河北省衡水中学2020届高三下学期一调英语试题

2019～2020学年度下学期高三年级一调考试
英语试卷
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。3．二卷试题用黑色中性笔作答。
第一卷（选择题共90分）
第一部分听力(共两节，满分20分)
第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的的A、B、C三个选项中选
出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman play twice a week?
A Tennis. B. Basketball. C. Football.
2. What does the man mean?
A. The woman is sitting in the seat.
B. The woman should move her things. C. The woman shouldn't eat popcorn.
3. What will the man do on Saturday?
A. Order two movie tickets. B. Study at the library. C. Go to an exhibition.
4. Where are the speakers probably?
A. At a store. B. In a classroom. C. In an office.
5. What is the man trying to do?
A. Read the instruction book.
B Find some batteries for the controllers. C. Watch something different on TV.
第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How does the woman feel about science?
A. She is excited by it B. She is uninterested in it C. She is good at it.
7. Where will the woman stay until 7: 00?
A. In a meeting room. B. In the campus cafeteria. C. In the library.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why was the woman thinking of moving the car?
A. She parked in a spot for the disabled.
B. There were better spaces available.
C. The parking space was a little small.
9. Where will the woman and Jenny go first?
A. To the drugstore. B. To the hair salon. C. To the shoe store.
10. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Mother and son. C. Waitress and customer.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. According to the woman, why do many American kids use chopsticks?
A. They learn it in school.
B. Chopsticks are easy to handle. C. it’ s a fun part of eating Chinese food.
12. What has the man never seen in China?
A. Fortune cookies. B. White containers. C. A knife and fork.
13. What can we learn about the little messages?
A. They are about the future.
B. People take them pretty seriously.
C. Most customers are not happy about them.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. What did the woman see in Thailand?
A Jungles. B. Islands. C. Elephants.
15. What does the man say about his Chinese host families?
A. They were all pretty similar.
B. They helped improve his language skills. C. They took him out to great restaurants.
16. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Their best vacation.
B. Their life of studying abroad. C. Their favorite cities in China.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Which place was hit by heavy snow last night?
A. Washington D. C. B. New Jersey. C. Maryland.
18.What are the temperatures in the northern states right now?
A. Below ten degrees. B. Below twenty degrees C. Below thirty degrees.
19. What is nineteen degrees colored on the map?
A. Blue. B. Purple. C. Red.
20. What day is it today?
A. Thursday. B. Saturday. C. Friday.
第二部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
NEW HAVEN, Connecticut —— A surprise awaited students in Yale who showed up for Professor Laurie Santos’s class. They got slips of paper that said, “No class today.” There was only one rule for the students ‘ unexpected free time——They were not allowed to study, but to relax. Since exams and papers were coming up, everyone was tired and stressed. At this moment they were touched. With around applause, nine students hugged Santos, and two burst into tears.
Yet, cancelling class was not just a break. It was also a challenge, as she was asking them to stop worrying about their grades, even if it was just an hour. One student went to the Yale University Art Gallery for the first time in her four years at Yale. A group of students went to a recording studio and played a new song. More people were outside, and more were smiling. That’s why about 1,200 students were taking Santos’s class, called “Psychology and the Good Life,” the largest class in Yale’s 317-year history. Even non-Yale students had the chance to take Santos’s class. It was offered as an online course and she immediately became an Internet hit.
Skyler Robinson, one of her students, was at a loss for a while about what to do during his break, and then decided to take a nap. “It was a great nap,” he commented. Santos designed the class after she realized that her students kept busy through long days that seemed far more depressing and joyless than her own college years. “They feel they’re in this crazy rat race. They’re working so hard that they can’t take a single hour off. That’s awful.”
The ideas behind the class are simple. Santos said, “It is the hope that science can help students find peace among all the stresses and difficulties they face at college.” The lessons include showing more gratitude, performing acts of kindness and increasing social connections. The students really wanted to learn to lead a happy life in a science -driven way. Santos also noted the psychological happening of “mis-wanting”, which led people to work towards the wrong goals in life.
One week, Santo asked students to exercise. Another week, she wanted them to get more sleep. They worked hard to keep some new habits. Social science research led to many new understandings of how people find happiness. She thinks her class can change Yale, or rather, not just Yale.
1. How did students respond to the cancelling class?
A. They expressed their concern.
B. They were at a loss what to do.
C. They showed gratitude to the teacher.
D. They were eager to study individually.
2. How can we know Santo’s class was popular?
A. From the attendence in her class.
B. From the subject she taught.
C. From the long history of Yale.
D. From the release of the online course.
3. What can students learn from Santos’s class?
A. To develop good study habits.
B. To let exercise become their routine.
C. To better understand how to find happiness.
D. To do something joyful during the stressful time.
4. What can we infer from the text?
A. Santos had a more stressful time in her college.
B. Students would be in rat race after Santos’s class.
C. Santos’s influence can reach a wider range of people.
D. Santos is going to cancel more classes for better effects.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章论述Santos的课为什么受学生们欢迎。学生能从Santos的课中学到更好地理解如何找到幸福。Santos的影响力可以影响更广泛的人群。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句With around applause, nine students hugged Santos, and two burst into tears.可知，学生们对取消课程表现出非常地感激。故选C。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中That’s why about 1,200 students were taking Santos’s class, called “Psychology and the Good Life,” the largest class in Yale’s 317-year history.可知，我们从她课堂上的出勤率知道Santo的课很受欢迎。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Social science research led to many new understandings of how people find happiness.可知，学生能从Santos的课中学到更好地理解如何找到幸福。故选C。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句She thinks her class can change Yale, or rather, not just Yale.可知，Santos的影响力可以影响更广泛的人群。故选C。
【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer, suggest, imply, conclude indicate等标志性词语。本题第2小题，根据第二段中That’s why about 1,200 students were taking Santos’s class, called “Psychology and the Good Life,” the largest class in Yale’s 317-year history.可知，我们从她课堂上的出勤率知道Santo的课很受欢迎。故选A。
B
As unpleasant emotions go, anxiety is the roughest. It's a vague, pit-of-the-stomach fear that sneaks up to you -- that unease you get when your boss says that she needs to talk to you right away, when the phone rings at 4:00 a.m., or when your dentist looks into your mouth and says "Hmm" for the third time.
Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to concentrate, and ruin your appetite. And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety--- adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating--may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease.
How to prevent anxiety then?
Meditate. Maybe you're just high-strung. If so, meditation(冥想) is worth a try. It cultivates a calmness that eases anxious feelings and offers a sense of control. A study at the University of Massachusetts found that volunteers who took an 8-week meditation course were considerably less anxious afterward. People who are high-strung find that they are dramatically calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20 minutes after dinner.
Jog,walk, swim, or cycle. If you can't make time for meditation, be sure to make time for regular exercise. Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it's something repetitive like running or swimming laps.
Treatment?
Remember to breathe. When you're anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too shallowly. That makes you feel more anxious. Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect. To make sure that you're breathing correctly, place your hand on your diaphragm(横膈膜), just below your rib cage(胸腔). Feel it rise with each inhalation(吸气) and fall with each exhalation.
Let's say you are anxious about your competence on the job. Ask yourself "What, in particular, am I afraid that I'll mess up?" Maybe you’re afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines. Or maybe you're worried that you're blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meetings. Are your worries founded? Have you had several near misses with deadlines? Are your suggestions routinely rejected? If not, the anxiety is needless. If there is a real problem, work on a solution: Pace yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public speaking class.
5. Which of the following symptoms is NOT directly caused by anxiety?
A. Lower in concentration. B. No appetite.
C. Heart racing. D. High blood pressure.
6. According to the passage, what can be done to avoid anxiety?
A. Exercising regularly. B. Keeping breath steady.
C. Breathing with the help of hands. D. Adjusting the pace of life.
7. What is the last paragraph about?
A. Anxiety at work and its solutions. B. People's anxiety about their capabilities.
C. The reason for someone's incompetence. D. The function of public speaking class.
【答案】5. D 6. A 7. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了焦虑的危害以及防止和应对焦虑的方法。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to concentrate, and ruin your appetite. And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety--- adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating--may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease.”可知，持续的焦虑会让你晚上失眠，让你烦躁，破坏你集中注意力的能力，破坏你的食欲。焦虑产生的准备状态——肾上腺素抽吸、心跳加速、手掌出汗——可能会导致高血压和心脏病，由此可知，注意力不集中、没有食欲、心跳加速是直接由焦虑引起的，而高血压是其间接引起的，故D项正确。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it's something repetitive”可知，锻炼可以和冥想有同样的镇静效果，特别是如果它是重复性的，由此可知，经常锻炼会防止焦虑，故A项正确。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读最后一段，特别是根据“Let's say you are anxious about your competence on the job.”及“If there is a real problem, work on a solution: Pace yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public speaking class.”可知，本段主要讲的是工作中的焦虑及其解决方法——调整自己的步调以便更好地完成最后期限，或者参加一个公开演讲班，故A项正确。
C
One man’s white bread is another man’s green vegetables.
That’s the key from The Personalised Diet, a new book from Israeli authors Eran Segal and Eran Elinav. The authors say it’s time to admit to ourselves that one-size-fits-all diets don’t work, and when it comes to nutrition,it’s about doing what works best for your body, not catching the latest diet fashion.
“For years,we’ve been trying to search for that silver-bullet diet and we’ve been miserably failing,” Segal said. “And that’s because the best diet for each person really has to be tailored to that individual.”
They conducted a personalised nutrition project at Weizmann, where hundreds of volunteers agreed to have their blood sugar tested after meals. One participant in the study, a woman named Ruti, said she was surprised that it was tomatoes -- not ice cream or candies -- that were raising her blood sugar level. Ruti recalled, “I have now significantly reduced my intake of tomato and I’m feeling much more energetic, which still surprises me. I have already lost a couple of pounds, and I have high hopes that I have finally found the answer to my weight struggle, too.”
The Israeli scientists found that some people can consume traditionally unhealthy foods with little or no rise in their blood sugar levels, while others have a stronger response, and therefore shouldn’t eat those foods. It’s those kinds of results that you can only find from a personalised diet.
“What we were surprised to find out was just like any other food, there is no such thing as good bread,” Elinav said. “The response to bread was completely individualised.”
8. What is suggested in the first sentence?
A. Everyone has their own tastes.
B. Nutrition serves your body best.
C. People’s response to the same food is different.
D. The latest diet doesn’t fit each person.
9. What does “that silver-bullet diet” refer to?
A. A diet that is low in fat.
B. A diet that begins a new diet trend.
C. A diet that works best for everyone.
D. A diet that provides all the nutrition.
10. Ruti’s example suggests that to control weight, one needs to .
A. eat much fewer tomatoes
B. control their blood sugar levels
C struggle for weight loss constantly
D. eat according to his or her blood sugar level
11. Why is Elinav’s opinion on bread mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. To advise people not to eat unhealthy food.
B. To stress the need of the personalised diet.
C. To explain the popularity of white bread.
D. To show the importance of good bread.
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章的论点是最好的食物因人而异，文章用反面论证（“银弹”减肥法）和试验论证（Ruti血糖的摄入来自于西红柿）的论证方法来证明论点。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一句One man’s white bread is another man’s green vegetables.（一个人的白面包是另一个人的青菜。）和第二段的That’s the key from The Personalised Diet, a new book from Israeli authors Eran Segal and Eran Elinav. The authors say it’s time to admit to ourselves that one-size-fits-all diets don’t work, and when it comes to nutrition,it’s about doing what works best for your body, not catching the latest diet fashion.（这是来自以色列作家Eran Segal和Eran Elinav的新书《个性化饮食》的关键。作者说，应该承认，一刀切的饮食不起作用，当涉及到营养，它是关于做什么对你的身体最好，而不是赶上最新的饮食时尚。）可推断，第一句话的意思是人们对同一种食物的反应是不同的，故可推断C项正确，故选C。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段的“For years, we’ve been trying to search for that silver-bullet diet and we’ve been miserably failing,” Segal said. “And that’s because the best diet for each person really has to be tailored to that individual.”（Segal说:“多年来，我们一直试图寻找一种‘银弹’饮食，但不幸失败了。”“那是因为对每个人来说，最好的饮食确实要因人而异。”）可推断，Segal他们一直在寻找的一种叫做“银弹饮食”失败的原因是对于每个人来说，最好的饮食要因人而异，故可推知在这里“银弹饮食”指的是对每个人都最有效的饮食。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的she was surprised that it was tomatoes -- not ice cream or candies -- that were raising her blood sugar level（她吃惊的是西红柿——而不是冰淇淋或糖果——提高了她的血糖水平）和I have now significantly reduced my intake of tomato…I have already lost a couple of pounds（我现在已经大大减少了番茄的摄入量…我已经减掉了几磅…）可知，Ruti的血糖摄入来自于西红柿，她减少了西红柿的摄入量，也因此她的体重也有所减少，由此可以看出，通过Ruti的例子可以看出，一个人控制体重需要根据他或她的血糖水平进食。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“What we were surprised to find out was just like any other food, there is no such thing as good bread,”…“The response to bread was completely individualised.”(我们惊讶地发现，和其他食物一样，没有什么比好面包更好了。……对面包的反应完全个性化。”)可知，最后一段提到了Elinav对面包的看法的原因是强调个性化饮食的必要性。故选B。
【点睛】在做推理判断题时，paraphrasing（同义转换）是阅读理解题常用的一种解题方法，正确答案往往是原文句义或原文中的某个词同义的转换，如第4小题，B 选项B. To stress the need of the personalised diet中的personalised和原文The response to bread was completely individualised.中的individualised是同义的，意为“个人的、有个性的”。
D
Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern-day Sierra Leone. One researcher called the work “a mind-blower.”
“In this particular context, and from that time period, I think it’s a first,” team member Hannes Schroeder told The Washington Post. “To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting. Also it is exciting for descendant(后裔) communities. Through this technology, they’re able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa.”
The pipe stem was found at the Belvoir plantation in Crownsville, Maryland, where enslaved people lived until 1864 and where a likely slave cemetery was recently found. DNA taken from the pipe linked back to a woman either directly from or descended from the Mende people, who lived in west Africa, in an area now part of Sierra Leone.
Julie Schablitsky, the chief archaeologist with the Maryland state highway administration, told The Post the discovery, based on saliva(唾液) absorbed into the clay pipe, was a “mind-blower”. She also said records show the existence of a slave trade route Sierra Leone to Annapolis, plied(定期往来) by British and American ships. “As soon as people stepped on those slave ships in Africa,” she said, “whether they were from Benin or whether they were from Sierra Leone, wherever they were from, that identity was lost. Their humanity is robbed. Who they are as a people has gone.”
The new analysis is part of ongoing research around Belvoir that has given descendants of the people enslaved there new insight into the lives of their ancestors. Speaking to The Post, Nancy Daniels, a genealogist from Laurel, Maryland, who thinks she is a descendant of enslaved families from Belvoir but was not linked to the research on the pipe, called the discovery “overwhelming.” “I’m sitting here about ready to cry,” she said. “I’m sorry. I'm so happy ... Thank God for the DNA.”
This year, events and ceremonies are being held to mark the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first enslaved people in America, at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619.
12. What does the phrase “a mind-blower” in paragraphs 1 and 4 refer to?
A. A surprise. B. A confusion.
C. An excitement. D. A fascination.
13. According to Hannes Schroeder, the pipe stem was of great significance because________.
A. it was the first direct evidence that slaves living in Maryland were originally from Africa
B. it helped the archaeologists to draw a portrait of the enslaved woman
C. it might contribute to identifying the birthplace of the descendant communities
D. it contained genetic clues to the ancestral background of its owner
14. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The owner of the pipe once lived in what is now an area in west Africa.
B. The history of slavery in America is an ongoing topic of concern.
C. African slaves lost their identities when they arrived at the Belvoir plantation.
D. Nancy Daniels, a genealogist was sorry for not being involved in the research.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. DNA from an old pipe throws lights on the origins of the enslaved
B. A new research reveals the origins of enslaved African woman
C. The descendants of enslaved people seek their identities
D. DNA contributes to the breakthrough of a new research
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了考古学家们从马里兰州发现的一根断裂的陶土管茎中提取DNA，制作了一幅200年前死去的奴隶妇女的画像，而使得研究者们非常兴奋，从而揭示了被奴役者的起源。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段的To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting. Also it is exciting for descendant(后裔) communities.（能够从一个破碎的陶土管茎上提取DNA是相当令人兴奋的，对于其后代来说也是令人兴奋的）可知，第一段的One researcher called the work “a mind-blower”.可知一位研究人员称这项工作“令人振奋”，第四段的The Post the discovery, based on saliva(唾液) absorbed into the clay pipe, was a “mind-blower”.可知这一基于人们从陶土管茎中吸收的唾液的发现是令人兴奋的。综上，第一段和第四段中“a mind-blower”一词指的“一件兴奋的事”故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting．Also it is exciting for descendant(后裔) communities. Through this technology, they’re able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa.（能够从像管茎这样的物体中获得DNA是相当令人兴奋的。对于其后代来说也是令人兴奋的。通过这项技术，他们不仅可以与该地点建立联系，还可以回到那时的非洲。）可知，调查组成员Hannes Schroeder对此次陶土管茎中提取到DNA感到非常兴奋，所以根据Hannes Schroeder的说法，陶土管茎具有重要的意义，因为它包含了这份DNA拥有者的祖先的遗传线索，可以帮助生物学家们进行研究。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，为了纪念第一批被奴役的美国人于1619年抵达弗吉尼亚的詹姆斯敦400周年，人们举行了各种活动和仪式，由此可推知美国奴隶制的历史一直是人们关注的话题。而文章并未提及这个陶土管茎的主人曾经的住处，故A项错误；贝尔沃种植园是这个陶土管茎的发现地，那里的奴隶一直生活到1864年，而不是非洲奴隶在到达贝尔沃种植园时失去了他们的身份，故C项错误；再根据倒数第二段的内容可知，只提到了系谱学家Nancy Daniels对此次发现颇感兴奋，而并未提及她因没有参加这项研究而感到遗憾，故D项正确，综上，故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的第一段的…to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern-day Sierra Leone.（考古学家们从马里兰州发现的一根断裂的陶土管茎中提取DNA，制作了一幅200年前死去的奴隶妇女的画像）和第二段的Also it is exciting for descendant(后裔) communities…they’re able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa.（能够从一个破碎的陶土管茎上提取DNA相当令人兴奋的，对于其后代来说也是令人兴奋的）可知，本文主要讲了考古学家们从马里兰州发现的一根断裂的陶土管茎中提取DNA，制作了一幅200年前死去的奴隶妇女的画像，而使得研究者们非常兴奋，这次发现对被奴役者的起源起着至关重要的作用，故可知文章最好的标题是A选项（从陶土的一根管茎中提取的DNA揭示了被奴役者的起源。）故选A。
第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Art galleries are places in which artists can display all types of works of art, including paintings, drawings, photographs, sculptures,etc. ____16____ At the same time, however, each artwork must be protected from exposure to too much light since that can cause works to fade and therefore get ruined. ___17___
The most common form of lighting used to light up artwork is indoor spotlights on tracks attached to the ceiling near where the work is being displayed.____18____ It permits the lights to be moved more easily when the light patterns require adjusting. Recessed(嵌入的)lights in walls and ceilings can be useful so long as they are not fixed in place but can instead be easily moved to create ideal light patterns. Most art gallery directors state that a combination of tracked and recessed light equipment is ideal because the tracked lights focus directly on the artwork while the recessed lights are used on the nearby walls to provide a surrounding light source.___19___
How to angle the lights depends upon the height of the ceiling and the size of the artwork. Caution must be taken to avoid creating too many areas with shadows or to have the lights cause a glare on the artwork. Besides, the lights should not be bare bulbs burning directly on the artwork but should be made in some way to make the lighting softer. According to experts, low voltage(电压)bulbs are the best to use when lighting artwork.____20____ Thus artwork should be placed in a room where sunlight can’t directly hit it.
A. It can make the displays attractive.
B. Using tracked lighting is beneficial.
C. Light plays a key role in art galleries.
D. This light source can better improve the mood surrounding the work.
E. To better improve their appearance, the display area needs to be well lit.
F. Finding a happy medium between not enough light and too much of it requires considerable skill and experience.
G. Above all, natural light should be avoided since direct sunlight will damage artwork, particularly paintings,over time.
【答案】16. E 17. F 18. B 19. D 20. G
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了美术馆是艺术家可以展示各种艺术作品的地方，包括绘画、绘画、照片、雕塑等，但美术馆的灯光也是十分重要的。
【16题详解】
根据空后的At the same time, however, each artwork must be protected from exposure to too much light（但同时，每件艺术品都必须避免暴露在过多的光线下）可知，E选项中的be well lit和too much light相呼应，且E选项（为了更好地改善它们的外观，展示区域需要有良好的照明。）承接下文，故选E。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容At the same time, however, each artwork must be protected from exposure to too much light since that can cause works to fade and therefore get ruined. 可知，为了完善在美术馆的艺术作品陈列的效果，就需要良好的照明，而过多的暴露在光线下，会有损作品，所以需要在光线不足和光线过多之间找到一个适合的平衡点，这就需要相当的技巧和经验，F选项可以承接上文内容，故选F。
【18题详解】
根据空前的The most common form of lighting used to light up artwork is indoor spotlights on tracks attached to the ceiling near where the work is being displayed.（用来照亮艺术品的最常见的照明形式是室内射灯，射灯安装在靠近作品展示处的天花板上。）可知，该句中的tracks和B选项中tracked相呼应，且句意（使用履带式照明是有益的。）承接下文，这种履带式照明的灯光更容易移动，故选B。
【19题详解】
根据空前的a combination of tracked and recessed light equipment is ideal because the tracked lights focus directly on the artwork while the recessed lights are used on the nearby walls to provide a surrounding light source.（履带灯和嵌入式灯的组合是理想的，因为履带灯直接聚焦在艺术品上，而嵌入式灯用于附近的墙壁，提供周围的光源。）可知，D选项（这种组合光源可以更好的改善作品周围的环境）能更好地顺承下文，故选D。
【20题详解】
根据空前内容Thus artwork should be placed in a room where sunlight can’t directly hit it.（因此，艺术品应该放在阳光无法直接照射到的地方。）可知，G选项中sunlight和下文sunlight相呼应，且语义（最重要的是，应该避免自然光，因为阳光直射会损坏艺术品，尤其是绘画作品。）承接下文，故选G。
【点睛】单词复现法是七选五常用的做题技巧之一。选项中的词和原文中的词相呼应，如第5小题，G选项中sunlight和下文sunlight相呼应；选项中的词也有可能以词性相互转化的形式出现，如第1小题，E选项中的be well lit和too much light相呼应。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共三节，满分55分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It started on a Friday___21___when the 5-year-old and his older brother were playing___22___ their home near the resort town of Aspen, Colorado. Hearing the sound of___23___, the mother raced to her front yard to find a ___24___sight: A mountain lion was bent over her 5-year-old son, biting him. The poor boy was completely under the cat and was___25___to get free.
So the mother ___26___. She charged at the animal, pulled away one of its ___27___suddenly with a lot of force and discovered her son’s whole head was in its mouth. She didn’t back down. The mother ___28___ the lion’s mouth and got it open,___29___ the boy. She then quickly picked him up and ran away.
The boys’ father had just returned from a run when the ___30___ occurred. He ___31___into the car with his wife and sons and called 911 shortly before 8 p.m., as they ___32___ to a hospital in Aspen. The boy suffered cuts to his___33___, face and neck. The mother ___34___ bite marks on her hand and scratches on her leg. Aspen Valley Hospital reported that the child was not seriously injured and in___35___ condition and has since been ___36___ to Children’s Hospital in Denver for his recovery.
The mountain lion was estimated to be about 2 years old and was not fully grown. It was, perhaps, forced out to hunt on its own. Young lions may be keen on easy___37___, like pets and small children.___38___,it wasn’t a big cat. Had it been a 110-pound lion -- which was once seen around there -- this would have been a much ___39___ story.
The mother, who had to physically remove the lion’s paws from her son's face, is credited with ___40___ his life. She’s a real hero.
21. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening D. noon
22. A. inside B. outside C. towards D. under
23. A. screams B. laughter C. applause D. cheers
24. A. surprising B. magical C. moving D. terrifying
25. A. running B. waiting C. struggling D. walking
26. A. sprang into action B. burst into tears C. thought twice D. pulled out
27. A. eyes B. paws C. ears D. teeth
28. A. grabbed B. covered C. beat D. kissed
29. A. comforting B. scolding C. stopping D. freeing
30. A. error B. attack C. headache D. comedy
31. A. crashed B. looked C. jogged D. jumped
32. A. sped B. drove C. crawled D. got
33. A. legs B. feet C. head D. bottom
34. A. suffered B. carved C. drew D. removed
35. A. terrible B. fair C. bad D. poor
36. A. carried B. advised C. sold D. transferred
37. A. plants B. toys C. targets D. animals
38. A. Occasionally B. Generally C. Eventually D. Fortunately
39. A. beautiful B. happy C. different D. awesome
40. A. wasting B. saving C. ending D. risking
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B 36. D 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了美国科罗拉多州的一位母亲撬开美洲师的嘴解救了自己5岁的儿子的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事情发生在一个周五的晚上，当时这名5岁的男孩和他的哥哥正在位于科罗拉多州度假胜地阿斯彭附近的家外面玩耍。A. morning早上；B. afternoon下午；C. evening傍晚；D. noon中午。根据下文的called 911 shortly before 8 p.m.可知，故事的发生时间是在傍晚，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：事情发生在一个周五的晚上，当时这名5岁的男孩和他的哥哥正在位于科罗拉多州度假胜地阿斯彭附近的家外面玩耍。A. inside在……里面；B. outside在……外面；C. towards朝着；D. under在……下。根据下文的the mother raced to her front yard可知，男孩的妈妈听到尖叫声后往前院跑去，可推知他们正在户外玩耍，故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：听到尖叫声，母亲跑到她的前院发现了一个可怕的景象:一只美洲狮俯在她5岁的儿子身上咬他。A. screams尖叫；B. laughter嘲笑；C. applause欢呼；D. cheers喝彩声。根据下文的A mountain lion was bent over her 5-year-old son, biting him.可知，5岁的男孩遭到了老虎的袭击，因此发出了尖叫声，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听到尖叫声，母亲跑到她的前院发现了一个可怕的景象:一只美洲狮俯在她5岁的儿子身上咬他。A. surprising令人惊讶的；B. magical魔术的；C. moving令人感动的；D. terrifying令人恐惧的。根据A mountain lion was bent over her 5-year-old son, 可知，a ___4___sight:中的冒号的作用是后文用来解释sight，冒号后提到一只美洲狮俯在她5岁的儿子身上咬他，故形容这是一个可怕的（terrifying）景象，故选D。
25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个可怜的男孩完全被那只狮子压在下面，挣扎着要挣脱出来。A. running跑；B. waiting等待；C. struggling斗争；D. walking走路。根据The poor boy was completely under the cat 可知，男孩被狮子压在下面，挣扎着要挣脱出来，struggle to do sth.意为“挣扎着做某事”，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：于母亲立即行动起来。A. sprang into action突然行动起来；B. burst into tears突然大哭；C. thought twice再三考虑；D. pulled out退出、拉出。根据上文A mountain lion was bent over her 5-year-old son, biting him.可知，母亲看到这种场景，出于本能母亲马上开始行动，spring into action意为“行动起来”，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她冲过去，猛地把它的一只爪子扯开，发现儿子的整个头都在它的嘴里。A. eyes 眼睛；B. paws爪子；C. ears耳朵；D. teeth牙齿。根据空前的 She charged at the animal, pulled away one of its和常识可知，男孩的母亲冲过去扯开的是狮子的其中一只爪子，A、C、D三个选项不符合逻辑，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有退缩。母亲抓住狮子的嘴，把狮子嘴掰开，男孩逃脱了。A. grabbed抓住；B. covered覆盖；C. beat打败；D. kissed亲吻。根据上文的discovered her son’s whole head was in its mouth可知，当母亲发现儿子的整个头都在狮子的嘴里，于是就抓住（grabbed）狮子的嘴，把狮子嘴掰开，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有退缩。母亲抓住狮子的嘴，把狮子嘴掰开，男孩逃脱了。A. comforting使舒适；B. scolding责骂；C. stopping停止；D. freeing使自由。根据上文The mother ___8___ the lion’s mouth and got it open可知，母亲为了救男孩采取的一系列行动，男孩逃脱了，free在此处意为“使自由、释放”，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：袭击发生时，男孩们的父亲刚跑步回来。A. error错误；B. attack袭击；C. headache头痛；D. comedy喜剧。由上文可知，美洲狮在啃咬5岁的男孩，所以动物袭击了人类。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他和妻子、儿子一起跳进车里，在快到晚上8点时拨打了911，随后他们迅速赶往阿斯彭的一家医院。A. crashed碰撞；B. looked看；C. jogged慢跑；D. jumped跳。根据上文的She then quickly picked him up and ran away.可知，妻子和儿子挣扎逃脱了，父亲刚好撞见这一幕，事出紧急，带着妻子和儿子跳（jump）进车里，故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他和妻子、儿子一起跳进车里，在快到晚上8点时拨打了911，随后他们迅速赶往阿斯彭的一家医院。A. sped加速；B. drove驾驶；C. crawled爬行；D. got得到。根据下文The boy suffered cuts to his___13___, face and neck. The mother ___14___ bite marks on her hand and scratches on her leg. 可知，儿子和妻子身上都有伤，所以他们加快了前往医院的步伐，speed在此处意为“加速”，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：男孩的头部、脸部和颈部都有伤口。A. legs腿；B. feet脚；C. head头；D. bottom臀部。根据上文的discovered her son’s whole head was in its mouth可知，男孩儿的整个头部被狮子袭击了，所以是头部（head）有伤，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：母亲手上有咬痕，腿上有抓痕。A. suffered遭受；B. carved雕刻；C. drew画；D. removed移除。根据The mother ___14___ bite marks on her hand and scratches on her leg. 句意可知，母亲为了保护男孩，手上腿上也受（suffer）了伤，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Aspen Valley医院报告说，这名儿童伤势不重，情况良好，已经被转移到Denver儿童医院进行恢复治疗。A. terrible可怕的；B. fair相当好的；C. bad坏的；D. poor贫穷的。根据上文的the child was not seriously injured可知，男孩的情况良好，in fair condition意为“处于好的情况”，故选B。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Aspen Valley医院报告说，这名儿童伤势不重，情况良好，已经被转移到Denver儿童医院进行恢复治疗。A. carried携带；B. advised建议；C. sold买；D. transferred移交。根据in___15___ condition and has since been ___16___ to Children’s Hospital in Denver for his recovery句意可知，男孩情况良好，可被转移（be transferred to）到Denver儿童医院进行治疗，故选D。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：小狮子可能喜欢容易的目标，比如宠物和小孩子。A. plants植物；B. toys玩具；C. targets目标；D. animals动物。根据 like pets and small children.和常识可知，小狮子喜欢攻击像宠物和小孩子这样容易的目标，故选C。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，它不是一只大猫。A. Occasionally偶然地；B. Generally总体上；C. Eventually最终；D. Fortunately幸运的是。根据it wasn’t a big cat.和母子俩的所受的伤可知，幸运的是（fortunately），母子俩受到了小狮子的攻击只受了轻伤，故选D。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果这是一头110磅重的狮子——曾经在那里看到过—— 那么情况就会大不一样了。A. beautiful美丽的；B. happy开心的；C. different不同的；D. awesome可怕的。根据Had it been a 110-pound lion -- which was once seen around there可知，如果是一头重达110磅的狮子，母子俩的遭遇将会不同于（different）当前的遭遇，故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位母亲不得不把狮子的爪子从儿子的脸上移开，这被认为是救了儿子的命。她是个真正的英雄。A. wasting浪费；B. saving拯救；C. ending结束；D. risking冒险。根据第二段内容可知，母亲采取一系列的行动，救下了（save）自己的儿子的命，故选B。
第II卷（共60分）
第二节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The first UN Chinese Language Day at the United Nations ___41___ (observe)on Friday at UN Headquarters in New York in 2010.___42___the world’s most widely spoken language, it seems appropriate that Mandarin(普通话)has one day annually dedicated to it. This ___43___ (official) marked day of Mandarin language celebration was set by the United Nations as a way of celebrating the language’s history and ___44___(contribution)to the world. It is hoped that having one day annually ___45___(celebrate)Mandarin will encourage more people around the world to take it up. With China likely to become the ___46___(large)economy in the world, it is important that the wider world becomes more interested in this wonderful language. Every year UN Chinese Language Day ___47___(fall)on April 20. A great way to get ___48___(involve)in the celebration is to join a Mandarin class or attend one of the many Confucius Institutes ___49___are set up by China in countries around the world. The number of people learning Chinese is on ___50___increase in China’s neighboring countries, such as Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.
【答案】41. was observed
42. As 43. officially
44. contributions
45. to celebrate
46. largest
47. falls 48. involved
49. that/which
50. the
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是为了庆祝汉语的历史和对世界的贡献，联合国于每年的4月20日设立为汉语日。这将鼓励世界各地更多的人学习汉语。
【41题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：2010年，第一个联合国中文日在纽约联合国总部举行。分析句子结构可知，空处填谓语动词，根据in 2010年的时间状语可知，句子用一般过去式，结合句意可知，此处observe有“庆祝”之意，与主语The first UN Chinese Language Day是被动关系，综上，空处应填一般过去时的被动语态，故填was observed。
【42题详解】
考查介句。句意：作为世界上使用最广泛的语言，这似乎是合适的，每年有一天是专门为普通话设立的。分析句子结构可知，空处填介词，再根据句意可知，as意为“作为”，与句意相符，故填As。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：这个由联合国官方设立的汉语日是为了庆祝汉语的历史和对世界的贡献。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词修饰动词marked，officially是official的副词形式，意为“正式地、官方地”与题意相符，故填officially。
【44题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：这个由联合国设立的官方的汉语日是为了庆祝汉语的历史和对世界的贡献。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词，contribution作抽象概念“贡献”讲时，是不可数名词，不用复数，但如果表示一次性的行为时可以是可数的，此处暗指汉语对世界作出的多重贡献，故用其复数形式，故填contributions。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：人们希望每年有一天的时间来庆祝普通话，这将鼓励世界各地更多的人学习普通话。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，再根据句意可知，空处填非谓语动词做目的状语，故填to celebrate。
【46题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：随着中国可能成为世界上最大的经济体，更广泛的世界对这门美妙的语言更感兴趣是很重要的。根据空前的the和句意可知，空处填形容词的最高级，故填largest。
【47题详解】
考查时态。句意：每年的4月20日是联合国汉语日。分析句子结构可知，空处填时态，再结合句意可知，每年有固定日期庆祝联合国汉语日，故用一般现在时，又因主语是单数形式，故填falls。
【48题详解】
考查词组。句意：参加庆祝活动的一个好方法是参加汉语班或参加中国在世界各国设立的众多孔子学院。根据句意可知，be/get involved in是固定搭配，意为“涉及到、参加”，故填involved。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句的关系词。句意：参加庆祝活动的一个好方法是参加汉语班或参加中国在世界各国设立的众多孔子学院。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词many Confucius Institutes，且先行词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词that/which来引导定语从句，故填that/which。
【50题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在中国的邻国，如韩国、日本和越南，学习汉语的人数正在增加。根据句意可知，on the increase是固定搭配，意为“正在增加、不断增长”，故填the。
第三节：词汇运用（共5小题，每题1分，共5分）
请根据语境用括号内单词的正确形式或根据汉语意思填空，每空一词。
51. Hundreds of _______________(请柬) are being sent out this week.
52. The salesgirl pretended not to hear me and went on ______（闲谈）with a lady in blue .
53. Had he anything to say in ___________（explain） of his behaviour?
54. If the exercise causes ________(comfort), stop immediately.
55. She has been fully __________(occupy) with work recently.
【答案】51. invitations
52. chatting
53. explanation
54. discomfort
55. occupied
【解析】
【51题详解】
考查名词。句意：本周发出了数百份请柬。分析句子结构可知，用处填名词的复数，再根据已给信息，invitation意为“邀请函、请柬”，故填invitations。
【52题详解】
考查动词。句意：女售货员假装没听见，继续和一位穿蓝衣服的女士聊天。分析句子结构可知，空处填动词的分词形式，再根据句意可知，go on doing sth意为“继续做……”，故填chatting。
【53题详解】
考查名词。句意：他有什么话可以解释他的行为吗? 介词in后接名词作宾语，空处填explain的名词形式，explanation是explain的名词形式，意为“解释”，故填explanation。
【54题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果运动引起不适，立即停止。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词作宾语，再结合句意可知，discomfort意为“不适”，与题意相符，故填discomfort。
【55题详解】
考查动词。句意：她最近一直忙于工作。分析句子结构可知，主语she与谓语动词occupy是被动关系，空处填过去分词，has been done是现在完成时的被动语态，故填occupied。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
56.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分
It was a math test, for which I have prepared for a long time. So much importance I attach to it that I even felt a little nervous before a test. My heart began to beat wild immediately I took my seat in the classrooms. Looking at the test paper, our mind went blank. I attempted to focus my attention and it was impossible. So I closed my eyes and took a deep breath, try to calm down. It worked. Gradually I recovered from my calmness. Feeling more relaxing, I picked up my pen and began to write.
【答案】1.have→had
2.I前添加did
3.a→the或that
4.wild→wildly
5.classrooms→classroom
6.our→my
7.and→but
8.try→trying
9.去掉from
10.relaxing→relaxed
【解析】
分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者参加一次准备了很久了数学测试，作者非常重视这次考试以致于在考场中大脑突然一片空白。最终通过自我调节恢复了冷静放松的故事。
【详解】1.考查动词时态。句意：这是一场我准备了很长时间的数学考试。根据句意可知，prepare动作发生在数学考试之前，即“过去的过去”，故应用过去完成时，have改为had。
2.考查倒装句。在so…that/such…that句型中so，such 位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，根据语境描述过去的事情用一般过去时。故在I前添加助动词did。
3.考查冠词。句意：我如此重视它，以至于在考试前我甚至感到有点紧张。此处特指上文提到的a math test，故应用定冠词the或者指示代词that。故将a改为the/that。
4.考查副词。beat为动词，需要副词修饰，故wild改为wildly。
5.考查名词的数。句意：我一在教室里坐下，我的心就狂跳起来。此处“教室”只有一间，故应用单数形式，classrooms改为classroom。
6.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：看着试卷，我的脑子一片空白。根据前后文，此处指代作者一个人，故our改为my。
7.考查连词。句意：我试图集中注意力，但是不可能。根据句意前后为转折关系，故and改为but。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：于是我闭上眼睛，深深地吸了一口气，试图平静下来。try在本句中做非谓语与逻辑主语构成主谓关系，故try改为trying。
9.考查介词。recover为及物动词，可以直接跟宾语，故后面不需要介词，故去掉from。
10.考查形容词。句意：我感到放松一些了，便拿起笔开始写。修饰主语I，指人，应用-ed结尾形容词，故relaxing改为relaxed。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
57.假定你是红星中学的李华，你的英国朋友Peter热爱体育运动，他将作为交换生到你校学习一年。请你给他写封邮件，主要内容包括:
1. 介绍你校体育课程及活动;
2. 推荐一项中国传统体育项目。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m glad to hear that you will come to our school on a one-year exchange program. Since you enjoy sports, I would like to introduce the sports courses in our school as well as a Chinese traditional sport.
First of all, for each class in our school, there are two to three periods of PE class every week. Basic courses, including playing basketball and running, are offered to students. Besides, the school sports meeting is held annually, which students can take part in according to their interests. What I recommend to you to learn is Chinese kungfu, a traditional sport in China. Practicing it regularly will help you stay fit in a fantastic way.
Looking forward to your arrival!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本书面表达是一篇提纲类写作。要求以李华的名义用英语给英国朋友Peter写一封邮件。
【详解】书信类作文。写作提要为假定你是红星中学的李华，你的英国朋友Peter热爱体育运动，他将作为交换生到你校学习一年。请你给他写封邮件，主要内容包括：1. 介绍你校体育课程及活动；2. 推荐一项中国传统体育项目。我们所要做的就是用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。本作文中给出的要点比较简略，故需要自由发挥的地方较多。需要注意不要偏离文章中心。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，一定要契合整个文章,不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，文章词数适当。作者在文中使用了较多的高级表达方式。如Besides, the school sports meeting is held annually, which students can take part in according to their interests.使用了定语从句；Chinese calligraphy is the treasure of traditional Chinese culture, which has a history of 5,000 years.使用了定语从句；What I recommend to you to learn is Chinese kungfu, a traditional sport in China.使用了名词性从句；Practicing it regularly will help you stay fit in a fantastic way.使用了动名词作主语。另外文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。