2020版高考英语新增分大一轮译林（江苏）版渐进写作讲义：StepOne第8讲
展开第8讲 彰显水平的强调句、倒装句和There be句型
特殊句式是英语中的高级表达，其中，强调和倒装句型是最为常见的特殊句式，它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。另外，there be句型在写作中也是一种常见的高级表达。
一、重点突出的强调句型
强调句型可强调除谓语动词和表语外的其他任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。强调句型的灵活运用不仅有助于增强表达效果，突出要强调的重点，更能彰显考生对英语表达的把握能力。其基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。
(1)It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress us.
不仅是你们的热情，而且是你们的团队合作和良好的精神给我们留下了深刻的印象。
(2016·天津)
(2)It was by reading it a third time that Tom got a thorough understanding of the passage.
汤姆读了三遍才彻底理解这篇短文。
1.强调句型的写法
在写作时，可以使用强调句型来提升句子的层次，写作时可采用“四步法”。
第一步：写出一个句子
I picked up an old bag on the playground last Sunday.
第二步：找出要强调的句子成分
假如要强调地点状语on the playground。
第三步：确定强调句型的时态是is还是was
原句用了一般过去时，所以此处的强调句型也用一般过去时，即it was...
第四步：套用强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他。
It was on the playground that I picked up an old bag last Sunday.
2.强调句型的其他形式
(1)Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？
Was it on that farm that his father spent his childhood?
是在那个农场里他的父亲度过了童年吗？
(2)特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他？
What was it that made the girl so sad that day?
是什么使那个女孩那天那么难过？
(3)It is/was not until...that...
It was not until he failed the exam that he realized that he was wrong.
直到他考试不及格，他才意识到自己错了。
3.在写作中使用强调句型时需要注意的问题
(1)被强调的是人时，强调句型中的that可换为who，其余情况一律用that。
(2)被强调的事物无论是单数还是复数，一律用is/was。
(3)强调句型不能用于强调谓语，如果强调谓语，用do/does/did＋动词原形。
I do hope you can accept my application and I promise to do all I can to help them.
我的确希望你能接受我的申请，我承诺会竭尽全力帮助他们。(2018·河南洛阳三模)
即时训练1 用强调句型完成句子 1.我昨天晚上在音乐会上看到的是你吗？ Was it you that I saw at the concert last night? 2.为什么足球赛必须被推迟？ Why was it that the football match must be put off? 3.所有这一切发生在周一晚上。 It was on Monday night that all this happened. |
二、平衡句子的倒装句型
在写作中， 倒装句型应用比较广泛， 涉及的句型主要包括部分倒装和全部倒装。
1.“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.
只有以这种方式， 我们学生才能愉快、有效地学习。(2015·湖南)
2.none，neither，nor，not，never，hardly，little，seldom等否定词，以及由no构成的否定短语如at no time，by no means等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
Wang Hua is very strong-minded.By no means will he give in to the difficulties.
王华意志非常坚强，他决不会向困难屈服。
3.在so/such...that...结构中，当so/such...位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装，但that从句不需要倒装。
So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it.
我太激动了，迫不及待地想试着骑它。
4.as/though尽管……(as引导让步状语从句时，从句必须用倒装结构；though引导让步状语从句时，从句也可不倒装)
Young as/though she is，she knows how to get on well with her colleagues.
她虽然年轻，但是知道怎样和同事相处好。
5.were/should/had...如果……(if引导虚拟语气时，可省略if，从句部分倒装)
Looking back，I feel I wouldn’t be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.
回顾以往， 我感觉如果我失去了信心就学不会骑自行车。
6.here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，on the wall，in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。
Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves.
下一步，我让他们自己试一试。(2018·北京)
即时训练2 用倒装句型完成句子 1.直到那时他才意识到自己应该更努力学习。 Only then did he realize that he should work harder. 2.李平那么幽默且乐于助人，所以我们都喜欢他。 So humorous and helpful is Li Ping that we all like him very much. 3.附在这个邮件上的是我为我的团队制定的培训计划，我希望你读一下并提出建议。 (2018·天津) Attached to this email is a training plan I have worked out for my team，which I hope you’ll read and make some suggestions. |
三、there be 句型
1.there be的基本句型
(1)there be结构表示“某处有某物”，有不同的时态形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
①At eight on the morning of October 1，we are to gather at the gate of the Orient Hotel，and there will be a minibus waiting for us.
在10月1日早上8点我们要在东方宾馆门口集合，将有一辆小型公共汽车等着我们。
(2017·浙江)
②There is plenty of fun for teenagers in summer，including going camping，going to the beach，going swimming at public pools and traveling locally with friends.
对于青少年来说，夏天有很多趣事，包括宿营、去海滨、在公共泳池游泳、与朋友在当地游玩。(2016·四川)
③In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways，there is still much room for improvement.
尽管大规模建设道路和公路，但仍有很大的改进空间。(2015·江苏)
(2)在there be 句型中，谓语动词和后面的主语在数上要保持一致。如果有两个或者更多的主语，则与离动词最近的那个主语保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。
①There is a pen，some books and a laptop on the desk.
桌子上有一支钢笔、一些书和一台笔记本电脑。
②There are some books，a pen and a laptop on the desk.
桌子上有一些书、一支钢笔和一台笔记本电脑。
2.there be的拓展句型
(1)There be＋主语＋现在分词/过去分词
(2)There be＋主语＋定语从句/同位语从句
(3)There be＋主语＋for sb. to do...
(4)There seems/appears to be...好像有……
(5)There happens to be...碰巧有……
(6)There is likely to be...可能有……
(7)There used to be...过去有……
(8)There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
(9)There is no need to do...没有必要做……
(10)There is no possibility that...是不可能的……
(11)There is no sense/point (in) doing...做……没有意义
(12)There is no denying that...不可否认……
①There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance.
你应该提前了解唐朝的历史，这是毫无疑问的。(2017·全国Ⅰ)
②There are a lot of problems for us to settle.
有很多问题等待我们来解决。
③There are a great many boys playing football on the playground.
有很多男生在操场上踢足球。
即时训练3 翻译句子 1.楼后面有一棵生长了好多年的大树。 Behind the building there has been a big tree for many years. 2.后墙上挂着一幅很旧的照片。 There is an old picture hanging on the back wall. 3.这台机器好像出毛病了。 There seems to be something wrong with this machine. 4.过去这棵古树后面有一座古庙。 There used to be an old temple behind the old tree. |
综合演练
Ⅰ.将下列句子改为倒装句
1.If you don’t attend the lecture，I shall not attend it，either.
→If you don’t attend the lecture，neither/nor shall I.
2.The nurses not only want a pay increase，but they want reduced hours as well.
→Not only do the nurses want a pay increase，but they want reduced hours as well.
3.The water in the bottle smells so terrible that I feel sick.
→So terrible does the water in the bottle smell that I feel sick.
4.He was able to get back to school only when he was getting better.
→Only when he was getting better was he able to get back to school.
5.They actually by no means broke the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.
→By no means did they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.
6.My mother had hardly sat down when the telephone rang.
→Hardly had my mother sat down when the telephone rang.
7.It never occurred to Jack that he could one day become a top student in his class.
→Never did it occur to Jack that he could one day become a top student in his class.
8.Though it is short，the article is very important.
→Short though/as it is，the article is very important.
9.He didn’t know what the Great Wall was like until he visited Beijing.
→Not until he visited Beijing did he know what the Great Wall was like.
10.The door suddenly opened，and a group of students rushed in.
→The door suddenly opened，and in rushed a group of students.
Ⅱ.用强调句型或倒装句型完成句子
11.到目前为止，没有科学证据表明究竟是什么造成恐龙的灭绝。
Up till now，there has been no scientific evidence about what it was that caused the death of dinosaurs.
12.这样做，你不仅能够提高你自己，而且会使你很快适应这个群体。(2018·哈尔滨三中二模)
By doing this，not only can you improve yourself but you will get yourself involved in the group quickly.
13.直到失去健康我们才意识到它的价值。
It is not until we lose health that we realize its value.
14.取得了那么大的进步，他的家人都很高兴。
Such great progress has he made that his family is very happy.
15.一群年轻人走了出来，还在讨论着那场表演。
Out walked a group of young people，still discussing the performance.
Ⅲ.根据以下内容要点写一篇短文，尽量多地使用特殊句式
假定你是李华，从网上得知你的美国朋友Phil的家乡遭受龙卷风(tornado)袭击。请你写封邮件安慰他。内容包括：
1.说明情况；
2.询问灾情，表示安慰。
参考范文
Dear Phil，
I’m sorry to learn from the Internet that your hometown was struck by the tornado the day before yesterday.According to the video of the report，so strong was the tornado that it brought about a lot of losses.Many houses were destroyed and worse still，many people were injured and some even killed.
Seeing the disaster，I have been worried about you and your family.I’m anxious to know your present situations.Please tell me what you experienced these days.While help has already arrived，only with confidence can you survive the disaster.I do hope that everything is all right for you!
I’m looking forward to hearing from you!
Yours，
Li Hua
