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2021高三统考人教英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一部分Book1Unit1Friendship
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第一部分
教材重点全程攻略 Book 1
Unit 1 Friendship
基础自主检测
阅读识记
Ⅰ.英译汉
1.survey n. 调查
2.loose adj. 松的；松开的
3.thunder vi. 打雷；雷鸣
n.雷；雷声
4.curtain n. 窗帘；门帘；幕布
5.overcoat n. 大衣
6.swap vt. 交换
7.item n. 项目；条款
Ⅱ.汉译英
1.series n. 连续；系列
2.outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外
3.dusk n. 黄昏；傍晚
4.partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人
5.highway n. 公路，大路
6.suitcase n. 手提箱；衣箱
7.teenager n. 十几岁的青少年
8.tip n. 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费
vt. 倾斜；翻倒
高频应用
1.upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt. 使不安；使心烦
2.calm vt.& vi. (使)平静；(使)镇定
3.dusty adj. 积满灰尘的
4.pack vi.& vt. 捆扎；包装；打行李
5.exactly adv. 确实如此；正是，确切地
6.grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的
拓展变形
1.ignore (vt.) 不理睬；忽视→ignorance (n.) 无知→ignorant (adj.) 无知的；不了解的
2.concern (vt.) (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 (n.) 担心；关注；(利害)关系→concerned (adj.) 担心的；有关的→concerning (prep.) 关于；有关
3.entire (adj.) 整个的；完全的；全部的→entirely (adv.) 完全地；全然地；整个地
4.power (n.) 能力；力量；权力→powerful (adj.) 强大的；强有力的→powerless (反义词) (adj.) 无力的；没有能力的；无权力的
5.settle (vi.) 安家；定居；停留 (vt.) 使定居；安排；解决→settlement (n.) 定居；解决→settler (n.) 定居者；移民
6.suffer (vt.& vi.) 遭受；忍受；经历→suffering (n.) 痛苦；苦难→sufferer (n.) 患病者；受难者
7.recover (vt.& vi.) 痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recovery (n.) 痊愈；恢复；重新获得
8.disagree (vi.) 不同意→agree (反义词) (vi.) 同意→disagreement (n.) 不同意
9.dislike (n.& vt.) 不喜欢；厌恶→like (n.& vt.) 喜欢→unlike (prep.) 不像……；与……不同→likely (adj.) 可能的；有希望的
1.dis否定前缀词
①disagree vi. 不同意
②dislike vt. 不喜欢
③disappear vi. 消失
④disability n. 残疾；无能
⑤discourage vt. 使气馁
⑥disobey vt. 不服从
⑦discover vt. 发现
2.合成名词(adj.＋n.)
①highway 公路；大路
②blackboard 黑板
③greenhouse 温室
④deadline 最后期限
3.自然现象
①thunder 雷声；打雷
②lightning 闪电
③shower 阵雨
④thunderstorm 雷暴
⑤snowstorm 暴风雪
⑥tornado 龙卷风
⑦hurricane 飓风
⑧typhoon 台风
⑨haze 雾霾
⑩tsunami 海啸
4.表示负面情绪的形容词
①upset 不安的；心烦的
②anxious 焦虑的
③annoyed 恼火的；生气的
④depressed 消沉的；沮丧的
⑤frustrated 失意的；挫败的
⑥pessimistic 悲观的
⑦blue 沮丧的；忧郁的
⑧down 情绪低落的
5.“动词＋ing”→名词
①suffer→suffering 苦难
②build→building 建筑(物)
③cross→crossing 十字路口
④hear→hearing 听力
⑤feel→feeling 感觉
6.“动词/形容词＋y”→名词
①recover→recovery 康复
②discover→discovery 发现
③modest→modesty 谦虚
④honest→honesty 诚实
⑤difficult→difficulty 困难
一 动词＋介/副词
1．add up 合计
2．calm ( ... ) down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
3．go through 经历；经受；完成；仔细检查
4．set down 记下；放下；登记
5．suffer from 遭受；患病
6．pack (sth.) up 将(东西)装箱打包
7．join in 参加；加入
二 介词＋名词
8．on purpose 故意地；有目的地
9．at dusk 在黄昏时刻
三 be＋形容词＋介词
10．be concerned about 关心；挂念
11．get/be tired of 对……厌烦
四 其他
12．a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套
13．in order to 为了……
14．face to face 面对面地
15．get along with 与……相处；进展
16．fall in love 倾心于；爱上
1．“at＋n.”表时间小结
①at dusk在黄昏时刻
②at dawn在拂晓
③at midnight在午夜
④at noon在中午
2．“n.＋prep.＋n.”类短语小结
①face to face面对面地
②heart to heart心连心地
③shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地
④hand in hand手拉手地
⑤back to back背对背地
⑥side by side肩并肩地
3．set短语小结
①set down记下；放下；登记
②set aside留出；拨出(时间、金钱等)
③set off出发；动身；引起；使爆炸
④set out to do sth./set about doing sth.着手做某事
⑤set up开办；建立；设立
4．“动词＋through”小结
①go through通过；用完；检查；经历，经受
②see through帮助渡过难关；看穿
③look through快速查看；浏览
④get through完成；用完；打通(电话)
1．状语从句的省略：while＋分词结构“当……的时候”
While walking the dog (在遛狗时), you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.(教材P1)
2．before 引导的时间状语从句，意为“在……之后才”，强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已经发生，还可理解为“还没等……就……”
She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered (他们才被发现)．(教材P2)
3．It is ... that/who ... 强调句型
I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that (是因为我长久无法出门的缘故)I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(教材P2)
4．There was a time when ... “曾经有段时间……”，此处when引导的是定语从句，可看作固定句式
I can well remember that there was a time when (曾经有段时光) a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.(教材P2)
5．It/This/That is/was the first time that ... “这/那是某人第一次做某事”，此结构中的从句部分要用完成时
It was the first time (这是第一次) in a year and a half that I'd seen (我目睹了) the night face to face ... (教材P2)
6．“with＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构
Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on (穿着这么多衣服)．(教材P5)
单句语法填空
1．Add up your score see how many points you get.
答案：and
2．Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh you, or would not understand you are going through?
答案：at; what
3．She said, “I don't want to set a series of facts in a diary most people do, I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”
答案：down; as; but
4．I stayed awake purpose until half past eleven in order
(have) a good look at the moon by myself.
答案：on; to have
5．Another time five months ago, I happened (be) upstairs
dusk when the window was open.
答案：to be; at
6．The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me
(entire) in their power.
答案：entirely
7．I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains (hang) before very dusty windows.
答案：hanging
8．It's no pleasure (look) through these any longer because nature is one thing really must be experienced.
答案：looking; that
9．I am having some trouble my classmates at the moment.
答案：with
10．Although I try to talk to my classmates, I still find hard to make good friends with them.
答案：it
考点步步冲关
1calm vt. & vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定
adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的
You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.(P1)
你将不理会上课铃声，去一个安静的地方让你的朋友平静下来。
(1)calm (sb./oneself) down让(某人/自己)冷静下来
(2)be/stay/keep/remain calm 保持镇静
(3)calmly adv. 镇静地；沉着地
(4)calmness n. 沉着；镇静
calm
平静的，沉着的。指无风浪或人的心情不激动
quiet
宁静的，安静的。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑
silent
寂静的，沉默的。指不说话或没有声音
still
静止的，不动的。指(人体等)无运动的
图解
助记
[一言辨异] When facing danger, one should keep calm; when taken photos, one should keep still; when someone else is asleep, one should keep quiet; when in class, one shouldn't keep silent about the teacher's questions.
当面对危险时，要保持冷静；照相时，要保持不动；其他人睡觉时，要保持安静；在课堂上时，不应该对老师的问题保持沉默。
即时练1
单句改错
①Don't panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly.
答案：calmly→calm
单句写作
②在紧急情况下，面对危险我们应该保持镇静，这点至关重要。
We should ， which matters much in case of emergency.
③这个老人镇静地穿过街道，他的妻子在那儿迎接他。
The elderly man the street, where he was greeted by his wife.
答案：②keep calm in the face of danger ③calmly crossed
2concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到
n．担心；关注；(利害)关系
You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then.(P1)
你会告诉你的朋友你很关心他/她，下课后你们会见面交谈。
(1)concern oneself about/with对……表示关心
(2)concerned adj. 担心的；关注的；相关的
be concerned about/for ... 担心……；关心……
be concerned with与……有关；涉及
as/so far as ... be concerned 就……而言；依……之见
(3)concerning prep. 有关；关于
[名师点津] concerned作形容词充当前置定语时，意为“关心的，挂念的，担心的”；如果要表示“相关的，有关的”作定语，要后置。例如：a concerned look关切的神色；the authorities concerned有关当局。
即时练2
单句语法填空
①This chapter concerns itself the historical background.
②He asked several questions (concern) the future of the company.
答案：①with/about ②concerning
单句写作
③如果你关心自己的健康，请咨询你的医生。
If you your health, consult your doctor.
④就我个人而言，赏读同一本书也是一次共同分享的经历。
， it can also be a sharing experience when the same book is being appreciated.
答案：③are concerned about ④As far as I'm concerned
3settle vi. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居；安排；解决(问题、分歧、纠纷)
She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place ... (P4)
她发现很难在藏身处安定下来……
(1)settle a problem/an argument/a dispute/a matter解决问题/争论/争端/事情
settle the differences解决分歧
(2)settle down 舒适地坐下(或躺下)；(在某地)定居下来，过安定的生活；安静下来
settle down to (doing) sth. 开始认真对待某事；定下心来(做)某事
settle in/into sth. 安顿下来；习惯于(新居)；适应(新工作)
即时练3
单句语法填空
① (settle) in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.
答案：Settled
句型转换
②There were so many noises that we were unable to be absorbed in studying.
→There were so many noises that we were unable to .
答案：settle down to studying
4suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历
She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.(P4)
她承受了寂寞之苦，但又不得不学会去喜欢孤独。
(1)suffer pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/hardship
遭受痛苦/失败/损失/贫穷/饥饿/苦难
suffer from ... 受……折磨；受……之苦；患……病
suffer from cold and hunger 饥寒交迫
(2)suffering n. [U](指肉体或精神上遭受的)痛苦/疼痛/困难 [C]痛苦；苦恼的事
(3)sufferer n. 患病者；受苦者；受难者
即时练4
单句语法填空
①A large quantity of money has been collected to help those (suffer) from the floods.
②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of (suffer) during the war.
③I'm suffering a lack of time this week.
④She received many letters of support from fellow (suffer)．
答案：①suffering ②sufferings ③from ④sufferers
单句写作——句式升级
⑤他一生从未遭受过这么大的损失，因此他几乎丧失了生活的希望。
a．普通表达：
He before in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life.
b．高级表达：
Never before in his life ， so he almost lost the hope for life.(倒装)
c．高级表达：
Not before in his life, he almost lost the hope for life. (分词作状语)
答案：a.had never suffered such a great loss b．had he suffered such a great loss c．having suffered such a great loss
1
add up 合计；加起来
教材
原句
Add up your score and see how many points you get.(P1)
把你的分数加起来看看能得多少分。
(1)add ... to ... 把……加到/进……里
add up to加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)
add to增加；增添(to为介词)
(2)add that ... 补充说……
(3)addition n. 加；(数)加法；增加
in addition另外；此外(还有)
in addition to 除……之外
即时练1
单句语法填空
①Add all the money I owe you.
②Please add some sugar the milk to make it more delicious.
答案：①up ②to
单句写作
③大雨增加了营救被埋人员的困难。
The heavy rain the difficulty in rescuing the buried people.
④除了季节性的特别安排，我们餐厅还有一套完整的午餐和点心的菜单可供选择。
Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options,
seasonal specials.
答案：③added to ④in addition to
2
go through 经历；完成；仔细检查；通过
教材
原句
Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through？(P2)
或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？
go against 违背；违反
go by 逝去；过去
go on 继续；进行；发生
go in for 参加；爱好
go over 复习；仔细检查
go up 上涨；上升；攀登
即时练2
写出下列句中go through的含义
①Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.
②I always start the day by going through my mail.
③The boy went through two whole loaves of bread.
④We went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey.
答案：①经历 ②仔细检查 ③用完；耗尽 ④通过；穿过
用go相关短语的适当形式填空
⑤The country has too many wars since the ancient times.
⑥Things will get easier as time .
⑦ your work before you hand it in.
⑧You shouldn't buy houses because their price is .
⑨Human beings shouldn't nature to live.
答案：⑤gone through ⑥goes by ⑦Go over ⑧going up ⑨go against
3
set down 放下；记下；让……下车；登记
教材
原句
I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but ... (P2)
我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账，但……
set about (doing) 开始；着手
set aside 留出；把……放置一旁；不理会；取消
set out 出发(for)；着手(to do)；安排
set off 出发(for)；引起；点燃
set up 建立；准备；安排
be set in 以……为背景
即时练3
用set相关短语的适当形式填空
①The movie a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
②In 1963 the UN the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
③Why don't you your ideas on paper?
④The new government must finding solutions to the country's economic problems.
⑤I try to a few minutes each day to take exercise.
答案：①is set in ②set up ③set; down ④set about
⑤set aside
1
While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.(P1)
翻译
遛狗时你不小心把狗松开了，狗被汽车撞了。
句中while walking the dog是一个状语从句的省略句，补全后为：while you were walking the dog。
省略句的条件
①when, while, before, after, unless, if, as if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it
②状语从句谓语中含有be动词
省略句的形式
省略从句中的主语和be动词
[名师点津] 解答该考点的题时，主要判断所考动词与句子主语之间的逻辑关系，若是主动关系时，通常填v.ing形式；若是被动关系时，通常填v.ed形式。
即时练1
单句写作
①在买鱼的时候，你应该先闻一闻。
fish, you should first smell it.
②她安慰地朝我笑了笑，耐心地边听我说边点头。
She gave me a comforting smile, nodded patiently.
③人们在被要求做他们不想做的事情时会有压力感。
People may feel forced to do things that they don't want to.
④如果可能的话，这周末我要去看我的祖父母。
， I'll go to see my grandparents this weekend.
答案：①When (you are) buying ②while (she was) listening ③when (they are) asked ④If (it is) possible
2
She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered.(P2)
翻译
她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月后才被发现。
before conj.常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。
(1)before引导时间状语从句时主要表达下列不同的意思：①还没来得及……就……(强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已经发生)；②……之后才……(说明主句的动作持续时间比较长之后，从句的动作才开始)；③在……之前；④(不久)就……；⑤以免……；⑥趁着……(还没有)
(2)含before的常用句式有：①It won't be long before ... 用不了多久就会……(before从句用一般现在时)；②It wasn't long before ... 没过多久就……(before从句用一般过去时)；③It will be＋一段时间＋before ... 要过若干时间之后才……(before从句用一般现在时)；④It was＋一段时间＋before ... 过了若干时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)
[名师点津] “It be＋一段时间＋since”引导状语从句，表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。
即时练2
单句写作
①他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。
They are thinking of buying the house .
②电影8：30开始，去之前我们可以匆匆吃点东西。
The movie starts at 8：30, and we can have a quick bite .
③约翰认为不久之后他就会为他的新工作做好准备。
John thinks he is ready for his new job.
④听说你回家已经两个星期了，我非常想念你。
I hear it has been two weeks you returned home and I've been missing you very much.
答案：①before the prices go up ②before we go ③it won't be long before ④since
3
I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(P2)
翻译
我不知道这是否是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
强调句型的结构
基本句式
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分
一般疑问句
Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋句子其他成分？
not ... until句
型的强调句
It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他成分
[名师点津] 判断是否为强调句型的方法：若去掉it is/was和that/who之后，该句子仍然完整，则为强调句型，否则就不是。强调句型结构经常与其他从句混合考查，因此要分析句型结构，判断是否是强调句型中的that之后再确认答案。
It is on the farm where we worked together that we got to know each other.
我们是在我们一起工作的农场逐渐认识彼此的。
分析：where引导定语从句，修饰farm，后面的that是强调句型中的that，该句强调的是地点状语on the farm。
即时练3
单句语法填空
①You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.
②It was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
③People all over the world wondered what it was resulted in the terrible accident.
答案：①that ②that ③that
单句写作——句式升级
④直到作为交流生去了美国他才意识到学好英语的重要性。
a．普通表达：
He he went to America as an exchange student.
b．高级表达：
he went to America as an exchange student . (强调)
c．高级表达：
Not until he went to America as an exchange student . (倒装)
答案：a.didn't realize the importance of learning English well until b．It was not until; that he realized the importance of learning English well c．did he realize the importance of learning English well
4
... it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face ... (P2)
翻译
……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
(1)
(2)It is (high/about) time that “该做某事了；是时候做某事了”。从句谓语用did或should do。
它的同义句式：It is (high/about) time for sb. to do sth.
即时练4
单句写作
①那是父亲第一次在紧急时刻依靠我。
That was the first time that Dad on me in a moment of emergency.
②这是约翰第二次举办画展了。
It's the second time that John an art exhibition.
③你该打扫自己的房间了。
It's about time you your room.
答案：①had depended/relied ②has held ③cleaned/should clean
直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)
陈述句的间接引语
直接引语是陈述句，在变为间接引语时，多数情况下都构成一个由that 引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省去)，引述动词通常是say，tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应地有所变化(若直接引语为客观真理或事实，则变为间接引语时无需改变时态)。
①She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.”
→She told her son that she would check his homework that night.
她对她儿子说她那天晚上要检查他的作业。
疑问句的间接引语
1．一般疑问句
一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if或whether，在句中的语义为“是否”，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, didn't know等。句末用句号。
②My teacher asked me，“Do you like American country music？”
→My teacher asked if/whether I liked American country music.
我的老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。
2．否定的一般疑问句和选择疑问句
如果直接引语为否定的一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，用whether ... or连接。
③She said, “Don't you know my telephone number？”
→She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not.
她问我是否知道她的电话号码。
即时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．— you call that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
—Yes. They are happy with it.
答案：Did
2．She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
答案：whether/if
3．He's been informed that he (not qualify) for the scholarship because of his academic background.
答案：doesn't qualify
4．The teacher said that light (travel) much faster than sound.
答案：travels
5．I failed again, but my parents encouraged me and told me that failure (be) the mother of success.
答案：is
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．An English teacher asked his students, “Are you interested in my lessons？”
→An English teacher asked his students were interested in
lessons.
答案：if/whether they; his
2．The girl said to me, “I have left my book in your room.”
→The girl told me that she her book in my room.
答案：had left
3．He said to me, “What's your name？”
→He asked me my name .
答案：what; was
4．Li Hua said, “I'll do it after class.”
→Li Hua said that after class.
答案：he/she would do it
5．Mr Green asked, “Jack, did you see the film yesterday？”
→Mr Green asked Jack whether he had seen the film .
答案：the day before
基础达标演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The astronauts will suffer a carbondioxide headache when they exercise in one place for a long time.
答案：from
2．For a hit show, profits can add up millions of dollars.
答案：to
3．Once, while (work) overnight at a store, he let a homeless man sleep in his truck.
答案：working
4． was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic that Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
答案：It
5．It was the first time that I (leave) my parents.
答案：had left
6．Dave went his pockets looking for the keys.
答案：through
7．—How did you pass the challenging test?
—It was a long time I found a series of suitable methods.
答案：before
8． (concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
答案：Concerned
9．A fly kept the boy. He was so that he the cup on the desk. (upset)
答案：upsetting; upset; upset
10．We've had a few (disagree), but we're still good friends.
答案：disagreements
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．She gladly gave up her parttime job to devote herself entire to her art.
答案：entire→entirely
2．Many young adults disagree their parents on most things because of the generation gap.
答案：disagree后加with
3．He said that he haven't heard from his parents those days.
答案：haven't→hadn't
4．That is the last time that he had talked with his father face to face.
答案：had→has或is→was
5．Jack asked Jane when she will leave for London yesterday.
答案：will→would
Ⅲ.教材微写作
A．根据提示完成句子
1．李明过去经常为一些小事而心烦不能冷静。(be upset about; keep calm)
答案：Li Ming used to be upset about some small things and couldn't keep calm.
2．老师们很关心他，多次和他面对面地交谈。(be concerned about; face to face)
答案：The teachers are concerned about him and often talk with him face to face.
3．现在，他再也不扰乱同学们了，并经常加入到他们当中来解决一些问题。(no longer; join ... in ...; settle)
答案：Now, he no longer disturbs his classmates and often joins them in settling some problems.
4．他和同学们现在相处得很好。(get along with)
答案：He is getting along well with his classmates now.
5．在我看来，正是老师的爱和关心完全改变了他。(as far as sb. be concerned; it is ... that; entirely)
答案：As far as I'm concerned, it's the love and concern from the teachers that has changed him entirely.
B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范
答案：Li Ming used to be upset about some small things and couldn't keep calm. The teachers are concerned about him and often talk with him face to face. Now, he no longer disturbs his classmates and often joins them in settling some problems. As a result, he is getting along well with his classmates now. As far as I'm concerned, it's the love and concern from the teachers that has changed him entirely.
第一部分
教材重点全程攻略 Book 1
Unit 1 Friendship
基础自主检测
阅读识记
Ⅰ.英译汉
1.survey n. 调查
2.loose adj. 松的；松开的
3.thunder vi. 打雷；雷鸣
n.雷；雷声
4.curtain n. 窗帘；门帘；幕布
5.overcoat n. 大衣
6.swap vt. 交换
7.item n. 项目；条款
Ⅱ.汉译英
1.series n. 连续；系列
2.outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外
3.dusk n. 黄昏；傍晚
4.partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人
5.highway n. 公路，大路
6.suitcase n. 手提箱；衣箱
7.teenager n. 十几岁的青少年
8.tip n. 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费
vt. 倾斜；翻倒
高频应用
1.upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt. 使不安；使心烦
2.calm vt.& vi. (使)平静；(使)镇定
3.dusty adj. 积满灰尘的
4.pack vi.& vt. 捆扎；包装；打行李
5.exactly adv. 确实如此；正是，确切地
6.grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的
拓展变形
1.ignore (vt.) 不理睬；忽视→ignorance (n.) 无知→ignorant (adj.) 无知的；不了解的
2.concern (vt.) (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 (n.) 担心；关注；(利害)关系→concerned (adj.) 担心的；有关的→concerning (prep.) 关于；有关
3.entire (adj.) 整个的；完全的；全部的→entirely (adv.) 完全地；全然地；整个地
4.power (n.) 能力；力量；权力→powerful (adj.) 强大的；强有力的→powerless (反义词) (adj.) 无力的；没有能力的；无权力的
5.settle (vi.) 安家；定居；停留 (vt.) 使定居；安排；解决→settlement (n.) 定居；解决→settler (n.) 定居者；移民
6.suffer (vt.& vi.) 遭受；忍受；经历→suffering (n.) 痛苦；苦难→sufferer (n.) 患病者；受难者
7.recover (vt.& vi.) 痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recovery (n.) 痊愈；恢复；重新获得
8.disagree (vi.) 不同意→agree (反义词) (vi.) 同意→disagreement (n.) 不同意
9.dislike (n.& vt.) 不喜欢；厌恶→like (n.& vt.) 喜欢→unlike (prep.) 不像……；与……不同→likely (adj.) 可能的；有希望的
1.dis否定前缀词
①disagree vi. 不同意
②dislike vt. 不喜欢
③disappear vi. 消失
④disability n. 残疾；无能
⑤discourage vt. 使气馁
⑥disobey vt. 不服从
⑦discover vt. 发现
2.合成名词(adj.＋n.)
①highway 公路；大路
②blackboard 黑板
③greenhouse 温室
④deadline 最后期限
3.自然现象
①thunder 雷声；打雷
②lightning 闪电
③shower 阵雨
④thunderstorm 雷暴
⑤snowstorm 暴风雪
⑥tornado 龙卷风
⑦hurricane 飓风
⑧typhoon 台风
⑨haze 雾霾
⑩tsunami 海啸
4.表示负面情绪的形容词
①upset 不安的；心烦的
②anxious 焦虑的
③annoyed 恼火的；生气的
④depressed 消沉的；沮丧的
⑤frustrated 失意的；挫败的
⑥pessimistic 悲观的
⑦blue 沮丧的；忧郁的
⑧down 情绪低落的
5.“动词＋ing”→名词
①suffer→suffering 苦难
②build→building 建筑(物)
③cross→crossing 十字路口
④hear→hearing 听力
⑤feel→feeling 感觉
6.“动词/形容词＋y”→名词
①recover→recovery 康复
②discover→discovery 发现
③modest→modesty 谦虚
④honest→honesty 诚实
⑤difficult→difficulty 困难
一 动词＋介/副词
1．add up 合计
2．calm ( ... ) down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
3．go through 经历；经受；完成；仔细检查
4．set down 记下；放下；登记
5．suffer from 遭受；患病
6．pack (sth.) up 将(东西)装箱打包
7．join in 参加；加入
二 介词＋名词
8．on purpose 故意地；有目的地
9．at dusk 在黄昏时刻
三 be＋形容词＋介词
10．be concerned about 关心；挂念
11．get/be tired of 对……厌烦
四 其他
12．a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套
13．in order to 为了……
14．face to face 面对面地
15．get along with 与……相处；进展
16．fall in love 倾心于；爱上
1．“at＋n.”表时间小结
①at dusk在黄昏时刻
②at dawn在拂晓
③at midnight在午夜
④at noon在中午
2．“n.＋prep.＋n.”类短语小结
①face to face面对面地
②heart to heart心连心地
③shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地
④hand in hand手拉手地
⑤back to back背对背地
⑥side by side肩并肩地
3．set短语小结
①set down记下；放下；登记
②set aside留出；拨出(时间、金钱等)
③set off出发；动身；引起；使爆炸
④set out to do sth./set about doing sth.着手做某事
⑤set up开办；建立；设立
4．“动词＋through”小结
①go through通过；用完；检查；经历，经受
②see through帮助渡过难关；看穿
③look through快速查看；浏览
④get through完成；用完；打通(电话)
1．状语从句的省略：while＋分词结构“当……的时候”
While walking the dog (在遛狗时), you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.(教材P1)
2．before 引导的时间状语从句，意为“在……之后才”，强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已经发生，还可理解为“还没等……就……”
She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered (他们才被发现)．(教材P2)
3．It is ... that/who ... 强调句型
I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that (是因为我长久无法出门的缘故)I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(教材P2)
4．There was a time when ... “曾经有段时间……”，此处when引导的是定语从句，可看作固定句式
I can well remember that there was a time when (曾经有段时光) a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.(教材P2)
5．It/This/That is/was the first time that ... “这/那是某人第一次做某事”，此结构中的从句部分要用完成时
It was the first time (这是第一次) in a year and a half that I'd seen (我目睹了) the night face to face ... (教材P2)
6．“with＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构
Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on (穿着这么多衣服)．(教材P5)
单句语法填空
1．Add up your score see how many points you get.
答案：and
2．Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh you, or would not understand you are going through?
答案：at; what
3．She said, “I don't want to set a series of facts in a diary most people do, I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”
答案：down; as; but
4．I stayed awake purpose until half past eleven in order
(have) a good look at the moon by myself.
答案：on; to have
5．Another time five months ago, I happened (be) upstairs
dusk when the window was open.
答案：to be; at
6．The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me
(entire) in their power.
答案：entirely
7．I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains (hang) before very dusty windows.
答案：hanging
8．It's no pleasure (look) through these any longer because nature is one thing really must be experienced.
答案：looking; that
9．I am having some trouble my classmates at the moment.
答案：with
10．Although I try to talk to my classmates, I still find hard to make good friends with them.
答案：it
考点步步冲关
1calm vt. & vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定
adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的
You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.(P1)
你将不理会上课铃声，去一个安静的地方让你的朋友平静下来。
(1)calm (sb./oneself) down让(某人/自己)冷静下来
(2)be/stay/keep/remain calm 保持镇静
(3)calmly adv. 镇静地；沉着地
(4)calmness n. 沉着；镇静
calm
平静的，沉着的。指无风浪或人的心情不激动
quiet
宁静的，安静的。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑
silent
寂静的，沉默的。指不说话或没有声音
still
静止的，不动的。指(人体等)无运动的
图解
助记
[一言辨异] When facing danger, one should keep calm; when taken photos, one should keep still; when someone else is asleep, one should keep quiet; when in class, one shouldn't keep silent about the teacher's questions.
当面对危险时，要保持冷静；照相时，要保持不动；其他人睡觉时，要保持安静；在课堂上时，不应该对老师的问题保持沉默。
即时练1
单句改错
①Don't panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly.
答案：calmly→calm
单句写作
②在紧急情况下，面对危险我们应该保持镇静，这点至关重要。
We should ， which matters much in case of emergency.
③这个老人镇静地穿过街道，他的妻子在那儿迎接他。
The elderly man the street, where he was greeted by his wife.
答案：②keep calm in the face of danger ③calmly crossed
2concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到
n．担心；关注；(利害)关系
You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then.(P1)
你会告诉你的朋友你很关心他/她，下课后你们会见面交谈。
(1)concern oneself about/with对……表示关心
(2)concerned adj. 担心的；关注的；相关的
be concerned about/for ... 担心……；关心……
be concerned with与……有关；涉及
as/so far as ... be concerned 就……而言；依……之见
(3)concerning prep. 有关；关于
[名师点津] concerned作形容词充当前置定语时，意为“关心的，挂念的，担心的”；如果要表示“相关的，有关的”作定语，要后置。例如：a concerned look关切的神色；the authorities concerned有关当局。
即时练2
单句语法填空
①This chapter concerns itself the historical background.
②He asked several questions (concern) the future of the company.
答案：①with/about ②concerning
单句写作
③如果你关心自己的健康，请咨询你的医生。
If you your health, consult your doctor.
④就我个人而言，赏读同一本书也是一次共同分享的经历。
， it can also be a sharing experience when the same book is being appreciated.
答案：③are concerned about ④As far as I'm concerned
3settle vi. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居；安排；解决(问题、分歧、纠纷)
She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place ... (P4)
她发现很难在藏身处安定下来……
(1)settle a problem/an argument/a dispute/a matter解决问题/争论/争端/事情
settle the differences解决分歧
(2)settle down 舒适地坐下(或躺下)；(在某地)定居下来，过安定的生活；安静下来
settle down to (doing) sth. 开始认真对待某事；定下心来(做)某事
settle in/into sth. 安顿下来；习惯于(新居)；适应(新工作)
即时练3
单句语法填空
① (settle) in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.
答案：Settled
句型转换
②There were so many noises that we were unable to be absorbed in studying.
→There were so many noises that we were unable to .
答案：settle down to studying
4suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历
She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.(P4)
她承受了寂寞之苦，但又不得不学会去喜欢孤独。
(1)suffer pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/hardship
遭受痛苦/失败/损失/贫穷/饥饿/苦难
suffer from ... 受……折磨；受……之苦；患……病
suffer from cold and hunger 饥寒交迫
(2)suffering n. [U](指肉体或精神上遭受的)痛苦/疼痛/困难 [C]痛苦；苦恼的事
(3)sufferer n. 患病者；受苦者；受难者
即时练4
单句语法填空
①A large quantity of money has been collected to help those (suffer) from the floods.
②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of (suffer) during the war.
③I'm suffering a lack of time this week.
④She received many letters of support from fellow (suffer)．
答案：①suffering ②sufferings ③from ④sufferers
单句写作——句式升级
⑤他一生从未遭受过这么大的损失，因此他几乎丧失了生活的希望。
a．普通表达：
He before in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life.
b．高级表达：
Never before in his life ， so he almost lost the hope for life.(倒装)
c．高级表达：
Not before in his life, he almost lost the hope for life. (分词作状语)
答案：a.had never suffered such a great loss b．had he suffered such a great loss c．having suffered such a great loss
1
add up 合计；加起来
教材
原句
Add up your score and see how many points you get.(P1)
把你的分数加起来看看能得多少分。
(1)add ... to ... 把……加到/进……里
add up to加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)
add to增加；增添(to为介词)
(2)add that ... 补充说……
(3)addition n. 加；(数)加法；增加
in addition另外；此外(还有)
in addition to 除……之外
即时练1
单句语法填空
①Add all the money I owe you.
②Please add some sugar the milk to make it more delicious.
答案：①up ②to
单句写作
③大雨增加了营救被埋人员的困难。
The heavy rain the difficulty in rescuing the buried people.
④除了季节性的特别安排，我们餐厅还有一套完整的午餐和点心的菜单可供选择。
Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options,
seasonal specials.
答案：③added to ④in addition to
2
go through 经历；完成；仔细检查；通过
教材
原句
Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through？(P2)
或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？
go against 违背；违反
go by 逝去；过去
go on 继续；进行；发生
go in for 参加；爱好
go over 复习；仔细检查
go up 上涨；上升；攀登
即时练2
写出下列句中go through的含义
①Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.
②I always start the day by going through my mail.
③The boy went through two whole loaves of bread.
④We went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey.
答案：①经历 ②仔细检查 ③用完；耗尽 ④通过；穿过
用go相关短语的适当形式填空
⑤The country has too many wars since the ancient times.
⑥Things will get easier as time .
⑦ your work before you hand it in.
⑧You shouldn't buy houses because their price is .
⑨Human beings shouldn't nature to live.
答案：⑤gone through ⑥goes by ⑦Go over ⑧going up ⑨go against
3
set down 放下；记下；让……下车；登记
教材
原句
I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but ... (P2)
我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账，但……
set about (doing) 开始；着手
set aside 留出；把……放置一旁；不理会；取消
set out 出发(for)；着手(to do)；安排
set off 出发(for)；引起；点燃
set up 建立；准备；安排
be set in 以……为背景
即时练3
用set相关短语的适当形式填空
①The movie a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
②In 1963 the UN the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
③Why don't you your ideas on paper?
④The new government must finding solutions to the country's economic problems.
⑤I try to a few minutes each day to take exercise.
答案：①is set in ②set up ③set; down ④set about
⑤set aside
1
While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.(P1)
翻译
遛狗时你不小心把狗松开了，狗被汽车撞了。
句中while walking the dog是一个状语从句的省略句，补全后为：while you were walking the dog。
省略句的条件
①when, while, before, after, unless, if, as if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it
②状语从句谓语中含有be动词
省略句的形式
省略从句中的主语和be动词
[名师点津] 解答该考点的题时，主要判断所考动词与句子主语之间的逻辑关系，若是主动关系时，通常填v.ing形式；若是被动关系时，通常填v.ed形式。
即时练1
单句写作
①在买鱼的时候，你应该先闻一闻。
fish, you should first smell it.
②她安慰地朝我笑了笑，耐心地边听我说边点头。
She gave me a comforting smile, nodded patiently.
③人们在被要求做他们不想做的事情时会有压力感。
People may feel forced to do things that they don't want to.
④如果可能的话，这周末我要去看我的祖父母。
， I'll go to see my grandparents this weekend.
答案：①When (you are) buying ②while (she was) listening ③when (they are) asked ④If (it is) possible
2
She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered.(P2)
翻译
她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月后才被发现。
before conj.常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。
(1)before引导时间状语从句时主要表达下列不同的意思：①还没来得及……就……(强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已经发生)；②……之后才……(说明主句的动作持续时间比较长之后，从句的动作才开始)；③在……之前；④(不久)就……；⑤以免……；⑥趁着……(还没有)
(2)含before的常用句式有：①It won't be long before ... 用不了多久就会……(before从句用一般现在时)；②It wasn't long before ... 没过多久就……(before从句用一般过去时)；③It will be＋一段时间＋before ... 要过若干时间之后才……(before从句用一般现在时)；④It was＋一段时间＋before ... 过了若干时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)
[名师点津] “It be＋一段时间＋since”引导状语从句，表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。
即时练2
单句写作
①他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。
They are thinking of buying the house .
②电影8：30开始，去之前我们可以匆匆吃点东西。
The movie starts at 8：30, and we can have a quick bite .
③约翰认为不久之后他就会为他的新工作做好准备。
John thinks he is ready for his new job.
④听说你回家已经两个星期了，我非常想念你。
I hear it has been two weeks you returned home and I've been missing you very much.
答案：①before the prices go up ②before we go ③it won't be long before ④since
3
I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(P2)
翻译
我不知道这是否是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
强调句型的结构
基本句式
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分
一般疑问句
Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋句子其他成分？
not ... until句
型的强调句
It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他成分
[名师点津] 判断是否为强调句型的方法：若去掉it is/was和that/who之后，该句子仍然完整，则为强调句型，否则就不是。强调句型结构经常与其他从句混合考查，因此要分析句型结构，判断是否是强调句型中的that之后再确认答案。
It is on the farm where we worked together that we got to know each other.
我们是在我们一起工作的农场逐渐认识彼此的。
分析：where引导定语从句，修饰farm，后面的that是强调句型中的that，该句强调的是地点状语on the farm。
即时练3
单句语法填空
①You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.
②It was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
③People all over the world wondered what it was resulted in the terrible accident.
答案：①that ②that ③that
单句写作——句式升级
④直到作为交流生去了美国他才意识到学好英语的重要性。
a．普通表达：
He he went to America as an exchange student.
b．高级表达：
he went to America as an exchange student . (强调)
c．高级表达：
Not until he went to America as an exchange student . (倒装)
答案：a.didn't realize the importance of learning English well until b．It was not until; that he realized the importance of learning English well c．did he realize the importance of learning English well
4
... it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face ... (P2)
翻译
……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
(1)
(2)It is (high/about) time that “该做某事了；是时候做某事了”。从句谓语用did或should do。
它的同义句式：It is (high/about) time for sb. to do sth.
即时练4
单句写作
①那是父亲第一次在紧急时刻依靠我。
That was the first time that Dad on me in a moment of emergency.
②这是约翰第二次举办画展了。
It's the second time that John an art exhibition.
③你该打扫自己的房间了。
It's about time you your room.
答案：①had depended/relied ②has held ③cleaned/should clean
直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)
陈述句的间接引语
直接引语是陈述句，在变为间接引语时，多数情况下都构成一个由that 引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省去)，引述动词通常是say，tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应地有所变化(若直接引语为客观真理或事实，则变为间接引语时无需改变时态)。
①She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.”
→She told her son that she would check his homework that night.
她对她儿子说她那天晚上要检查他的作业。
疑问句的间接引语
1．一般疑问句
一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if或whether，在句中的语义为“是否”，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, didn't know等。句末用句号。
②My teacher asked me，“Do you like American country music？”
→My teacher asked if/whether I liked American country music.
我的老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。
2．否定的一般疑问句和选择疑问句
如果直接引语为否定的一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，用whether ... or连接。
③She said, “Don't you know my telephone number？”
→She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not.
她问我是否知道她的电话号码。
即时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．— you call that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
—Yes. They are happy with it.
答案：Did
2．She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
答案：whether/if
3．He's been informed that he (not qualify) for the scholarship because of his academic background.
答案：doesn't qualify
4．The teacher said that light (travel) much faster than sound.
答案：travels
5．I failed again, but my parents encouraged me and told me that failure (be) the mother of success.
答案：is
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．An English teacher asked his students, “Are you interested in my lessons？”
→An English teacher asked his students were interested in
lessons.
答案：if/whether they; his
2．The girl said to me, “I have left my book in your room.”
→The girl told me that she her book in my room.
答案：had left
3．He said to me, “What's your name？”
→He asked me my name .
答案：what; was
4．Li Hua said, “I'll do it after class.”
→Li Hua said that after class.
答案：he/she would do it
5．Mr Green asked, “Jack, did you see the film yesterday？”
→Mr Green asked Jack whether he had seen the film .
答案：the day before
基础达标演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The astronauts will suffer a carbondioxide headache when they exercise in one place for a long time.
答案：from
2．For a hit show, profits can add up millions of dollars.
答案：to
3．Once, while (work) overnight at a store, he let a homeless man sleep in his truck.
答案：working
4． was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic that Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
答案：It
5．It was the first time that I (leave) my parents.
答案：had left
6．Dave went his pockets looking for the keys.
答案：through
7．—How did you pass the challenging test?
—It was a long time I found a series of suitable methods.
答案：before
8． (concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
答案：Concerned
9．A fly kept the boy. He was so that he the cup on the desk. (upset)
答案：upsetting; upset; upset
10．We've had a few (disagree), but we're still good friends.
答案：disagreements
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．She gladly gave up her parttime job to devote herself entire to her art.
答案：entire→entirely
2．Many young adults disagree their parents on most things because of the generation gap.
答案：disagree后加with
3．He said that he haven't heard from his parents those days.
答案：haven't→hadn't
4．That is the last time that he had talked with his father face to face.
答案：had→has或is→was
5．Jack asked Jane when she will leave for London yesterday.
答案：will→would
Ⅲ.教材微写作
A．根据提示完成句子
1．李明过去经常为一些小事而心烦不能冷静。(be upset about; keep calm)
答案：Li Ming used to be upset about some small things and couldn't keep calm.
2．老师们很关心他，多次和他面对面地交谈。(be concerned about; face to face)
答案：The teachers are concerned about him and often talk with him face to face.
3．现在，他再也不扰乱同学们了，并经常加入到他们当中来解决一些问题。(no longer; join ... in ...; settle)
答案：Now, he no longer disturbs his classmates and often joins them in settling some problems.
4．他和同学们现在相处得很好。(get along with)
答案：He is getting along well with his classmates now.
5．在我看来，正是老师的爱和关心完全改变了他。(as far as sb. be concerned; it is ... that; entirely)
答案：As far as I'm concerned, it's the love and concern from the teachers that has changed him entirely.
B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范
答案：Li Ming used to be upset about some small things and couldn't keep calm. The teachers are concerned about him and often talk with him face to face. Now, he no longer disturbs his classmates and often joins them in settling some problems. As a result, he is getting along well with his classmates now. As far as I'm concerned, it's the love and concern from the teachers that has changed him entirely.
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