been exaggerated.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，三文鱼是补充维生素D的食物，因此对我们的饮食是有用的补充物，故选B。
4．The main purpose of this article is ________.
A．to introduce a valuable nutrient
B．to advertise Vitamin D supplements
C．to note risks associated with a nutrient
D．to explain how a nutrient was discovered
解析：选A 写作意图题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍一种营养成分——维生素D。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
主旨大意技法(7)——根据段落大意，提炼概括文章大意
文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。如上文中主题句不明显，但是每段的中心很明显，文章介绍了如何得到足量的维生素D的三种方式：from the sun; from foods和Take Vitamin D supplements。把每段中心意义连接起来，便很容易得出整篇的文章的中心为“To introduce a valuable nutrient”，故第4题选A。
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·湖南六校联考) I was about to open the door of my car when I saw a man approaching. The man pointed a(n) __1__ at me.“Give me your purse！”
“I don't have a purse，” I said.
He kept coming.“Give me your purse！” He __2__ the gun in my stomach. He reached over, seized my __3__ and opened the trunk (汽车尾箱)．He __4__ me to the back of my car. I hesitated.
“Get in，” he shouted，“now！” I did it, only __5__ I knew exactly where the trunk release was.
“Don't move; don't make a noise，” he __6__.He slammed the trunk shut. Everything went __7__.Right there in the trunk, my eyes were adjusting to the darkness. My fear started to __8__ and my mind cleared. I knew whatever direction he turned, he would have to slow down. I waited for my __9__.
He drove the car forward and then stopped. I heard another car honk behind. He then __10__ and the car quickly reached 80 miles an hour. I couldn't tell where we were going. As soon as he slowed down, I pulled the __11__ release, pushed it open and jumped out. I __12__ through people's yards and tried to put distance and objects between the kidnapper and me.
I ran back to my apartment complex and __13__ doors. One finally opened and an older lady let me in. I __14__ closed the door and locked it. While I was on with the 911 __15__， there was a knock at the door. Standing there was a hulking figure, a Daytona Beach police officer. He was in the neighborhood and __16__ immediately.
Officers __17__ the kidnapper the next day. “You have no idea how __18__ you are，” one of the officers told me.“Carjackings that developed into kidnappings __19__ turn out well.”
I knew it wasn't luck that had saved me. It was the __20__ both of mind and of soul. Remember chances only favor those who are prepared!
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在开车途中遭遇抢劫，在危机时刻，作者冷静思考，用机智和勇敢巧妙地自救，从而告诉我们机会总是留给有准备的人。
1．A.finger B．camera
C．arrow D．gun
解析：选D 根据第三段中的“He __2__ the gun in my stomach”可知，劫匪用枪指着“我”。故选D项。
2．A.stuck B．threw
C．fired D．hid
解析：选A 他用枪抵住“我”的肚子。stick“刺，戳”；throw“扔”；fire“点火”；hide“躲藏”。故选A项。
3．A.hands B．phone
C．keys D．wallet
解析：选C 根据后面的“opened the trunk (汽车尾箱)”可知，他抢夺了“我”的钥匙(keys)。故选C项。
4．A.assisted B．guided
C．persuaded D．forced
解析：选D 根据语境可知，此处表示劫匪强迫“我”进入尾箱。assist“帮助”；guide“指导”；persuade“劝服”；force“强迫”。故选D项。
5．A.though B．because
C．unless D．until
解析：选B “我”进了尾箱，只因为“我”准确地知道尾箱开启处在哪儿。故选B项。
6．A.warned B．questioned
C．explained D．repeated
解析：选A 劫匪警告“我”不要动，不要发出声音。warn“警告”；question“质问”；explain“解释”；repeat“重复”。 故选A项。
7．A.smooth B．dark
C．silent D．natural
解析：选B 根据空后一句中的“my eyes were adjusting to the darkness”可知，选B项。
8．A.spread B．increase
C．appear D．lift
解析：选D 根据后面的“my mind cleared (思维清晰)”可知，本处指“恐惧开始消失(lift)”。spread“传播”；increase“增加”；appear“出现”。故选D项。
9．A.result B．chance
C．choice D．idea
解析：选B 此处表示“我”在等待机会。result“结果”；chance“机会”；choice“选择”；idea“想法”。故选B项。
10．A.continued B．slowed
C．accelerated D．remained
解析：选C 根据空前面的“then stopped”和后面的“the car quickly reached 80 miles an hour”可知，劫匪把车加速了。continue“继续”；slow“减速”；accelerate“加速”；remain“停留”。故选C项。
11．A.trunk B．light
C．alarm D．motor
解析：选A 根据语境可知，此处表示“我”拉开尾箱开关，与上文的“I know exactly where the trunk release was”呼应。故选A项。
12．A.walked B．raced
C．wandered D．passed
解析：选B 根据后面的“甩开劫匪”可知，本处指“我”快速地跑。walk“走”；race“快速移动”；wander“闲逛”；pass“通过”。故选B项。
13．A.pulled B．shut
C．answered D．beat
解析：选D 根据后面的“One finally opened and an older lady let me in.”可知，本处指“敲门”。pull“拉”；shut“关闭”；answer“回答”；beat“敲打”。故选D项。
14．A.skillfully B．carefully
C．rapidly D．silently
解析：选C 根据语境可知，“我”快速地关上门并锁好它。skillfully“巧妙地”；carefully“仔细地”；rapidly“迅速地”；silently“沉默地”。故选C项。
15．A.operator B．victim
C．criminal D．organizer
解析：选A “我”跟911电话接线员取得联系。operator“电话接线员”；victim“受害者”；criminal“罪犯”；organizer“组织者”。故选A项。
16．A.returned B．left
C．withdrew D．responded
解析：选D 那位警察就在隔壁，他立即做出反应。return“返回”；leave“离开”；withdraw“撤回”；respond“做出反应”。 故选D项。
17．A.educated B．arrested
C．suspected D．dismissed
解析：选B 第二天，警察逮捕了劫匪。educate“教育”；arrest“逮捕”；suspect“怀疑”；dismiss“解雇”。故选B项。
18．A.calm B．dangerous
C．lucky D．brave
解析：选C 根据后面的“I knew it wasn't luck that had saved me”可知，警察说“我”是幸运的。calm“镇静的”；dangerous“危险的”；lucky“幸运的”；brave“勇敢的”。故选C项。
19．A.rarely B．usually
C．probably D．generally
解析：选A 抢劫发展成绑架，很少有好的结果。本处警察说“我”能活着是运气好。rarely“很少”；usually“通常”；probably“很可能”；generally“一般地”。故选A项。
20．A.fortune B．patience
C．preparation D．courage
解析：选C 根据后面的“Remember chances only favor those who are prepared”可知，是思想上的准备(preparation)救了“我”。故选C项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2019·合肥高三调研)Chinese President Xi Jinping has praised a group of middle school students for their efforts in satellite design. He said he was pleased with their curiosity and bravery in __1__ (science) exploration. The president also wished the teachers and students in Bayi School __2__ happy new year.
Xi made the praise in a letter __3__ (write) to the students in Beijing's Bayi School on Saturday. A small satellite designed and developed by them __4__ (send) into space last Wednesday at Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center __5__ it was designed to operate in orbit for 180 days.
Three months ago, Xi returned to his high school, to visit a laboratory and talk to teachers and students __6__ were designing the small satellite. The president said he was __7__ (extreme) glad to know that the satellite designed by the students would be launched and called on them to become __8__ (build) of the country. Xi warmly encouraged the students __9__ (study) science and contribute to the development of China. He hoped that the students would keep hungry for knowledge and develop __10__ (they) national spirit.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道类说明文。文中报道了习总书记参观八一学校，赞扬了设计卫星的老师和学生们并向他们表达新年祝愿和对他们的希望。
1．scientific 考查形容词。习书记说他对学生们的在科学探索方面的好奇心和勇敢精神感到很满意。修饰名词exploration应用形容词，故填scientific。
2．a 考查冠词。习总书记还对八一学校的老师和学生表达了新年祝愿。 year是可数名词，故填a。
3．written 考查非谓语动词。习总书记在给北京八一学校的学生的信中提出了表扬。本句谓语动词是made，故write需用非谓语动词；又因letter和write之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词，故填written。
4．was sent 考查动词时态和语态。designed and developed by them是过去分词短语作后置定语，故send是谓语动词，与主语A small satellite之间是被动关系，时间是last Wednesday，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was sent。
5．and 考查连词。空前和空后是两句话，并且是并列关系，故填and。
6．who/that 考查定语从句。三个月前习书记还回到高中，参观了实验室，并和设计这款卫星的老师和学生进行了交谈。先行词是teachers and students，从句缺主语用关系代词，故填who/that。
7．extremely 考查副词。修饰形容词glad需用副词，故填extremely。
8．builders 考查名词。根据of the country可知该空需填名词，因宾语是them，故用复数，故填builders。
9．to study 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to study。
10．their 考查代词。“民族精神”前用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
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