2019版英语高三一轮复习系列外研学案导学版文档：第二部分重难增分篇第三讲

第三讲　名词性从句 第一课时　知识过关课1.主语从句作主语，主句谓语动词通常用单数；为使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语。2.表语从句还可以用as if，as though引导。3.表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时可用if或whether，但在介词后或直接与or not连用时，只能用whether引导；引导表语从句、同位语从句或位于句首的主语从句时，只能用whether，不用if。4.同位语从句一般放在fact，news，idea，promise，suggestion，advice等抽象名词之后，说明或解释这些抽象名词的具体内容。多用that引导，不能由which引导。5.当宾语从句又带有补语时，要用it作形式宾语。6.在表示“建议”“命令”“要求”，如advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand，request等词后的名词性从句，其谓语通常用“(should＋)动词原形”。7.that引导名词性从句时，不作任何句子成分；但that引导定语从句时，它代表先行词，而且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。I still remember the promise that he made.我依然记得他许下的诺言。(定语从句)The naughty boy made a promise that he would never make a noise.那个淘气的男孩保证说他以后再也不吵闹了。(同位语从句)8.what可引导名词性从句但不能引导定语从句。what引导名词性从句，有时相当于“the＋名词＋that”，表示“(所)……的”。What(＝The thing that) you said was right.你所说的是正确的。读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线和黑体部分，思考：画线部分在全句中作何种成分，即是什么从句，该从句为什么要由这个黑体词来引导。What worries my classmate Mary a lot these days[1] is that she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill[2].She has some doubts whether she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar[3].Also，with the college entrance examination approaching，she becomes more stressful and she couldn’t sleep well these days.Maybe this is also the cause that she becomes fatter these days[4]，she thinks.How she becomes slimmer and healthier[5] has been her main task.So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions.But where she could get better suggestions and who will give her better advice[6] also puzzle her.It is her parents’ suggestion that she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital[7].Professor Wang suggests that she keep a balanced diet first[8].She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vitamin and protein.What’s more，if she wants to lose weight，she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day.Mary asked Professor Wang when she should take exercise[9].Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o’clock in the afternoon because she will have more time to do sports.Thanks to Professor Wang，Mary has become much healthier now.1.主语从句。What (＝the thing that)在主语从句中作主语。2.表语从句。从句本身意思完整，也不缺任何句子成分，所以用that引导。3.同位语从句。补充说明doubt的具体内容，因doubt(疑惑)的意思本身是不确定的，故由whether引导。4.同位语从句。说明the cause的具体内容。5.主语从句。表示“如何”变得苗条些和更健康些。6.主语从句。去“哪里”咨询、向“谁”咨询，故分别由where，who引导。7.同位语从句。说明suggestion的具体内容，从句内容完整也不缺任何句子成分，故由that引导。8.宾语从句。从句内容完整也不缺句子成分，故由that引导。9.宾语从句。when在从句中作时间状语。Ⅰ.单句填空(用适当的连接词填空)1.She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do whatever it takes to save her life.2.After five hours’ drive, they reached what they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.3.Father made a promise that if I passed the exam he would buy me a bike.4.It was true that what she did delighted every one of us.5.That we need more practice is quite clear.6.It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.7.Whether you can succeed in the end will mainly depend on what you do and how you do it.8.What the doctor is uncertain about is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.9.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.10.Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.Ⅱ.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)1.Exactly how the tomato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.how→when2.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That’s when I was born.”when→where3.“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”This is that my mother used to tell me.that→what4.It makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.It→What5.From space，the earth looks blue.This is how about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.how→because6.It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.在he前加that7.As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose whatever suits you best.whatever→whichever8.It doesn’t matter if you pay by cash or credit card in this store.if→whether9.Our teachers always tell us to believe in that what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.去掉that10.When the news came how the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.how→thatⅢ.语篇填空(在下列空格处填入1个适当的连接词，使结构完整、语意通顺。)I like reading very much.My classmates’ question is 1.     I began to love reading.Actually，I love reading as a child.I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university.What I meant was 2.     I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read.3.     I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies.My love of reading was credited with the fact 4.     my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day.I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination.It’s not really surprising 5.     literature became my vocation.Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural women’s legends.Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university.6.     there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot.Thanks to Jane Goodall，her research showed me the answer.She argued 7.     wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment.After finishing her story，I still have some doubts 8.     she could achieve great success on her own in the forest.Lin Qiaozhi，a doctor，became a specialist in women’s illnesses.She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.9.     made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.10.     she didn’t choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now.【语篇导读】　作者介绍了自己喜欢阅读的原因及最近阅读的情况。1.when　[表语从句。根据下一句“I love reading as a child.”可知用when引导。]2.that　[表语从句。that不作句子成分，但不能省略。]3.That　[主语从句。]4.that　[同位语从句。说明the fact的具体内容。]5.that　[主语从句。it作形式主语。]6.Whether　[主语从句。]7.that　[宾语从句。that在这里不作成分，可以省略。]8.how　[同位语从句。指“怎样成功的”，故用how。]9.What　[主语从句。what在从句中作主语。]10.Why　[主语从句。why在这里表原因。]第二课时　高考研究课名词性从句在语法填空中的考查点规律方法根据连接词在名词性从句中所作的句子成分来确定选用什么连接词：1.若在从句中作主语或宾语用连接代词，若作状语用连接副词；2.如果不作成分则要考虑从句意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；如果不作成分且从句意思完整则用that。真题验证11.As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly      thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)答案　how　[宾语从句的连接词，how thick意为：多么厚。]2.I didn’t understand      this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.(广东卷)答案　why　[宾语从句的连接词，意为：为什么。]3.It is often the case      anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016·江苏卷改编)答案　that　[同位语从句的连接词，不作句子成分。]4.     we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015·北京卷改编)答案　How　[主语从句的连接词，在从句中作状语，意为：怎么样。]5.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is      one can be entirely free from dust.(2016·北京卷改编)答案　that　[表语从句的连接词，不作句子成分，只起连接作用。]6.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not      ships are built for.(2015·安徽卷改编)答案　what　[表语从句的连接词，可以转换成“the reason that/which...”。]7.The manager put forward a suggestion      we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016·天津卷改编)答案　that　[同位语从句的连接词，只起连接作用，不作句子成分。]8.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?—Yeah, but I have no idea      he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.(重庆卷改编)答案　why　[同位语从句的连接词，在句子中作原因状语，意为：为什么。]名词性从句在短文改错中的考查点规律方法 1.根据句子成分判断连词是否正确；2.根据句子结构判断连词的缺失及多余。真题验证21.After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)    答案　where→that或去掉where　[found后的宾语从句中不缺少任何语法成分。]2.Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell that close you may be to victory.(湖南卷改编)    答案　that→how　[句子中缺少方式状语，how close意为：多么近。]3.If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.(四川卷)    答案　去掉when　[连词多余；notice后面的句子不缺少语法成分，故只需要that引导。]4.“He has ruined his health.We are worried about him.” That is which other teachers say.(辽宁卷)    答案　which→what　[连词错用，which意为：哪一个；what意为：所……。]第三课时　写作增分课名词性从句在写作中的增分点一、掌握好引导词that的省略与不省略1.他的成功是因为他为比赛做了充分的准备。(his success, lie in the fact, be well prepared)His success lies in the fact that he was well prepared for the exam.2.他近来没有尽最大努力，我们都很清楚。(do one’s best, recently, be obvious to)That he hasn’t been doing his best recently is obvious to us all.3.在我看来，这个公寓很完美，除去窗户稍微有点小外。(personally, perfect, except that)Personally, the apartment is perfect except that its windows are a bit too small.4.从你们发布在网站的广告我知道，你们学校发展很快，你们想要聘用能说一口流利英语的人。(advertisement/ad, post, website, develop, rapidly, employ, fluently)From the ad you post on the website, I know that your school is developing rapidly and that you want to employ someone who can speak English fluently.5.一直困扰我的是，我不知道该如何处理这个问题。(trouble, deal with)What has been troubling me is that I don’t know how to deal with the problem.6.使我们这个学校特别的是，它的大多数毕业生都被名校录取。(make...special, graduate, be admitted to, famous colleges)What makes our school special is that most of its graduates are admitted to famous colleges.二、what从句在写作中非常有用，叫不出名字的事物都可用这个引导词来表达1.我们有许多共同的地方。他喜欢什么，我就喜欢什么；他讨厌什么，我也讨厌什么。(have a lot in common, love, hate)We have a lot in common.I love what he loves and hate what he hates.2.近几年，我们的学校发生了很大的变化，已经不再是过去的样子了。(great changes, take place, what it used to be)In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our school and it is no longer what it used to be.3.如果我们想成功，我们应当相信我们做的事情，相信我们自己。(succeed, believe in what we do, who we are)We should believe in what we do and who we are if we are to succeed.三、用好whatever, however等引导的名词性从句1.我们必须尽一切努力来保护我们的环境。(do whatever it takes)We must do whatever it takes to protect our environment.2.无论谁想成功，都必须尽最大的努力。(whoever, succeed, do one’s best)Whoever wants to succeed must do his best.3.如果能找到任何适合你的学习方法，你的学习效率就可能明显提高。(whatever, learning method, learning efficiency, improve remarkably)If you can find whatever learning method (that) suits you, your learning efficiency is likely to improve remarkably.四、使用含有名词性从句的感叹句使语言听起来更地道1.你很难想象我在学英语中遇到多么大的困难。(you can’t imagine, have difficulty in doing sth)You can’t imagine what difficulty I have in learning English.2.我的家乡与过去相比有多么大的不同啊！(how different, my hometown, what it used to be)How different my hometown is from what it used to be!3.那时我才意识到我犯了一个多么大的错误。(It was then that, realize, what a terrible mistake)It was then that I realized what a terrible mistake I had made.4.我认为他们没有认识到这个问题有多严重。(how serious)I don’t think they have realized how serious the problem is.5.直到那时我才认识到，他是一个多么好的朋友。(it was not until then)It was not until then that I realized what a good friend he was.