上海市交大附中（嘉定分校）2020届高三下学期第二次阶段测试英语试题

2019-2020学年交大附中(嘉定分校)高三下英语阶段测试

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Video Games Foster Creativity?

Video games that foster creative freedom can increase creativity under certain conditions, according to new research from lowa State University. The experimental study compared the effect of playing the popular world-building game Mine-craft（《我的世界》）, with or without instruction, to watching a TV show or playing a race car video game. Those (21) ________ (give) the freedom to play Mine-craft without instruction were most creative.

"It's not just that Mine-craft can help induce - creativity. There seems to be something about choosing to do it that also matters," said Douglas Gentile, a professor of psychology.

(22) ________ you are not familiar with the game, Gentile says Mine-craft is like a virtual Lego world. The game, which has sold more than 100 million copies, allows players to explore unique worlds and create anything they can imagine. Study participants randomly assigned to play Mine-craft were split into two groups. The one receiving instruction was told to play as creatively as possible.

After 40 minutes of play or watching TV, the 352 participants completed several creativity tasks. (23) ________ (measure) creative production, they were asked to draw a creature from a world much different than Earth. More human-like creatures scored low for creativity and those less human-like scored high. Surprisingly, those instructed to be creative while playing Mine-craft were (24) ________ (creative).

Gentile says there's no clear explanation for this finding. In the paper published by Creativity Research Journal, he, Jorge Blanco-Herrera, lead author and former master's student in psychology; and Jeffrey Rokkum, former Ph.D. student in psychology, outlined possible reasons why the instructed Mine-craft group scored lower than the other groups. Blanco-Herrera says the instructions may have changed subject's motivation for play.

"(25) ________ (tell) to be creative may have actually limited their options while playing, resulting in a less creative experience," Blanco - Herrera said. "It's also possible they used all their 'creative juices' while playing and had (26) ________ when it came time to complete the test."

Video games can have both harmful and beneficial effects. Gentile's previous research has shown the amount, content and context of video games (27) ________ (influence) what players learn through repeated experiences. (28) ________ must of  Gentile's research has focused on aggression or pro-social behavior, he says the same appears to be true for creativity.

Most video games encourage players to practice some level of creativity. For example, players may create a character and story for role-playing games or be rewarded for creative strategies, in competitive games. The researchers say even first-person shooter games (29) ________ potentially inspire creativity as players think about strategy and look for advantages in combat.

"The research is staring to tell a more interesting nuanced picture. Our results are similar to other gaming research (30) ________ ________ you get better at what you practice, but how you practice might matter just as much." Gentile said.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Education officials and industry experts are debating the future of online learning. The discussion is important because recently hundreds of universities in the United States have moved classes online because of the __31__ of the new coronavirus.

For Asha Choksi, the rise of internet - based or online study programs has led to major improvements in higher education.

"What it’s done is, it's actually given a lot more power to students in terms of how, when and where they learn," the head of research for Pearson Education told VOA. Her company is __32__ online learning programs.

Colleges and universities worldwide have been looking for ways to provide satisfactory education off campus and outside of __33__ business hours. The decision by many schools in the U. S. to suspend in-person classes during the recent coronavirus crisis has shown how important online teaching can be. And demand for such programs is increasing.

The financial advising company Tyton Partners __34__ the online program management industry at over $ 1.5 billion in 2015.

Choksi, however, argues that her company is __35__ a path to higher education for people who might not have been able to get a degree otherwise.

Pearson Education is one of a growing number of companies that __36__ with schools to create online study aids and full degree programs. Classes meet online through video __37__. In this way, students are able to __38__ with each other and their professors even when they are far away from school.

Online learning also permits older students, who work full-time and support families, to work on their education in their free time. It can be helpful for people who might have difficulty coming to a college campus, such as disabled students or those who live far from any college or university.

However, recent research suggests the majority of college students and professors prefer in-person instruction. In addition, some experts are __39__ that companies in charge of online learning programs are not clear about the policies they have with the schools they serve.

Last year, the EDUCATUSE Center for Analysts and Research published two opinion studies on online higher education programs. Researchers asked over 40,000 American undergraduate students and 9,500 professors what they thought about these programs. In both groups, at least 70 percent of people said they would rather teach or learn in a(n) __40__ classroom.

III. Reading Comprehensions

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The oral microbiome - the sum total of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, that occupy the human mouth - was the subject of a citizen science driven study by Jessica Metcalf's research lab at CSU and Nicole Garneau's research team at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science. Published in Scientific Reports, the study found, among other things, a correlation（互相关联）between people who did not visit the dentist regularly and __41__ presence of a pathogen（病原体）that causes periodontal disease.

For the experiments, carried out by Garneau's community science team in the Genetics of Taste Lab at the museum, a wide cross - section of museum visitors answered simple questions about their demographics（人口统计资料）, lifestyles and oral health __42__. Microbial（微生物的）DNA sequencing data analyzed by Met-calf's group revealed, broadly, that teeth - cleaning routines affect the communities of bacteria in the __43__ and beyond. The study highlighted the need to think about oral health as __44__ linked to our overall health.

"Our study also showed that using community scientists can be a really good way to get this type of __45__, without having to use large, case-controlled studies," said Zach Burcham, a postdoctoral researcher and the paper's lead author. Senior author Met-calf is an associate professor in the Department of Animal Sciences and a member of CSU's Micro-biome Network.

The study __46__ people who flossed（用牙线清洁牙齿）or didn't floss (almost everyone said they brushed, so that wasn't a useful data point). Participants who flossed were found to have relatively __47__ microbial diversity in their mouths compared with non-flossers. This is most likely due to the physical removal of bacteria that could be causing disease.

Adults who had gone to a __48__ in the last three months had lower overall microbial diversity in their mouths than those who hadn't gone in 12 months or longer, and had less of the periodontal disease - causing oral pathogen. This, __49__, was probably due to dental cleaning removing rarer bacteria in the mouth. Youth tended to have had a dental visit more recently than adults.

Youth microbiomes were __50__ among males and females, and by weight. Children considered obese according to their body mass indices had distinct microbiomes as compared  to non-obese children. The obese children also tended to have higher levels of Treponema, the same pathogen found in adults who hadn't been to the dentist in more than a year. __51__, the researchers saw a possible link between childhood obesity and periodontal disease. "This was very interesting to me, that we were able to detect these data in such a general population, with such a variable group of people," Burcham said.

Other data uncovered: The microbiomes of younger participants, mostly in the eight-to nine-year-old range, had more diversity than those of adults. __52__, adult microbiomes varied more widely from person to person. The researchers think this is due to the environments and diets of adults being more wide-ranging than those of __53__ .

They also saw that people who lived in the same household had __54__ oral microbiomes.

"When you look at families who live together, you find they share more of those __55__ types of bacteria of bacteria that aren't found as often in higher abundances," Burcham explained. It was a data point that emphasized the relevance of one's built environment in relationship to the microbial communities in our bodies.

41. A. increased           B. unlikely             C. expected           D. rare

42. A. problems           B. conditions           C. habits             D. plans

43. A. body              B. mouth               C. world             D. life

44. A. gradually           B. poorly              C. slightly            D. strongly

45. A. experiment         B. study                C. data              D. findings

46. A. involved           B. grouped              C. ignored           D. assessed

47. A. limited             B. average             C. biological          D. rich

48. A. hospital            B. check               C. dentists            D. clinic

49. A. therefore           B. again                C. moreover          D. however

50. A. harmful            B. common             C. special             D. different

51. A. In other words      B. To sum up        C. In addition         D. To our surprise

52. A. By contrast        B. Meanwhile        C. However          D. Furthermore

53. A. peers             B. seniors            C. professionals       D. children

54. A. various           B. similar             C. harmful           D. unique

55. A. rare              B. common           C. unknown           D. scarce

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Extreme sorrow claws my mind. I am a statistic. When I first got here, I felt very much lonely. I found no sympathy. I saw only thousands of others whose bodies were as badly damaged as mine. I was given a number and placed in a category, which was called "traffic death".

The day I died was an ordinary school day. How I wish I had taken the bus! But I was too cool for the bus, I remember how I wheedled（哄骗）the car out of Mom. "Special favor," I pleaded. "All the kids drive." After school, I rushed to the parking lot, excited at the thought of driving a car and being my own boss.

It doesn't matter how the accident happened, I was going too fast, taking crazy chances. But I was enjoying my freedom and having fun. The last thing I remember was passing an old lady who seemed to be going awfully slow. I heard a crash and felt a terrific shake. Glass and steel flew everywhere. My whole body seemed to be turning inside out. I heard myself scream.

Suddenly, I awakened. It was very quiet. I saw a police officer and a doctor. I was covered in blood. Pieces of jagged glass were sticking out all over. Strange that I couldn't feel anything. Hey, don't pull that sheet over my head. I can't be dead. I'm only 17. I'm supposed to have a wonderful life ahead of me. I haven't lived yet. I can't be dead!

Later I was placed in drawer. My folks came to identify me. Why did they see me like this? Why did I have to look at Mom's eyes when she faced the most terrible ordeal of her life? Dad suddenly looked very old. He told the man in charge, "Yes - He is our son."

Please - somebody - wake me up! Get me out of here. I can't bear to see Mom and Dad in such pain. My grandparents are so weak from grief they can barely walk. My brother and sister move like robots.

Please don't bury me! I'm not dead! I promise if you give me just one more chance, God, I'll be the most careful driver in the whole world. All I want is one more chance. Please., God. I'm only 17.

56. Why did the writer become a statistic?

A. Because he studied statistics（统计学）in school.

B. Because he felt very lonely at that moment.

C. Because he was dead as result of a traffic accident.

D. Because he made a fatal mistake in statistics.

57. Where did the traffic accident take place?

A. On his way to school         B. On his way home.

C. Near a police station.         D. Near an old lady's house.

58. What was the cause of the accident?

A. He was driving too fast.      B. He was too young to drive.

C. He wanted to avoid knocking down an old lady.   

D. He was not familiar with the road condition.

59. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

A. How Careless a Young Drive Is!    B. Dead at 17

C. An Avoidable Tragedy            D. Stay Safe on the Road

(B)

Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass

Shanghai Disneyland is a place where every moment is packed with joy, surprises, romance, fantasy and excitement. It's place where friends and families come together to enjoy magical adventures, and with the new Annual Pass, available from January 25,2019. Guests will be able to enjoy a whole year of never ending magic! Start your year-long magical journey today from the moment you purchase the new Annual Pass!

As a pass Holder, you'll enjoy exclusive benefits, including a full year of events and parties, Disney Character greetings, and discounts on delicious food and merchandise! You'll also receive invitations to special events and so much more!

There are three types of Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass (Different pass types are subject to restrictions specified on the "Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass Calendar"):

Pass eligible visit dates are subject to the pass calendar, found on the "Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass Calendar" page on the Shanghai Disney Resort official website and the Shanghai Disney Resort official WeChat Account. Guests will have visibility for the following three months of the Pass calendar (including the current month). The Pass calendar for a new month will be released in the middle of each month. We may restrict the number of persons with access to the Park due to capacity.

Launch Channel:

From January 25, 2019, guests can purchase the Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass through the Shanghai Disney Resort official WeChat account, the Shanghai Disney Resort official WeChat Mini Program "E-gift Ticket," the Shanghai Disneyland Main Entrance ticket booths, and the Shanghai Disney Resort Reservation Centre at 400 - 180 - 0000 or +86-21-3158-0000. The Annual Pass can be redeemed and used to enter the park from January 25,2019.

From February 15,2019, guests can purchase the Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass via the Shanghai Disney Resort Official Website and app. The Annual Pass can be redeemed（兑换）and used to enter the park from February 15,2019.

Annual Pass Holders must redeem their Annual Passes at the Shanghai Disneyland Main Entrance ticket booths during park hours every day.

Thank you for your understanding and cooperation!

60. Which of the following ISN'T a selling point of the Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass?

A. Lower prices while shopping in the resort.

B. Meeting your favorite Disney character.

C. Access to special activities.

D. Fast-pass to the not attractions.

61. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?

A. You can't use an Annual Pass on the day you buy it.

B. Once you buy an Any-day Annual Pass, you can enjoy yourself in Shanghai Disneyland any day in one year.

C. On May 9th, a Pass Holder can know the Pass calendar of August.

D. Weekday + Sunday Annual Pass holders have at least 205 more days of park access than Sunday Annual Pass holders.

62. John can buy a Sunday Annual Pass on January 30,2019 through the following channels EXCEPT ________.

A. the E-gift Ticket mini program      B. +86-21-3158-0000

C. the Shanghai Disney Resort Official Website  

D. the Shanghai Disneyland Main Entrance ticket booths

(C)

Apple on Tuesday said its revenue fell 5 percent in the first quarter, compared with $ 88.3 billion a year earlier, as chief executive Tim Cook admitted that people are holding on to their iPhones longer.

Revenue from the maker of iPhones came in at $84.31 billion, slightly higher than the company estimated earlier this month, when it warned that sales would fall to about $84 billion. At the time, Cook cited a slowdown in China's economy as well as President Trump's trade war for weakening iPhone demand. It was Apple's first warning in more than 15 years.

Apple's stock jumped more than 4 percent in after-hours trading.

In its results, Apple aid net sales of iPhones were down by more than $9 billion compared with the same quarter last year. Cook conceded that many Apple users are "holding on to their older iPhones a bit longer than in the past," which contributed to lower iPhone demand. But he also pointed to shifts in foreign exchange（外汇）values that made Apple products more expensive in certain markets.

Consumers are holding on to their smart-phones for three years or longer. The Washington Post reported last month. But higher selling prices - with some high-end models costing over $1,000 - have been able to compensate for fewer new phones sold.

Sales increased in other categories such as services, wearables and tablets. Altogether, Apple reported net income of $ 19.97 billion for the quarter compared to $ 20,01 billion in the same period a year earlier. The popularity of Apple's smart-watch has driven significant growth in the company's wearables segment, according to the company.

"Our wearables business is approaching the size of a Fortune 200 company," said chief financial officer Luca Maestri.

 While Cook acknowledged the continuing economic slowdown in China, he said it is "not in our DNA to stand around waiting for macroeconomic conditions to improve." One effort Apple is undertaking in response, Cook added, is to encourage customers to trade in their old devices and receive credit toward purchasing new phones. Apple offered deep discounts on its iPhone XR around the holidays, for instance, for people trading in recent devices.

More than two-thirds of Apple customers in China who bought an iPad or a Mac last quarter were first-time purchasers of those devices, Cook said.

Apple, which became the world's first company worth $1 trillion（万亿）last year, also said it is expecting lower revenues next quarter - between $ 55 billion and $ 59 billion - compared with the same time last year, when it reported revenues of % 61.6 billion. The company attributed the lower guidance to the same foreign exchange and macroeconomic factors it cited for the quarter that ended in December.

Shareholders were already reeling from（感受到……的负面影响）Apple's acknowledgement this week of a major flaw in its mobile operating system that allowed attackers to eavesdrop（窃听）on the recipient of Face-Time calls. Apple told users it is aware of the issue and that it plans to release a software update this week.

Tuesday marked the first of Apple's earnings reports in which the company did not report the number of iPhones it sold in the quarter. But the company did say that the total number of iPhones active world-wide now stands at 900 million - a positive sign for Apple as it seeks to convert many of its customers into users of its services such as Apple Pay and Apple Music.

62. According to Tim Cook, all of the following accounted for weakening iPhone demand EXCEPT ________.

A. Apple users keep their Apple devices longer than before

B. the macroeconomic conditions home and abroad were not ideal

C. the changing foreign exchange values

D. a major bug in its mobile operating system

63. What can we learn from the underlined sentence?

A. Apple is about to take the initiative to turn around its business.

B. Apple is not good at dealing with macroeconomic conditions in a foreign country.

C. Apple is not worried about China's economic slowdown because of its huge consumer base.

D. Apple is sure of overcoming the temporary downturn in sales with its technology.

64. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. One of Apple's goals is that tis services can appeal to more consumers.

B. On Tuesday, Apple didn't publicize its earnings reports because of its poor performance.

C. Apple's wearables category has a good chance of surpassing a Fortune 200 company.

D. iPhone's increased prices contribute to the drop in iPhones sold worldwide.

65. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Apple has sold 900 million iPhones around the world.

B. Apple was the world's most valuable company at one point last year.

C. Tim Cook was confident about Apple's future revenues despite current difficulty.

D. An increasing number of users began to dislike their Apple devices.

Section C

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Culture Insider: Chopsticks

Chopsticks, or kuaizi in Chinese, are a pair of small equal - length tapered sticks, usually made of wood, used for eating Asian food. It is believed the first chopsticks were developed over 5,000 years ago in China. The earliest evidence of a pair of chopsticks made out of bronze was excavated from the Ruins of Yin near Anyang, Henan province, dating back to roughly 1,200 BC.

Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese food culture ________ 67________ They are round on the eating end which symbolizes heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes earth. This is because maintaining an adequate food supply is the greatest concern between heaven and earth.

Chopsticks are so frequently used in daily life that they have become more than a kind of tableware and have helped develop a set of etiquette and customs of their own. ________68________ While the principles of chopstick etiquette are similar in many of these places, the finer points may differ from region to region, and there is no single standard for the use of chopsticks. Generally, chopsticks are not used to make noise, to draw attention, or to gesticulate（做手势）.

________ 69________ For example, you can buy a pair of exquisite chopsticks as a gift for your friends and relatives. In Chinese, "chopsticks" reads "kuaizi," which means to have sons soon, so a newly - married couple will be very happy to accept chopsticks as their wedding gift. Skillful craftsmen paint beautiful scenery on chopsticks to make them like fine artworks. Many people love to collect these elegant utensils.

It has been said that using chopsticks improves one's memory, increases finger dexterity and can be useful in learning and improving skills such as Chinese character printing and brush painting. Many Asian superstitions（迷信）revolve around chopsticks as well. For example, if you find an uneven pair of chopsticks at your table setting, it is believed you will miss the next train, boat or plane you are trying to catch. ________70________.

IV. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

China's Film Industry Finally Joins the Space Race

China was a latecomer to space exploration, and in the movies, it has been a latecomer to science fiction, too. But that is about to change.

The country's first blockbuster set in space， The Wandering Earth, opens Tuesday amid great expectations that it will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese filmmaking.

The Wandering Earth, shown in 3-D, takes place in a distant future in which the Sun is about to expand into a red giant and devour（吞噬）Earth. Therefore, earth's governments rally and come up with a novel solution: they attempt to use 10,000 gigantic jets, known as the Earth Engines, to blast Earth out of its orbit and off on a hundred - generation journey to a new home 4.2 light-years away. However, a malfunction of the Earth Engine system leaves the planet caught in Jupiter's gravity, and gradually being pulled toward destruction. A group of workers have to race against time to reactivate the jets and correct the Earth's course.

So far, the reviews have been positive. "Film-makers in China see science fiction as a holy grail (an ultimate goal)," said Raymond, an independent critic, who noted that Hollywood had set the technological standards, and thus audience expectations, very high.

The Wandering Earth is adapted from a novel by Liu Cixin, the writer who has led a renaissance（复兴）in science fiction here, becoming the first Chinese winner of the Hugo Award, the top award in science fiction, in 2015. His novels are sprawling epics and deeply researched. That makes them plausible fantasies about humanity's encounters with a dangerous universe.

The openings also come as China reached a milestone in space: the landing of a probe on the far side of the moon in January. Although decades behind Russia and the United States, China has now put astronauts in orbit and has ambitious plans to join - or even lead - a new age of space exploration.

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72. 这次意外受伤使得这位足坛后起之秀无法在海外继续打拼了。(impossible)

73. 当这位父亲给女儿挑选连衣裙当礼物时，发现自己竟不知道女儿最喜欢什么颜色。(find)

74. 看着老照片中曾经天真无线的自己和已经过世的母亲，这名罪犯失声痛哭起来。(burst)

75. 在疾病爆发不久之后，全国各地被称为“最美逆行者”的医护人员舍小家为大家，主动投身到了这场没有硝烟的战场中。(volunteer)

VI. Guided Writing

Directions: Read the following three passages.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.

Use your own words as far as possible.

请认真观察右侧这幅图片，然后结合自己的生活实际写一篇文章投稿给校报。你的文章必须包括：

1. 简述图片内容；

2. 评价主人公的做法是否明智；

3. 谈谈你做出该评价的理由

注意：作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级及学校等真实信息。

参考答案

21 given 22. If 23. To measure 24. The least creative  25. Being told 26. nothing 27. influence

28. While/Although/Though  29 can 30. in that

31-40 DKJEGFAHCI

41-55 ACBDCBACBDACDBA

56-59CBAB60-62DDC63-66DAAB67-

70 ACFD

71.(答案供参考)

The Wandering Earth, China's first maior film set in space, has been received positively,

signaling a new era of Chinese filmmaking. Based on the work of Chinas leading sci-fi

writer Liu Cixin, who highlights mankind’s struggles in space, it describes humanity's

efforts to save Earth from destruction. The film also coincided with a space exploration

milestone of China’s(58 words)

72. The unexpected injury made it impossible for this rising football star to continue to

strive for career success abroad

73. When the father was choosing a dress as a gift for his daughter, he found he didn't

even know what her favorite color was

74. Looking at the old picture of the innocent self he used to be and his mother who had

passed away, the criminal burst out crying

75:Shortly after the disease broke out,medical workers across the country called heroes in harm’s way,volunteered to go into a war without bullets,leaving behind their own families to help others.