2021版高考英语（译林版）一轮复习学案选修8课时提能练39
展开课时提能练(三十九)
选修8 Unit 1 The written word
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
Mr Black had a good reputation for creating many 1.characters(character) who would rather try and fail than 2.give(give) up their life goals in his novels.They found it possible to live up to their expectations after great efforts.
In addition most of his works touched on people's life，and he appealed to the people to 3.strengthen(strength) unity，resist violence，be generous and civil，not to be desperate 4.for the future and persuade people 5.to_reform(reform) bravely.His works gave people a brand new feeling，which made many readers，especially those who were kept on the run believe efforts were never paid 6.in vain.So they are bent on taking loads off their minds 7.struggling(struggle) for their future life.
B
As we all know，classics are the antiques of the 1.literary(literature) world.They are examples of great writing and wisdom，and even those written centuries ago can still 2.be_found(find) in bookshops and libraries today.Even some films are based 3.on them.Charles Dickens is one of England's greatest writers.Great Expectations is one of his famous 4.works(work)．The story begins when Pip is seven.
There is a twist in the plot 5.when a very generous stranger gives Pip a large fortune.Pip moves to London.Money and 6.education(educate) have changed him.He becomes vain and ashamed 7.of his background and even dislikes 8.it when Joe comes to visit him because he isn't a gentleman.He wins Estella's love.In the end，Pip has changed a lot.He learns 9.happiness (happy) and friends are 10.more_important (important) than wealth.
Ⅱ.语境短文改错
根据课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
Robert Burns，Scotland's supreme literary hero，was born in 1759.He had a reputation of being funny and pleasant to be around.Therefore，he came from a poor family with much debts，and did not ever make a lot of money.After his first book of poetry published，Burns became famous nationwide.Then he moved to Edinburgh，but was not any richer but had to earn his income by farming.A hard life and weak health made Robert Burns's life short.He died at an age of 37 in 1796. Afterwards many people had donated money to support her widow and children.In 1877，a monument in honour of Burns was showing to the public in George Square.The day was declared a holiday and about 30,000 people came out to watch.The house that Burns was born is now a museum of his life and work.
[答案]
Robert Burns，Scotland's supreme literary hero，was born in 1759.He had a reputation being funny and pleasant to be around.，he came from a poor family with debts，and did not ever make a lot of money.After his first book of poetry published，Burns became famous nationwide.Then he moved to Edinburgh，but was not any richer had to earn his income by farming.A hard life and weak health made Robert Burns's life short.He died at age of 37 in 1796.Afterwards many people had donated money to support widow and children.In 1877，a monument in honour of Burns was to the public in George Square.The day was declared a holiday and about 30,000 people came out to watch.The house Burns was born is now a museum of his life and work.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．车辆噪音很大，他无法让人听到他的声音。(make)
He couldn't make_himself_heard above the noise of the traffic.
2．现在越来越多的人对剪纸感兴趣。(get＋过去分词)
Nowadays，more and more people are_getting_interested_in_paper cutting.
3．由于您的鼓励，我在数学上取得了不断的进步，最终下决心在大学里学习它。(be bent on doing)
Thanks to your encouragement，I made continuous progress in math，and finally I am_bent_on_learning_it it in the university.
4．我喜欢吃甜食，抵挡不住巧克力和冰淇淋的诱惑。(resist)
I have a sweet tooth and can't_resist__eating chocolate and ice cream.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·成都市第二次诊断性检测)A team of engineers at Harvard University created the first robotic fly.Designed to do what a fly does naturally，the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly.Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own，” said Robert Wood，a Harvard engineering professor.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly.“The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has lots of interdependence(互相依赖) of the individual components，each of which individually has to perform well，but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to，”said Wood.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small，offboard power source，the goal is eventually to equip it with a builtin power source，so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites，in farmers' fields or on the battlefield.“Basically it should be able to take off，land and fly around，” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insectscale.Yet，the power，sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications.“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions，you know，to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals，but using these robots instead，”he said.“So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a daytoday basis.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，可望在未来执行搜救、农田勘探等领域的数据收集任务。
1．What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?
A．It's automatic.
B．It's very small.
C．It's controllable.
D．It's quite powerful.
B [细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“Designed to do what a fly does naturally，the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly.Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks”可知，这种飞行器设计初衷是为了能做苍蝇做的事，它的尺寸和肥胖的家蝇一样大，微小的翅膀可以让它停在空中执行受控的飞行任务；据此可知，该飞行器的典型特点是尺寸小，故B项正确。]
2．We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can ________.
A．act as a spy plane
B．help do farm work
C．fly at a very high speed
D．answer many scientific questions
A [推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites，in farmers' fields or on the battlefield”可知，某一天这种飞行器可能用于搜救点、农田、战场信息的收集；据此可推知，该飞行器可以用作间谍飞机，故A项正确。]
3．What is Wood's idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?
A．It is highly questionable.
B．It has wide practical applications.
C．It gives scientists interest in flying machines.
D．It points to a new direction in studying biology.
B [细节理解题。根据尾段第二句“Yet，the power ...could have much broader applications”并结合Wood所说的话可知，Wood认为这种飞行器使用范围很广泛，故B项正确。]
4．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Harvard's Study in the Field of Insects
B．A Breakthrough in Engineering Science
C．An Interesting Invention —Robotic Fly
D．Robotic Fly—a Copy of the Real Life Insect
D [标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段第一、二句；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了哈佛大学的工程师团队研制的一款机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，可望在未来执行搜救、农田勘探等领域的数据收集任务。故D项最适合作为本文标题。]
B
(2019·潍坊市统一考试)Plants cannot run or hide，so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten.Some curl up their leaves，others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them，chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack.New research now shows some flora can feel a planteating animal well before it launches an attack，letting a plant prepare a preemptive(先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species.
When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin－Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil，nearby tomato plants appeared to notice.They increased their levels of an enzyme(酶)，which is known to prevent planteating animals.“None of the plants were ever actually attacked，” Orrock says.“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming，and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study，his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat.The investigators found that hungry caterpillars(毛虫)，which usually eat tomato leaves greedily，had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance.This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival，says Orrock，who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.
The finding that a snail's approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious，a plant communications expert，who was not involved in the study.“It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such farranging effects，” Karban says.The research was comprehensive，he adds，but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.
“That's the milliondollar question，” Orrock says.He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了一项新的科学研究。该研究发现植物会对外在威胁相当警觉，会自动做出反应进行自我保护。
5．John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________.
A．make them grow better
B．give them a warning
C．keep planteating animals away
D．inform planteating animals of danger
B [推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming，and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”可推知，John Orrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat”呼应，故选B。]
6．Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．To introduce another animal.
B．To confirm the result of the study.
C．To appeal to people to protect animals.
D．To analyze different resistance chemicals.
B [推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails；in the latest study，his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat”可推知，文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果，故选B。]
7．What does Richard Karban really want to know?
A．How tomato plants become aware of danger.
B．What the chemicals in the snail slime are.
C．Whether the research is of practical value.
D．What the finding of the research is.
A [推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“The research was comprehensive，he adds，but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them”，并结合对最后一段的整体理解可推知，Richard Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的，故选A。]
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Watchful Plants
B．Greedy Animals
C．A Snail's Approach
D．A Defense Attack
A [标题判断题。根据文章中的关键词plant，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应，故选A。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·湖北省八市联考)In the superfast paced world we live in，happiness may not come as easily as we wish.Here are some tips to make us live happily.
Don't avoid or ignore negativity.
__1__ This can include people in your life who may be bringing you down，a hostile workplace environment or even a personal stressor that you haven't conquered quite yet.You are in control of your environment and if these negative situations keep making an appearance，it's up to you to handle them.
Take care of yourself and your needs.
In order to live a powerful and meaningful life，you must love yourself.Take care of your actions and how you live each day，and this will be reflected in your thoughts and emotional state of mind.__2__
Mend what's broken or get rid of it.
Determining what is worth your time and effort and what can be challenging.If situations are beyond repair，it's time to let go.Are there relationships or friendships that remain damaged but you know are worth the time？__3__Do what you can to find love in situations where it may have be absent in the past.
__4__
Giving our time，energy，love and sometimes money is what life is about.__5__ My mom taught me a quote she learned in Mexico that stuck with me forever，“donde come uno，comen dos.(where one can eat，two can eat.)” It moves me every time I say it out loud.At the end of the day，no matter what you have you are likely in a position to give something small to someone else who needs it.Don't hesitate.
A．Give back.
B．Be positive.
C．Fix them and find peace.
D．Do more of what makes you happy.
E．Love yourself fully in order to love others fully.
F．Everything we put out into the world comes back to us.
G．In order to conquer and overcome，it must be acknowledged.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要提出了几个怎样快乐生活的建议。
1．G [根据小标题Don't avoid or ignore negativity.并结合该段内容可推知，必须先承认消极性才能战胜克服它。故选G项。]
2．E [根据该段中的“you must love yourself”以及“Take care of your actions and how you live each day”可推知，E项“为了充分地爱别人，要完全地爱自己”符合语境，故选E项。]
3．C [根据小标题Mend what's broken or get rid of it.以及空前一句可知，修复那些值得你花时间的关系或友谊，故选C项。]
4．A [根据文章结构以及空处所在位置可知，空处为段落小标题，该段主要是讲去付出。故选A项。]
5．F [根据空前一句可知，生活就是付出我们的时间、精力、爱，有时是金钱，由此可推知，空处应是讲有付出就会有回报。故选F项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·绵阳市第一次诊断)Adam Braun established the organization Pencils of Promise in 2008.Its goal is 1.________(make) sure all children have a chance for education.
It all started when he was a college student.Adam Braun was visiting India when 2.________ girl stopped him on the street and asked for money.He asked her what she desired 3.________(much) of all in the world.Astonishingly，her answer was “a pencil”．The girl had never been to school before，and that was the 4.______(real) for 57 million children around the world.
After graduation，Adam Braun never forgot the girl and the problem of 5.________(her)．“We live in a world in which every single child can have access 6.________quality education.So I was determined to create schools in other places 7.________children are hungry for education.” Adam Braun began to raise money for his project through social media.
“We are working hard to make sure that the program is not just beautiful photos and videos of children，but that we're 8.________(actual) seeing amazing results in the classroom.That's why our 9.________(kid)in Pencils of Promise schools progress fast from one grade to the next，” Braun said.
Since then，it 10.________(help) more than 22,000 children in Africa，Asia and Latin America.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍Adam Braun建立了一个旨在帮助所有孩子接受教育的组织。
1．to make [考查非谓语动词。句意：它的目标是确保所有的孩子都有机会接受教育。此处用不定式作表语。]
2．a [考查冠词。句意：Adam Braun在印度游览时，一个女孩在街上拦住了他，向他要钱。girl为可数名词单数，且此处是第一次提到，故应用不定冠词a。]
3．most [考查副词的最高级。句意：他问她在世界上她最想要什么。根据句意及空后的“of all”可知，此处表示“最想要”，故应用副词的最高级形式。]
4．reality [考查名词。句意：这个女孩从来没有上过学，这是全世界5 700万孩子的现状。此处定冠词“the”后应跟名词。reality意为“事实，现实”。]
5．hers [考查代词。句意：毕业后，Adam Braun从来没有忘记这个女孩和她的问题。介词of后应跟名词性物主代词，表示“她的”，故此处应用hers。]
6．to [考查介词。此处考查固定搭配have access to sth.“有机会使用……”，故应用介词to。]
7．where [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词other places，且在从句中作地点状语，故应用where。]
8．actually [考查副词。句意：我们努力确保这个项目不只是孩子们漂亮的图片和视频，而是我们真正地看到课堂上令人惊叹的成果。修饰动词应用副词actually。]
9．kids [考查名词的单复数。句意：Braun说，这就是在Pencils of Promise学校的孩子们从一个年级到下个年级进步迅速的原因。根据句意及谓语动词progress可知，此处应用kid的复数形式。]
10．has helped [考查动词的时态。句意：从那时起，它已经帮助了非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲的22 000多名孩子。根据时间状语“Since then”可知，此处应用现在完成时。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2019·长沙市统一模拟)Welcome to the Great Wall.Measured more than 6,000 kilometers in length，the Great Wall is known as the long wall in the world.It has a long history of more than 2,000 years.That is amazing about the Great Wall is that it is main made of stones and bricks，and all the construction was done by hand.Though it was used to protect the country from foreign invaders，every few hundred meters along with the Great Wall，there was a watchtower.Now，as symbol of China，the Great Wall will become one of the most famous tourist attractions in the world.It is no wonderful that the Great Wall attract hundreds of thousands of foreign tourists every year.
[答案]
Welcome to the Great Wall. more than 6,000 kilometers in length，the Great Wall is known as the wall in the world.It has a long history of more than 2,000 years. is amazing about the Great Wall is that it is made of stones and bricks，and all the construction was done by hand. it was used to protect the country from foreign invaders，every few hundred meters along with the Great Wall，there was a watchtower.Now，as symbol of China，the Great Wall become one of the most famous tourist attractions in the world.It is no that the Great Wall hundreds of thousands of foreign tourists every year.
