2020浙江新高考英语二轮复习教师用书：专题一　阅读理解2第二部分　题型应对策略2第二讲　做出推理和判断——推理判断题

第二讲　做出推理和判断——推理判断题
推理判断题是历年高考英语阅读理解的命题集中点，包括推理和判断两个方面，属于深层理解题。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种：推断隐含意义、推断目的意图、推断文章出处或读者对象、推断观点态度。
高考推理判断题题量统计
考纲解读
年份
浙江卷
(1)推理判断是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。
(2)主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。
(3)推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意思的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。


【考查特点】
Ⅰ.把握推理判断题常见的命题方式：
(1)We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________．
(2)The passage/author implies/suggests that ________．
(3)It can be concluded from the passage that ________．
(4)The main purpose of the passage is ________．
(5)Where does this passage probably come from?
(6)What’s the author’s attitude towards...?
(7)The writer developed the passage/his main idea by ________．
(8)The first/last paragraph serves as a(n) ________．
Ⅱ.掌握推理判断题的考查角度：
(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。
(2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、目标读者。
　推断隐含意义题——逻辑分析得结论
推断隐含意义题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出合情合理的推理和判断，即考生不仅需要读懂原文， 而且还要理解作者的弦外之音。其涉及的内容可能是文中某一句或某几句话，但做题的指导思想都要以文中提供的信息为依据。
常见的设问方式：
◆It can be inferred from the text that ________．
◆It can be concluded from the passage that ________．
◆The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that ________．
◆What can we infer about...?
◆Which of the following statements does the passage support?
◆What does the...paragraph imply?
[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·B片段)Whaley got the idea of this second­grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.
26．We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to ________．
A．help students see their own strengths
B．assess students’ public speaking skills
C．prepare students for their future jobs
D．inspire students’ love for politics

第一步　确定题干中的关键信息
infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project
第二步　定位到原文信息句，并找出体现观点态度的关键句
Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.
第三步　进行合理推断得出答案
Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，更重要的是让他们发现自己的长处，从而树立自信。
自主解答：A

第一步　确定题干中的关键信息。
第二步　在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围，立足原文，再结合语境和生活常识进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。　
　写作意图题——文体特点看意图
通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
常见的设问方式：
◆What is the main purpose of the text?
◆What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
◆What is the purpose/intention of the author in writing this passage?
◆For what purpose did the author write the passage?
◆The writer writes this passage in order to ________．
[典例]　(2018·浙江卷6月·A)In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The steam­powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60，000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half­dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
23．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To remember a great writer.
B．To introduce an English novel.
C．To encourage studies on culture.
D．To promote values of the Victorian age.

第一步　确定题干中关键信息
purpose
第二步　速读文章，试找出相关的关键句
But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
第三步　与选项进行对比得出答案
根据文中对查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的介绍，和文章最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯·狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大的作家。
自主解答：A

写作意图通常有以下三种：
1．to entertain readers/to tell an experience常见于记叙文、个人经历或故事类的文章。
2．to persuade readers/to sell a product or a service/to attract readers or visitors常见于广告。
3．to inform readers/to report/to tell/to describe常见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类的文章，以及劝告类或建议类的文章。　
　观点态度题——依据措辞定态度
高考英语阅读理解对观点态度类的设题越来越灵活，题目难度也有所增加，考查作者对文中人、事、物或内容的观点或态度的题量较多。这对考生对文章的主旨大意和细节的理解提出了更高的要求，考生要利用多种阅读理解的技巧来仔细确定提干的关键信息，借此定位文中的原句并准确推断出答案。
常见的设问方式：
◆How does the author feel about...?
◆What does the author think of...?
◆What is the author’s opinion on/about...?
◆What is the author’s attitude towards/to...?
◆How does the author sound in...paragraph?
◆How does the author sound when telling the story?
◆The author thinks...is ________．
◆The author’s attitude towards...can be described as ________.　
[典例]　(2018·北京卷·D片段)
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self­driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self­driving cars...
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car­controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
50．What is the author’s attitude to the future of self－driving cars?
A．Doubtful.　　　　　　　 ．Positive.
C．Disapproving. ．Sympathetic.

第一步　确定题干中的关键信息
the author’s attitude to the future of self­driving cars
第二步　定位到原文信息句，并找出进行推断的关键句
首段中的Well, the future is apparently now.和尾段中的The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
第三步　进行合理推断得出答案
无人驾驶汽车的时代马上到来，准备好迎接它吧。由此推断作者对无人驾驶汽车的发展持积极乐观的态度。
自主解答：B

1．注意作者或文中人物的措辞：文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。
(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。
(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。
(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。
2．牢记常见有关作者情感态度的词语：
(1)表示支持或肯定：positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；humorous幽默的；enthusiastic热情的；pleasant愉快的。
(2)表示中立：indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的；uninterested不感兴趣的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；not mentioned未提及的。
(3)表示反对或否定：disgusted憎恶的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；suspicious/skeptical怀疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞成的。　
　文章出处或读者对象题——语言特色推出处或读者对象
文章来源题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处和类别。读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象，即作者预定的读者对象是什么人。
常见的设问方式：
◆From which is the text probably taken?
◆In which of the following would this passage most likely be found?
◆The passage is probably taken out of ________．
◆Where would the passage most probably appear?
◆The passage is probably intended for ________．
◆The text is written mainly for ________．
◆Who are the intended readers of the passage?
[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·C片段)As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e­spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low­cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
31．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary. ．A guidebook.
C．A novel. ．A magazine.

第一步　确定题干中的关键信息
likely from
第二步　定位到原文，寻找相关信息
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low­cost device(装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.
第三步　进行合理推断得出答案
根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及关键词researchers，low­cost device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道。科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。
自主解答：D

从文章的内容或结构判断其出处：
1．报纸：前面常会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。
2．广告：格式特殊，容易辨认。
3．产品说明：常含有操作方式、使用方法等。
4．网页：常含有网页的典型用语，如click等。　

(2019·浙江卷6月·B)Money__with__no__strings__attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio­economic(社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took，” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段) shows one man who had found a $20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles，” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.” Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days，” he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
【解题导语】　文章介绍了Tyler Bridges发起的一个项目，让有能力的人捐助钱财，让需要的人自取钱财，而这个项目的宗旨是让人们能够互相帮助。
24．What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Money spent without hesitation.
B．Money not legally made.
C．Money offered without conditions.
D．Money not tied together.
C　解析：句意理解题。根据下文的内容并结合木板上写的“Give What You Can, Take What You Need”可知，附在木板上的钱是可以随意取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C项。
25．What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?
A．Women tended to be more sociable.
B．The activity attracted various people.
C．Economic problems were getting worse.
D．Young couples needed financial assistance.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“People of all ages, races...even had a bride”可推知，作者提到新娘参与该活动来说明参与人员的多样性，故选B项。
26．Why did Bridges carry out the project?
A．To do a test on people’s morals.
B．To raise money for his company.
C．To earn himself a good reputation.
D．To promote kindness and sympathy.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy”并结合全文内容可知，Bridges开展这个活动的目的在于传递“慷慨和同情之心”，故选D项。

一“抓”一“整”找“依据”，巧做推理判断题
1．抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即用某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理。
2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳答案。
3．以事实为依据：推断一定要以文章所提供的事实为依据，不能凭空想象，这样才能做出合理的推断。



A
(2019·杭州诊断)A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.
More than 2，000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild. The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat(栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.
Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik, but villagers started noticing a change in the mid­1990s. More bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s. As more attention was given to the plight(困境) of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.
“The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011，” said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. “Today we’re talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors, many from around the world each year，” Reed said. Most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore. Bruce Inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife­viewing tours, said he’s been offering polar bear tours since 2004. Most of his clients(客户) are from China and Europe, as well as from the lower 48 U．S. states. Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. The villagers have benefited a lot from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。气候变暖导致海冰融化，北极熊登陆，为阿拉斯加的一个小村庄带来了巨大的人气，促进了当地旅游业发展，当地人又用旅游业的收入为北极熊提供积极的保护。
1．What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?
A．Food shortage.
B．Climate change.
C．Habitats’ movement to shore.
D．Their preference for land.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat(栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.”可知，全球变暖加速了海冰融化，破坏了北极熊原本的栖息地，越来越多的北极熊待在陆地上以寻找食物。故选B。
2．How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?
A．Excited.　　　　　　　 B．Puzzled.
C．Concerned. D．Shocked.
C　解析：观点态度题。根据第三段的内容可知，随着越来越多的北极熊出现在陆地上，研究人员、生物学家等也越来越多地关注北极熊所处的这一困境，随后，更多游客前往Kaktovik。由此可推知，大众对更多北极熊登陆现象表示关注。故选C。
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn.
B．Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.
C．Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.
D．Tourism affects the balance of nature.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Most tourists visit in the fall”及“Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels.”可知，大多数游客会选择在秋季去Kaktovik游览，而且很多游客会在这个小村庄待上几天，而这个小村庄只有两个小旅馆，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik的旅馆很抢手。故选A。
4．Which saying can describe the text?
A．The fittest can survive.
B．After a storm comes a calm.
C．There is always opportunity in crisis.
D．Every coin has two sides.
D　解析：推理判断题。通读文章可知，因为全球气候变暖，北极熊被迫登陆来寻找食物以生存下去，这本来是北极熊的困境，然而北极熊登陆却促进了一个小村庄旅游业的发展，这对小村庄来说是一个机遇，同时，村民又利用旅游业的收入为北极熊提供更多保护。因此D项“事物都有两面性”符合语境。故选D。
B
(2019·浙江金丽衢十二校高三联考)The BBC has made its second annual report known since its new charter was established and the broadcaster paints a rather bleak(暗淡的) picture for itself. It highlights the fact that the media landscape(局面)has changed quite rapidly in recent years and will most certainly continue to do so, and it says that the industry is “more and more dominated by a small number of US­based media giants with extraordinary creative and financial firepower”. The BBC added，“Their business models and huge budgets mean we are increasingly being squeezed out of an ever more competitive environment. British creativity and British content are now under real threat.”
However, the broadcaster is determined to do all it can to survive in the ever more digital TV world increasingly controlled by companies like Netflix and Amazon. In that regard, it laid out a few goals for the year that are aimed at keeping the BBC competitive. One focus will be its iPlayer platform. It notes that younger audiences are more frequently choosing Netflix over the BBC and it’s, therefore, making some changes to iPlayer that will hopefully make it a destination itself rather than just a way to catch up on shows viewers have missed. The BBC has already started to introduce personalization into its iPlayer content and going forward. It will work to strengthen the user experience, boost(促进) personalization and add more live content.
But most importantly, the issue comes down to money.“The cost of sports broadcasting rights has skyrocketed while, overall, the cost of ideas and talent has risen fast.”The broadcaster concludes that it has shrunk while the market has continued to grow.“In this context, the BBC’s urgent challenge is to develop new ways to grow our income so that we can keep pace with the market around us, as well as successfully safeguard British content and Britain’s creative track record，” it said.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了英国广播公司正面临激烈的竞争，它不仅要采取措施使自己更加有竞争力，还要保持自己的特色。
5．What situation is the BBC in?
A．It faces severe competition.
B．Its business budgets are huge.
C．It provides bleak pictures.
D．Its creativity has been lost.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“the industry is ‘more and more dominated by a small number of US­based media giants with extraordinary creative and financial firepower’”可知，BBC面临巨大的竞争压力。 故选A。
6．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “dominated” in paragraph 1?
A．Considered.　　　　　　 B．Chosen.
C．Controlled. D．Improved.
C　解析：词义猜测题。根据句意，这个行业“越来越多地被有着非凡的创造力和经济实力的以美国为基础的传媒大鳄所控制”。controlled “控制” 符合句意，故选C。
7．What’s the key measure the BBC has taken to survive?
A．Catching up on programmes.
B．Improving its iPlayer platform.
C．Sharing its iPlayer content.
D．Reducing live shows.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“One focus will be its iPlayer platform.”和“ The BBC has already started to introduce personalization into its iPlayer content and going forward. It will work to...”可知BBC为了生存有竞争力，一个目标就是改善iPlayer平台，且有具体的改善措施。故选B。
8．What can we infer from the last paragraph about the BBC?
A．It tries to develop while keeping its own style.
B．It intends to raise the cost of broadcasting rights.
C．Its challenge is to safeguard the market around.
D．Its ideas of cost and talent have changed rapidly.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In this context, the BBC’s urgent challenge is to develop new ways to grow our income so that we can keep pace with the market around us，as well as successfully safeguard British content and Britain’s creative track record”可知，BBC在保持自己风格的同时也在努力发展自己。故选A。
[长难句分析]　In that regard, it laid out a few goals for the year that are aimed at keeping the BBC competitive.(第二段第二句)
分析：本句是主从复合句。第二个that引导定语从句，修饰a few goals。
译文：在这方面，它为今年制定了一些目标，旨在保持英国广播公司的竞争力。

推理判断题——推断隐含意义题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·绍兴诊断性考试)I’ve been a volunteer in the Macmillan @ Glasgow Libraries programme for just over a year. I got involved because I was looking for something to volunteer for after I retired from work. I thought being a Macmillan Cancer Information and Support Volunteer might be a good way to do that by using some of the skills I learned at work.
At one time, I felt I made a real difference when a lady came in to use the service. She was very upset, but she was not the person with cancer. It was her partner. She had lots of things on her mind. We, together with a counselor, had a chat about her to help deal with all the emotions(情感) she felt. We knew we could arrange something, so we discussed with her what could be done for her family. She was relieved that we could get something arranged for her and liked the fact that we managed to get the ball rolling during her visit.
The good thing about having the services in the library is that the environment is non­clinical and therefore more relaxing than the hospital or doctor’s surgery. The team in the library are not medically trained. That means we do not use big words or medical terms very often.
It’s great that the people who volunteer all work well together, helping each other to get a resolution(解决) for people who come in. It’s good to have the team at the other end of the phone whenever we get something unusual. It is a pleasure to be able to help as a volunteer.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在本文中记叙了自己作为一名志愿者的经历。作者退休后，利用自己的技能去帮助那些需要帮助的人，并从中得到了快乐。
1．What can we infer about the author?
A．He is a retired doctor.
B．He is volunteering in a hospital.
C．He is a counselor in cancer.
D．He has fought against cancer before.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者现在已经退休，而且有医学方面的技能；结合第三段的内容，可以推测出作者是一名退休医生。
2．Why did the lady feel upset?
A．Because she was affected by cancer.
B．Because her husband suffered from cancer.
C．Because she didn’t know how to treat cancer.
D．Because she had a poor relation with her husband.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She was very upset, but she was not the person with cancer. It was her partner.”和“we discussed with her what could be done for her family”可知，这位女士的丈夫得了癌症。注意：此处的“partner”表示“配偶”。
3．What do we know about the volunteers?
A．They do well in teamwork.
B．They receive medical training.
C．They all used to be helped.
D．They often meet unusual things.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的首句“It’s great that the people who volunteer all work well together, helping each other to get a resolution(解决) for people who come in.”可知，所有的志愿者都能很好地共同工作，彼此帮助，为来求助的人提供好的解决方案。由此推知，他们具有很强的团队意识，善于团队合作。
4．Why does the author write this text?
A．To call on readers to do voluntary work.
B．To show us how to help those in trouble.
C．To share his experiences as a volunteer.
D．To teach us how to take care of cancer patients.
C　解析：写作意图题。综合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述的是作者的志愿者经历。因此，作者写作的目的也就是要分享他作为志愿者的经历。
B
A woman grasped her phone to her heart the way a minister might hold a Bible. She was anxious to take a picture of a bunch of flowers that sat not 10 feet away, but first she had to get through a crowd of others pushing to do the same. The cause of this was Bouquets to Art, one of the most popular annual events at the de Young Museum in San Francisco. For the 34th year, artists were asked to create flower bunches that respond to pieces of art on display, from ancient carvings to contemporary sculptures. It’s time to take a photo to post on Instagram, but to the point that it has become a problem.
In recent years, the de Young received more than a thousand complaints from people who felt that cell phones had ruined their experience. In fact, institutions of fine art around the world face similar problems as the desire to take photographs becomes a huge draw for museums as well as something that upsets some of their visitors. So the de Young responded with a kind of compromise: carving out “photo free” hours during the exhibition’s six­day run.
One common complaint in the ongoing debates over the effect of social media on museum culture is that people seem to be missing out on experiences because they are so busy collecting evidence of them. A recent study in the journal Psychological Science suggests there is some truth to this; it found that people who took photos of an exhibit rather than simply observing it had a harder time remembering what they saw. But the issue is complicated for the professionals running museums. Linda Butler, the de Young’s head of marketing, communications and visitor experience, acknowledges that not everyone wants a museum to be “a photo­taking playland”. Yet a lot of other people do, and she thinks that the de Young is in no position to judge that one motivation for buying a $28 ticket is more valid than another. “If we removed social media and photography，” she says, “we would risk becoming less popular.” If this is a battle, signs indicate that the pro­phone crowd(亲手机人群) has already won.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍de Young博物馆收到了很多关于在展馆内拍照的投诉，对此博物馆管理方作出回应，最终采取了一个折中的办法，即在展期内抽出“自由拍照”时间。
5．What were the crowd eager to do in paragraph 1?
A．To hold a Bible.
B．To admire flowers.
C．To take a photo.
D．To see the exhibition.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“She was anxious to take a picture of a bunch of flowers that sat not 10 feet away, but first she had to get through a crowd of others pushing to do the same.”可推知，人们都在忙于拍照。故正确答案为C。
6．How did the de Young respond to the complaints?
A．By setting periods without photo­taking.
B．By making the exhibition free of charge.
C．By compromising with other institutions.
D．By giving extra time to take photos freely.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“So the de Young responded with a kind of compromise: carving out ‘photo free’ hours during the exhibition’s six­day run.”可知，管理方规定在特定时间内不许拍照。故正确答案为A。
7．What can we infer about the use of social media in museums according to the recent study?
A．It uncovers the truth.
B．It accumulates evidence.
C．It causes complaints.
D．It plays a negative role.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“One common complaint in the ongoing debates over the effect of social media on museum culture is that people seem to be missing out on experiences because they are so busy collecting evidence of them.”及语境可推知，最近研究表明，在博物馆中使用社交媒介起到了负面作用。故正确答案为D。
8．Which of the following may Linda Butler support?
A．Catering to visitors.
B．Reducing admission prices.
C．Reserving judgement in public.
D．Banning social media and photography.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“‘If we removed social media and photography，’ she says, ‘we would risk becoming less popular.’”可推知，Linda Butler支持迎合游客的做法。故正确答案为A。
[长难句分析]　One common complaint in the ongoing debates over the effect of social media on museum culture is that people seem to be missing out on experiences because they are so busy collecting evidence of them.(第三段第一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that引导表语从句；because引导原因状语从句。
译文：在关于社交媒介对博物馆文化产生的影响的持续争论中，一个普遍的抱怨是人们似乎忽略了这种艺术体验，因为他们忙于收集(他们来过的)证据。
C
Technology offers conveniences such as opening the garage door from your car or changing the television station without touching the TV.
Now one American company is offering its employees a new convenience: a microchip implanted in their hands. Employees who have these chips can do all kinds of things just by waving their hands. Three Square Market is offering to implant microchips in all of their employees for free. Each chip costs $300 and Three Square Market will pay for the chip. Employees can volunteer to have the chips implanted in their hands. About 70 out of 80 employees have chosen to do so. The president of the company, his wife and their children are also getting chips implanted in their hands.
The chip is about the size of a grain of rice. Implanting the chip only takes about a second and is said to hurt only very briefly. The chips go under the skin between the thumb and forefinger. With a chip in the hand, a person can enter the office building, buy food, sign into computers and more, simply by waving that hand near a scanner. The chips will be also used to identify employees. Employees who want convenience, but do not want to have a microchip implanted under their skin, can wear a wristband or a ring with a chip instead. They can perform the same tasks with a wave of their hands as if they had an implanted chip.
Three Square Market is the first company in the United States to offer to implant chips in its employees. Epicenter, a company in Sweden, has been implanting chips in its employees for a while.
Three Square Market says the chip cannot track the employees. The company says scanners can read the chips only when they are within a few inches of them. “The chips protect against identity theft, similar to credit cards.” The U．S. Food and Drug Administration approved the chips back in 2004, so they should be safe for humans, according to the company.
In the future, people with the chips may be able to do more with them, even outside the office. Todd Westby is Chief Executive Officer of Three Square Market. He says, “Eventually, this technology will become standardized allowing you to use this as your passport, public transit, all purchasing opportunities, etc.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国一家公司通过给员工手里植入一种芯片的方式来提高员工的工作效率，还介绍了该芯片的有关情况以及人们对它的看法。
9．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．The substitutes of the chips.
B．The potential risks of implanting the chips.
C．The places to implant the chips.
D．The advantages of the chips.
D　解析：段落大意题。通读本段可知，本段主要介绍了植入芯片后的好处，如方便购物、识别员工身份等。故D项正确。
10．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A．The hands.　　　　　　 B．The scanners.
C．The employees. D．The credit cards.
B　解析：代词指代题。根据第五段中的“the chip cannot track the employees. The company says scanners can read the chips only when they are within a few inches of them．”可知，芯片不能跟踪员工，但当芯片在距离扫描仪几英寸之内时，扫描仪就能读取芯片的信息。由此可推知，画线词指代扫描仪。故B项正确。
11．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The chips have magic powers.
B．The price of the chips is reasonable.
C．The chips are very popular among the employees.
D．Most people suspect the application of the chips.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句“About 70 out of 80 employees have chosen to do so.”可推知，该芯片很受员工的欢迎。故C项正确。
12．Which of the following best describes Todd Westby’s attitude towards the chips?
A．Defensive. B．Disappointing.
C．Casual. D．Optimistic.
D　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段第三句“He says, ‘Eventually, this technology will become standardized allowing you to use this as your passport, public transit, all purchasing opportunities, etc.’”可知，Todd Westby 认为芯片技术将最终将成为你生活中的好帮手。由此可推知，他对芯片的态度非常乐观。故D项正确。
[长难句分析]　Employees who want convenience, but do not want to have a microchip implanted under their skin, can wear a wristband or a ring with a chip instead.(第三段倒数第二句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词Employees。
译文：想要方便，但又不想在皮肤下植入芯片的员工，可以戴上带有芯片的腕带或戒指。
推理判断题——观点态度题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·衢州、福州、丽水三地教学质量检测)On a recent afternoon, some 60 years after they graduated from grammar school, Kathleen Rys, 72, and her sister Lorraine O’Kelly, 70, sat down and had a meal with a classmate, Bruce Smit, 71, for the first time.
In the 1950s, Lorraine and Kathleen Rys’ family moved from Chicago to Monee. As new kids at Monee Elementary School, they soon found themselves on the outs with other students.
“I would be with the other guys and see Kathleen walking down the hallway, her head down, holding her books, walking slowly. And all of us guys would lean against the wall until she passed. Then we’d burst into laughter. How rude is that? It’s just crazy，” said Bruce, a doctor whose wife, Tammy, organized the meeting.
The women said none of the teachers cared about it. “We just kept it to ourselves，” Lorraine said.
Over the years, Tammy Smit said, “Bruce would just start to cry at times. He’d wonder what happened to the sisters, if they led a good life.” One day a few weeks ago, Tammy took to the Internet and found Mary O’Kelly, Lorraine’s daughter, and offered to set up a meeting. The idea of revisiting the pain was not well­received by Kathleen, who had never married, let alone gone on a date. It took some convincing, but Lorraine finally got Kathleen to agree to meet with Bruce.
Bruce broke into tears. “I’m so ashamed, so embarrassed，” he said. “But I’m so happy that you’re still here and that I can finally apologize.” He said he hoped his apology would encourage others to seek forgiveness for the pain they had made on others. Lorraine said, “This is a beautiful thing. It’s just wonderful that a person can ask for forgiveness after about 60 years. It’s like a miracle to us. It’s healing to us.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。大约六十年前，Kathleen Rys和她的妹妹Lorraine O’Kelly转学到一所新学校，不料遭到了同班同学的嘲笑。多年以后，班里的男生Bruce Smit感到非常后悔，其妻子在网上找到这对姐妹的信息后，为他们安排了一次会面。Bruce Smit向她们道了歉，这对姐妹也原谅了他……
1．What can we learn from the first three paragraphs?
A．Kathleen made her classmates afraid of her at school.
B．Kathleen was once hurt by her classmates at school.
C．Bruce Smit asked his wife to organize the meeting.
D．Bruce Smit spoke ill of Kathleen.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And all of us guys would lean against the wall until she passed. Then we’d burst into laughter. How rude is that？”可知，Bruce和其他男生都紧靠着墙，直到Kathleen走过去，然后他们突然大笑起来，这是非常无礼的；并结合前两段内容可推知，Kathleen曾经受到同班同学的伤害，故B项正确。
2．What does the underlined word “it” in the 4th paragraph probably refer to?
A．The guys’ meeting.　　 B．Kathleen’s slow pace.
C．The guys’ apology. D．Kathleen’s suffering.
D　解析：代词指代题。根据第三段中的“And all of us guys would lean against the wall until she passed. Then we’d burst into laughter. How rude is that？”可知，Bruce和其他男生都紧靠着墙，直到Kathleen走过去，然后他们突然大笑起来，这是非常无礼的；并结合第四段中的“The women said none of the teachers cared about it．”和“We just kept it to ourselves”可知，没有任何老师对此表示关心，她们也不对别人说；据此可推知，it指代Kathleen因受到同班同学的嘲笑而遭受的精神上的痛苦，故D项正确。
3．How did Kathleen first feel about the meeting?
A．Angry. B．Excited.
C．Anxious. D．Unwilling.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段倒数第二句“The idea of revisiting the pain was not well­received by Kathleen, who had never married, let alone gone on a date.”可知，Kathleen不想接受重新体验痛苦的建议，她从未结过婚，更不用说约过会了；据此可推知，对于三人的会面，Kathleen一开始是不愿意接受的，故D项正确。
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Bruce was embarrassed about his apology.
B．The other guys apologized to the two sisters.
C．Bruce and the two sisters felt a sense of relief.
D．Lorraine thought the apology came a little late.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中Bruce所说的话“But I’m so happy that you’re still here and that I can finally apologize.”可知，Bruce对能有机会向她们道歉感到很高兴；根据最后一段中Lorraine所说的话“This is a beautiful thing. It’s just wonderful that a person can ask for forgiveness after about 60 years. It’s like a miracle to us. It’s healing to us.”可知，Lorraine认为大约60年前嘲笑过她们的人能请求原谅是一件美好的事情；据此可推知，这次会面让三人都感到宽慰，故C项正确。
[长难句分析]　He said he hoped his apology would encourage others to seek forgiveness for the pain they had made on others.(最后一段第四句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“he hoped his apology would encourage others to seek forgiveness for the pain they had made on others”为省略了that的宾语从句，作said的宾语；其中“his apology would encourage others to seek forgiveness for the pain they had made on others”为省略了that的宾语从句，作hoped的宾语，该宾语从句中的“they had made on others” 为定语从句，修饰先行词the pain。
译文：他说，他希望他的道歉将鼓励其他人为他们给别人造成的痛苦寻求原谅。
B
Although the idea of “zero emission, and sustainable(可持续的) development” was promoted worldwide, most cities are at a loss what to do or even some have objected to it. But in Liuzhou, a city in southern China, attitudes could not be more different.
The Liuzhou Municipality Urban Planning Bureau has signed up Italian architect Stefano Boeri, the father of the forest city movement, to build a self­contained community for up to 30，000 people. He is the go­to man for such projects thanks to the success of his “vertical forests”， two residential(住宅的) towers. Completed in 2014, they remove up to 17.5 tons of soot(煤烟) from the air each year, and a year later one of them was named Best Tall Building Worldwide.
The Liuzhou project is a much more ambitious undertaking, however. Its homes, hospitals, hotels, schools and offices will be built on a 340­acre site in what Boeri calls the first attempt to create an “urban environment that is really trying to find a balance with nature”. Its 100 species of plant life are expected to absorb almost 10，000 tons of carbon dioxide and 57 tons of pollutants per year, while at the same time producing 900 tons of life­giving oxygen.
Although the architects haven’t published the cost of the forest city, the Milan towers cost only five percent more than traditional skyscrapers.
The construction of his forest city at Liuzhou is set to begin in 2020, and there is still a great deal of planning and research required before a projected completion date can be set. However, Boeri remains optimistic about the project and has confidence in the soundness of his vision：“I really think that bringing forests into the city is a way to deal with global warming.”
【解题导语】　为了改善空气质量，中国委托米兰建筑师Stefano Boeri为柳州市建造一座可以容纳3万人的森林城市。
5．What’s Liuzhou’s attitude towards the sustainable development?
A．Approving. B．Cautious.
C．Unfavorable. D．Doubtful.
A　解析：观点态度题。根据第一段可知，多数城市对待可持续发展的观点都是茫然不知所措，甚至有些城市还持反对意见。然而柳州市对待可持续发展的态度完全不同。所以可以看出柳州市对待可持续发展的态度是“支持的”。A.赞成的，支持的；B.小心的，谨慎的；C.不利的，不赞成的；D.怀疑的。故A项符合题意。
6．Why is Stefano employed for the Liuzhou project?
A．He volunteered to do the project.
B．He is a famous architect in the world.
C．He is the father of the forest recovery.
D．He has gained experience in similar projects.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He is the go­to man for such projects thanks to the success of his ‘vertical forests’， two residential(住宅的) towers.”可知，他设计的“垂直森林”——两栋住宅建筑的成功使得他成为此类项目的不二人选。所以可以推断出柳州项目签约Stefano Boeri的原因是“他已经有类似工程的经验”，故选D。
7．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The architects. B．The two towers.
C．Forests in the city. D．The residents of the city.
B　解析：代词指代题。根据画线词所在的句子可知，完工于2014年，它们每年可以去除空气中17.5吨的煤烟。所以可以推断出此处的they指代的是前句中的“两栋住宅楼”。A.建筑师们；B.两栋住宅楼；C.城市里的森林；D.城市居民。故选B。
8．What’s the purpose of Liuzhou project?
A．To provide more jobs.
B．To bring forest into city.
C．To solve house shortage.
D．To improve the environment.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Boeri对这个项目充满信心，他认为把森林引入城市中是一种应对全球变暖的方法。所以可以推断出柳州工程的目的是“改善环境”，故选D。
[长难句分析]　Although the idea of “zero emission and sustainable(可持续的) development” was promoted worldwide, most cities are at a loss what to do or even some have objected to it.(第一段第一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“Although the idea of ‘zero emission and sustainable(可持续的) development’ was promoted worldwide”为although引导的让步状语从句。
译文：尽管“零排放与可持续发展”的理念在世界范围内得到推广，但大多数城市都处于不知所措的状态，甚至有些城市反对这个理念。
C
Endless queues and long waits at the ticket inspection desks at China’s major train stations were the signature of the Spring Festival travel rush before 2018. Every year, as the country’s biggest national holiday unfolded, a huge flow of travelers would leave staff at the check­in desks facing a dilemma.
But with the installment(安装) of artificial intelligence(AI) in dozens of train stations in 2018, including a facial recognition system which is able to process passenger identification within five seconds and therefore speed up the waiting process, busy scenes started to become something of the past.
When a passenger approaches the camera inside the facial recognition system at the station, it scans his face and then quickly compares it with the photograph shown on his identification card in real time. If the information matches, the barrier gates will open and allow the passenger to go through.
Such use of facial recognition technology is in line with discussions heard at the recent two sessions meeting, a key annual political event, which focused on the widespread application of a security network named Tianwang(“Sky Net” in English) currently being used by China’s public security department.
The network, according to reports by the People’s Daily, has the potential to recognize the facial features of anyone in the world and match them on the spot with photographs on a database of criminal suspects. In fact, it can analyze photographic identity so quickly that it can scan every single Chinese face on the planet in just one second, and it would only take two seconds to scan every face in the world, with an accuracy rate of up to 99.8 percent.
Those are just two examples that highlight the development of Chinese visual AI technology, which industry insiders predict could contribute to powerful growth in the global technology sector this year.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了可视AI技术在中国的重要应用。
9．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the following topic of the passage.
B．To describe the Spring Festival.
C．To inform readers of the development of China.
D．To explain the dilemma of the staff.
A　解析：写作意图题。根据第一段及对全文的整体理解可推知，作者写第一段是为了导入本文主题，即AI技术在现实生活中的应用。
10．What’s the solution to the Spring Festival travel rush?
A．Using artificial intelligence.
B．Opening more barrier gates.
C．Limiting the number of passengers.
D．Increasing more staff at the check­in desks.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据对第二段的整体理解可知，AI技术的应用使中国春节车站人流拥堵的场景开始成为过去，即问题得以解决。
11．What can we know about facial recognition technology?
A．Its application leads to a heated discussion.
B．Its application is useless to policemen.
C．Its operating speed is not yet high enough.
D．Its accuracy rate is very high.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“with an accuracy rate of up to 99.8 percent”可知，人脸识别技术的准确率很高，高达99.8%。
12．What’s the author’s attitude towards Chinese visual AI technology?
A．Depressed.　　　　　　　 B．Positive.
C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.
B　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段和对全文的整体理解可知，中国可视AI技术的应用解决了中国春节车站人流拥堵问题，同时也被应用于公安系统，由此可推知，作者对中国可视AI技术持积极的态度。
[长难句分析]　Those are just two examples that highlight the development of Chinese visual AI technology, which industry insiders predict could contribute to powerful growth in the global technology sector this year.(最后一段)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that和which 分别引导定语从句，都在从句中作主语。
译文：这仅仅是两个例子，其强调了中国可视人工智能技术的发展；业内人士预测说，这可能有助于今年全球在这方面技术的强有力发展。
推理判断题——写作意图题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·杭州四校联考)I decided to ski to the North Pole. It was after I saw an advertisement in a newspaper looking for people to join a team to ski 350 miles to the North Pole. Back in 1996, there had never been a woman from the UK who had accomplished this challenge. I wondered what it would be like to survive in temperatures cold enough to freeze your flesh in seconds, so I sent off for the application form.
The application form full of pictures of male explorers arrived. The words “Are you man enough for the ultimate(极限的) challenge？” made me angry and even more determined to get on the team.
Over 500 individuals applied for a place in the team, and the selection process included physical and psychological tests designed to pick the best group. In one test, there was a huge rope ladder we had to climb, and I froze at the top because I have a fear of heights. I thought my hopes were fading as most other applicants sailed past, leaving me behind. But two others helped me over, and later I found out that the organizers were not looking for amazing individuals, but great team players, and this moment had shown them who would take care of others in the team.
I had revealed(显示) my weakness, and in a place like the Arctic, you have to be yourself, as there is nowhere to hide. These personalities of asking for help and showing weakness are necessary for women to master.
I realized that by being myself, I could succeed. I was selected for the team. I realized that I could achieve more than I ever imagined—more importantly, by sharing my story with others, I could inspire them to take a step into the new world and reveal more of their abilities.
【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了作者申请加入去北极的滑雪队，并成功加入的故事。
1．How did the author react on seeing the advertisement?
A．She got cross.　　　　　 B．She was determined.
C．She got frightened. D．She was uninterested.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据对第一段的整体理解，尤其是第一二句“I decided to ski to the North Pole. It was after I saw an advertisement in a newspaper looking for people to join a team to ski 350 miles to the North Pole.”可知，作者看到这则广告后就下定决心要滑雪去北极。
2．What did the organizers view as the most important in the selection of new hands?
A．Personal quality. B．Individual ability.
C．Spirit of teamwork. D．Courage to challenge.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“But two others helped me over, and later I found out that the organizers were not looking for amazing individuals, but great team players, and this moment had shown them who would take care of others in the team.”可推知，团队组织者挑选新队员时认为最重要的一点就是队员们要有团队合作精神。
3．What does the author think of women’s showing weakness?
A．Beneficial. B．Shameful.
C．Merciful. D．Disturbing.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是第二句“These personalities of asking for help and showing weakness are necessary for women to master.”可推知，女性展示软弱是有用的。
4．What’s the intention of the author in writing this passage?
A．To inspire us to prepare for our future goal.
B．To advise women how to turn to others.
C．To make suggestions to her team members.
D．To encourage people to explore the unknown.
D　解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句“I realized that I could achieve more than I ever imagined—more importantly, by sharing my story with others, I could inspire them to take a step into the new world and reveal more of their abilities.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们去探索未知的世界。
[长难句分析]　I wondered what it would be like to survive in temperatures cold enough to freeze your flesh in seconds, so I sent off for the application form.(第一段最后一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“what it would be like...in seconds”为what 引导的宾语从句，作wondered的宾语，其中cold enough...in seconds作temperatures的定语；本句中又包含了一个so引导的结果状语从句。
译文：我想知道在几秒钟就能冷得把人的肉体冻住的温度下如何生存，所以我写信索要申请表。
B
Public libraries are an excellent resource for research, literacy(读写能力) education, and reading­centered events. Most towns have one or share library services with other towns through a mobile library, and the use of a public library is free to people who are willing to apply for a library card.
There are several primary sources of library funding(资金), starting with national funds which are distributed to states or provinces. These regions send the funds on to public libraries. Local governments also play an important role in providing funding for libraries, and most librarians apply for grants(拨款). Finally, private donations help to maintain libraries—most libraries have an association of Friends of the Library which organizes fund­raising sales and pays annual dues to help maintain the library.
Grants and private donations can also be used to provide a large amount of funding for public libraries, and some large libraries maintain a separate staff member to increase the amount of funding that they can obtain through these sources. Grants include technology grants which allow libraries to install and upgrade computer systems, grants which focus on a particular topic such as science, fiction, children’s books, or local history, and education grants which support locally­based community efforts such as after­school reading programs. Many private donors are pleased to support their local public libraries by donating funds or including some library in their wills, and libraries reward their donors with treats like after­hours visits or privileged access to special collections.
By combining multiple resources, creative librarians can keep their libraries useful, informative, and fun for browsers. When it comes to supporting public libraries, every little bit counts: if you cannot afford to donate to a local library, think about volunteering time to help shelve books, lead after­school programs, or organize fund­raisers. Being active with your public library is a very important way to contribute to your local community.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了图书馆资金的几个主要来源。
5．How many main sources of library funding are mentioned?
A．Two.　　　　　　　 B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，图书馆资金来源主要有三个：国家资金；当地政府的拨款；私人捐款。
6．How is the funding made use of according to the text?
A．By exploring more about history.
B．By developing a scientific computer system.
C．By holding after­school activities for students.
D．By enriching special collections for the donors.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“education grants which support locally­based community efforts such as after­school reading programs”可知，有些资金用于为学生举办一些课外活动。
7．What does the underlined word “browsers” refer to in the last paragraph?
A．Viewers in the library.
B．Programs used to view documents.
C．People running the library.
D．Donors visiting the library regularly.
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“By combining multiple resources, creative librarians can keep their libraries useful, informative, and fun for browsers．”可知，通过组合多种资源，有创造力的图书馆馆长可以使他们的图书馆有用、信息丰富并且对于browsers来说有趣。故可推知browsers应是去图书馆的人。故答案为A。
8．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To stress the value of public libraries.
B．To appeal for donation to local libraries.
C．To introduce sources of public library funding.
D．To show the procedure of funding libraries.
C　解析：写作意图题。本文主要介绍了图书馆资金的几个主要来源，故答案为C。
[长难句分析]　Grants include technology grants which allow libraries to install and upgrade computer systems, grants which focus on a particular topic such as science, fiction, children’s books, or local history, and education grants which support locally­based community efforts such as after­school reading programs.(第三段第二句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干是Grants include technology grants, grants and education grants，句中有三个which引导的定语从句。
译文：拨款包括让图书馆安装和更新电脑系统的技术拨款，关注某个特定话题，如科学、小说、儿童图书或当地历史的拨款和支持当地社区活动如课外读书项目的教育拨款。
C
At 9：30 a．m. on a Wednesday morning, I received a notification(通知) that I’d already picked up my phone 30 times that day! “11 left until you go over your goal of 41 pickups，” my screen read. “Put your phone down until 9：52 a．m.! Enjoy your time living in the moment.”
These updates were sent via Moment, an app that tracks the screen time, created by Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction. He was working as an independent app developer, spending hours each day staring at screens. After work, Holesh found that he was looking mindlessly online instead of talking to his wife or taking his dogs for a walk.
“I wanted a way of seeing how much time I was sinking into my phone，” he said. “So I came up with something that could monitor my screen time.” Holesh found that he was spending 75 minutes on his phone a day. He added a function to the app that informed him whenever his screen time was more than 40 minutes. “My phone would make a sound like a bee, and I’d go and do something else. It was like something pushing me in the right direction，” he said. Holesh figured that if the system worked for him, it would work for others, and later that year he made Moment a free app. To date, it has been downloaded 8 million times.
Besides, Moment also has a “coach” function, offering guided programs to help users focus and be more productive, for $7.99 a month.
“I am so much happier, I sleep better, I read more, I take better care of myself, and most of all I am present in my day­to­day life，” Jack, a user said. Similar comments on Moment reflect a growing consciousness around “digital wellness”， the name given to lifestyle practices that encourage healthy device use.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种名为“Moment”的手机软件，该软件可以对超时使用手机的人发出提醒，让人们合理使用设备。本文主要介绍了这款软件的发明过程和功能，以及用户对它的评价。
9．What does the inspiration of Moment come from?
A．The creator’s own experience.
B．The sound made by honey bees.
C．Complaints from family members.
D．The widespread digital addiction.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“These updates were sent via Moment, an app that tracks the screen time, created by Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction.”，并结合该段其他内容和第三段可知，该软件的发明源于Kevin Holesh自己的经历，故A项正确。
10．What does Moment do at the expected screen time?
A．Monitor the screen and keep a record.
B．Make a noise to remind the user.
C．Turn off the phone immediately.
D．Force the user to take a rest.
B　解析：细解理解题。根据第三段中的“He added a function to the app that informed him whenever his screen time was more than 40 minutes.”“My phone would make a sound like a bee, and I’d go and do something else.”可知，如果超时使用手机，则这款软件会使手机发出声音来提醒使用者，故B项正确。
11．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A．Persuade readers to buy the app.
B．Provide readers with some advice.
C．Recommend a coach to the readers.
D．Introduce more information of the app.
D　解析：写作意图题。根据第四段的内容可知，该软件还具有“教练”功能，提供一些指导方案，让用户注意力集中，更有效率，并结合上文介绍的该软件的超时使用手机的提醒功能可推知，在第四段作者旨在介绍该软件的更多信息，故D项正确。
12．In which part of a website will you find this text?
A．Fashion and Business.
B．Sports and Entertainment.
C．Health and Lifestyle.
D．Art and Design.
C　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款名为“Moment”的手机软件，该软件可以对超时使用手机的人发出提醒，让人们合理使用设备，拥有更有益于健康的生活方式。据此可推知，本文最有可能摘自“健康和生活方式”版块，故C项正确。
[长难句分析]　These updates were sent via Moment, an app that tracks the screen time, created by Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction.(第二段第一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“an app that tracks the screen time”作Moment的同位语，其中又包含了that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“an app”；“created...addiction”作Moment的后置定语，其中又包含了一个动词不定式作目的状语。
译文：这些最新消息经由Moment发送，它是一款跟踪屏幕时间的软件，由Kevin Holesh在2014年开发来抵抗他自己对设备的入迷。
推理判断题——文章出处或读者对象题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·宁波重点中学教学质量评估)
Long Island Events
Crafternoon
Saturday, March 30,
1：00 PM－3：00 PM
Emma Clark Library, 120
Main Street
Setauket, NY 11733
The March “Crafternoon”
at Emma Clark Library is a hatching bird pop­up craft.
Stop by Saturday, March
30 anytime between 1：00
PM－3：00 PM for this free craft! No registration. Welcome all kids. If you have any question, please
email kids@emmaclark.
org.
Rolling River Day Camp Family Day
Saturday, April 13
12：00 PM－2：00 PM
477 Ocean Avenue
East Rockaway, Oceanside，
NY 11518
Now is the time to learn more about Camp 2019 Prospective Family Day! Bring your family to Rolling River Day Camp’s Family Day—a unique opportunity for children to get a taste of camp while parents attend an interactive information session. All families who sign up for Camp 2019 that day will receive a free gift. You must preregister to attend.
The Flower & Garden Show
March 7－24, 8：00 AM－6：00 PM
Hicks Nurseries
Westbury, NY 11590
Head to Hicks Nurseries in Westbury if your kids want to know of the hottest trends, ideas and products for spring gardening. The Spring Flower & Garden Show, 8：00 AM to 6：00 PM daily, beginning on March 7 and running through March 24, offers a variety
of free workshops,
seminars and activities
intended for kids
interested in gardening. ADMISSION
Free.
Super Bowl “Saturday”Saturday, February 2，
2：00 PM－4：00 PM
Emma Clark Library, 120 Main Street
Setauket, NY 11733
Kick off the Super Bowl
weekend with football­themed festivities on Saturday, February 2.Simply drop into the Children’s Department at Emma Clark Library between the hours of 2：00 PM－4：00 PM. Play games and enter for a chance to win a special prize. The Library staff encourages visitors to wear a shirt with their favorite football team. Be sure to catch the fun! There is no registration, and families with kids of all ages are welcome.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文，介绍了长岛的一些亲子活动项目，活动的时间、地点和活动内容均已附上。
1．What is required to attend Rolling River Day Camp Family Day?
A．To give away a gift.
B．To register in advance.
C．To sign up for a training session.
D．To have a good knowledge of camp.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二则广告中提及的“You must preregister to attend.”可知，如果想参加该活动，要提前报名。
2．For those fond of growing plants, when can they choose to join in an event?
A．March 30.　　　　　　　 B．April 13.
C．March 17. D．February 2.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息“fond of growing plants”可以把解题线索定位在第三则广告中，根据该广告提及的活动时间“8：00 AM to 6：00 PM daily, beginning on March 7 and running through March 24”可知，3月7日至3月24日期间，植物爱好者每天都可以参加这项活动。结合所给的四个选项可知选C项。
3．Who might be interested in this text?
A．Students on holidays.
B．People of all ages.
C．Outdoor sports lovers.
D．Families with children.
D　解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文中所有的活动都是针对孩子和家长设计的。因此，对本文感兴趣的对象应是有孩子的家庭。故选D项。
B
With its snow­covered mountains and a variety of wildlife, Yellowstone National Park is one of the scenic treasures of the United States. Located primarily in Wyoming, the park hosts millions of visitors every year. If you plan to travel within the park, keep in mind the advice from the National Park Service.
Seasonal Travel
Travel varies vastly from season to season. Roads are generally open in the summer except for cases of rock or mud slides, wild fires, accidents or road construction. Early snows in the fall can cause some roads to close temporarily. In the winter almost all roads are closed to motor vehicles, but snowmobiles and other snow vehicles with tracks are allowed. Roads begin to open in the spring by the latter part of April but may close if snowfall continues.
Driving Time
Grand Loop Road is the main road through Yellowstone National Park, and it passes by most of the major attractions. These include Old Faithful, Yellowstone Lake and the Grand Canyon of Yellowstone. The maximum speed limit on the Grand Loop is 45 miles per hour, but the speed limit drops during some of the winding and twisty sections of this narrow road. Allow yourself at least two days to fully travel the loop due to the size of the park and occasionally heavy traffic.
Safety Awareness
Buffaloes often block the roads in the park as they migrate through the fields. If a herd is traveling across the road you are on, you can either wait for them to pass or find an alternative route. If you get out of your vehicle, you should stay at least 25 yards from any buffalo (and 100 yards or more away from bears and wolves). Buffaloes are particularly unpredictable and charge people at speeds up to 30 mph.
You can take your bicycle on any public roads and routes designed for bikes, but bicycles are not allowed on the park roads which are narrow with few shoulders. Elevations range from 5，300 to 8，860 feet. The National Park Service recommends that cyclists wear helmets and noticeable clothing.
【解题导语】　本文介绍了美国黄石国家公园的服务中心为参观者提供的几条建议。
4．What is TRUE about traveling in the Yellowstone Park?
A．Roads will stay open in spite of emergency.
B．Traffic jam is actually a rare thing.
C．The driving speed on the road can be 50 mph.
D．Motor vehicles are allowed in the winter.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据Seasonal Travel 部分中的第二句可知，发生岩崩或泥石流、森林火灾、事故或道路建设时，道路不开放。故A项(尽管有紧急情况，道路也会开放)是错误的。根据Driving Time部分中的第三句可知，主路限速45英里/小时，在窄路的弯道处限速更低，故C项错误。根据Seasonal Travel部分中的第四句可知，冬天几乎所有道路都不对摩托车开放，故D项错误。根据Driving Time部分最后一句中的“occasionally heavy traffic”可知，黄石公园很少有堵车情况。故选B项。
5．What safety advice does the National Park Service offer?
A．Under no circumstances could you get out of the car.
B．Keep going forward when coming across buffaloes.
C．Do wear easy­to­see clothes while bicycling.
D．Bicycling is forbidden on the public roads.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据关键词safety可定位到文中Safety Awareness部分；再根据该部分最后一段的最后一句可知，服务中心建议骑手戴安全帽、穿显眼的衣服。故选C项。
6．Where can you probably find this article?
A．In a guidebook.
B．In a geography textbook.
C．In a research paper.
D．In a commercial advertisement.
A　解析：文章出处题。根据第一段最后一句可知，本文介绍了黄石国家公园服务中心为游客提供的几条建议，故可推知，本文应摘自旅游指南手册。故选A项。
C
The Arctic Circle—the habitat of polar bears and decreasing sea ice at the top of the world—hit 32 degrees Celsius last week.
This was the temperature in Banak, Norway on July 30, though some Norwegian areas even reached a couple degrees warmer, according to the European Severe Weather Database. Banak sits atop northern Europe, over 350 miles above the bottom edge of the Arctic Circle.
The Northern Hemisphere and Europe itself have been repeatedly scorched by both record and near­record temperatures this summer as a consequence of overall rising global temperatures.
In the past 40 years, Earth’s climate has experienced an accelerated warming trend, which adds an extra level of background warming to hot spells—making heatwaves more extreme, climate scientists have said.
A photo of what appears to be Scandinavian folks taking a dip in a river while reindeer—the cold­adapted herbivores(食草动物)—cooled off in the water beside them is perhaps the best example of just how hot it is in parts of the Arctic Circle right now.
The “warm season” in Banak is short, lasting around three months, but the very warmest day of the year, around July 23, is usually around 62 degrees Fahrenheit(华氏度)—about 30 degrees cooler than temperatures there now. Overall, temperatures in northern Europe are between 14 to 21 degrees Fahrenheit, －10 to －6 degrees Celsius above average.
All­time temperature records were set in both Norway and Finland on July 30, including 86 degrees Fahrenheit, 30 degrees Celsius, in Cape Verde, near Banak, though extreme or near­record temperatures blanketed the region.
Persistent heat and dryness this summer have transformed normally green European countries into brown and yellow lands, and the continent’s extreme heat is expected to persist.
Andrew Derocher, a professor at the University of Alberta who studies polar bears, said climate change is shrinking the ice bears usually hunt on, making them faced with the danger of extinction.
【解题导语】　由于全球变暖的速度不断加快，作为北极熊栖息地的北极圈现在也面临着温度升高的状况。这样的环境变化对于北极熊的生存有很大威胁。
7．Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “scorched” in paragraph 3?
A．Burned. B．Achieved.
C．Scored. D．Reached.
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段“The Northern Hemisphere and Europe itself have been repeatedly scorched by both record and near­record temperatures...”可知，今年夏天，由于全球气温总体上升，北半球和欧洲自身不断受到创纪录和接近创纪录气温的炙烤。因此，画线词的意思是“烧伤；烧焦”。故选A项。
8．What does the photo show according to the author?
A．Scandinavian folks like to swim in a river.
B．Reindeer have adapted to the cold climate.
C．The ice there has totally been melted into water.
D．The temperature of the Arctic Circle now is high.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“A photo of what appears to be Scandinavian folks taking a dip in a river...is in parts of the Arctic Circle right now.”可知，喜冷的食草动物在水里凉快，证明了北极圈开始变热。因此，这张照片表明现在北极圈的温度很高。故选D项。
9．What can you learn from Professor Derocher’s words?
A．Maybe bears will die out in the near future.
B．Climate change is threatening polar bears.
C．He is worried about the shrinking of the sea ice.
D．He advises people to do something to improve the condition.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Andrew Derocher...said climate change is shrinking the ice bears usually hunt on, making them faced with the danger of extinction.”可知，气候变暖使得北极熊赖以生存的冰面减少，致使北极熊面临灭绝的危险。因此，从德罗彻教授的话中可以得知气候变化正威胁着北极熊(的生命安全)。故选B项。
10．Where may you find this article?
A．In a fashion magazine.
B．In a news report.
C．In a geography textbook.
D．In a travel handbook.
B　解析：文章出处题。根据第一段“The Arctic Circle—the habitat of polar bears and decreasing sea ice at the top of the world—hit 32 degrees Celsius last week.”可知，这篇文章是报道上周北极圈温度达到32摄氏度的新闻。因此，本文不可能出现在时尚杂志、地理教科书或旅游手册中，它最有可能出现在新闻报道中。故选B项。