2020版新一线高考英语（译林版）一轮复习教学案：第1部分必修5Unit3　Scienceandnature



Unit 3　Science and nature

[单词　拼写应用]
核心单词
1．consequence n．结果，后果
2．harvest n．收获；收成 vt.&vi.收割(庄稼)
3．transform vt.使改变外观/性质/形态
4．confirm vt.&vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信
5．profit n．利润，收益 vi.&vt.对……有用；获益
6．conduct vt.实施；指挥乐队
7．relate vt.联系
8．insert vt.插入，嵌入
9．brief adj.短时间的，短暂的；简洁的，简单的
[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Before choices are finalised，parents will be asked to sign to confirm(confirm) their child's choices.
2．(2016·浙江卷)To return to the problem of water pollution，I'd like you to look at a study conducted(conduct) in Australia in 2012.
3．The audience complain that inserted(insert) advertisements are boring when they are watching TV series.
4．The company has been transformed (transform) from a family business to a multi-million-pound operation now.
5．All villagers，young and old，went out to harvest(harvest) crops.
6．Profiting(profit) in this way is winning popularity by cheating the public.
7．He professed a distaste for everything related(relate) to money.
8．It was your idea，so now you have to accept all the consequences(consequence).
拓展单词
1．permit vt.许可，准可 n．许可证→permission n．准许，许可，批准
2．judge vt.&vi.判断→judgement n．判断力；评价；(法律)判决
3．adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳→adopted adj.收养的→adoption n．采用；收养
4．accurate adj.准确的，精确的→accurately adv.准确地，精确地→accuracy n．精确，准确
5．major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．专业→majority n．多数，大多数
6．frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frightened adj.(人)感到害怕的
[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Your judgement is right.Judging from his look，he must be angry with us.But we can't judge a person only by his/her appearance.(judge)
2．Mary was too frightened to tell her family about her frightening experience because it frightened her to death.(frighten)
3．Her father would not permit her to drive alone even though she had got her driving permit．Without her father's permission，she had to go out by bus or on a bike.(permit)
4．Support for inter-country adoption is particularly strong in America，where parents adopt more foreign children than all the rest of the world.(adopt)
5．To predict weather accurately and give us more accurate information，the observers try their best to guarantee the accuracy of their observation.(accurate)
6．One of the major problems is that a majority of the graduates who major in English find it difficult to find a good job.(major)
阅读词汇
1．agriculture n．农业　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2．summary n．总结；概况，概要
3．nutrition n．营养
4．concept n．概念；观念
5．original adj.原来的，起初的；首创的
6．breakthrough n．突破
7．profession n．职业，行业
8．catastrophe n．灾难，灾祸
9．physician n．医师；内科医生
拓展联想
1．形近词归纳
①adopt采纳；收养—adapt适应；改编
②intention意图，目的—invention发明
③hunger饥荒—hunter猎人
④follow跟随—fellow家伙，同事
⑤concert音乐会—concept概念
⑥goal目标；球门—goat山羊
2.“词中词”荟萃
①firm→confirm证实，证明
②form→transform使改变外观
③sum→summary总结，概要
④rate→accurate精确的
⑤culture→agriculture农业
⑥source→resource资源
⑦come→income收入
⑧fit→profit利润
3.“犯罪”相关联想
①crime n．罪，罪行
②offence n．冒犯，犯罪
③guilt n．犯罪，有罪
④accuse vt.控告；指控
⑤charge vi.控告
⑥commit vt.犯(罪)
⑦punish vt.惩罚；处罚
⑧sentence vt.判决；宣判
[短语　多维应用]
高频短语
1．on the one hand...on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面……
2．take...into consideration 认真考虑
3．put...in place 准备就绪，布置妥当
4．deal with 处理，对付
5．be/get burnt out 耗尽体力，累垮
6．turn out 结果是，证明是；生产
[语境运用]　选用左边短语的适当形式填空
As is known to us all，more and more technologies are being adopted nowadays，which greatly promotes the local economy.①On the one hand，rapid development of the economy improves the living conditions of people; on the other hand，it speeds up environmental destruction.②Taking everything into consideration，the government realizes what is most important is to ③deal with pollution，so they ④put everything in place to prevent environment from being polluted.

7．toy with 戏弄，摆弄；把……当作儿戏
8．push ahead with 义无反顾地进行，努力推进
9．follow in one's footsteps 效仿某人
10．in favour of 赞同，支持
11．point out 指出
12．in summary 概括地说
[语境运用]　选用左边短语的适当形式填空
Nowadays more and more scientists have the intention of cloning cows，goats and other animals.A physician even has decided ⑤to follow in Ian Wilmut's footsteps to ⑥push ahead with research in order to produce human body.Some people are ⑦in favour of it while others are against it.Those who oppose it hold the belief that this action is ⑧toying with nature，and it is illegal.

13．for sale 供出售，待销售
14．in agreement with 同意；与……一致
15．compared with 与……相比较
16．make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通
17．rather than 而不是
[语境运用]　选用左边短语的适当形式填空
Independence is the ability to make decisions and choices and to act ⑨in agreement with them.⑩Compared with other boys，Tony learned to rely on himself from an early age.He would send milk and sell newspapers for his pocket money ⑪rather than turn to his parents for help.His mother thought it ⑫made sense to develop the sense of being independent when children were young.
拓展联想
1．学会“总结”好处多
①in summary
②in short
③in brief
④in conclusion
⑤in a/one word
⑥to sum up
2.“考虑”短语知多少
①take...into consideration 认真考虑
②take...into account 考虑
③take account of 考虑
④think over 仔细考虑
⑤think about 考虑
3.“for＋名词”短语小结
①for sale待售
②for sure确信
③for a while 一会儿
④for one's sake/good/benefit为了某人着想/好/的利益
⑤for any sake无论如何
[句式　结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1．the first (＋n./pron.) 后常接不定式作定语
The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.
(2016·四川卷写作佳句)我想在夏天做的第一件事就是躺在树下吃冰淇淋。
I think the first thing to do in summer is to lie under a tree and eat ice cream.
2.more...than...“与其说……倒不如说……”
The boy was more frightened than hurt.
音乐与其说是一种爱好，不如说是一种生活方式。
Music is more a way of life than an interest.
3.否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义
Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.
对于学生学习而言，图书馆是最好的地方。
Nowhere is better than the library for students to study.


精讲8个考纲词汇
1．adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳
(1)单句语法填空
①The name Rangers was adopted from an English rugby club.
②Paul's mother had him adopted(adopt) because she couldn't look after him herself.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
艺术运动指的是一些艺术家共同采纳的一种绘画风格。
Art movement means a style of painting (that is) adopted by a group of artists．
先理解再牢记
be adopted by被……所收养
be adopted from选自……，取自……
adopt one's advice/suggestion/plan/idea 采纳某人的建议/计划/想法
adopt a positive attitude 采取积极的态度
[名师点津]　adopt与adapt两词词形相近，但意思不同，adapt 意为“适应；改编，改写”。
2.consequence n．结果，后果
(1)单句语法填空
①We must answer for the consequences of our own deed.
②She was a bright and eager student and，consequently (consequent)，did well in school.
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)A great fire broke out，and as a result，the house was completely destroyed.
①(高级表达)A great fire broke out，and as a consequence/in consequence，the house was completely destroyed.
②(高级表达)As a consequence of/In consequence of a great fire，the house was completely destroyed.
先理解再牢记
(1)as a consequence(＝in consequence) 因此，结果
in consequence of(＝as a consequence of) 由于……的缘故，因而
answer for/deal with/take/suffer/face the consequences 承担后果
of no/little consequence 无足轻重的，不重要的
(2)consequent adj.必然的；随之发生的
consequently adv. 因此；必然地
[佳句背诵]　His decision is of no consequence to me.
3.transform vt.&vi.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态；转化；转换；改造
(1)单句语法填空
①Every moment of every day，energy is being transformed from one form into another.
②He has made a complete transformation (transform) from a comedian into a dramatic actor.
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)Her bitter experience has turned her into a stronger person.
(高级表达)Her bitter experience has transformed her into a stronger person.(transform)
先理解再牢记
(1)transform...into...使……变成……
transform into 转化成；改造为
be transformed from...into...由……变成……；由……迁到……
(2)transformation n．(外观或性质的)改变，变革
[联想发散]　“把……变成……”的其他表达：turn/change...into...。
4.majority n．多数，大多数
(1)单句语法填空
①Our country is a traditional agricultural society，with a majority of farming population.
②But even though some British people are quite strange，the majority of them are (be) really friendly and I've made some good friends.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人反而占少数。
The white are in the majority in Australia while the native people (are) in the minority．
先理解再牢记
(1)in a/the majority 占大多数
a/the majority of 大多数……
by/with a majority of 以大多数……
(2)in a/the minority 占少数
(3)major in 主修……；以……为专业
[名师点津]　the majority of＋
5．brief adj.短时间的；短暂的；简洁的；简单的 n．简要；摘要
(1)单句语法填空
①It's not easy to be(be) brief，especially on a topic you know a lot about.
②Briefly(brief) describe the product，but do not give any technical details at this stage.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
简言之，我们不能接受这样的一个计划。
①Briefly speaking，we can't accept such a plan.(briefly)
②To be brief/In brief，we can't accept such a plan.(brief)
先理解再牢记
(1)in brief简单地说
to be brief简言之
(2)briefly adv.短暂地；简短地
briefly speaking简言之
[名师点津]　briefly speaking等由“副词＋speaking”构成的短语可看成固定搭配，不再考虑其逻辑主语和句子主语之间的关系。
6.confirm vt.&vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信
(1)单句语法填空
①He was confirmed(confirm) as captain for the rest of the season yesterday.
②It has already been confirmed that the meeting will be held next week.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
已经证实所有的人数学考试都及格了。
It has been confirmed that all had passed the math exam.
先理解再牢记
confirm one's belief 坚定某人的信念
be confirmed by sb.被某人认可
It has been confirmed that...已确定/证实……
[佳句背诵]　They worked out an effectivemethod，which was confirmed by the leadership.
7.favour n．赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒
(1)单句语法填空
①Everyone present at the meeting was in favour of what he put forward.
②Please do me a favour and go to the shop for me.
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)Could you help me (to) take these bags in?
①(高级表达)Could you do me the favor to take these bags in? (favour)
②(高级表达) Could you assist me in taking these bags in? (assist)
先理解再牢记
(1)in favour of 赞同，支持
in sb.'s favour 对某人有利；有助于某人
(2)do sb.the favour to do sth.帮助某人做某事
do sb.a favour(＝do a favour for sb.) 给某人以恩惠；帮某人一个忙
ask a favour of sb.(＝ask sb.a favour) 请某人帮忙
[佳句背诵]　The decision went in his favour, which delighted him.8.frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐
(1)单句语法填空
①The mothers are frightened of the children going camping，for they may get lost in the mountain.
②News of the robberies frightened many people into fitting (fit) new locks to their doors.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
米丽娅姆太害怕了，不敢告诉家人发生了什么事。
Miriam was too frightened to tell her family what had happened.
先理解再牢记
(1)frighten...away/off 把……吓跑/吓走
frighten sb.into/out of doing sth.恐吓某人做/不做某事
(2)be frightened to do sth.害怕做某事
be frightened of 对……感到害怕
[佳句背诵]　I will never be frightened into staying silent on this matter.
诠释3个核心短语
1．on the one hand...on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……
(1)单句语法填空
①On the one hand，I want to sell the house，but on the other hand，I can't bear the thought of moving.
②For one thing，she is well-educated; for another，she is pretty.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
一方面我们应该发展经济；另一方面我们应该保护环境。
On the one hand，we should develop our economy; on the other hand，we should protect the environment.
先理解再牢记
(1)on (the) one hand...on the other (hand)...意为“一方面……另一方面……”，常用来表述一个事物的两个方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等。
(2)for one thing...for another (thing)...意为“首先……，再者……”，陈述的两个方面的情况常常一致。
[佳句背诵]　I'm not going to buy it；for one thing I don't like the color，and for another it's far too expensive.
2.follow in one's footsteps 效仿某人
(1)单句语法填空
①She works in television，following in her father's footsteps.
②This can be done if you proceed as follows.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
①我们不能盲目地效仿外国的常规。
We mustn't blindly follow in the footsteps of foreign practice.
②我们都应以他为榜样，全心全意为人民服务。
We must all follow his example and serve the people with all our hearts.
先理解再牢记
(1)follow in the footsteps of...效仿……
follow one's example 以某人为榜样
follow one's advice/directions 听从/遵循某人的建议/指示/说明
follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则
(2)as follows 如下，如下所述
[佳句背诵]　She has an unusual style of dressings; she does not follow the crowd.
3.take...into consideration 认真考虑
(1)单句语法填空
①You should take fuel consumption into consideration when buying a car.
②Could you turn your music down and show a little consideration for the neighbors?
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达) If you take all things into consideration，you will find that governments would want to ban drugs.
①(高级表达)All things taken into consideration，you will find that governments would want to ban drugs.(用独立主格结构)
②(高级表达)With all things taken into consideration，you will find that governments would want to ban drugs.(用with复合结构)
先理解再牢记
give consideration to...考虑……
show consideration for 对……表示关心
under consideration 在讨论/考虑中
out of consideration for 出于对……的考虑/体谅
[佳句背诵]　①The murder victim's name has not been released，out of consideration for her parents.
②The proposals they submitted to the committee are still under consideration.
突破3个高考句型
1．(教材P42) The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.
第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。
[句型公式]　句中不定式短语to be cloned...作后置定语修饰the first mammal。
(1)单句语法填空
①He is always the first to bear(bear) hardships and the last to enjoy(enjoy) comforts.
②In addition，they will strengthen their ability to accept (accept) new and exciting mathematical challenges.
③He was grateful for a chance to relax(relax) at the weekend.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
艾米是唯一目击这起车祸的人。
①Amy was the only person that witnessed the car accident.(定语从句)
②Amy was the only person to witness the car accident.(不定式)
先理解再牢记
动词不定式作后置定语的几种情况：
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the only，the last，the right时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作后置定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，opportunity，ambition，attempt，offer，way以及time，place等。
(3)动词不定式作后置定语表示将要发生的动作。
2.(教材P50) The boy was more frightened than hurt.这个男孩与其说受伤倒不如说是害怕。
[句型公式]　句中的more...than...结构意为“与其说……倒不如说……”，此结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比，more和than后接不定式、形容词、副词的原级、名词或介词短语等两个并列成分。
(1)单句语法填空
①The man was more brave than wise，so he failed many times.
②The first city was probably founded no more than 5，500 years ago.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
当他的儿子再次说谎时，与其说他生气倒不如说他失望。
He was more disappointed than angry when his son lied again.
先理解再牢记
no more than 仅仅；只不过
no more...than...和…… 一样不……
not more than 不超过
not more...than...没有……那样……
more than 多于，超过；不仅仅；非常，很；超出
[佳句背诵]　I was more than a little angry when I saw how they'd ruined it.
3.(教材P59) Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.转基因食品就是最好的例子。
[句型公式]　句中nowhere...truer...为“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
(1)单句语法填空
①He is studying harder(hard) than any other student in this class.
②No one is as intelligent as Tom in his class.
(2)[句式升级] ——链接写作
①(普通表达)What an interesting novel! It is the most moving novel that I have ever read.
(高级表达) What an interesting novel! I have never read a more moving one．
②(普通表达)It was not until then did I realize I was the happiest in the world.
(高级表达) It was not until then did I realize nobody was happier than I was in the world.
先理解再牢记
最高级意义的多种表达法：
(1)the＋形容词/副词最高级
(2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
(3)否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)
(4)比较级＋than＋

[佳句背诵]　Nothing is so/as easy as this.


Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I don't think him to be the best man to do (do) the job because he is very careless.
2．He was a wonderful father to both his natural and adopted(adopt) children.
3．I'm sorry I offended you，but it wasn't my intention (intend)．
4．Experiments on animals have been conducted (conduct) long before the medicine was applied to patients.
5．The loss has not yet been calculated accurately (accurate)，but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.
6．No human being could have passed a happier childhood than me.
7．She worked hard at her lessons and as a consequence got high marks.
8．Scientists have recently confirmed that it is possible to develop a malaria vaccine (疟疾疫苗)．
9．Smiling and laughing has actually (actual) been shown to relieve tension and stress.
10．Security should be taken into consideration with any Website.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每句仅有一处错误)
1．Whatever happens，we must push ahead to our plans to increase production.第一个to→with
2．On the one hand，of course，cars are very useful; on the another hand，they cause air pollution.another→other
3．You are the second teacher ask me the question today.ask前加to
4．For me，music is much a way of life than an interest.much→more
5．So far，this technology has used to produce plants that are better able to defend themselves against pests and diseases.used前加been
6．No one knows what effects the GM material might have to the food chain.to→on
7．Electric heaters have their electric energy transformed to heat.to→into
8．Strictly speaking，you shouldn't enter the lab without the permission.去掉第二个the
9．One-third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens is black people.第二个is→are
10．The suggestion made by the foreign expert adopted by the manager at the meeting.adopted前加was

Ⅰ.课文语法填空
根据P42－43课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With Dolly the sheep cloned 1．successfully (success) from an adult cell，some other animals have already been created.Some scientists even have 2.the intention to clone 3.humans(human) and they are pushing ahead with research now，4.although/though it is not legal in many countries.China has succeeded in 5．producing (produce) clones of cows and goats.
Just 6.as the saying goes，“Every coin has two sides.” On the one hand，cloning can produce 7.valuable (value) human tissues 8.to be used(use) in medical treatment.On the other hand，human cloning 9．causes (cause) much anxiety.Some people say if we toy 10.with nature，we will have to deal with the consequences.
Ⅱ.写作改错双练
根据提示运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并改正学生习作。
1．新发明越来越多地被人们采用。(adopt)
2．它们满足了我们日常生活的需要，让我们受益匪浅。(meet one's need)
3．不过也给我们带来了不好的影响。
4．以互联网为例，它使人们之间的联系更加容易。(example，get in touch with)
5．越来越多的人沉湎于网络，结果身体要垮掉了。 (be addicted to，get burnt out)
6．对于网络的使用，我们必须要谨慎。(be cautious with)
7．总的说来，新发明给我们带来的利要大于弊。(in summary，disadvantage)
第一步：练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。






第二步：练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。
With the development of science and technology，more and more new inventions are adopted.On the one hand，they have met our need in our daily life and profited us a lot of; on the other hand，they have some bad effects on us.Take the Internet as example.It has made it easier for people to get in touch with each other，so more and more people are addicted to the Internet so that they are getting burnt out.As the consequence，we should be cautious with the use of the Internet.However，in summary new inventions are bringing us more advantages than disadvantages.
【答案】
With the development of science and technology，more and more new inventions are adopted.On the one hand，they have met our need in our daily life and profited us a lot ； on the other hand，they have some bad effects on us.Take the Internet example.It has made it easier for people to get in touch with each other， more and more people are addicted to the Internet so that they are getting burnt out.As consequence，we should be cautious with the use of the Internet.However，in summary new inventions are bringing us more advantages than disadvantages.