2021届高三英语人教版一轮新高考复习学案：选修8Unit2　Cloning



三言
两语
1.Thanks to the development of science and technology，human society has enjoyed continuous prosperity and more convenience.
2．Human cloning，which is expected to cure many serious diseases and save lives，but may bring disasters of social morality.
3．How to deal with the progress of science and technology properly is worth our careful consideration.
1.科学技术在历史上已经彻底地改变了我们的生活，特别是在上个世纪。
Science and technology have changed our life thoroughly throughout the history，especially in the last century.
2．毫无疑问，我们在许多不同的方面受益于科学的进步。
There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways.


[单词　拼写应用]
核
心
单
词
1.altogether adv.总共；完全地
2．forbid vt.禁止；不准
3．exact adj.精确的；准确的
4．owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……
5．shortly adv.立刻；不久
6．bother vt.打扰 vi.操心
n．烦扰
7．strike vt.& vi.打；撞击；罢工
n．罢工
8．drawback n．缺点；不利条件
9．breakthrough n．突破
10．obtain vt.获得；赢得
11._undertake vt.着手；从事；承担
12._unable adj.不能的；不会的
[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(全国卷Ⅱ)It struck (strike)me that playing against the other team was a great moment for all the girls on the team.
2．(全国卷)Although we've been delighted to have you as neighbours, we're hoping to settle something that bothers (bother) us.
3．Nowadays, energy can be_obtained (obtain) through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.
4．Our school is a non­smoking school.So smoking is forbidden (forbid) here.
5．But just as a coin has two sides, Internet has its own drawbacks (drawback) which should not be neglected.
拓
展
单
词
1.differ vi.不同；相异→different adj.不同的→difference n．差异；不同
2．correct adj.正确的 v．改正→correction n．改正；纠正；修正
3．object vi.反对；不赞成→objection n．不赞成；反对；异议
4．accumulate vt.&vi.积累；聚积→accumulation n．积累；增加
5．retire vi.退休；离开→retirement n．退休；引退
6．assume vt.假定；设想→assumption_n．假定；设想
7．regulate vt.调节；管理→regulation n．规则；规章；法规
8．popular adj.流行的；通俗的；受欢迎的→popularity n．受人喜爱；流行
9．resist vt.抵抗；对抗→resistance n．抵抗；对抗→resistant adj.有抵抗力的；抵制的
10．decorate v．装饰；装修→decoration n．装饰；装修
[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The purpose of education is not only the accumulation of knowledge.And it also means accumulating intelligence as well as abilities.(accumulate)
2．From the appearance, we cannot tell the differences between the twins, though they always have some different ideas.And as for this phenomenon, ideas differ among many people.(differ)
3．Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it, while his father objected to it.(object)
4．Don't assume that you are a princess and stop living in assumptions any more.(assume)
5．Nowadays few people can resist the temptation of smartphones, for so many interesting things in them make anyone trying to be resistant to them finally give up their resistance．(resist)
阅
读
单
词
1.straightforward adj.简单的；直接的；坦率的
2．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续
3. merely adv. 仅；只；不过
4. impact n. 撞击；冲击；巨大的影响
5．moral adj.道德(上)的；伦理的
6.cast vt.扔；投；掷
7. identical adj.同一的；一模一样的
8．initial adj.最初的；开始的
9．vain adj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的
10．adore vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱
11．fate n．命运；天命
12．medium n．(pl.media)媒介；手段；工具
13.conservative adj.保守的；守旧的
14．compulsory adj.必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的
15．commercial adj.商业的；贸易的
16．complicated adj.复杂的；难懂的_
17．hatch vt.&vi.孵出；孵卵；孵化
18．reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的

(2017·天津卷)This combination of healing myself and healing the world struck me as the perfect solution.让人觉得

[短语　多维应用]
高频短语
1.cast down使失望；使沮丧
2．in favour of 赞成；支持
3．bring back to life 使复生；使复活
4．(be) bound to (do)．.. 一定或注定(做)……
5．in good/poor condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)
[语境运用]　(填入一个适当的词)
Are you ①in favour of cloning human beings? Especially when your health is ②in poor condition，you are ③bound to want to bring yourself back ④to life.Don't worry.Human cloning technology doesn't cast you ⑤down.
6.object to 反对
7．pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
8．in vain 白费力气；枉费心机
9．from time to time 不时；偶尔
10．strike...into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心
[语境运用]　(填入一个适当的词)
Only if you don't object ⑥to cloning human beings can what you do for your health pays ⑦off．The successful organs' cloning contributes to the patients' recovery.I believe it will strike the advanced medical technology ⑧into your heart.
[句式　结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.(1)完全倒装 (2) that引导同位语从句
Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.
然后传来了令人兴奋的消息，我们队赢得了比赛。
Then came the exciting news that our team won the game.
2.The advantage is that...“其优点是……”，that引导表语从句
The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
骑自行车上班的优点是我们可以过一种低碳生活。
The advantage of cycling to work is that we can live a low­carbon life.


1.object vi.反对；不赞成 n．物体；目标
(1)object to sb./sth.反对/不赞成某人/某事
object to doing sth.反对做某事
(2)objection n.反对；厌恶
objective adj.客观的；真实的

an object of study研究对象
an objective assessment/analysis
客观的评价/分析

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①A majority of students objected to being arranged (arrange) for extra lessons during holidays and weekends.
②The villagers raised an objection (object) to building a chemical plant beside the river.
③(2018·江苏卷)It is necessary to hold an objective (object) attitude towards ratings.
[链接写作]——一句多译
就我个人而言， 我反对他提出的建议。
①As far as I'm concerned, I am opposed to the suggestions he put forward.(opposed)
②In my view, I object to the suggestions he put forward.(object)
2.forbid (forbade/forbad；forbidden) vt.禁止；不准
forbid (doing) sth.禁止 (做) 某事
forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事
forbid sb.sth.禁止某人某事

forbid smoking during office hours禁止在办公时间抽烟
the Forbidden City紫禁城

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①You can't smoke here.Regulations forbid smoking(smoke) in this room.
②I will forbid you to leave(leave) unless you apologize for what you have done.
③(重庆卷)In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is forbidden(forbid), especially if you are a woman.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)We were forbidden to go out(禁止外出)at night，so we had to stay at home aimlessly.
(高级表达)Forbidden to go out at night，we had to stay at home aimlessly.(过去分词短语作状语)
3.owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢
(1)owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物
owe sth.to 把……归功于；为……而感谢
owe it to sb.that...多亏了某人……
(2)owing to 因为；由于

owe us an explanation应当给我们一个解释
owe him an apology得向他道歉

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I owe an apology to you for being unable to travel with you.
②(上海卷)Owing (owe) to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
③I owed it to the doctors that I survived such a severe accident.
[链接写作]——词汇升级/句式升级
多亏她帮忙，我们才成功启动了引擎。
(普通表达)Because of her assistance, we succeeded in starting the engine.
(高级表达)Owing to her assistance, we succeeded in starting the engine.
(高级表达)It was owing to her assistance that we succeeded in starting the engine．(强调句型)
[名师点津]　如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在后面。
4.bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n．[U]烦扰；[C]令人烦恼的事或人
(1)bother to do/doing sth.费心做某事
(2)bother sb.with/about sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人
(3)It bothers sb.that/to do sth.使某人苦恼的是
(4)have bother (in) doing sth.做某事费力

bother yourself about/with small things为琐事烦恼
bother her with my problems让她为我的事操心

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(湖南卷)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk over what is bothering(bother) them.
　b．(湖南卷)Around two o'clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers(bother) us.
②a.Don't bother getting/to get(get) dinner for me today.I'll eat out.
　b．We had quite a lot of bother getting (get) here because of the fog.
③I don't want to bother you about/with my problem.I am doing quite well.
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)Although I have been working hard, I can't keep up with others and this bothers me greatly.
(高级表达)Although I have been working hard，it bothers me greatly that I can't keep up with others.(it作形式主语)
(高级表达)Although I have been working hard, what bothers me greatly is that I can't keep up with others.(what引导主语从句)
5.strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck)打；罢工；敲；撞击；击打；侵袭；给……以印象；擦；突然想起 n．罢工；打击
(1)sth.strikes sb.某人突然想出……
It strikes sb.that/to do...某人想到……
(2)be struck by...被……打动；迷恋……
(3)strike sb.in/on＋ the＋身体部位 打某人某部位
(4)be on/go on strike 在/举行罢工
[基础练习]——写出下列句中strike的词性和含义
①(广东卷)She was practicing surfing when a shark struck.v.袭击
②The visitors were struck by the beauty of the country.v.打动；给……以印象
③I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning.v.(钟) 敲
④It struck me that I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day.v.想起
⑤(福建卷)The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.n.罢工
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
我被他鼓舞人心的话所打动，并决定努力提高英语。
(普通表达)I was struck/stricken by his inspiring words, and I decided to make efforts to improve my English.
(高级表达)Struck/Stricken by his inspiring words, I decided to make efforts to improve my English.(分词短语作状语)
6.pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
pay for sth.付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价
pay sb.for sth.因某事物给某人报酬
pay back 偿还(欠款)；报复；回报
pay a visit to 拜访

pay off his debts in two years在两年内还清了债务

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off．
②a.That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.
　b．I'd also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.
③(2017·天津卷)Will you please pay a visit to Tianjin again so that we may meet again?
[链接写作]——完成句子
(四川卷)当我顺利地完成了所有科目考试的时候，我的确感到我的努力得到了回报。
When I passed the exams of all the subjects，I did feel that my efforts paid off．
7.in good/poor condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)
(1)out of condition 健康状况不佳/条件状况欠佳
(2)on condition that 如果；在……条件下；倘若
on no condition 决不
(3)under...conditions 在……条件下
working/living/studying conditions工作/生活/学习环境
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(安徽卷)What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be in poor condition.
　b．On no condition should you lose heart when you are in trouble.
②(安徽卷)It is many young people's ambition to set up businesses that improve social conditions(condition)．
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)They agreed to lend us the car if we returned it before the weekend.
(高级表达)They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.
[名师点津]　condition表示“(工作或生活)环境”时，通常要用复数形式；而表示“状况”时，为不可数名词，表示“条件”时，则为可数名词。
8.[教材佳句]The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
其优点是如果发生一种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并将这种抵抗能力传给下一代。
[句法句式]The advantage is that...优势是……，that此处引导表语从句。
常见的类似句式：
The disadvantage of...is that...
……的不足是……
The strength of...is that...……的优势是……
The problem of...is that...……的问题是……
The chances are that...有可能……
The drawback of ...is that ...……的缺点是……
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The disadvantage of copying others' homework is that you cannot master what you have learned.
②The chances are that he will recover in a week if he receives timely treatment.
[链接写作]——完成句子
微笑的优势在于它不仅仅让我们高兴，还能取悦别人。
The advantage/strength of smiling is that it can not only make us happy, but also please others.

多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．—Why did you quit your job?
—It was good in terms of its working conditions(condition), but the salary was too low.
2．The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, to stay (stay) out after 11 p．m.
3．Liu Lei insisted that he merely did what everybody would have done and strongly objected to being called(call) a hero.
4．Why bother going/to go (go) abroad to study when there are so many good universities at home?
5．Greatly struck (strike) by the beauty of the language, I thought how even today Shakespeare's writing remains powerful and true.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
6．(安徽卷)The athlete's years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
7．The drawback of the popularity of cars is that it brings about so much air pollution.
8．This morning my grandpa wrote his doctor a letter saying that he owes it to her that he is still alive.
9．All efforts will be in vain if we can't learn English by practising repeatedly.
10．In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought back to life after death.
维度3——查缺补漏
11．The new clothes in that shop are so beautiful that Anna cannot resist taking (take) a close look at them, although she cannot afford them at present.
12．The project undertaken (undertake) by the young engineer on his own turned out to be very successful.
13．Keep on working hard like this, and your research is bound to obtain(obtain) great success.
14．No one knows exactly(exact) how the earth began as it happened so long ago.
15．We had our furniture moved to the new house when the decoration (decorate) of the house was finished.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一　单元话题语篇练
根据P11—12教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.It is a way of 1.making(make) an exact copy of another animal or plant.It has two major uses.One is 2.that gardeners use it to produce commercial quantities of plants.3.The other is that it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.However, the process of cloning is difficult 4.to undertake(undertake)．
Many attempts to clone mammals failed.The breakthrough that scientists made in history was in the year 1996.The first successful cloning, Dolly the sheep, made the whole 5.scientific(science) world follow its process, though it had 6.more(many) problems than the normal sheep.Dolly's appearance 7.raised(raise) a storm of objections and had a great impact 8.on the media and public imagination.Different people have different opinions on it.However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.Maybe in the 9.21st(21) century, cloning will be the 10.biggest(big) moral dilemma.
提能二　单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①说到克隆，人们有不同的看法。
When it comes to cloning, people's ideas differ．
②一些人支持它的发展，因为他们认为它一定能使我们受益。
Some people are in favour of its development, for they believe it will be bound to benefit us．
③克隆有一个好处——患有某种罕见疾病的人在将来可能会被治愈。
Cloning has an advantage that people who suffer a certain rare disease can be cured in the future．
④有些人感觉很沮丧，因为他们认为这在伦理上是不合理的，应该被禁止。
Some feel cast down because they think it is not morally reasonable and should be forbidden．
⑤实际上许多国家从事这个课题并获得重大的突破。
Actually many countries undertake it and obtain great breakthroughs．
⑥我们无法抗拒它。
We are unable to resist it．
⑦我认为，只要所有人都保证合理应用，克隆将会取得成功。
I think cloning will pay off as long as all undertake to use it properly．
2．升级平淡句
(1)用表语从句改写句③
The advantage of cloning is that people who suffer a certain rare disease can be cured in the future.
(2)用高级词汇升级句⑦
In my opinion, cloning will pay off as long as all undertake to use it properly.
3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：so)
When it comes to cloning, people's ideas differ. Some people are in favour of its development, for they believe it will be bound to benefit us. The advantage of cloning is that people who suffer a certain rare disease can be cured in the future. Some feel cast down because they think it is not morally reasonable and should be forbidden. Actually many countries undertake it and obtain great breakthroughs. So we are unable to resist it. In my opinion, cloning will pay off as long as all undertake to use it properly.