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2020版一轮复习英语新课改人教版学案：选修6Unit2Poems
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(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．tick vt. 给……标记号
2．rhyme n. 韵；押韵；押韵的词
vi. & vt. (使)押韵
3．nursery n. 托儿所
4．violinist n. 小提琴演奏者
5．contradictory adj. 引起矛盾的；好反驳的
6．diamond n. 钻石；菱形
7．cottage n. 村舍；小屋
8．sparrow n. 麻雀
[纵联1] 取笑；招惹；戏弄
10．minimum n. 最低限度；最少量；最小数
11．diploma n. 毕业文凭；学位证书
12．compass n. 指南针；罗盘；(复数)圆规
13．bride n. 新娘
14．bridegroom n. 新郎
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．convey vt. 传达；运送
2．flexible adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的
3．pattern_ n. 模式；式样；图案
4．branch n. 枝条；支流；部门
5．eventually adv. 最后；终于
6．bare adj. 赤裸的；光秃的；稀少的
n. 最基本的要素
7．librarian n. 图书馆馆长；图书馆管理员
8．forever adv. 永远
9．section n. 部分；节；切下的块
10．exchange n. 交换；交流；互换
vt.&vi. 调换；交换
11．sponsor n. 赞助人；主办者；倡议者
vt. 发起；举办；倡议
12．blank n. 空白
adj. 空白的；茫然的
13．concrete adj. 具体的
14．load n. 负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的)
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐；食盐
2．endless adj.无穷的；无止境的→end n．&v.终止；结束→ending n．结尾；结局
3．translation n．翻译；译文→translate v．翻译→translator n．译员；翻译家
4．transform vi.&vt.转化；转换；改造；变换→transformation n．转化；转换；变换
5．sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛；懊悔→sorrowful adj.悲伤的；悲痛的
6．appropriate adj.适当的；正当的→appropriately adv.适当地；合适地
7．championship n．冠军称号→champion n．冠军
8．darkness n．黑暗；漆黑→dark adj.黑暗的[纵联2]
9．warmth n．暖和；温暖→warm adj.暖和的；温暖的；热情的
10．scholarship n．奖学金；学问；学术成就→scholar n．学者[纵联3]
11．pianist n．钢琴家；钢琴演奏者→piano n．钢琴
纵联1.“取笑与愚弄”面面观
①tease 取笑；戏弄
②laugh at 嘲笑
③play the fool with 愚弄
④make fun of 取笑
⑤make a fool/joke of 愚弄
⑥play a trick/joke on 捉弄
纵联2.后缀ness高频名词荟萃
①darkness黑暗；漆黑 ②sickness疾病
③loneliness孤独 ④happiness快乐
⑤sadness悲伤 ⑥kindness善良
⑦bitterness苦味；苦难；怨恨
纵联3.同在一条船(ship)上
①scholarship奖学金；学问 ②friendship友谊
③leadership领导地位 ④relationship关系
⑤hardship苦难 ⑥membership成员资格
⑦championship冠军称号
单元话题——诗歌
子话题 诗歌
①extraordinary adj.非凡的 ②series n．系列
③appreciate vt.欣赏 ④unique adj.独特的
⑤reflect v．反映 ⑥background n．背景
⑦production n．作品 ⑧inspiration n．灵感；启发
⑨description n. 描述；描写 ⑩masterpiece n．杰作
⑪adaptation n．改编本；适应 ⑫lyric n．抒情诗
⑬essay n．散文；文章；随笔 ⑭myth n．神话
⑮legend n．传说；传奇故事 ⑯chapter n．章
⑰original adj.原创的
n．原作
⑱draft n．草稿；草案
vt.起草；草拟
⑲be set in 以……为背景 ⑳works appreciation 作品欣赏
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2015·重庆高考阅读E)History has witnessed the ❶ (end) productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare❷ to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries. Unique works of this kind are different from today's popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.
①用end的适当形式填空：endless，此处用来形容“多产”
②写出加彩词在本单元的同义词：bare
2．(2014·浙江高考阅读B)Brazilians are warm❶ and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be ❷ ， with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can stretch for hours — there's no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon. Brazilians are social, preferring facetoface communication over emails or phone calls.
①写出warm在句中的含义：热情的，其名词形式为warmth
②选词填空：__B__
A．concrete B．flexible C．endless
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词补全句子)
1．(2011·湖南高考写作)它向我们传递一个信息：整体是由很多紧密相关的小的部分组成。(convey)
It_conveys_a_message_to_us:_A whole is made up of many small parts that are closely related.
2．(2015·广东高考写作)她最后赢得了他们的尊重，他们最终变得自信，表现也不错。(eventually)
She finally earned respect of them, who_eventually_became_confident as well as wellbehaved.
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)正如你知道的，除了美味的饺子，敬老院里的老年人同样需要的是温暖和关心。(warmth)
As you know, besides tasty dumplings, what elderly people in the nursing home also need is warmth and care.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．convey vt.传达；表达；运送；传导；传播
[记牢]
convey ... (to sb.) (向某人)表达/传递/传达……
convey to sb. for ... 因……向某人表达……
convey ... from A to B 把……从A处运到B处
[练通] 单句语法填空
①In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere appreciation to you for your help.
②Your luggage will be conveyed from the airport to your hotel.
③(2015·陕西高考)They took a more reasonable approach, conveying (convey) to their children how success at school could improve their lives.
[写美] 补全句子
④(2013·江苏高考书面表达)这儿向我们传达出的信息十分清楚：“事实胜于雄辩。”
The message conveyed_to_us here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.”
2．transform vi.&vt.转化；转换；改造；变换
[记牢]
transform ...into ... 使……变成……
transform ...from ...into ... 把……从……变成……
[练通] 单句语法填空
①As we can see in the picture above, a mother polar bear is trying to colour her babies with black to transform them into pandas so that they can immigrate to China.
②The company has been transformed from a family business into one with 5,000 workforce.
[写美] 补全句子
③另外，您的慷慨帮助和精心照顾让我感到家一般的温暖，把我的首次美国之旅变成一种难忘的记忆。
Additionally, your generous help and tender care made me feel as warm as at home and transformed_my_first_American_trip_into_an_unforgettable_memory.
3．appropriate adj.适当的；正当的
[记牢]
(1)be appropriate to/for 适用于；合乎
be appropriate to do sth. 做某事是合适的
be appropriate that sb. (should) do 某人做……是合适的
(2)appropriately adv. 适当地；合适地
[练通] 单句语法填空
①It is not appropriate to_ask (ask) such personal questions in an interview.
②It's necessary for you to make your child know that you expect him to act appropriately (appropriate) toward other people.
③Sports clothes are not appropriate for a formal wedding.
④It is not appropriate that a student (should)_take (take) smartphones in the school.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤作为中学生，我们不熟悉外国文化，而中国的文化也不适合出现在英语报刊中。
As middle school students, we're not familiar with foreign cultures, while Chinese culture isn't appropriate to appear in an English newspaper.
4．exchange n．交换；交流；互换vt.&vi.调换；交换
[记牢]
(1)in exchange (for ...) 作为交换(……)
make an exchange 交换
exchange student 交换生
(2)exchange ...for ... 用……交换……
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
[练通] 单句语法填空
①I've offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week's accommodation.
②We students should often exchange ideas with our parents, who are rich in experience, and above all, love us most in the world.
③Could you please help me to exchange this shirt for a bigger one?
④When he is interested in others' books instead of his own, he tries to make an exchange.
[用准] exchange和change作动词时，前者强调双方交换，而后者则强调事物的属性或位置的改变。
[写美] 补全句子
⑤(2015·重庆高考写作)所有的参与者都能得到他们想要的东西。与此同时，他们彼此交流想法和感受。
All the participants can get what they want. Meanwhile, they exchange ideas and feelings with each other.
5．load n．负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的) v．装载；加重；把弹药装入(枪、炮)
[辨清] 写出下列句中load的含义
①His family is really a heavy load on his shoulder. 负担
②The lorry has to stop because its load had fallen off.负荷物
③It is time to load this truck.装载
④Be careful! This gun is loaded.把弹药装入
[记牢]
(1)loads of＝a load of 许多；大量(修饰可数或不可数名词)
(2)take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑
(3)load ... with ... 用……装载……
[练通]
同义替换
⑤Even though I have lots of (＝loads_of_/a_load_of) schoolwork to do, I'll spend some free time having sports so that I can keep fit and energetic.
单句语法填空
⑥It takes a load off my mind to leave the child in your charge.
⑦Some students complain that they are loaded with too much homework.
[写美] 补全句子
⑧多年来学生的负担是一个热门话题，但父母的负担，尤其是来自子女的负担，却没有多少人重视。
The burden of students has been a hot topic for years, but the load of parents has received little attention, especially from their own children.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Have you got any concrete (具体的) thoughts on how to deal with this difficulty?
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns (图案) and masses of color.
3．(2017·江苏高考)He's been informed that he doesn't qualify for the scholarship (奖学金) because of his academic background.
4．He is such a person that he likes teasing (戏弄) his colleagues.
5．He dreams of one day becoming a famous violinist (小提琴演奏者)．
6．He turned his head and saw a figure approaching in the darkness (黑暗)．
7．The river has two main branches (支流) along its way to the sea.
8．To keep things move smoothly, they need a more flexible (灵活的) policy.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The question is whether they are sure their heart loaded (load) with love will bring good to their children.
2．Many students with a large amount of pocket money may not know how to use it appropriately (appropriate)．
3．Some students feel that exchanging (exchange) gifts can make more friends and expand their network of friends.
4．It is a surprise that the faraway village has_been_transformed (transform) into a famous tourist city in only ten years.
5．To my sorrow, I did the same work as he did, but got paid much less.
6．What's more, reading brings us not only endless (end) fun but also opportunities.
7．We had many difficulties at first, but eventually (eventual) we succeeded.
8．We should use our schedule flexibly (flexible) to balance our academic and spare time.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译
1．对于您的帮助，我想在这封信中表达对您的感谢。(convey)
In this letter, I would like to_convey_my_thanks_to_you for your assistance.
2．他们的努力使这个光秃秃的小山变成了绿树成荫的地方。(transform)
Their efforts have_transformed_the_bare_hill_into one covered with green trees all over.
3．生活就像满载乘客的列车，每个人都有自己的终点站。(load)
Life is like a train loaded_with_passengers,_each man to his destination.
4．对于学生来说，到处乱丢垃圾，乱写乱画是不合适的。
①It_is_not_appropriate_for a student to litter and scribble about.
②It_is_not_appropriate_that a student should litter and scribble about.
Ⅳ.语境辨义
根据语境选出blank的词性和词义
(A)n.空白；遗忘 (B)adj.不理解的；没表情的
(C)adj.空白的 (D)vt.毫不理睬(某人)
1．If your mind goes blank, try not to panic.__C__
2．She stared at me with a blank expression on her face.__B__
3．My mind was a blank and I couldn't remember her name.__A__
4．I saw her on the bus this morning, but she totally blanked me.__D__
(一)课前自主学习
1．stay_up 熬夜
2．be_popular_with 受……欢迎
3．in_particular 尤其；特别
4．take_it_easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
[串记1] 坚持
6．make_sense 有道理；讲得通
7．try_out 测试；试验
[串记2] 发出；放走；泄露
[串记3] 用完
10．be_made_up_of 由……构成
[同根短语串记]
串记1.贵在“坚持”
①hold on 坚持(不及物)
②stick to 坚持；粘住(及物)
③insist on 坚持(及物)
④persist in 坚持；固执于(及物)
⑤go/keep on 坚持；继续下去(及物)
串记2.“v.＋out”短语集锦
①let out 发出；放走；泄露
②leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
③bring out 阐明；使显示；出版
④make out 理解；辨认出
⑤pick out 挑出；辨认出
⑥figure out 理解；弄清楚
串记3.“用完；耗尽”短语多棱镜
①run out of 用完(及物)
②run out 用完(不及物)
③use up 用完(及物)
④give out 耗尽(不及物)
⑤be/get burnt out 筋疲力尽(不及物)
⑥be tired out 筋疲力尽(不及物)
1．various reasons 各种各样的理由
2．tell_a story 讲故事
3．convey certain emotions 传达某种感情
4．have_strong_rhythm 节奏感强
5．have a flexible_line length 可长可短
6．away_from_darkness 远离黑暗
7．feed one's mind 滋养心灵
8．keep_your smile 珍藏你的微笑
9．on your way 在你人生的旅程中
10．lie_somewhere 在某处
1．There are various reasons why_people_write_poetry.
人们写诗有着各种各样的原因。
2．The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they_are_easy_to_learn and recite.
童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看起来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。
3．Some rhyme (like B) while_others_do_not (like C)．
有些(清单诗)押韵(如B)，而有些不押韵(如C)。
4．Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a_poem_made_up_of_five_lines.
另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗。
5．With_so_many_different_forms_of_poetry_to_choose_from,_students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
6．Although the future may be difficult for you, whenever you need warmth and love, remember I'll have some to give you. 尽管未来对你来说也许是艰难的，但无论你什么时候需要温暖与爱，记住我都会给你。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的短语
选词填空(let out, hold on, stay up)
1．(2018·浙江高考完形填空)Once that happened, I just kept pushing my studying further and further back in my day.Then I got to the point where I was staying_up really late at night to get my work done.
2．(2013·江西高考完形填空)Panicking, she began to scream.Then, just as it seemed as if she would slip beneath the surface, she heard a calm voice.“Hold_on_! I'm coming.” With relief, she saw the old man rowing an ancientlooking boat towards her.
3．(2012·四川高考阅读E)Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis (光合作用) to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let_out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
高考采撷(二) 写作中的句式(补全句子)
1．(2014·安徽高考书面表达)我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。(why引导定语从句)
I think the_reason_why_you_are_always_angry may be the high pressure of study.
2．(2018·北京高考书面表达)事先阅读一些书是必要的，然而一些汉语口语在线课程也能够帮助你融入汉语言文化的氛围中。(while)
Some reading in advance is needed while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)另外，由于建立了体育馆，各种体育赛事能够得以举行。(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Moreover, with_the_stadium_set_up,_a wide range of sports events are able to be held.
4．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)因此，无论什么时候购物，都要再考虑一下这些排名。(whenever)
Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever_we_go_shopping.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．take it easy (＝take things easy) 轻松；不紧张；从容；休息
[记牢]
take it seriously 认真对待；当真
take one's time 别着急；慢慢来
take ... for granted 认 为……理所当然；想当然
[练通]
选词填空(take it easy/take one's time)
①—I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.
—Take_it_easy.
②Take_your_time,_please. Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock.
补全句子
③You should not take_it_for_granted_that you can do the work perfectly. Take_it_seriously and make enough preparations.
不要想当然的认为你能把这项工作做得十分完美；认真对待，并做好充分准备。
[写美] 翻译句子
④休息几天你就没事了。
Take_it_easy_for_a_few_days_and_you_should_be_all_right.
2．run out of用完；用尽；用光
[记牢]
(1)run out 用完；用光
give out 耗尽；筋疲力尽
use up 用完；耗尽
(2)run for 竞选；匆匆去取
run across 偶然遇到
run into 撞上；遇到；邂逅
run through 浏览；跑着穿过
[练通]
单句语法填空
①The taxi ran into the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off.
②I ran across one of my old friends when I was walking in the street the other day.
补全句子
③We are running_out_of (用尽) time.(run)
④Our time is running_out (用完)．(run)
⑤We were giving_out (筋疲力尽) and didn't want to move on.(give)
⑥The petrol has_been_used_up (用光); the car can't move.(use)
[用准] run out of＝use up表主动意义，主语一般是人；run out＝be used up表被动意义，主语通常是物；give out属于不及物动词短语，主语通常是人。
[写美] 翻译句子
⑦我想竞选我们学校英语俱乐部的副主席。
I'd_like_to_run_for_the_vice_president_of_the_English_club_in_our_school._
3．let out 释放；放走；发出(叫喊声等)；泄露(消息、秘密等)；透露
[辨清] 写出下列句中let out的含义
①Hearing the good news, the boy let out a cry of joy.发出
②When the bird gets well, we will let it out.放走
③They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism (生物) on the planet.释放
④She promised that she would not let out the plan to the press.泄露
[记牢]
let in 允许进入；容许；改小
let off 放过；使爆炸
let alone 更不用说；更谈不上
let ...down 把……放下来；使……失望
[练通] 单句语法填空
⑤I believe I can be a good volunteer and I won't let you down.
⑥The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day.
⑦I hardly had time to think these days, let alone relax.
[写美] 补全句子
⑧对于大多数人来说，没有鼠标来操作电脑几乎是不可能的，更谈不上上网。
For most people, it's almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let_alone_surf_the_Internet.
[句式集释]
1．why引导的定语从句
[教材原句] There are various reasons why people write poetry.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)There are various reasons_why they want to do parttime jobs.
他们想做兼职工作有着各种各样的原因。
(2)The reason why_he_failed_the_English_exam_was_that he didn't learn it well.
他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好英语。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)reason后常常使用why引导的定语从句，意为“……的原因”。
(2)the reason why ... is that ...“……的原因是……”。
注意事项
当reason在句中作定语从句的宾语时，先行词用that或which，或者省略关系代词。
The reason (that/which) he explained to us was that he hadn't read the book before.
[背写作佳句]
(1)There are some reasons why I'm writing to ask you to do me a favour.(开头句)
(2)The reason why I have been longing to go to America is that I want to experience American culture, which is believed to be the most diverse in the world.(要点句)
2．with 复合结构
[教材原句] With_so_many_different_forms_of_poetry_to_choose_from,_students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)With a guide to_show (show) us around the scenic spots, we're sure to have a good time.
(2)With several problems remaining (remain) to be solved, we still needed to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
(3)With more and more forests damaged (damage), some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
(4)With_John_away,_we've got more room.
约翰离开了，我们有了更多的空间。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作) (2)with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行) (3)with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成) (4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.
注意事项
with的复合结构除了在句中作状语外，还可以作定语，如：The man with a book under his arms is our beloved teacher.
[背写作佳句]
(1)With a vital exam drawing near, I felt so nervous that I even couldn't eat or sleep, thus making me very sleepy in class.(开头句)
(2)(2018·北京高考书面表达)With their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea. (要点句)
(3)(2018·北京高考书面表达)Soon the tea room became lively with every international student trying to make their own tea.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
stay up， try out， let out， hold on， make sense， in particular， take it easy， run out of， be made up of， be popular with
1．You've been working hard for the past week.You must take_it_easy and relax over the weekend.
2．Do remember not to let_out the news.It's between you and me.
3．English weekly is one of the learning materials that are_popular_with middle school students.
4．He has to stay_up late to prepare for the important examination.
5．This passage just didn't make_sense to me, no matter how I read it.
6．Try_out the new medicine for a year and we'll see how well it works.
7．I have something important to say. Please hold_on for a moment.
8．The whole meal was good and the wine in_particular was excellent.
9．They ran_out_of money and had to abandon the project.
10．About five percent of the U．S. population is_made_up_of_American Indians.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．在这么令人害怕的情况下没有一个可以求助的人，她感到很无助。(with复合结构)
With_no_one_to_turn_to in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.
2．在炎热的夏天，人们带伞的原因是暴露在烈日下可能对皮肤有害。(why引导的定语从句)
The_reason_why_people_carry_umbrellas in hot summer days is that the hot sun may be harmful to the exposed skin.
3．为了实现梦想，必须要努力使自己具有丰富的知识，并且设定一个容易达到的目标。(be＋adj.＋不定式)
To achieve one's dream, one must make great efforts to equip oneself with rich knowledge and set_a_goal_which_is_easy_to_reach.
4．(2015·天津高考书面表达)我是李津，晨光中学学生会主席。(名词短语作同位语)
I am Li Jin, chairman_of_the_Students'_Union_of_Chenguang_High_School.
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
The end of my sophomore year was approaching. Mom called me at the dorm one evening during the last week of May. My summer break would be spent with grandma and grandpa on their farm. I wasn't quite satisfied with the arrangement but guessed it was just one summer. Next year would be my little brother's turn.
I arrived late that afternoon. Grandma had prepared more food than the three of us could possibly eat. However, the next morning, Grandpa prepared breakfast for the two of us. He told me Grandma tired_herself_out yesterday and was going to rest in bed. I made_up_my_mind to be of some help, not be a burden.
Weeks passed. I gradually got_accustomed_to the life there. In the evenings I usually read or talked with Grandma. She never grew tired of hearing about college or anything I was involved in. She told me stories about her childhood, family and the early years after she and Grandpa had married.
The last Saturday in June, Grandpa suggested going_fishing. We hadn't expected what we saw when we got to the_pond that morning: One of the_swans was_dead. Grandpa had given the pair of swans to Grandma on their 50th anniversary. “We can think of buying another one，” I suggested. Grandpa thought for a few moments before answering.
He finally said, “No, it's not that easy. You see, swans mate for life. There's nothing we can do for the one that's left. He has to work it out for_himself.”
A few days later, we found the other swan lying near the same spot where we had found the first one. It, too, was dead.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
On July 12, Grandma passed away, who had died suddenly that morning of a stroke.
Paragraph 2：
Life at college was busy but the days spent with Grandma and Grandpa often appeared in my mind.
[写作步骤]
第一步：速读全文
文本大意：这是一个凄美的故事，讲述动物之间的生死相依。我大学二年级结束的时候去外公外婆的农场度暑假。有天早晨，外公提议去钓鱼。当我们到达池塘的时候，有一只天鹅死去了！外公说天鹅是从一而终的，因此不能为剩下的这只天鹅做任何事。几天之后，这只天鹅也死了。后来，外婆永远地离开了我们……
叙述意图：文章告诉我们爱不但要从语言上表达出来，还要在行动上体现出来。
第二步：细读全文
1．所给短文情景模式分析。
who
I, Mom, grandma, grandpa
what
I went to my grandparents' farm to spend my summer holidays. Two swans died.
when
the end of my sophomore year
where
on the farm
why
Swans mate for life.
2．对原文所提供的下划线词语进行分类。
★人物/动物：grandma, the swans
★事件：be dead, the pond, for himself
★动作与心理描写：call, tire herself out, make up one's mind, get accustomed to, go fishing
第三步：精心谋篇
1．Paragraph 1：On July 12, Grandma passed away, who had died suddenly that morning of a stroke.
7月12日，我的外婆永远地离开了我们，她是在那天早晨突然中风去世的。
[情节分析] 根据段首句可知，7月12日那天早上外婆突然中风去世了。外公非常悲痛，在外婆葬礼之后，我们劝外公离开农场，和我们一起住，但外公舍不得离开。然后我们离开那里，我回到学校继续学业。外公并不是那种善于在别人的面前表达自己的悲痛的人，所以我们都非常担心他。
2．Paragraph 2：Life at college was busy but the days spent with Grandma and Grandpa often appeared in my mind. 大学生活很忙，但和外公外婆在一起的日子经常出现在我的脑海里。
[情节分析] 根据段首句可知，接下来的内容是作者想回到外公那里和外公一起生活；根据全文大意，尤其是天鹅之死，生死相依，外公向作者解释天鹅是怎么回事，接下来外公也去世了，也死于中风，让作者十分悲痛。作者猛然明白了在和外公一起到池塘边去钓鱼的时候，外公曾经吞吞吐吐地试图解释的那个有关天鹅的故事的含义。这样情节会显得完整、紧凑。
第四步：初写成文
Paragraph 1：
1．也许她太累了，需要一个永久的睡眠。
Perhaps she had tired herself out and needed_a_permanent_sleep.
2．在她的葬礼后，外公说他已决定自己住在那里，我们应该回到自己的生活中去。
After her funeral, Grandpa said that he had decided to live there himself and_that_we_should_get_back_to_our_own_lives.
3．外公不是一个能在别人面前表现出悲伤的人，我们都为他担心。
Grandpa was not a man who could outwardly express his grief around others, and we all worried_about him.
4．当我们说再见的时候，我发现外公有些不一样的地方，但我不太明白。
When we said goodbye, I found there_was_something_different about Grandpa but couldn't quite understand it.
Paragraph 2：
5．我多么希望能再次和外公一起去钓鱼啊！
How I wish_to_go_fishing again with Grandpa!
6．在十月的一个暴风雨的日子，妈妈打电话到学校告诉我外公去世了，这让我非常难过。
Mom called me at school on_a_stormy_October_day to tell me Grandpa had died, and this made me in deep sorrow.
7．外公也死于中风，和外婆一样。
Grandpa also died of a stroke, the_same_as Grandma.
8．就在那一刻，我猛然明白了那天上午在我和外公一起在池塘边钓鱼时，外公曾经吞吞吐吐地试图向我解释的那个有关天鹅的故事的含义。
At that moment, I suddenly understood what he'd clumsily tried_to_explain_to_me about the swans on that morning when we fished together by the pond.
第五步：润色升级
1．用高级词汇替换要点2中的decided。
decided→made_up_his_mind
2．用高级词汇替换要点4中的understand。
understand→make_out
3．用定语从句改写要点6。
Mom_called_me_at_school_on_a_stormy_October_day_to_tell_me_Grandpa_had_died,_which_made_me_in_deep_sorrow.
第六步：复查定稿
Paragraph 1：
On July 12, Grandma passed away, who had died suddenly that morning of a stroke. “Perhaps she had tired_herself_out and needed a permanent sleep，” Grandpa said. After her funeral, Grandpa said that he had made_up_his_mind to live there himself and that we should get back to our own lives. Grandpa was not a man who could outwardly express his grief around others, and we all worried about him. When we said goodbye, I found there was something different about Grandpa but couldn't quite make it out.
Paragraph 2：
Life at college was busy but the days spent with Grandma and Grandpa often appeared in my mind. How I wish to go_fishing again with Grandpa! But Mom called me at school on a stormy October day to tell me Grandpa had died, which made me in deep sorrow. Grandpa also died of a stroke, the same as Grandma. At that moment, I suddenly understood what he'd clumsily tried to explain to me about the_swans on that morning when we fished together by the_pond.
理清句间结构之(四) 因果
因果逻辑关系很受高考英语命题者的青睐，因为因果句阐述了两个事件或者事实之间的内在联系，是作者进行分析或者得出结论的地方。一般来说，考查因果关系的题目有两种形式，给出原因推结果或是给出结果找原因。命题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会将因果颠倒，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系，防止受到迷惑。
表示因果关系的词语有：because, because of, for, since, due to, thanks to, as a result of, as, so, thus, therefore, consequently, in consequence, as a result, result from, result in, cause, lead to, attribute ...to等。有时候文章中虽然没有出现表示因果关系的标志性词语，但是在逻辑上也存在着因果关系，这个时候考生就需要自己进行判断和推理。
[高考典例1] 2013·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读七选五
If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about. __54__. As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking.Your audience can be your friends.
A．You aren't like anybody else
B．You already do lots of things well
C．Turn your back on too many rules
D．Check the rules about dos and don'ts
E．Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough
F．The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep
G．So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse
[分析] 分析空格前后内容可知，空格处与前文为因果关系。空格前面一句“Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about.(你的大脑充满了要谈的内容。)”表示原因，因此空格处应填表示结果的选项，而G项中的So在此处表示结果。故选G项。
[高考典例2] 2013·重庆卷·B篇
One of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience.This idea has inspired the awardwinning photographer Andrew Zuckerman.He interviewed and took photos of fifty oversixtyfiveyearolds all over the world.His project explores various aspects of their lives.The photos and interviews are now available on our website.
Q：Why did Andrew Zuckerman choose the fifty elders for his project?
A．Because their wisdom deserves to be passed on.
B．Because they are physically impressive.
C．Because their accomplishments inspired him.
D．Because they have similar experiences.
[分析] 本题是在因果关系处设题。根据文章第一句话“One of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience.”可知，这些老人的智慧是他们给下一代的礼物，所以值得传递下去。故选A项。
[高考典例3] 2014·安徽卷·完形填空
In 2012, I had just recovered from a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writer's conference in Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a 36(holiday) might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I __37__.
37．A.kept B．went
C．dropped D．knocked
[分析] 通过首句可知，本文为记叙文，作者讲述了自己2012年到佛罗里达州的奥兰多参加作家研讨会的故事。37题前面有so，前后为因果关系，当然是went off(离开)。
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．tick vt. 给……标记号
2．rhyme n. 韵；押韵；押韵的词
vi. & vt. (使)押韵
3．nursery n. 托儿所
4．violinist n. 小提琴演奏者
5．contradictory adj. 引起矛盾的；好反驳的
6．diamond n. 钻石；菱形
7．cottage n. 村舍；小屋
8．sparrow n. 麻雀
[纵联1] 取笑；招惹；戏弄
10．minimum n. 最低限度；最少量；最小数
11．diploma n. 毕业文凭；学位证书
12．compass n. 指南针；罗盘；(复数)圆规
13．bride n. 新娘
14．bridegroom n. 新郎
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．convey vt. 传达；运送
2．flexible adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的
3．pattern_ n. 模式；式样；图案
4．branch n. 枝条；支流；部门
5．eventually adv. 最后；终于
6．bare adj. 赤裸的；光秃的；稀少的
n. 最基本的要素
7．librarian n. 图书馆馆长；图书馆管理员
8．forever adv. 永远
9．section n. 部分；节；切下的块
10．exchange n. 交换；交流；互换
vt.&vi. 调换；交换
11．sponsor n. 赞助人；主办者；倡议者
vt. 发起；举办；倡议
12．blank n. 空白
adj. 空白的；茫然的
13．concrete adj. 具体的
14．load n. 负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的)
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐；食盐
2．endless adj.无穷的；无止境的→end n．&v.终止；结束→ending n．结尾；结局
3．translation n．翻译；译文→translate v．翻译→translator n．译员；翻译家
4．transform vi.&vt.转化；转换；改造；变换→transformation n．转化；转换；变换
5．sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛；懊悔→sorrowful adj.悲伤的；悲痛的
6．appropriate adj.适当的；正当的→appropriately adv.适当地；合适地
7．championship n．冠军称号→champion n．冠军
8．darkness n．黑暗；漆黑→dark adj.黑暗的[纵联2]
9．warmth n．暖和；温暖→warm adj.暖和的；温暖的；热情的
10．scholarship n．奖学金；学问；学术成就→scholar n．学者[纵联3]
11．pianist n．钢琴家；钢琴演奏者→piano n．钢琴
纵联1.“取笑与愚弄”面面观
①tease 取笑；戏弄
②laugh at 嘲笑
③play the fool with 愚弄
④make fun of 取笑
⑤make a fool/joke of 愚弄
⑥play a trick/joke on 捉弄
纵联2.后缀ness高频名词荟萃
①darkness黑暗；漆黑 ②sickness疾病
③loneliness孤独 ④happiness快乐
⑤sadness悲伤 ⑥kindness善良
⑦bitterness苦味；苦难；怨恨
纵联3.同在一条船(ship)上
①scholarship奖学金；学问 ②friendship友谊
③leadership领导地位 ④relationship关系
⑤hardship苦难 ⑥membership成员资格
⑦championship冠军称号
单元话题——诗歌
子话题 诗歌
①extraordinary adj.非凡的 ②series n．系列
③appreciate vt.欣赏 ④unique adj.独特的
⑤reflect v．反映 ⑥background n．背景
⑦production n．作品 ⑧inspiration n．灵感；启发
⑨description n. 描述；描写 ⑩masterpiece n．杰作
⑪adaptation n．改编本；适应 ⑫lyric n．抒情诗
⑬essay n．散文；文章；随笔 ⑭myth n．神话
⑮legend n．传说；传奇故事 ⑯chapter n．章
⑰original adj.原创的
n．原作
⑱draft n．草稿；草案
vt.起草；草拟
⑲be set in 以……为背景 ⑳works appreciation 作品欣赏
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2015·重庆高考阅读E)History has witnessed the ❶ (end) productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare❷ to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries. Unique works of this kind are different from today's popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.
①用end的适当形式填空：endless，此处用来形容“多产”
②写出加彩词在本单元的同义词：bare
2．(2014·浙江高考阅读B)Brazilians are warm❶ and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be ❷ ， with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can stretch for hours — there's no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon. Brazilians are social, preferring facetoface communication over emails or phone calls.
①写出warm在句中的含义：热情的，其名词形式为warmth
②选词填空：__B__
A．concrete B．flexible C．endless
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词补全句子)
1．(2011·湖南高考写作)它向我们传递一个信息：整体是由很多紧密相关的小的部分组成。(convey)
It_conveys_a_message_to_us:_A whole is made up of many small parts that are closely related.
2．(2015·广东高考写作)她最后赢得了他们的尊重，他们最终变得自信，表现也不错。(eventually)
She finally earned respect of them, who_eventually_became_confident as well as wellbehaved.
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)正如你知道的，除了美味的饺子，敬老院里的老年人同样需要的是温暖和关心。(warmth)
As you know, besides tasty dumplings, what elderly people in the nursing home also need is warmth and care.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．convey vt.传达；表达；运送；传导；传播
[记牢]
convey ... (to sb.) (向某人)表达/传递/传达……
convey to sb. for ... 因……向某人表达……
convey ... from A to B 把……从A处运到B处
[练通] 单句语法填空
①In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere appreciation to you for your help.
②Your luggage will be conveyed from the airport to your hotel.
③(2015·陕西高考)They took a more reasonable approach, conveying (convey) to their children how success at school could improve their lives.
[写美] 补全句子
④(2013·江苏高考书面表达)这儿向我们传达出的信息十分清楚：“事实胜于雄辩。”
The message conveyed_to_us here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.”
2．transform vi.&vt.转化；转换；改造；变换
[记牢]
transform ...into ... 使……变成……
transform ...from ...into ... 把……从……变成……
[练通] 单句语法填空
①As we can see in the picture above, a mother polar bear is trying to colour her babies with black to transform them into pandas so that they can immigrate to China.
②The company has been transformed from a family business into one with 5,000 workforce.
[写美] 补全句子
③另外，您的慷慨帮助和精心照顾让我感到家一般的温暖，把我的首次美国之旅变成一种难忘的记忆。
Additionally, your generous help and tender care made me feel as warm as at home and transformed_my_first_American_trip_into_an_unforgettable_memory.
3．appropriate adj.适当的；正当的
[记牢]
(1)be appropriate to/for 适用于；合乎
be appropriate to do sth. 做某事是合适的
be appropriate that sb. (should) do 某人做……是合适的
(2)appropriately adv. 适当地；合适地
[练通] 单句语法填空
①It is not appropriate to_ask (ask) such personal questions in an interview.
②It's necessary for you to make your child know that you expect him to act appropriately (appropriate) toward other people.
③Sports clothes are not appropriate for a formal wedding.
④It is not appropriate that a student (should)_take (take) smartphones in the school.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤作为中学生，我们不熟悉外国文化，而中国的文化也不适合出现在英语报刊中。
As middle school students, we're not familiar with foreign cultures, while Chinese culture isn't appropriate to appear in an English newspaper.
4．exchange n．交换；交流；互换vt.&vi.调换；交换
[记牢]
(1)in exchange (for ...) 作为交换(……)
make an exchange 交换
exchange student 交换生
(2)exchange ...for ... 用……交换……
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
[练通] 单句语法填空
①I've offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week's accommodation.
②We students should often exchange ideas with our parents, who are rich in experience, and above all, love us most in the world.
③Could you please help me to exchange this shirt for a bigger one?
④When he is interested in others' books instead of his own, he tries to make an exchange.
[用准] exchange和change作动词时，前者强调双方交换，而后者则强调事物的属性或位置的改变。
[写美] 补全句子
⑤(2015·重庆高考写作)所有的参与者都能得到他们想要的东西。与此同时，他们彼此交流想法和感受。
All the participants can get what they want. Meanwhile, they exchange ideas and feelings with each other.
5．load n．负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的) v．装载；加重；把弹药装入(枪、炮)
[辨清] 写出下列句中load的含义
①His family is really a heavy load on his shoulder. 负担
②The lorry has to stop because its load had fallen off.负荷物
③It is time to load this truck.装载
④Be careful! This gun is loaded.把弹药装入
[记牢]
(1)loads of＝a load of 许多；大量(修饰可数或不可数名词)
(2)take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑
(3)load ... with ... 用……装载……
[练通]
同义替换
⑤Even though I have lots of (＝loads_of_/a_load_of) schoolwork to do, I'll spend some free time having sports so that I can keep fit and energetic.
单句语法填空
⑥It takes a load off my mind to leave the child in your charge.
⑦Some students complain that they are loaded with too much homework.
[写美] 补全句子
⑧多年来学生的负担是一个热门话题，但父母的负担，尤其是来自子女的负担，却没有多少人重视。
The burden of students has been a hot topic for years, but the load of parents has received little attention, especially from their own children.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Have you got any concrete (具体的) thoughts on how to deal with this difficulty?
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns (图案) and masses of color.
3．(2017·江苏高考)He's been informed that he doesn't qualify for the scholarship (奖学金) because of his academic background.
4．He is such a person that he likes teasing (戏弄) his colleagues.
5．He dreams of one day becoming a famous violinist (小提琴演奏者)．
6．He turned his head and saw a figure approaching in the darkness (黑暗)．
7．The river has two main branches (支流) along its way to the sea.
8．To keep things move smoothly, they need a more flexible (灵活的) policy.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The question is whether they are sure their heart loaded (load) with love will bring good to their children.
2．Many students with a large amount of pocket money may not know how to use it appropriately (appropriate)．
3．Some students feel that exchanging (exchange) gifts can make more friends and expand their network of friends.
4．It is a surprise that the faraway village has_been_transformed (transform) into a famous tourist city in only ten years.
5．To my sorrow, I did the same work as he did, but got paid much less.
6．What's more, reading brings us not only endless (end) fun but also opportunities.
7．We had many difficulties at first, but eventually (eventual) we succeeded.
8．We should use our schedule flexibly (flexible) to balance our academic and spare time.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译
1．对于您的帮助，我想在这封信中表达对您的感谢。(convey)
In this letter, I would like to_convey_my_thanks_to_you for your assistance.
2．他们的努力使这个光秃秃的小山变成了绿树成荫的地方。(transform)
Their efforts have_transformed_the_bare_hill_into one covered with green trees all over.
3．生活就像满载乘客的列车，每个人都有自己的终点站。(load)
Life is like a train loaded_with_passengers,_each man to his destination.
4．对于学生来说，到处乱丢垃圾，乱写乱画是不合适的。
①It_is_not_appropriate_for a student to litter and scribble about.
②It_is_not_appropriate_that a student should litter and scribble about.
Ⅳ.语境辨义
根据语境选出blank的词性和词义
(A)n.空白；遗忘 (B)adj.不理解的；没表情的
(C)adj.空白的 (D)vt.毫不理睬(某人)
1．If your mind goes blank, try not to panic.__C__
2．She stared at me with a blank expression on her face.__B__
3．My mind was a blank and I couldn't remember her name.__A__
4．I saw her on the bus this morning, but she totally blanked me.__D__
(一)课前自主学习
1．stay_up 熬夜
2．be_popular_with 受……欢迎
3．in_particular 尤其；特别
4．take_it_easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
[串记1] 坚持
6．make_sense 有道理；讲得通
7．try_out 测试；试验
[串记2] 发出；放走；泄露
[串记3] 用完
10．be_made_up_of 由……构成
[同根短语串记]
串记1.贵在“坚持”
①hold on 坚持(不及物)
②stick to 坚持；粘住(及物)
③insist on 坚持(及物)
④persist in 坚持；固执于(及物)
⑤go/keep on 坚持；继续下去(及物)
串记2.“v.＋out”短语集锦
①let out 发出；放走；泄露
②leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
③bring out 阐明；使显示；出版
④make out 理解；辨认出
⑤pick out 挑出；辨认出
⑥figure out 理解；弄清楚
串记3.“用完；耗尽”短语多棱镜
①run out of 用完(及物)
②run out 用完(不及物)
③use up 用完(及物)
④give out 耗尽(不及物)
⑤be/get burnt out 筋疲力尽(不及物)
⑥be tired out 筋疲力尽(不及物)
1．various reasons 各种各样的理由
2．tell_a story 讲故事
3．convey certain emotions 传达某种感情
4．have_strong_rhythm 节奏感强
5．have a flexible_line length 可长可短
6．away_from_darkness 远离黑暗
7．feed one's mind 滋养心灵
8．keep_your smile 珍藏你的微笑
9．on your way 在你人生的旅程中
10．lie_somewhere 在某处
1．There are various reasons why_people_write_poetry.
人们写诗有着各种各样的原因。
2．The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they_are_easy_to_learn and recite.
童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看起来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。
3．Some rhyme (like B) while_others_do_not (like C)．
有些(清单诗)押韵(如B)，而有些不押韵(如C)。
4．Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a_poem_made_up_of_five_lines.
另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗。
5．With_so_many_different_forms_of_poetry_to_choose_from,_students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
6．Although the future may be difficult for you, whenever you need warmth and love, remember I'll have some to give you. 尽管未来对你来说也许是艰难的，但无论你什么时候需要温暖与爱，记住我都会给你。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的短语
选词填空(let out, hold on, stay up)
1．(2018·浙江高考完形填空)Once that happened, I just kept pushing my studying further and further back in my day.Then I got to the point where I was staying_up really late at night to get my work done.
2．(2013·江西高考完形填空)Panicking, she began to scream.Then, just as it seemed as if she would slip beneath the surface, she heard a calm voice.“Hold_on_! I'm coming.” With relief, she saw the old man rowing an ancientlooking boat towards her.
3．(2012·四川高考阅读E)Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis (光合作用) to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let_out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
高考采撷(二) 写作中的句式(补全句子)
1．(2014·安徽高考书面表达)我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。(why引导定语从句)
I think the_reason_why_you_are_always_angry may be the high pressure of study.
2．(2018·北京高考书面表达)事先阅读一些书是必要的，然而一些汉语口语在线课程也能够帮助你融入汉语言文化的氛围中。(while)
Some reading in advance is needed while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)另外，由于建立了体育馆，各种体育赛事能够得以举行。(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Moreover, with_the_stadium_set_up,_a wide range of sports events are able to be held.
4．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)因此，无论什么时候购物，都要再考虑一下这些排名。(whenever)
Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever_we_go_shopping.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．take it easy (＝take things easy) 轻松；不紧张；从容；休息
[记牢]
take it seriously 认真对待；当真
take one's time 别着急；慢慢来
take ... for granted 认 为……理所当然；想当然
[练通]
选词填空(take it easy/take one's time)
①—I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.
—Take_it_easy.
②Take_your_time,_please. Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock.
补全句子
③You should not take_it_for_granted_that you can do the work perfectly. Take_it_seriously and make enough preparations.
不要想当然的认为你能把这项工作做得十分完美；认真对待，并做好充分准备。
[写美] 翻译句子
④休息几天你就没事了。
Take_it_easy_for_a_few_days_and_you_should_be_all_right.
2．run out of用完；用尽；用光
[记牢]
(1)run out 用完；用光
give out 耗尽；筋疲力尽
use up 用完；耗尽
(2)run for 竞选；匆匆去取
run across 偶然遇到
run into 撞上；遇到；邂逅
run through 浏览；跑着穿过
[练通]
单句语法填空
①The taxi ran into the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off.
②I ran across one of my old friends when I was walking in the street the other day.
补全句子
③We are running_out_of (用尽) time.(run)
④Our time is running_out (用完)．(run)
⑤We were giving_out (筋疲力尽) and didn't want to move on.(give)
⑥The petrol has_been_used_up (用光); the car can't move.(use)
[用准] run out of＝use up表主动意义，主语一般是人；run out＝be used up表被动意义，主语通常是物；give out属于不及物动词短语，主语通常是人。
[写美] 翻译句子
⑦我想竞选我们学校英语俱乐部的副主席。
I'd_like_to_run_for_the_vice_president_of_the_English_club_in_our_school._
3．let out 释放；放走；发出(叫喊声等)；泄露(消息、秘密等)；透露
[辨清] 写出下列句中let out的含义
①Hearing the good news, the boy let out a cry of joy.发出
②When the bird gets well, we will let it out.放走
③They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism (生物) on the planet.释放
④She promised that she would not let out the plan to the press.泄露
[记牢]
let in 允许进入；容许；改小
let off 放过；使爆炸
let alone 更不用说；更谈不上
let ...down 把……放下来；使……失望
[练通] 单句语法填空
⑤I believe I can be a good volunteer and I won't let you down.
⑥The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day.
⑦I hardly had time to think these days, let alone relax.
[写美] 补全句子
⑧对于大多数人来说，没有鼠标来操作电脑几乎是不可能的，更谈不上上网。
For most people, it's almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let_alone_surf_the_Internet.
[句式集释]
1．why引导的定语从句
[教材原句] There are various reasons why people write poetry.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)There are various reasons_why they want to do parttime jobs.
他们想做兼职工作有着各种各样的原因。
(2)The reason why_he_failed_the_English_exam_was_that he didn't learn it well.
他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好英语。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)reason后常常使用why引导的定语从句，意为“……的原因”。
(2)the reason why ... is that ...“……的原因是……”。
注意事项
当reason在句中作定语从句的宾语时，先行词用that或which，或者省略关系代词。
The reason (that/which) he explained to us was that he hadn't read the book before.
[背写作佳句]
(1)There are some reasons why I'm writing to ask you to do me a favour.(开头句)
(2)The reason why I have been longing to go to America is that I want to experience American culture, which is believed to be the most diverse in the world.(要点句)
2．with 复合结构
[教材原句] With_so_many_different_forms_of_poetry_to_choose_from,_students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)With a guide to_show (show) us around the scenic spots, we're sure to have a good time.
(2)With several problems remaining (remain) to be solved, we still needed to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
(3)With more and more forests damaged (damage), some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
(4)With_John_away,_we've got more room.
约翰离开了，我们有了更多的空间。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作) (2)with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行) (3)with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成) (4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.
注意事项
with的复合结构除了在句中作状语外，还可以作定语，如：The man with a book under his arms is our beloved teacher.
[背写作佳句]
(1)With a vital exam drawing near, I felt so nervous that I even couldn't eat or sleep, thus making me very sleepy in class.(开头句)
(2)(2018·北京高考书面表达)With their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea. (要点句)
(3)(2018·北京高考书面表达)Soon the tea room became lively with every international student trying to make their own tea.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
stay up， try out， let out， hold on， make sense， in particular， take it easy， run out of， be made up of， be popular with
1．You've been working hard for the past week.You must take_it_easy and relax over the weekend.
2．Do remember not to let_out the news.It's between you and me.
3．English weekly is one of the learning materials that are_popular_with middle school students.
4．He has to stay_up late to prepare for the important examination.
5．This passage just didn't make_sense to me, no matter how I read it.
6．Try_out the new medicine for a year and we'll see how well it works.
7．I have something important to say. Please hold_on for a moment.
8．The whole meal was good and the wine in_particular was excellent.
9．They ran_out_of money and had to abandon the project.
10．About five percent of the U．S. population is_made_up_of_American Indians.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．在这么令人害怕的情况下没有一个可以求助的人，她感到很无助。(with复合结构)
With_no_one_to_turn_to in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.
2．在炎热的夏天，人们带伞的原因是暴露在烈日下可能对皮肤有害。(why引导的定语从句)
The_reason_why_people_carry_umbrellas in hot summer days is that the hot sun may be harmful to the exposed skin.
3．为了实现梦想，必须要努力使自己具有丰富的知识，并且设定一个容易达到的目标。(be＋adj.＋不定式)
To achieve one's dream, one must make great efforts to equip oneself with rich knowledge and set_a_goal_which_is_easy_to_reach.
4．(2015·天津高考书面表达)我是李津，晨光中学学生会主席。(名词短语作同位语)
I am Li Jin, chairman_of_the_Students'_Union_of_Chenguang_High_School.
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
The end of my sophomore year was approaching. Mom called me at the dorm one evening during the last week of May. My summer break would be spent with grandma and grandpa on their farm. I wasn't quite satisfied with the arrangement but guessed it was just one summer. Next year would be my little brother's turn.
I arrived late that afternoon. Grandma had prepared more food than the three of us could possibly eat. However, the next morning, Grandpa prepared breakfast for the two of us. He told me Grandma tired_herself_out yesterday and was going to rest in bed. I made_up_my_mind to be of some help, not be a burden.
Weeks passed. I gradually got_accustomed_to the life there. In the evenings I usually read or talked with Grandma. She never grew tired of hearing about college or anything I was involved in. She told me stories about her childhood, family and the early years after she and Grandpa had married.
The last Saturday in June, Grandpa suggested going_fishing. We hadn't expected what we saw when we got to the_pond that morning: One of the_swans was_dead. Grandpa had given the pair of swans to Grandma on their 50th anniversary. “We can think of buying another one，” I suggested. Grandpa thought for a few moments before answering.
He finally said, “No, it's not that easy. You see, swans mate for life. There's nothing we can do for the one that's left. He has to work it out for_himself.”
A few days later, we found the other swan lying near the same spot where we had found the first one. It, too, was dead.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
On July 12, Grandma passed away, who had died suddenly that morning of a stroke.
Paragraph 2：
Life at college was busy but the days spent with Grandma and Grandpa often appeared in my mind.
[写作步骤]
第一步：速读全文
文本大意：这是一个凄美的故事，讲述动物之间的生死相依。我大学二年级结束的时候去外公外婆的农场度暑假。有天早晨，外公提议去钓鱼。当我们到达池塘的时候，有一只天鹅死去了！外公说天鹅是从一而终的，因此不能为剩下的这只天鹅做任何事。几天之后，这只天鹅也死了。后来，外婆永远地离开了我们……
叙述意图：文章告诉我们爱不但要从语言上表达出来，还要在行动上体现出来。
第二步：细读全文
1．所给短文情景模式分析。
who
I, Mom, grandma, grandpa
what
I went to my grandparents' farm to spend my summer holidays. Two swans died.
when
the end of my sophomore year
where
on the farm
why
Swans mate for life.
2．对原文所提供的下划线词语进行分类。
★人物/动物：grandma, the swans
★事件：be dead, the pond, for himself
★动作与心理描写：call, tire herself out, make up one's mind, get accustomed to, go fishing
第三步：精心谋篇
1．Paragraph 1：On July 12, Grandma passed away, who had died suddenly that morning of a stroke.
7月12日，我的外婆永远地离开了我们，她是在那天早晨突然中风去世的。
[情节分析] 根据段首句可知，7月12日那天早上外婆突然中风去世了。外公非常悲痛，在外婆葬礼之后，我们劝外公离开农场，和我们一起住，但外公舍不得离开。然后我们离开那里，我回到学校继续学业。外公并不是那种善于在别人的面前表达自己的悲痛的人，所以我们都非常担心他。
2．Paragraph 2：Life at college was busy but the days spent with Grandma and Grandpa often appeared in my mind. 大学生活很忙，但和外公外婆在一起的日子经常出现在我的脑海里。
[情节分析] 根据段首句可知，接下来的内容是作者想回到外公那里和外公一起生活；根据全文大意，尤其是天鹅之死，生死相依，外公向作者解释天鹅是怎么回事，接下来外公也去世了，也死于中风，让作者十分悲痛。作者猛然明白了在和外公一起到池塘边去钓鱼的时候，外公曾经吞吞吐吐地试图解释的那个有关天鹅的故事的含义。这样情节会显得完整、紧凑。
第四步：初写成文
Paragraph 1：
1．也许她太累了，需要一个永久的睡眠。
Perhaps she had tired herself out and needed_a_permanent_sleep.
2．在她的葬礼后，外公说他已决定自己住在那里，我们应该回到自己的生活中去。
After her funeral, Grandpa said that he had decided to live there himself and_that_we_should_get_back_to_our_own_lives.
3．外公不是一个能在别人面前表现出悲伤的人，我们都为他担心。
Grandpa was not a man who could outwardly express his grief around others, and we all worried_about him.
4．当我们说再见的时候，我发现外公有些不一样的地方，但我不太明白。
When we said goodbye, I found there_was_something_different about Grandpa but couldn't quite understand it.
Paragraph 2：
5．我多么希望能再次和外公一起去钓鱼啊！
How I wish_to_go_fishing again with Grandpa!
6．在十月的一个暴风雨的日子，妈妈打电话到学校告诉我外公去世了，这让我非常难过。
Mom called me at school on_a_stormy_October_day to tell me Grandpa had died, and this made me in deep sorrow.
7．外公也死于中风，和外婆一样。
Grandpa also died of a stroke, the_same_as Grandma.
8．就在那一刻，我猛然明白了那天上午在我和外公一起在池塘边钓鱼时，外公曾经吞吞吐吐地试图向我解释的那个有关天鹅的故事的含义。
At that moment, I suddenly understood what he'd clumsily tried_to_explain_to_me about the swans on that morning when we fished together by the pond.
第五步：润色升级
1．用高级词汇替换要点2中的decided。
decided→made_up_his_mind
2．用高级词汇替换要点4中的understand。
understand→make_out
3．用定语从句改写要点6。
Mom_called_me_at_school_on_a_stormy_October_day_to_tell_me_Grandpa_had_died,_which_made_me_in_deep_sorrow.
第六步：复查定稿
Paragraph 1：
On July 12, Grandma passed away, who had died suddenly that morning of a stroke. “Perhaps she had tired_herself_out and needed a permanent sleep，” Grandpa said. After her funeral, Grandpa said that he had made_up_his_mind to live there himself and that we should get back to our own lives. Grandpa was not a man who could outwardly express his grief around others, and we all worried about him. When we said goodbye, I found there was something different about Grandpa but couldn't quite make it out.
Paragraph 2：
Life at college was busy but the days spent with Grandma and Grandpa often appeared in my mind. How I wish to go_fishing again with Grandpa! But Mom called me at school on a stormy October day to tell me Grandpa had died, which made me in deep sorrow. Grandpa also died of a stroke, the same as Grandma. At that moment, I suddenly understood what he'd clumsily tried to explain to me about the_swans on that morning when we fished together by the_pond.
理清句间结构之(四) 因果
因果逻辑关系很受高考英语命题者的青睐，因为因果句阐述了两个事件或者事实之间的内在联系，是作者进行分析或者得出结论的地方。一般来说，考查因果关系的题目有两种形式，给出原因推结果或是给出结果找原因。命题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会将因果颠倒，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系，防止受到迷惑。
表示因果关系的词语有：because, because of, for, since, due to, thanks to, as a result of, as, so, thus, therefore, consequently, in consequence, as a result, result from, result in, cause, lead to, attribute ...to等。有时候文章中虽然没有出现表示因果关系的标志性词语，但是在逻辑上也存在着因果关系，这个时候考生就需要自己进行判断和推理。
[高考典例1] 2013·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读七选五
If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about. __54__. As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking.Your audience can be your friends.
A．You aren't like anybody else
B．You already do lots of things well
C．Turn your back on too many rules
D．Check the rules about dos and don'ts
E．Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough
F．The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep
G．So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse
[分析] 分析空格前后内容可知，空格处与前文为因果关系。空格前面一句“Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about.(你的大脑充满了要谈的内容。)”表示原因，因此空格处应填表示结果的选项，而G项中的So在此处表示结果。故选G项。
[高考典例2] 2013·重庆卷·B篇
One of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience.This idea has inspired the awardwinning photographer Andrew Zuckerman.He interviewed and took photos of fifty oversixtyfiveyearolds all over the world.His project explores various aspects of their lives.The photos and interviews are now available on our website.
Q：Why did Andrew Zuckerman choose the fifty elders for his project?
A．Because their wisdom deserves to be passed on.
B．Because they are physically impressive.
C．Because their accomplishments inspired him.
D．Because they have similar experiences.
[分析] 本题是在因果关系处设题。根据文章第一句话“One of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience.”可知，这些老人的智慧是他们给下一代的礼物，所以值得传递下去。故选A项。
[高考典例3] 2014·安徽卷·完形填空
In 2012, I had just recovered from a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writer's conference in Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a 36(holiday) might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I __37__.
37．A.kept B．went
C．dropped D．knocked
[分析] 通过首句可知，本文为记叙文，作者讲述了自己2012年到佛罗里达州的奥兰多参加作家研讨会的故事。37题前面有so，前后为因果关系，当然是went off(离开)。
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