2020高考英语新创新大一轮复习人教全国版讲义：选修7Unit2Robots

Unit 2 Robots




一、课前基础自查

(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．fiction n．　小说；虚构或想象出来的事
2．overweight adj. 超重的；体重超常的
3．elegant adj. 优雅的；高雅的；讲究的
4．scan vt. 细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描
5．absurd adj. 荒谬的；可笑的
6．awful adj. 极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；(口语)糟透的
7．affair n. 事务；事情；暧昧关系
8．cuisine n. 菜肴；烹饪(风味)
9．grand adj. 大的；豪华的；雄伟的
10．biography n. (由他人撰写的)传记；传记文学
11．imagination n. 想象(力)；创造力；幻想物
12．navy n. 海军；海军部队
13．chapter n. (书中的)章；篇；回
14．thinking n. 思想；思考
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．desire n．　渴望；欲望；渴求
vt. 希望得到；想要
2．bonus n. 奖金；额外津贴；红利
3．sympathy n. 同情(心)
4．pile n. 堆；摞；叠
vi. 堆起；堆积
vt. 把……堆起；积聚
5．envy vt. 忌妒；羡慕
6．affection n. 喜爱；爱；感情
7．bound adj. 一定的；密切相关的
8．part­time adj. 兼职的
9．junior adj. 较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的
n. 年少者；晚辈；等级较低者
10．staff n. 全体员工；手杖
11．divorce n. 离婚；断绝关系
vt. 与……离婚；与……脱离
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．satisfaction n．满意；满足；令人满意的事物→satisfy vt.使满足；使满意→satisfying adj.令人满意的→satisfied adj.满意的
2．alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动n.警报；惊恐→alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的→alarming adj.使人害怕的；令人担忧的
3．favour n．喜爱；恩惠；帮忙vt.喜爱；偏袒→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜爱的
4．accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏→company n．陪伴；伴随→companion n．伙伴；伴侣；同伴
5．declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称→declaration n．宣言；公告
6．talent n．天才；天赋；特殊能力；才干→talented adj.有才能的
7．obey vt.& vi.服从；顺从→disobey vt.& vi.不服从；违抗
8．assessment n．评价；评定→assess vt.评价；评定；估价；估定
[语境活用]
1．To the satisfaction of the boss, his products could satisfy the needs of the customers.(satisfy)
2．I was sleeping soundly in the morning when a telephone alarmed me awake. I was even alarmed to hear the alarming news that another earthquake happened.(alarm)
3．The old blind man asked me to do him a favour and find his favourite book.(favour)
4．It's declared that both sides agree to stop fire. They must obey the declaration for ever. (declare)
5．Everybody said Jane was a talented girl because she did well in all her subjects and had a talent for singing, dancing and drawing.(talent)

(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.test_out　　　　　考验出；检验完
2．ring_up 给……打电话
3．turn_around 转身；翻转
4．leave_...alone 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起
5．set_aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
6．in_all 一共；总计
7．be_bound_to 一定做……
8．reach_for 伸手去够
9．in_favour_of 支持；赞成
10．or_rather 更确切地说
1.We rang_up Henry but got no reply.He must have gone out.
2．It's unnatural for a mother to leave her child alone to enjoy herself.
3．There are 32 doctors and 26 nurses in_all present at the meeting held last night.
4．I suggest setting_aside some money every month for education and insurance.
5．In our city, almost everyone is in_favour_of bringing down the housing price because it is too high for them to buy one.
6．The new product which will be tested_out next month is a combination of traditional methods and artificial intelligence.
7．This new product, or_rather,_this new style of shirt, is not very attractive.

(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.
机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。
it作形式主语的主语从句。
(2018·江苏高考书面表达)毫无疑问，在消费上，完全依赖排名也是不明智的。
There is no doubt that it_is_unwise_to_depend_completely_on the ratings in consumption.
2.As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
地点副词位于句首时的完全倒装句式。
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这是关于这部影片的一些相关细节。
Here are_some_relevant_details about this movie.
3.What a sweet victory to be envied by those women!
受到那些女士的妒忌，这该是多么甜美的胜利啊！
what感叹句式。
(2018·北京高考书面表达)多么难忘又有意义的一天呀！
What_an_unforgettable_and_meaningful_day it was！

二、课堂重点深化

1．desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求 vt.希望得到；想要
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①These activities seemed to satisfy my desire to_be (be) useful and to feel a meaningful connection to the lives of others.
②(2017·天津高考)We all share a common desire for_pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
　[系统归纳]
(1)have a strong desire to do sth./for sth.　　 急于做某事/渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth.　　　　 渴望做某事
desire that ... (should) do sth.　 渴望……做某事
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
③The teacher desired that all the exercises would be handed in before school was over.去掉would或者would改为should
佳句时时写
④(2018·北京高考书面表达)既然你渴望学习中国文化，我认为北京语言大学是你的理想去处。
Since_you_have_a_strong_desire_for_Chinese_culture,_I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.
2．alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n．警报；惊恐
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①On hearing the scream, he jumped up in alarm.
②She took a sip from her drink, trying not to appear alarmed (alarm)．
③The firemen were alarmed at/by the big fire they had never seen before.
　[系统归纳]
(1)in alarm　　　　　　　　　 惊恐地
(2)alarmed adj. 担心的；害怕的
be alarmed at/by 对……惊恐/担心
be/get alarmed about 对……大惊小怪
　[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④I was on my way to the bookstore when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, and it frightened me a lot.(用alarmed和which引导的非限制性定语从句升级句子)
→I was on my way to the bookstore when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which_made_me_alarmed_a_lot/which_alarmed_me_a_lot.
僻义牢牢记
⑤The captain knew there was an engine fault but didn't want to alarm the passengers.使惊恐
3．favour n．喜爱；恩惠；帮忙；偏爱；支持 vt.喜爱；偏袒
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Then we voted for the monitor. The result was 28 to 15 in_Wang Hong's favour.
②Do me a_favour and turn the radio down while I am on the phone, will you?
③The response to the invention hasn't been all favourable (favour)．
　[系统归纳]
(1)ask sb.a favour　　　　 请某人帮忙
帮某人忙
(2)in favour of 同意；支持；赞成
in one's favour 有利于某人；对……有利
(3)favourable adj. 赞成的；有利的
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
④People who are in the favour of modern city life may think it is rather dull to live in the countryside.去掉favour前的the
佳句时时写
⑤(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to help me.(用含有favour的短语改写)
→I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I wonder if_you_could_do_me_a_favour.
4．accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I don't think it's necessary for parents to accompany their children to college.
②While she was singing on the stage, her mother was accompanying her at/on the piano.
③With nobody accompanying (accompany) her during the festival, the old lady felt lonely.
　[系统归纳]
(1)accompany sb. to someplace　 陪伴/陪同某人到某地
(2)accompany sb. at/on sth. 用某物为某人伴奏
accompanied by/with ... 伴随……发生
(3)company n. [U] 陪伴；伴随
keep sb. company 陪某人
in the company of sb. 在某人的陪伴/陪同下
(4)companion n. [C] 伙伴；伴侣；同伴
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(company/companion)
We became ④companions in misfortune. Whenever we get into trouble, he always keeps me ⑤company.
佳句时时写
⑥(2018·浙江高考写作)在暑假，我在一家旅行社做过兼职，陪同一些国外游客，这帮助我积累了相关经验。
During summer vacation, I worked part­time in a travel agency and accompanied_some_foreign_tourists,_which_helped_me_accumulate_relevant_experience.
5．declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The chairman declared (declare) the meeting open at 8：00 this morning.
②The day after the Pear Harbour Incident, US President Franklin Roosevelt declared war on/against Japan.
　[系统归纳]
declare for/against　　　　　　 声明赞成/反对
declare war on/against 向……宣战
declare ... to be/as ... 宣布……为/是……
declare that ... 宣告；宣称
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
③They declared for building a new bridge because it would cost a lot of money.for→against
佳句时时写
④在2011年，理查德声称他计划在他40岁生日之前找到40个同年同月同日生(time twins)的人。
In 2011, Richard declared_that_he_planed_to_find_40_time_twins_before_his_40th_birthday.

1．leave ... alone不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起
　[系统归纳]
leave aside　　　　　　 搁置一边
leave behind 遗留；把……抛在后面
leave for ... 动身前往……
leave out 省略；遗漏；冷落
leave off 终止；中断
　[重点强化]
用法条条清(leave ... alone/leave aside/leave behind)
①She's asked to be left_alone_but the press photographers follow her everywhere.
②The United Nations estimates that more than 900 million people move away for work, often leaving their children behind.
③I wonder why they left_aside such an important question last time.
佳句时时写
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)不要担心，我们中国人都很友好，你不会感到被冷落的。
Don't worry! We_Chinese_are_friendly_and_you_won't_feel_left_out.
2．set aside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)；暂时不考虑
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He will set down all his important thoughts in his diary when they are fresh in his mind.
②The school has set up a special class to help those poor learners.
　[系统归纳]
set off　　　　　　　　　 动身；出发；引爆；引发
set up 建立；引起
set down 写下；放下
set out (to do sth.) 出发；开始(做某事)
set about (doing sth.) 着手(做某事)
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(set out/set about)
③Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set_about preparing your business plan.
④Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set_out to prepare your business plan.
佳句时时写
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我真诚地希望你能抽出一些时间来看这场艺术盛宴。
I sincerely hope you can set_aside_some_time_for the art feast.
3．地点副词位于句首时引起的完全倒装
　[教材原句]　As she turned around, there_stood Gladys Claffern.
　[自主体验]
①The moment the bell rang, out rushed (rush) the children.
②The Public Square is an eye­catching sight of the city.There stands (stand) a stone sculpture of a famous historical figure.
③Present at the conference were_ (be) experts from all over the world.
④Buried in the earth was (be) a jar with lots of ancient coins in it.
　[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away, out等置于句首，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词时，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
(2)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为：分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语。
注意事项
(1)当主语是人称代词时，不用完全倒装语序。如：
In he came and the lesson began.
(2)there be句型中的be可以用表示“存在”的动词，如live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等替代。句型结构为：there＋存在类动词＋主语。如：
There seems to be something wrong with it.

　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)In addition, there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot.
②(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Here comes the table manners you're concerned about.

本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“信息技术创新”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——信息技术创新
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①robot　　　 ②household　　 ③help　 　　 　④model
⑤convenient ⑥download ⑦development ⑧solve
⑨control ⑩replace ⑪technology ⑫value
⑬concern ⑭breakthrough
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①artificial adj.　 人工的　 　 ②intelligence n．　 智能
③programme n. 程序 ④function n. 功能
⑤develop v. 研发；开发 ⑥application n. 应用程序
⑦automatic adj. 自动的 ⑧advanced adj. 先进的
⑨accompany v. 陪伴 ⑩analyze v. 分析
⑪create v. 创造 ⑫system n. 系统
⑬research n．&v. 研究 ⑭promising adj. 有希望的

(三)常用词块忆一忆
①keep up with　　　　　　　　　 跟上……的步伐
②come into being 产生；形成
③result in 导致
④be up to 取决于；符合
⑤lower the cost 降低成本
⑥under control (被)控制住
⑦out of control 失去控制
⑧on the increase 在增加
⑨in demand 有需求
⑩bring out 推出
⑪be equipped with 装备有……
⑫attend to 照顾
⑬deal with 处理
⑭have access to/be accessible to 可以得到……
⑮have a negative effect on 对……有消极影响
⑯deal with emergencies 处理突发事件
⑰rely on 依赖；依靠
(四)写作佳句背一背
①It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life.
②It will take several years before robots become popular in our daily life.
③I am convinced that in the future there will be a breakthrough in robots.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
[题目要求]
到了2030年，照顾老年人成了一个突出的社会问题。你公司顺应社会需求，适时推出了家用机器人。请你写一篇发言稿，在新闻发布会上向大家推荐公司的这一新产品。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3．发言稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to our company's news conference.


Thank you.

[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
(用方框内的词汇翻译句子)
bring out, robot, household, accompany, be equipped with, programme, attend to, deal with, help, emergency　
1．人们没有足够的时间照顾老人。
People_don't_have_enough_time_to_attend_to_the_elderly.
2．我们公司推出了这款家用机器人。
Our_company_brings_out_the_household_robot.
3．它安装了特别的程序，能在规定时间里做饭。
It has been equipped with a special programme and can cook meals at a fixed time.
4．它也能陪老人聊天、下棋和做运动。
It_can_also_accompany_old_people_by_having_a_chat,_playing_chess_and_doing_exercise._
5．它能处理突发事件。
It_can_deal_with_emergencies._
6．我相信如果你拥有一款这样的机器人会对你有很大的帮助。
I_believe_it_would_be_a_great_help_to_you_if_you_own_such_a_robot.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
7．句1前加上and连接的并列句“随着经济的发展，人们变得比以前更忙”，再用which引导的非限制性定语从句引出“这使得许多老人被孤单地留在家里”。
With_the_development_of_economy,_people_become_busier_than_before_and_don't_have_enough_time_to_attend_to_the_elderly,_which_leads_to_many_old_people_being_left_alone_at_home.
8．句2后补充完全倒装句“下面是关于这款机器人的一些相关细节”。
Our_company_brings_out_the_household_robot.Below_are_some_relevant_details_about_this_robot.
9．可用not only ... but also ...连接句3和句4。
It_has_been_equipped_with_a_special_programme.It_can_not_only_cook_meals_at_a_fixed_time_but_also_accompany_old_people_by_having_a_chat,_playing_chess_and_doing_exercise._
10．句5后加上一个句子“如果老人突然生病，机器人会叫医生帮忙”。
It_can_deal_with_emergencies._If_an_old_man_falls_ill_suddenly,_the_robot_will_call_doctors_for_help.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
把句9改为not only ...放句首的倒装句。
It_has_been_equipped_with_a_special_programme.Not_only_can_it_cook_meals_at_a_fixed_time_but_also_accompany_old_people_by_having_a_chat,_playing_chess_and_doing_exercise._
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
根据语句间的逻辑关系，可添加过渡性词汇so， to start with， moreover， for example连句成文。
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to our company's news conference. With_the_development_of_economy,_people_become_busier_than_before_and_don't_have_enough_time_to_attend_to_the_elderly,_which_leads_to_many_old_people_being_left_alone_at_home._So_our_company_brings_out_the_household_robot.Below_are_some_relevant_details_about_this_robot._
To_start_with,_it_has_been_equipped_with_a_special_programme.Not_only_can_it_cook_meals_at_a_fixed_time_but_also_accompany_old_people_by_having_a_chat,_playing_chess_and_doing_exercise._Moreover,_it_can_deal_with_emergencies._For_example,_if_an_old_man_falls_ill_suddenly,_the_robot_will_call_doctors_for_help._I_believe_it_would_be_a_great_help_to_you_if_you_own_such_a_robot._
Thank you.

一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside_time for them to read.
2．(2017·北京高考)It was a woman, pushing an old shopping trolley (购物车) which was_piled (pile) with bags.
3．(2017·浙江高考)Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for_art when he was only six years of age.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined (imagine) a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear.
5．(2016·浙江高考)Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort — the desire to_explore (explore), explain, and understand our world — is simply something that comes from our babyhood.
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)I turned around and saw a pleasant woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.
7．(2013·辽宁高考)Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to buy a bicycle. Great weather accompanied (accompany) my great buy. I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.
8．(2011·福建高考)She finds herself torn between her sympathy for the animals being experimented on and her friendship with Banting and Best.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用desire, declare, satisfaction填空)
1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)In the store, I asked each of my kids to pick something they thought our “friend” there would appreciate. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17­year­old suggested giving him a gift card. I thought about it. We were low on cash ourselves, but ... well, sometimes giving from our need instead of our abundance is just what we need to do! All the kids __51__ something they could do away with for the week.declared
2．(2014·福建高考完形填空) From my second grade on, there was one event I feared every year: the piano recital (独奏会). A recital meant I had to practice a boring piece of music and perform before strangers. Each year I would ask my father if I could skip the recital “just this once”. And each year he'd shake his head, muttering (嘀咕) something about building self­confidence and working towards a goal.
So it was with really great__40__that I stood in church one recent Sunday, video camera in hand, and watched my 68­year­old father sweating in his shirt before rising to play the piano in his very first recital.satisfaction
3．(2009·辽宁高考完形填空)When he arrived at his father's house, he was told that his father had been in hospital for a week.The moment he was about to leave for the hospital, he saw on the desk the still new book, just as he had left it one year ago.He opened it and began to turn the pages.Suddenly, a car key dropped from an envelope taped behind the book.It had a tag (标签) with the dealer's name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had__53__.desired
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：随着高科技产品的日新月异，有关前沿科技的话题成为了热门。在平时的学习中，考生应该关注科技方面的最新信息，体会“科技的最终目的是为人民服务”这一导向，从而把握命题的角度。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]Robots performing tasks according to a predetermined set of instructions are nothing new.But robots able to learn how to cook by watching videos are a completely different approach, which is conducted by a group of researchers at the University of Maryland.
[2]If you have posted a video of your favourite recipe on the popular website YouTube, chances are that it will be used by a robot. University of Maryland professor Hyannis Alimonies, leader of the group, said “there exists a large amount of video information on the Internet that our robots can capitalize_on.”
[3]“At present, the videos are fed electronically，” said research scientist Cornelia Ferule，“Originally, we took our own videos, our cameras looking at us doing the cooking，” she explained.“And, as the robot advanced, it reacted to good quality videos. And it will react to even lower quality home­made videos.”
[4]So far, the robot named Julia can make a simple salad by breaking each task into basic parts, such as grasping a spoon, bringing it to the bowl, stirring the salad and observing the results.
[5]But why teach a robot how to understand a video when it can easily follow a fixed program? Alimonies believes predetermined instructions lack flexibility. He thinks one of the problems is how to make the robot understand and use what it learns during a certain task, the so­called feedback (反馈); another: the introduction of language.
[6]“I believe it will take quite some time before the robots are able to understand metaphorical (比喻的) language，”he added. “But”，he said，“we don't need that to create a new world where the robots will be working for us.”
语篇解读：本文主要讲述研究人员在尝试让机器人通过看视频学习烹饪。
1．The underlined phrase “capitalize on” probably can be replaced by “________”．
A．take hold of　　　　　　　 B．make use of
C．keep track of D．catch sight of
解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“chances are that it will be used by a robot”提示可知，机器人可以利用这些视频来学做饭，由此可知，capitalize on意为“充分利用”。与B项相近。
2．Alimonies probably agrees that at present the robot ________.
A．can not fully digest what it learns
B．can not make a simple salad
C．can follow home­made videos
D．can understand metaphorical language
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“He thinks one of the problems is how to make the robot understand and use what it learns during a certain task”可知，他认为现在机器人并不能完全理解消化它所学的内容。故选A项。
3．Why are robots taught to understand a video?
A．Because they can easily follow fixed programs.
B．Because they are smart enough to learn cooking.
C．Because cooking videos are more interesting to watch.
D．Because predetermined instructions are not flexible.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Alimonies believes predetermined instructions lack flexibility.”可知，教给机器人理解视频是因为预设的指令缺乏灵活性。故选D。
4．Which of the following might best serve as the title of the passage?
A．Robots Creating a New World
B．Robots Making Cooking Videos
C．Robots Learning to Cook by Watching Videos
D．Robots Performing Tasks by Following Instructions
解析：选C　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家发明的可以通过看视频来进行做饭的机器人。故选C。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
主旨大意技法(4)——利用主线，提炼文章标题
有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，但是没有用一句明确的话表达出来。这就要求考生做题时根据文章的每一部分的意义全面考虑，综合分析，找出共同点，再归纳成一般概念。如文章的主线是机器人会做饭，根据这一关键信息很容易选出第4题答案。