人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness精品教学设计

Section Ⅴ　Writing——个人健康手册

本单元的写作项目属于记叙文体类别中的“讲述自身发展变化过程”的记叙文。这类题目要求我们找出自身的问题并描述其状态。然后写出改变的原因及方法。最后表达自己的决心和愿望。

一、基本框架

1．开头(beginning)——开门见山，指出自己的问题，并描述问题的情况或导致的结果。

2．主体(body)——写出想要解决问题的原因及如何解决问题的方法。

3．结尾(ending)——结合上文，表达自己的决心和愿望。

二、注意事项

(1)仔细审题，敲定主题。文章的目的、内容、结构层次以及语言的运用，都要围绕主题进行。

(2)根据情景提示和主题，安排文章的结构层次，用每段的首句即主题句来指明段落的中心思想。安排好关键的主题句，就会使中心更加突出，主题清楚。

(3)要进行审题，初写时，多模仿句型写简单句，循序渐进，逐渐深化。

(4)写作前最好有个简明扼要的提纲，让自己的行文有章可循。审题后要先写出草稿，经过修改之后，再正式成文。

常见精彩开头

1．I started doing sth.two years ago and have been addicted to it.

2．Until last year，I was trying to do...

3．I fall in the bad habit of doing...three years ago.

4．Unluckily I find I have been addicted to...

5．I have been annoyed about the question that....

6．I was anxious that I could not concentrate on...

文章主体部分常用句型

1．I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit.

2．I know it was time for sb.to do sth.

3．I prefer to do rather than do...

4．I would do sth.instead of doing sth.

5．If I feel nervous or stressed，I'll do something...rather than do sth.

6．Rather than do sth.，I would prefer to do sth.

结尾段常用句型

1．Finally，I stopped doing sth....

2．At last I became both healthier and happier by doing...

3．If I weaken and do sth.，again I won't give it up.

4．I'll try again，and I will succeed in the end.

5．I hope I will live as healthy and happy a life as they do.

6．I'm determined not to do the thing any longer.

假如你是李华，两年前开始吸烟并上瘾，现在满身烟味发现很难戒掉，直到有一天因为身体不适被学校足球队除名，开始下决心戒烟。方法如下：

1．扔掉最后一包烟，列出戒烟的好处；

2．随时提醒自己是非吸烟者；

3．在紧张或压抑时做放松练习。

请你根据上述内容写一篇100词左右的记叙文。

要求：1.表达清楚，语言简洁，流畅；

2．尽量运用对比等方法进行细节描述，突出人物的变化发展过程。

提示词：cigarette 香烟　non­smoker 非吸烟者

Ⅰ.精选单词短语

1．quit 停止；戒掉

2．addicted 有瘾的，上瘾的

3．give up 放弃，戒掉

4．rather than而不是

5．make a list of 列表……

Ⅱ.巧用句式语法

(一)完成句子

1．I find it difficult to give it up.

我发现戒掉它很难。(it作形式宾语)

2．I know it's time for me to quit smoking.

我知道是该戒烟了。(It's time for sb.to do sth.)

3．Every time I feel like smoking a cigarette,_I will remind myself that I'm a non­smoker instead of turning to it.

每次我想吸烟时就提醒自己是非吸烟者而不是去拿烟(吸)。(every time用作连词，instead of)

4．If I feel nervous or stressed，I'll do some relaxation exercises rather than reach for a cigarette.

如果我感觉紧张或压抑时，我会做一些放松练习而不是去抽烟。

5．I do hope I can live as healthy and happy a life as others do.

我真的希望我能和其他人一样过健康和幸福的生活。(强调谓语动词，as...as)

(二)句式升级

6．虽然我没有进行过多的运动，我也常常变得气喘吁吁和疲惫不堪。(用even if/though改写)

Although/Though I didn't take much exercise，I often become breathless and very tired.

→I often became breathless and very tired even if/though I didn't take much exercise.

7．我是时候该戒烟了。(用It's high time that 从句)

It's time for me to give up smoking.

→It's high time that I gave up smoking.

8．我一想要吸烟就提醒自己是一位非吸烟者。(用every time改写)

Remind myself that I was a non­smoker as soon as I would like to smoke.

→Remind myself that I was a non­smoker every time I felt like smoking.

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[参考范文]　

I started smoking two years ago，and then I had been addicted to it.My friends and family all thought I smelt terrible，but I found it hard to give it up.I also noticed that I often became breathless and tired，even though I didn't take much exercise.

Until one day last year，I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit，I know it was time for me to quit smoking.Firstly I throw away the last packet of cigarettes and made a list of all the benefits I would get from stopping smoking.Secondly，remind myself that I was a non­smoker instead of turning to cigarettes every time I felt like smoking.In the end，if I felt nervous or stressed，I would do some relaxation exercises rather than reach for a cigarette.

Finally I stopped smoking.Now I'm one of the members of our football team again.I also can focus on my study.I do hope I can live as healthy and happy a life as others do from now on.

【导读】　《我的生活》是海伦·凯勒的处女作。作品一发表，立即在美国引起了轰动，被称为“世界文学史上无与伦比的杰作”。本书由海伦·凯勒的《我的生活》《走出黑暗》《老师》三本书以及发表在美国《大西洋月刊》上的著名散文《假如给我三天光明》编译而成，完整系统地介绍了海伦·凯勒丰富、生动、真实而伟大的一生，许多文字还是第一次与中国读者见面。

【节选】

The Story of My Life

It is with a kind of fear that I begin to write the history of my life.I have，as it were，a superstitious hesitation in lifting the veil that clings about my childhood like a golden mist.The task of writing an autobiography is a difficult one.When I try to classify my earliest impressions，I find that fact and fancy look alike across the years that link the past with the present.The woman paints the child's experiences in her own fantasy.A few impressions stand out vividly from the first years of my life；but“the shadows of the prison­house are on the rest”．Besides，many of the joys and sorrows of childhood have lost their poignancy；and many incidents of vital importance in my early education have been forgotten in the excitement of great discoveries.In order，therefore，not to be tedious I shall try to present in a series of sketches only the episodes that seem to me to be the most interesting and important.

I was born on June 27,1880，in Tuscumbia，a little town of northern Alabama.

The family on my father's side is descended from Caspar Keller，a native of Switzerland，who settled in Maryland.One of my Swiss ancestors was the first teacher of the deaf in Zurich and wrote a book on the subject of their education—rather a singular coincidence；though it is true that there is no king who has not had a slave among his ancestors，and no slave who has not had a king among his.

My grandfather，Caspar Keller's son，“entered”large tracts of land in Alabama and finally settled there.I have been told that once a year he went from Tuscumbia to Philadelphia on horseback to purchase supplies for the plantation，and my aunt has in her possession many of the letters to his family，which give charming and vivid accounts of these trips.

我的生活

我是怀着惴惴不安的心情书写我生活的历史的。在我整个的童年时代，生活犹如笼罩在我身边的一团金色雾霭。冥冥之中，我是懵懂而迟疑地揭开生活的面纱的。每当我试图分辨孩童时期记忆的时候，我就会发现，往昔的时光美好而真实，它如同一条纽带，同此时此刻的我紧紧相连。女人们通常会以富于想象力的方式来描述自己的童年经历。虽然，那些鲜活而生动的记忆来自我生命的最初时光，但是，“牢房一般的阴暗将伴随着我的余生”。此外，童年时代的欢乐和悲伤大都成为往事前尘，它们已然失去了当时的锋芒；在我接受早期教育过程中的那些重大事件，已经随着更加激动人心的伟大发现而被淡忘。因此，从这个意义上来说，将我生活中那些至关重要的章节做一个全盘性的勾勒，于我倒并不是一件枯燥乏味的工作。

我于1880年6月27日出生在亚拉巴马州北部的一个叫作图斯康比亚的小镇。

我父亲家的先人是来自瑞士的卡斯帕·凯勒家族，他们最初定居在马里兰州。在我的瑞士祖先中，有一个人曾是苏黎世聋哑学校的首位教师，他曾写过一本有关教学生涯的书——这似乎具有某种一脉相承的偶然性；尽管在他的祖先中没有王者，也不曾豢养过一个奴隶，而且，在早期先民之中，也没有奴隶曾隶属于一位王者。

我的祖父，卡斯帕·凯勒家族之子，“进入”了亚拉巴马州这片广袤的土地并最终在此定居。我后来得知，曾经有那么一年，祖父骑马从图斯康比亚前往费城，为的是给种植园添置一些耕作用具。在我姑妈寄来的许多家信中，曾对祖父的这些旅行有过生动而清晰的记述。

[知识积累]

1．classify vt.　　　　　　 分类；分等

2．fancy n.   幻想

3．vividly adv.   生动地

4．coincidence n.   巧合

5．purchase vt.   购买

[文化链接]

《假如给我三天光明》是美国当代作家海伦·凯勒的散文代表作。该文的前半部分主要写了海伦变成盲聋人后的生活，后半部分则介绍了海伦的求学生涯。同时也介绍她体会不同的丰富多彩的生活以及她的慈善活动等等。她以一个身残志坚的柔弱女子的视角，告诫身体健全的人们应珍惜生命，珍惜造物主赐予的一切。