2020版英语大一轮复习讲义人教版（全国）话题晨背与阅读训练话题：话题十七第二节

第二节　话题阅读(2018·浙江，阅读理解B)Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter，including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台).The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California，including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds，plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers’ arguments：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags，which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is，the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out.However，longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑) these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了环境科学家史蒂文·斯坦支持提倡使用塑料袋的做法，由此引出了对于塑料袋、纸袋、可重复使用袋的讨论。 24.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句和第二段最后一句可知，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的危害，所以D项“据理支持使用塑料袋”正确。25.What does the word “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.答案　A解析　词义猜测题。画线单词所在句意为“看到这种……，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的危害。”联系上一句“The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in...”可知，A项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。26.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据题干信息“可重复使用的购物袋的缺点”可定位到倒数第二段倒数第二句“...longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.”，这种可长期重复使用的购物袋的生产需要更多的能源，故选D项。27.What is the best title for the text?A.Plastic，Paper or NeitherB.Industry，Pollution and EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw AwayD.Garbage Collection and Waste Control答案　A解析　标题归纳题。本文主要叙述了三方面的内容：塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策——用可重复使用的购物袋；环保专家希望塑料袋和纸袋都不用。故A项“塑料袋、纸袋或者两者都不用”可作为本文的最佳标题。1.make sense有意义；讲得通2.litter n.废弃物，垃圾 vi.(对垃圾等)乱丢，乱扔3.fall off从……落下；脱落4.thin film plastic bags薄塑料袋5.end up结束；告终6.prohibit v.禁止7.take aim at瞄准8.reusable adj.可再度使用的9.ban v.禁止1.(第24题)[正确答案]D项 Argue for the use of plastic bags.[命题句子](1)What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.(2)...plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.请在命题句子中划出能推出正确答案的词句。2.(第26题)[正确答案]D项Producing them requires more energy.[命题句子]However，longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.请在命题句子中划出能推出正确答案的词句。3.Eyeing these headwinds，plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.翻译：看到这些禁令，塑料袋制造商雇用了一些像Stein一样的科学家来说明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的危害。分析：这是一个复合句，句子的主干是plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists to make the case。Eyeing these headwinds 是现在分词短语作状语；that引导同位语从句，解释说明the case的内容。