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2019届江苏省七市高三上学期第一次调研考试 英语（解析版）
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班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
2019届江苏省南通泰州七市高三上学期
第一次调研考试
英 语
注意事项：
1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第I卷（选择题）
一、单项选择
1．Thanks to the efforts in environmental protection, the wetland has been _____ to its original appearance.
A．restored B．delivered
C．transferred D．drafted
2．The village evolved into a major e-commerce center, and _____ the past, the villagers owed their success to the reform and opening-up policy.
A．reviewed B．reviewing
C．to review D．being reviewed
3．—Ted has never been so rude!
—He ______something he shouldn’t have, but I guess he didn’t mean that.
A．has said B．had said
C．said D．was saying
4．Jack’s fellow workers often turn to him for help when trapped in trouble because he is a _____of ideas.
A．fountain B．session
C．diagram D．resource
5．The press should expand its influence in international public opinion to make China’s voice better ____in the world.
A．hearing B．to be heard
C．hear D．heard
6．Taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, _____has been predicted, is fruitful.
A．what B．which
C．as D．that
7．Since the match is over, we can ____by travelling and stop thinking about basketball.
A．dive in B．switch off
C．pull out D．split up
8．To make a breakthrough in his scientific research, the scientist has been making a(n) _____amount of effort.
A．modest B．miserable
C．optional D．tremendous
9．—Kevin, time for the next destination!
—No hurry! Another 15 minutes and we _____ all the exhibition rooms of the museum.
A．am exploring B．have explored
C．will explore D．will have explored
10．If it had not been for the heroes’ contributions and sacrifices, we _____such a happy life.
A．wouldn’t have led B．wouldn’t be leading
C．haven’t led D．are not leading
11．The bus dropped me off and pulled away _____I realized I had left my bag on it.
A．while B．before
C．after D．since
12．If we surround ourselves with people _____our major purpose, we can get their support and encouragement.
A．in sympathy with B．in terms of
C．in honour of D．in contrast with
13．It was announced that only after the candidates’ papers were collected _____to leave the room.
A．had they been permitted B．would they be permitted
C．that they would be permitted D．that they had been permitted
14．—-What difference will it make _____we shall go to the concert on Tuesday or Saturday?
—They offer a discount on weekdays.
A．that B．when
C．if D．why
15．—What a mess! You’re always throwing things about.
—Don’t be ____, Mum. I will tidy it up now.
A．hot under the collar B．on cloud nine
C．off the top of your head D．down in the dumps
二、完形填空
When I was 13 years old, I stopped speaking. I’m still not exactly sure 16 一 I think I felt that words got me into trouble. The boys in my class were always 17 me, telling me to shut up. One day, I 18 into uncontrollable sobs behind the sports hall.
So throughout my 19 , I clammed up一dealing with the wider world only in whispers and shrugs. My
isolation(孤立）led to indescribable 20 that nothing could relieve. I couldn’t 21 or socialise. Then, at 15, a psychologist saw 22 in me—She said I was in intelligent but 23 , and needed to change schools for a fresh start.
My parents sent me to a different comprehensive. I knew no one and I had the chance to 24 myself. Cheered by the psychologist’s 25 in me, I worked hard and became a swot(刻苦学习的人).As a result, my parents were 26 . Finally at 20, I was referred to a psychiatrist and he diagnosed me with a mild form of autism(自闭症).It was such a(n) 27 to know what was happening that I cried on the bus on the way home.
It took a further five years to 28 again, a decision that was as much a surprise to me as it was to everyone else. I 29 myself hard, becoming more confident. Gradually, I 30 my speech. I definitely get more than usual pleasure from the use of 31 . It’s still such a fresh experience for me 32 different words—ones that can sound so complex, and carry so much 33 .
When I think of what I have 34 , I feel like crying, but I don’t 35 it up anymore. Instead, I enjoy talking about it.
16．A．when B．why C．how D．where
17．A．encouraging B．teasing C．ignoring D．praising
18．A．collapsed B．divided C．looked D．laughed
19．A．teens B．experiences C．education D．life
20．A．tiredness B．boredom C．loneliness D．guilt
21．A．wait B．sing C．mix D．move
22．A．potential B．weakness C．justice D．ambition
23．A．arbitrary B．innocent C．conventional D．insecure
24．A．entertain B．abandon C．comfort D．reinvent
25．A．interest B．faith C．investment D．patience
26．A．proud B．passive C．cautious D．curious
27．A．surprise B．embarrassment C．pity D．relief
28．A．complain B．connect C．study D．speak
29．A．struck B．drew N C．pushed D．rushed
30．A．put out B．built up C．looked through D．took down
31．A．language B．knowledge C．wisdom D．imagination
32．A．discovering B．underlining C．compiling D．creating
33．A．responsibility B．flexibility C．emotion D．depression
34．A．held on to B．looked forward to C．stayed away from D．missed out on
35．A．sum B．bottle C．think D．polish
三、阅读理解
Travelling with skiing or snowboarding equipment can be a bit of an effort, particularly if you’re swapping between buses, trains and planes. Take a simpler, more direct route to the four Alpine options on the Eurostar at London St. Pancras International or Ashford.
La Rosière
Sainte Foy
Great ski conditions aren’t a one-off here, thanks to
The slopes are quiet, the lift queues non-existent,
the resort’s high altitude and its mostly south-
and snowy forests and breathtaking mountain
facing and therefore sunny-slopes. It’s a family
views dominate(控制）your eyeline. This resort is
friendly resort and kids will enjoy skiing through
not a place to come if you like to party, but it’s a
the trees and tunnels on adventure trail.
great choice for those who want to progress on
wide, empty pistes.
Moûtiers
Tignes
It is a good resort for first-time skiers. Those new
It may not be the prettiest resort in the French Alps,
to the sport can book a holiday safe in the
but what it lacks in cuteness, it more than makes up
knowledge that they’re not stuck up a snowy
for in convenience, taking the concept of ski-in ski-
mountain if the sport isn’t for them. The town itself
out to a whole new level. Its high-quality snow
has a Museum of Popular Traditions.
conditions are all but guaranteed.
Need to know
You can take one pair of skis or one snowboard on board with you in addition to your standard adult
luggage allowance. For safety reasons, skis and snowboards have to be kept in a protective case that
covers the whole item.
There’s a travel class to suit every budget and style. Though the seats are roomy and comfortable, it’s
worth nothing there are no sleeper bunk beds. With free Wi-Fi for all, you can stay connected all the way.
36．If one is looking for a peaceful and crowd-free ski resort, he will probably choose_____.
A．La Rosière B．Sainte Foy
C．Moûtiers D．Tignes
37．From the passage, we can know that_________.
A．the Eurostar offers easy access to popular Alpine ski resorts.
B．there is no restriction on well-protected equipment on board.
C．travelers can have a good sleep on comfortable bunk beds on board
D．free Wi-Fi is provided on board for travellers who upgrade their travel class
When a driver slams on the brakes to avoid hitting a pedestrian crossing the road illegally, she is making a moral decision that shifts risk from the pedestrian to the people in the car. Self-driving cars might soon have to make such ethical (道德的)judgments on their own — but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task, suggests a survey.
The largest ever survey of machine ethics, called the Moral Machine, laid out 13 possible situations in which someone’s death was unavoidable. Respondents were asked to choose who to spare in situations that involved a mix of variables: young or old, rich or poor, more people or fewer. Within 18 months, the online quiz had recorded 40 million decisions made by people from 233 countries and territories.
When the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into three groups. One contains North America and several European nations where Christianity has been the dominant (占支配地位的)religion; another includes countries such as Japan, Indonesia and Pakistan, with strong Confucian or Islamic traditions. A third group consists of countries in Central and South America, such as Colombia and Brazil. The first group showed a stronger preference for sacrificing older lives to save younger ones than did the second group, for example.
The researchers also identified relationships between social and economic factors in a country. They found that people from relatively wealthy countries with strong institutions, such as Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than did respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria or Pakistan.
People rarely face such moral dilemmas, and some cities question whether the possible situations posed in the online quiz are relevant to the ethical and practical questions surrounding driverless cars. But the researchers argue that the findings reveal cultural differences that governments and makers of self-driving cars must take into account if they want the vehicles to gain public acceptance.
At least Barbara Wege, who heads a group working on autonomous-vehicle ethics at Audi in Ingolstadt, Germany, says such studies are valuable. Wege argues that self-driving cars would cause fewer accidents, proportionally, than human drivers do each year—but that people might focus more on events involving robots.
Surveys such as the Moral Machine can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents that might develop trust. “We need to come up with a social consensus,” she says, “about which risks we are willing to take.”
38．Why is it difficult to set universal moral rules for programming self-driving cars?
A．Social values always change with the times.
B．Moral choices vary between different cultures.
C．Drivers have a preference for sacrificing the weak.
D．Car makers are faced with decisions of life or death.
39．The researchers conducted the study by_____.
A．using a massive online quiz worldwide
B．comparing different cultures and customs
C．dividing the respondents into three groups
D．performing a series of controlled experiments
40．According to the study, in which country are drivers more likely to hit a pedestrian crossing the road illegally?
A．Nigeria B．Colombia
C．Finland D．Indonesia
41．Barbara Wege would probably agree that _____.
A．Self-driving cars will greatly improve the traffic environment
B．Accidents caused by self-driving cars might receive more attention
C．Problems involving self-driving cars might shake the public trust in society
D．Car makers needn’t take the risk of solving self-driving car ethical dilemmas
Statistics often sounds like a dry subject, but sometimes it’s necessary to take a statistics course to get the correct answer to this problem. Take the following case for example: a football scout (球探）hears of a player who has powered his team to a good win-loss record. His coaches think he’s one of the most talented players they’ve seen. But the scout is unimpressed by the one practice game he sees him in; he tells his manager it’s not worth trying to recruit (录用）the player.
Most sports fans would think that was a pretty foolish decision, right? Athletic performance is much too variable to base an important judgment on such a small sample. But consider this problem: an employer gets an application from a junior executive (主管人员）with an excellent college record and strong references from his current employer. The employer interviews the applicant and is unimpressed. The employer tells his colleagues that it’s not worthwhile recruiting him.
Most people regard this as a reasonable sort of decision. But it isn’t. Countless studies show that the unstructured 30-minute interview is virtually worthless as a predictor of long-term performance by any criteria that have been examined.
In both cases, predictions based on references-school reports, prior performance, letters of recommendation-give a 65-75% chance of choosing the better of the two.
Why do we get the athletic problem right and the employment problem wrong? Because in the case of the job, unlike for athletic performance, we haven’t seen hundreds of candidates in interviews of a particular type and seen how well performance in the interview corresponds to ultimate (最终的）performance in the setting we’re concerned about. We haven’t seen that the guy who looks like a fool in the interview turns out to be clever on the job and the guy who does well in the interview turns out to be average. The only way to see that the interview isn’t going to be worth much is to be able to apply the “law of large numbers”，which assists the recognition that an interview represents a very small sample of behavior.
The bottom line: there’s safety in numbers. The more recommendations a person has, the more positive the outcome is likely to be for the employer. Consider the job interview: it’s not only a tiny sample, it’s not even a sample of job behavior but of something else entirely. Psychological theory and data show that we are incapable of treating the interview data as little more than unreliable gossip. It’s just too compelling (强迫性的）that we’ve learned a lot from those 30 minutes.
My recommendation is not to interview at all unless you’re going to develop an interview protocol (体系),with the help of a professional, which is based on careful analysis of what you are looking for in a job candidate. And then ask exactly the same questions of every candidate. It’s harder to develop such a protocol than you might guess. But it can really pay off.
42．The cases in the first two paragraphs are meant to_____.
A．illustrate the influence of fans
B．show the weaknesses of scouts
C．attach importance to interviews
D．introduce the topic of the passage
43．The author believes that ____.
A．the setting in the job interview is too artificial to be convincing
B．a successful candidate usually uses tricks to cover his real characters
C．a small sample is not enough to make a generalized judgement of a candidate
D．the number of candidates hasn’t satisfied the requirements for a job interview
44．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How employees are selected
B．Where statistics are available
C．Why job interviews are pointless
D．When recommendations are needed
Tens of thousands of young in Britain who are struggling with their mental health are seeking help online for problems such as anxiety, self-harm, and depression.
Soaring numbers of under-18s are turning to apps, online counselling and “mood diaries” to help them manage and recover from conditions that have left them feeling low, isolated and, in some cases, suicidal.
A generation of young people are attracted by being able to receive fast, personal care and advice using their phone rather than having to wait up to 18 months to be treated by an NHS mental heath professional.
The shift comes as ministers prepare themselves for publication on Thursday of the first new figures for 13 years showing how common mental health problems are in the young mainly as a result of the emergence of social media and its use in fuelling feelings of inadequacy.
The number of under-18s using Kooth, a free online counselling(咨询的）service, has shot up from 20,000 in 2015 to 65,000 last year, and is forecast to rise further to 100,000 this year.
One hundred NHS clinical commissioning groups across England, more than half the total, have now commissioned the service. It helps young people suffering from anxiety, low mood, poor self-worth or confidence, self-harm and loneliness.
“Young people like the fact they can talk to a counsellor either instantly, or within 10 minutes, for up to an hour in the evenings. They love that immediacy”，said Aaron Sefi, the research and evaluation director at XenZone, the company behind Kooth.
“They also love the anonymity involved, because they can sign up without giving their personal details. Plus, they’re in control, because they are choosing to contact us rather than being told to do so.”
In addition, 123,138 people in the UK download. Calm Harm, an NHS-approved app that helps people self-harm less often or not at all, between April 2017 and this month.
“Users tell us that Calm Harm helps with suicidal thoughts and intent,” said Dr. Nihara Krause, the consultant clinical psychologist who developed the app. “Currently 92% of our users, who are mainly female and often aged 15-21, say the urge reduced.”
Calm Harm is among 18 apps that NHS England has endorsed(支持）to help cope with mental ill-health. They also include Bluelce, which helps young people manage their emotions using a mood diary and automatic routing(自动转接) to emergency help numbers if their urges to self-harm continue.
Experts welcomed the trend but warned that online help must complement, not replace, face-to-face appointments with therapists, psychologists and psychiatrists.
“Most young people spend much of their time online, and it can feel easier for them to communicate through messaging and online services than face-to-face,” said Tom Madders, campaigns director at Young Minds, which helps people under 26.
“Evidence-based mental health apps and online support services can be really beneficial in helping young people to look after their own mental health, develop strategies for coping with difficult emotions, and get accessible information and advice when they need it.”
Claire Murdoch, NHS England’s national mental health director, said: “Technology is constantly evolving and young people are usually at the forefront, so it’s no surprise increasing numbers are turning to services like these which can certainly play a part, particularly when backed up by face-to-face support.”
The NHS’s forthcoming long-term plan, due next month, will “harness(利用）all of the benefits these advancements can bring”，she added.
Meanwhile, 37% of the young people referred to NHS child and adolescent mental health services (Camhs) in England last year were refused help, the children’s commissioner has revealed.
In an analysis of Camhs care published on Thursday, the children’s commissioner for England, Anne Longfield, says that despite promises by politicians and NHS bosses to improve access, “a vast gap remains between what is provided and what children need”.
While she found improvements in several areas of care, including care for eating disorders, new mothers and under- 18s in the criminal justice system, overall “the current rate of progress is still not good enough for the majority of children who require help but are not receiving it”.
45．Online help can be characterized as .______
A．instant, confidential and controllable
B．attractive, convenient and symbolic
C．effective, accessible and controversial
D．considerate, authentic and impractical
46．Teenagers suffer from mental problems mainly because______ .
A．they lack professional guidance
B．they tend to be more self-centred
C．social media make them feel less confident
D．social media keep them distant from each other
47．Calm Harm helps teenagers to_____.
A．keep a journal of their moods
B．manage their feeling of stress
C．reduce the urge to harm themselves
D．improve their self-identity and confidence
48．Experts believe that online help can______.
A．strengthen bonds between teenagers with mental illnesses
B．play a role in pushing forward the cutting-edge advance
C．replace face-to-face appointments with professionals
D．serve as a complement to face-to-face appointments
49．According to Anne Longfield, NHS child and adolescent mental health services ______.
A．have lived up to their expectations and promises
B．are reluctant to help teenagers with mental illnesses
C．will complete their ambitious forthcoming long-term plan
D．need to struggle to meet the increasing needs of teenagers
50．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The popularity of online apps in treating teenagers’ mental illnesses.
B．The contrasts between online help services and face-to-face support.
C．The influence of teenagers’ mental illnesses on online help services.
D．The drawbacks with the existing adolescent mental health services.
第II卷（非选择题）
四、任务型阅读
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Life can be overwhelming (令人不知所措的).We want to do as much as we can, see the world, learn new things — and it can all get a bit too much. Sometimes we reach a point when we feel that we can no longer be interested in everything. We have to shut some of life out, and we don’t like that. We are living under the false assumption that to know anything worthwhile takes years of study, so we might as well forget it.
But sometimes inside us rebels. We still want to learn new things and make new things. They don’t have to be big things. Coping with too big a challenge can be daunting (令人怯步的）.The secret is to be a “micromaster” by perfecting lots and lots of small things — for a big payoff.
A micromastery is a self-contained unit of doing, complete in itself, but connected to a greater field. You can perfect that single thing and move on to bigger things. A micromastery is the way we learn as kids. You never absorb all the fundamentals straight away 一 you learn one cool thing, then another. Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has written about “flow” 一 a state in which time seems to be suspended because our involvement in what we’re doing is so great. A micromastery，because it is repeatable without being repetitious, has all the elements that allow us to enter a flow state, which produces great contentment.
As we get older our default setting (默认设置）becomes “off” not “on”. We stop getting interested in new things because we haven’t got enough time or energy. This is an excuse but who can blame us when we hear we need 10,000 hours to “master” something. Micromastery slices through all the excuses. You start with something so small and easy that it doesn’t impact on your life except positively.
We envy the person who has a perfect French accent, who can roll kayak, or compose a poem that isn’t laughable， who can lay a brick wall that doesn’t fall down. These are regarded as hard things to learn which mean a greater mastery of the filed concerned. But with micromastery you can start with the test piece and then — and only then — do you go back upstream to learn anything more about the new world.
Seeing the world in terms of micromasteries makes anything seem possible. Fancy bookbinding? Yoga? Tap dancing or tank driving? All have their micromasteries. It’s very liberating — you no longer have to feel trapped in your day job. You will start, in a small way, to get your life back from the idea that the world seems to push on us that we should do just one thing all our lives.
An annoying situation
• We are too 51． to accomplish everything we are interested in and sometimes we have to make a trade-off.
♦We take it for granted that anything worthwhile doesn’t have an 52． payoff, so we might as well forget it.
A practical approach
♦ Instead of accomplishing big things, the secret is to be a micromaster by starting 53．
Facts about a micromastery
♦It is connected to a greater field. We can 54．upon small successes to achieve greatness.
♦It enables us to have a good command of important things in a 55． way.
♦It can help enter a flow state when we are 56． in what we are doing.
♦For the adults who lack time and energy to try new things， it can have a 57．impact on their lives.
♦Instead of envying the achievers, we can 58． the unknown world by
starting with the test piece.
Conclusion
♦A micromastery can help us to liberate our minds and 59． our boundaries.
♦For a satisfied life, be a 60．of small things.
五、读写任务
61．请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Many people spend more than four hours per day on WeChat, and it is redefining the word “friend”. Does friending someone on social media make him or her your friend in real life?
Those with whom you attended a course together, went to a party and intended to cooperate but failed take up most of your WeChat “friends”. In chat records, the only message may be a system notification (通知)，“Somebody has accepted your friend request” or “ You have accepted somebody’s friend request”.
Sometimes when seeing some photos shared on “Moments”，you even need several minutes to think about who this person is and when you became “friends”.
Also, you may be disturbed by mass messages sent from your unacquainted “friends”, including requests for voting for their children or friends. You would have thought about removing this type of “friends” and sort out your connections. But actually you did not do that as you were taught that social networking is valuable to one’s success. Then, with fantasies, you keep amplifying (增加）your “friends” in social media and click “like” on some pictures that you are not really interested.
（写作内容）
1.用约30个单词概括上述利用微信交友的现象；
2.用约120个单词谈谈你如何看待微信交友，然后用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
（写作要求）
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
（评分标准）
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2019届江苏省南通泰州七市高三上学期
第一次调研考试
英 语 答 案
1．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词辨析。句意： 由于在环境保护方面的努力，这片荒地已经恢复原样了。A. restored恢复；B. delivered 递送；C. transferred转移；D. drafted起草，根据题意，故选A。
2．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该村发展成为一个主要的电子商务中心，回顾过去，村民们把他们的成功归功于改革开放政策。review的逻辑主语是the villagers，它们之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故选B。
3．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。——Ted从来没有那么鲁莽过! ——他说了一些他本不应该说的话，但我认为他不是那个意思。根据句意可知说话的动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故选C。
4．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：Jack的同事们在遇到困难时经常向他求助，因为他是一个有思想的人。a fountain of ideas 思想的源泉，说明Jack很聪明。A. fountain源泉；B. session会议；C. diagram图表；D. resource资源，故选A。
5．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：新闻应该扩大其在国际舆论中的影响力，使中国的声音更好地在世界上被听到。“中国的声音”与“听到”之间是被动关系，用make sth. done结构，故选D。
6．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定句型。句意：正如人们所预测的那样，采取有针对性的措施帮助人们摆脱贫困是富有成效的。as has been predicted正如预料到的一样，该句型是固定句型，此处作插入语，故选C。
7．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：既然比赛结束了，我们就通过旅游来放松一下，不要再去想篮球了。A. dive in开始大吃；B. switch off不再注意，担忧某事；C. pull out渡过难关； D. split up分离，故选B。
8．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：这位科学家为了让科研有突破，付出了巨大的努力。A. modest谦虚的；B. miserable悲惨的；C. optional可选择的；D. tremendous巨大的，故选D。
9．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：——Kevin，该去下一个目的地了!——不忙！再给15分钟我们将会探索完这个博物馆的所有展区。表示对将来的虚拟，用将来完成时，故选D。
10．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是英雄们的牺牲，我们如今不会过上如此幸福的生活。这是一个错综时间虚拟条件句，从句与过去的事实相反，主句与现在的事实相反。与现在事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：主句：主语 + would(should, could, might)+动词原形+其他，主句时态为现在时，而且是正在进行中，故选B。
11．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：在我意识到我包落在车上前，这辆公共汽车已经开走了。文中表示“在我意识到以前”，A. while虽然；B. before在…之前；C. after在…之后；D. since自从，故选B。
12．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果我们周围都是认同我们主要前进目标的人，我们就能得到他们的支持和鼓励。A. in sympathy with赞成；B. in terms of 依据；C. in honour of为纪念；D. in contrast with与…形成对比，故选A。
13．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查倒装和时态。句意：宣布说只有在竞选者的论文都收集完毕，他们才被允许离开。从句Only after 后用倒装，排除CD，又表将来时态，故选B。
14．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查连词。句意：——如果我们周二或周六去听音乐会有什么区别吗？——在工作日，他们会给你打折。这里含有一个条件状语从句，表示“如果”，故选C。
15．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查情景对话。句意：——真是一团糟!你总是乱扔东西。——别发火，妈妈。我现在就把它整理好。根据情境，母亲因为儿子乱扔东西而生气，A. hot under the collar发怒的； B. on cloud nine非常高兴；C. off the top of your head在你的头顶上；D. down in the dumps垂头丧气，故选A。
16． B
17． B
18． A
19． A
20． C
21． C
22． A
23． D
24． D
25． B
26． A
27． D
28． D
29． C
30． B
31． A
32． A
33． C
34． D
35． B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者小时候说话，总受到别人的嘲笑，后来作者就不再说话。后来，作者被诊断为自闭症，在心理学家和父母的鼓励下，作者重新开始说话。
16．考查宾语从句。句意：我现在仍然不确定为什么会这样。这里含有一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作原因状语，用引导词why，故选B。
17．考查动词辨析。A 鼓励，B 嘲笑，C 忽视，D 表扬。根据后半句他们叫我闭嘴可知，班上的男生经常嘲笑我。故选B。
18．考查动词辨析。A.表示崩溃，陷入，B. divide……into……把……分成……（份），C. look into 观察，浏览，D.没有laugh into。句意：我陷入了无法控制的哭泣。故选A。
19．考查名词辨析。A 青少年时期，B 经历，C 教育，D人生。由开头第一句话可知，我在13岁开始不说话，因此是在我的青少年时期teens，（13-19岁时期）。故选A.
20．考查名词辨析。A 劳累，B 无聊，C 孤独，D 愧疚。由上一行的clam up （不说话）和isolation（孤立）和下一行的I couldn’t socialize（我无法社交）可知，我是非常孤独的，故选C。
21．考查动词辨析。A等候，B 唱歌，C 与人交往，D 移动。由or前后连接并列或相似的词可知，应选与socialize（社交）相近的词，故选C。
22．考查名词辨析。A 潜能， B 弱点，C 公正，D 理想。由后文I was intelligent（我是聪明的）可知是一位心理学家看到了我身上的潜能。故选A。
23．考查形容词辨析。A 武断的，B 无辜的，C 传统的，D 缺乏信心的。but前后徐转折，因此选与intelligent（聪明的）相悖的一面，即我的不自信。与第四段第二行的becomemore confident相照应。因此选D。本题有一定小难度在于要知道此处的insecure表示缺乏信心的，故选D。
24．考查动词辨析。A 娱乐，B 放弃，C 使……宽慰，D 重新改造。由前文我父母给了我一个不同的理解及后文我work hard and become a swot可知沉默使得我有机会去重新改造自己。故选D。
25．考查名词辨析。A 兴趣，B 信任，C 投资，D 耐心 由前文可知心理学家肯定了我的才能，因此是他对的我信任。故选B。
26．考查形容词辨析。A 骄傲的，B 消极的，C 小心的，D 好奇的。前一句将我努力成为了刻苦学习的人，因此父母应该是为我感到骄傲的，其余选项均不通顺。故选A。
27．考查名词辨析。A 惊讶，B快乐，C 遗憾，D宽慰。此处与第一段相照应。我感觉到那些单词使我陷入麻烦，并且我不受控制地无理由地开始沉默。因此在知道这些是因为自闭症后，我感觉到松了口气。故选D。
28．考查动词辨析。A 抱怨，B 联系，C 学习，D 说话。由again及后半句的令人惊讶可知，这里是指我重新开始说话了。故选D。
29．考查动词辨析。A 攻击;罢（工、课等）;撞;来到，B 画画，C 逼，推，D 冲，匆忙的做。由该空前后可知，作者改造自己开始重新说话，因此是作者逼了自己一把，变得更加自信了。故选C。
30．考查动词短语辨析。A 扑灭;伸出;生产;出版，B 逐步建立;增强;，C 看穿，仔细检查，D 取下;拆卸;记录。此处由前文我重新说话，后文我用不同的单词可知，我增强了自己演讲的能力。故选B。
31．考查名词辨析。A 语言，B 知识，C 智慧，D 想象。由前两段可知，我之前一直沉默寡言，如今重新开始说话，所以我从使用语言中得到了非凡的快乐。故选A。
32．考查动词辨析。A 发现，B 划重点，C 汇编，D 创造。由于我之前一直不说话，所以对我来说发现不同的词语的魅力仍然是新鲜的体验。故选A。
33．考查名词辨析。A 责任，B 灵活，C 情绪，D 抑郁。句意：那些词语对我来说曾听起来非常复杂，并且需要调动很多的情绪。故选C。
34．考查动词短语辨析。A 坚持，保留不卖，B 期待，C 远离，D 遗漏。句意：当我想起那些我曾（因为沉默）而遗漏的东西（前面指的那些语言的魅力），我想要哭泣。故选D。
35．考查动词辨析。A 计算...的总和; 概括，B 逼入死角，抑制，C 想（到），D 磨光, 擦亮; 润饰。虽然我对于过去的遭遇很悲伤，但我不会刻意抑制它，相反，我很乐意谈及它。由Instead前后转折可知，我不会刻意回避。此题较难。bottle可作动词，表示抑制属于较为偏僻的意思。故选B。
【点睛】
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，尤其是要抓住所需推断词汇前后的内容。本题第7小题，A 潜能， B 弱点，C 公正，D 理想。由后文I was intelligent（我是聪明的）可知是一位心理学家看到了我身上的潜能。故选A。
36． B
37． A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇广告布告类阅读。文章主要讲了在伦敦St. Pancras International 或 Ashford乘坐欧洲之星列车，选择一条更简单、更直接的路线，前往阿尔卑斯山的四个景点。
36．细节理解题。答案定位在Sainte Foy一栏中The slopes are quiet, the lift queues non-existent可知如果有人正在寻找一个安静、没有人群的滑雪场，他可能会选择Sainte Foy，故选B。
37．细节理解题。答案定位在第一段Take a simpler, more direct route to the four Alpine options on the Eurostar at London St. Pancras International or Ashford.可知Eurostar提供前往著名高山滑雪胜地的便捷通道，故选A。
【点睛】
关于阅读中的细节理解题
1.直接信息题
对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。
2.间接信息题
做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。
本题第1小题属于细节理解题中的直接信息题。答案定位在Sainte Foy一栏中The slopes are quiet, the lift queues non-existent可知如果有人正在寻找一个安静、没有人群的滑雪场，他可能会选择Sainte Foy，故选B。
38． B
39． A
40． C
41． B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了当一名司机猛踩刹车以避免撞到非法穿越马路的行人时，她是在做一个道德上的决定，将风险从行人转移到车内的人。自动驾驶汽车可能很快就不得不做出这样的道德的判断了。
38．推理判断题。根据题目定位到第一段but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task,suggests a survey. 看到下一段讲了这个survey，第三段揭示了研究结果：nations could be divided into three groups，第四段also identified …in a country，通过nations，country可知实验结果按照不同国家划分，可见是文化差异different cultures，故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二行online quiz可知A正确；B选项作者只是展示不同文化的moral choices，未提及比较；C选项根据第三段开头analyzed these answers, they found that nations could be divided into three groups说明divided是研究结果得出的，而非conduct the study使用的方法；D选项文章未提及experiment，research是通过analyzed these answers得出的，故选A。
40．细节理解题。根据题目定位到第四段第三行Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally可知根据这项研究，芬兰的司机更有可能撞上非法穿越马路的行人，故选C。
41．细节理解题。根据人名定位到最后两段，最后一段Surveys…can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents可知Barbara Wege可能会同意无人驾驶汽车引发的事故可能会受到更多关注， B正确；A选项倒数第二段只提到cause fewer accidents, proportionally不等于greatlyimprove；C选项最后一段that might develop trust可知C错误；D选项car makers needn’t take risk文章完全没有提及，故选B。
42． D
43． C
44． C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章作者举例说明工作面试是毫无意义的。
42．推理判断题。根据第一段it’s necessary to take a statistics course to get the answer to this problem. Take the following case for example…consider this problem…可见提出的例子是用来论证数据是否能运用于最终决定的，也就是文章的中心主题，故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据第三段Countless studies show that the unstructured 30-minute interview is virtually worthless（无数研究表明，30分钟的无组织面试实际上毫无价值），第六段it’s not only a tiny sample, it’s not even a sample of job behavior but of something else entirely.（这不仅仅是一个很小的样本，它甚至不是一个工作行为的样本，而是完全不同的东西的样本。）可知作者认为，一个小样本不足以对一个候选人做出一个普遍的判断，故选C。
44．主旨大意题。根据第五段倒数第二行interview represents a very small sample of behavior，第六段Psychological theory and data show that we are incapable of treating the interview data as little more than unreliable gossip可知作者认为job interview是无意义的；A选项只是文章一小部分，不能代表全部；B选项的两个例子，athletic problem是用来反证job interview的，文章核心还是job interview的问题；D选项也只是文章提到的一小部分，并且文章最后作者的recommendation是develop an interview protocol…ask exactly the same questions of every candidate可知D错误，故选C。
【点睛】
做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第2小题，根据第三段Countless studies show that the unstructured 30-minute interview is virtually worthless（无数研究表明，30分钟的无组织面试实际上毫无价值），第六段it’s not only a tiny sample, it’s not even a sample of job behavior but of something else entirely.（这不仅仅是一个很小的样本，它甚至不是一个工作行为的样本，而是完全不同的东西的样本。）可知作者认为，一个小样本不足以对一个候选人做出一个普遍的判断，故选C。
45． A
46． C
47． C
48． D
49． D
50． A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了青少年的精神疾病，同时介绍了治疗这类疾病的app。
45．同义替换题。 这道题问的是Online help的特点，定位到第三段’ fast ’ ’personnal’与A选项中的’instant，confidential’对应。另由第七段第一句’instantly’第八段’personal’ ’in control’也可得出答案，故选A。
46．细节理解题。答案定位在第四段“showing how common health problems are in the young mainly as a result of the emergence of social media and its use in fueling feelings of inadequacy”可知青少年的精神痛苦主要来源于社交网络使他们感到不自信，inadequacy意为:不足，缺点，故选C。
47．细节理解题。答案定位到第十段“Users tell us that Calm Harm helps with suicidal thoughts and intent”第十一段末尾“their urges to self-harm”可知选项C正确。文章只提及manage their emotions，没有特别提到 manage their feelings of stress 故不选。选项A，D文章均未提及，故选C。
48．细节理解题。答案定位到第12段“online help must complement, not replace, face-to-face appointments with therapists, psychologists and psychiatrists” 可知专家认为，在线帮助可以作为面对面约会的补充，故选D。
49．细节理解题。答案定位到第18段“despite promises by…to improve access ,a vast gap remains between what is provided and what children need”可知这个服务供不应求，故选D。
50．主旨大意题。 全文在讨论青少年的精神疾病，同时主要介绍了治疗的app，而A选项包含了这两个关键词，故选A。
51． ambitious/ greedy
52． immediate/ instant
53． small/ humble
54． build/ depend/ rely/ count/ rest/ base
55． gradual/ steady/ slow
56． involved/ absorbed/ buried/ occupied/ engaged
57． positive
58． explore
59． extend/ stretch/ cross/ break/ push
60． master/ god/ controller/ commander
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了要得到满意的生活，做一个小事情的主人。
51．根据第一段Life can be overwhelming (令人不知所措的).We want to do as much as we can, see the world, learn new things — and it can all get a bit too much.可知我们过于雄心勃勃，无法完成我们感兴趣的每一件事，有时我们不得不做出取舍。所以填ambitious/ greedy。
52．根据第一段We are living under the false assumption that to know anything worthwhile takes years of study, so we might as well forget it.可知我们想当然地认为任何有价值的事情都不会有立竿见影的效果，所以我们不妨把它忘掉。所以填immediate/ instant。
53．根据第二段The secret is to be a “micromaster” by perfecting lots and lots of small things — for a big payoff.可知与其成就大事，还不如从小处做起，成为一名“微能手”，所以填small/ humble。
54．根据第三段You can perfect that single thing and move on to bigger things.可知它连接到一个更大的领域。我们可以在小成功的基础上取得伟大的成就。所以填build/ depend/ rely/ count/ rest/ base。
55．根据第三段you learn one cool thing, then another.可知它使我们能够以一种渐进的方式很好地掌握重要的事情。所以填gradual/ steady/ slow。
56．根据第三段Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has written about “flow” ——a state in which time seems to be suspended because our involvement in what we’re doing is so great. 当我们参与到我们正在做的事情中时，它可以帮助我们进入一个流状态。所以填involved/ absorbed/ buried/ occupied/ engaged。
57．根据第四段You start with something so small and easy that it doesn’t impact on your life except positively.可知对于缺乏时间和精力去尝试新事物的成年人,它可以对他们的生活产生积极的影响。所以填positive。
58．根据But with micromastery you can start with the test piece and then — and only then — do you go back upstream to learn anything more about the new world.可知与其羡慕成功者，不如去探索未知的世界，所以填explore。
59．根据It’s very liberating — you no longer have to feel trapped in your day job.可知这里意思是它可以帮助我们解放思想，扩展我们的边界。所以填extend/ stretch/ cross/ break/ push。
60．根据You will start, in a small way, to get your life back from the idea that the world seems to push on us that we should do just one thing all our lives.可知要得到满意的生活，做一个小事情的主人。所以填master/ god/ controller/ commander。
61．As Wechat is becoming increasingly popular, more people request you to be your friends on Wechat for different purposes, which, however, makes it difficult for you to identify these friends.
From my perspective, I don’t think it’s a good idea to make friends by Wechat. To begin with, you can’t have a good knowledge of these friends for lack of face-to-face communication and few people have succeeded in making a real good friend in this way. Besides, some people contact you merely with the intention of making money by promoting something and you may fall for their tricks. Lastly, some people on Wechat often show off their riches and even spread false information, which may have a negative influence on others, especially teenagers.
Therefore, it is wise to take advantage of Wechat properly and not to believe the things blindly on “Moments”. In all, as a student, we should be cautious about making friends on Wechat.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇任务型写作。要求1. 用约30个单词概括上述利用微信交友的现象；2. 用约120个单词谈谈你如何看待微信交友，然后用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
【详解】
本文是一篇任务型写作。共分两个任务：第一个任务要求用约30个词概述所给信息的主要内容；第二个任务要求谈谈你如何看待微信交友，然后用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。第二部分给出了写作提纲，两大要点是中心。注意完成第一任务时，语言使用应简练、准确、到位。在第二个任务中，应涵盖题目所列出的两大要点。本文应主要使用一般现在时态。写作过程中注意使用平时学到的短语和句型，注意行文的连贯和逻辑性。
【点睛】
本文是一篇任务型写作。文章要点概括齐全，重点突出，层次分明，同时文中使用高级句子。As Wechat is becoming increasingly popular, more people request you to be your friends on Wechat for different purposes, which, however, makes it difficult for you to identify these friends.非限制性定语从句的运用；From my perspective, I don’t think it’s a good idea to make friends by Wechat.宾语从句的运用为文章增色添彩。
班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
2019届江苏省南通泰州七市高三上学期
第一次调研考试
英 语
注意事项：
1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第I卷（选择题）
一、单项选择
1．Thanks to the efforts in environmental protection, the wetland has been _____ to its original appearance.
A．restored B．delivered
C．transferred D．drafted
2．The village evolved into a major e-commerce center, and _____ the past, the villagers owed their success to the reform and opening-up policy.
A．reviewed B．reviewing
C．to review D．being reviewed
3．—Ted has never been so rude!
—He ______something he shouldn’t have, but I guess he didn’t mean that.
A．has said B．had said
C．said D．was saying
4．Jack’s fellow workers often turn to him for help when trapped in trouble because he is a _____of ideas.
A．fountain B．session
C．diagram D．resource
5．The press should expand its influence in international public opinion to make China’s voice better ____in the world.
A．hearing B．to be heard
C．hear D．heard
6．Taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, _____has been predicted, is fruitful.
A．what B．which
C．as D．that
7．Since the match is over, we can ____by travelling and stop thinking about basketball.
A．dive in B．switch off
C．pull out D．split up
8．To make a breakthrough in his scientific research, the scientist has been making a(n) _____amount of effort.
A．modest B．miserable
C．optional D．tremendous
9．—Kevin, time for the next destination!
—No hurry! Another 15 minutes and we _____ all the exhibition rooms of the museum.
A．am exploring B．have explored
C．will explore D．will have explored
10．If it had not been for the heroes’ contributions and sacrifices, we _____such a happy life.
A．wouldn’t have led B．wouldn’t be leading
C．haven’t led D．are not leading
11．The bus dropped me off and pulled away _____I realized I had left my bag on it.
A．while B．before
C．after D．since
12．If we surround ourselves with people _____our major purpose, we can get their support and encouragement.
A．in sympathy with B．in terms of
C．in honour of D．in contrast with
13．It was announced that only after the candidates’ papers were collected _____to leave the room.
A．had they been permitted B．would they be permitted
C．that they would be permitted D．that they had been permitted
14．—-What difference will it make _____we shall go to the concert on Tuesday or Saturday?
—They offer a discount on weekdays.
A．that B．when
C．if D．why
15．—What a mess! You’re always throwing things about.
—Don’t be ____, Mum. I will tidy it up now.
A．hot under the collar B．on cloud nine
C．off the top of your head D．down in the dumps
二、完形填空
When I was 13 years old, I stopped speaking. I’m still not exactly sure 16 一 I think I felt that words got me into trouble. The boys in my class were always 17 me, telling me to shut up. One day, I 18 into uncontrollable sobs behind the sports hall.
So throughout my 19 , I clammed up一dealing with the wider world only in whispers and shrugs. My
isolation(孤立）led to indescribable 20 that nothing could relieve. I couldn’t 21 or socialise. Then, at 15, a psychologist saw 22 in me—She said I was in intelligent but 23 , and needed to change schools for a fresh start.
My parents sent me to a different comprehensive. I knew no one and I had the chance to 24 myself. Cheered by the psychologist’s 25 in me, I worked hard and became a swot(刻苦学习的人).As a result, my parents were 26 . Finally at 20, I was referred to a psychiatrist and he diagnosed me with a mild form of autism(自闭症).It was such a(n) 27 to know what was happening that I cried on the bus on the way home.
It took a further five years to 28 again, a decision that was as much a surprise to me as it was to everyone else. I 29 myself hard, becoming more confident. Gradually, I 30 my speech. I definitely get more than usual pleasure from the use of 31 . It’s still such a fresh experience for me 32 different words—ones that can sound so complex, and carry so much 33 .
When I think of what I have 34 , I feel like crying, but I don’t 35 it up anymore. Instead, I enjoy talking about it.
16．A．when B．why C．how D．where
17．A．encouraging B．teasing C．ignoring D．praising
18．A．collapsed B．divided C．looked D．laughed
19．A．teens B．experiences C．education D．life
20．A．tiredness B．boredom C．loneliness D．guilt
21．A．wait B．sing C．mix D．move
22．A．potential B．weakness C．justice D．ambition
23．A．arbitrary B．innocent C．conventional D．insecure
24．A．entertain B．abandon C．comfort D．reinvent
25．A．interest B．faith C．investment D．patience
26．A．proud B．passive C．cautious D．curious
27．A．surprise B．embarrassment C．pity D．relief
28．A．complain B．connect C．study D．speak
29．A．struck B．drew N C．pushed D．rushed
30．A．put out B．built up C．looked through D．took down
31．A．language B．knowledge C．wisdom D．imagination
32．A．discovering B．underlining C．compiling D．creating
33．A．responsibility B．flexibility C．emotion D．depression
34．A．held on to B．looked forward to C．stayed away from D．missed out on
35．A．sum B．bottle C．think D．polish
三、阅读理解
Travelling with skiing or snowboarding equipment can be a bit of an effort, particularly if you’re swapping between buses, trains and planes. Take a simpler, more direct route to the four Alpine options on the Eurostar at London St. Pancras International or Ashford.
La Rosière
Sainte Foy
Great ski conditions aren’t a one-off here, thanks to
The slopes are quiet, the lift queues non-existent,
the resort’s high altitude and its mostly south-
and snowy forests and breathtaking mountain
facing and therefore sunny-slopes. It’s a family
views dominate(控制）your eyeline. This resort is
friendly resort and kids will enjoy skiing through
not a place to come if you like to party, but it’s a
the trees and tunnels on adventure trail.
great choice for those who want to progress on
wide, empty pistes.
Moûtiers
Tignes
It is a good resort for first-time skiers. Those new
It may not be the prettiest resort in the French Alps,
to the sport can book a holiday safe in the
but what it lacks in cuteness, it more than makes up
knowledge that they’re not stuck up a snowy
for in convenience, taking the concept of ski-in ski-
mountain if the sport isn’t for them. The town itself
out to a whole new level. Its high-quality snow
has a Museum of Popular Traditions.
conditions are all but guaranteed.
Need to know
You can take one pair of skis or one snowboard on board with you in addition to your standard adult
luggage allowance. For safety reasons, skis and snowboards have to be kept in a protective case that
covers the whole item.
There’s a travel class to suit every budget and style. Though the seats are roomy and comfortable, it’s
worth nothing there are no sleeper bunk beds. With free Wi-Fi for all, you can stay connected all the way.
36．If one is looking for a peaceful and crowd-free ski resort, he will probably choose_____.
A．La Rosière B．Sainte Foy
C．Moûtiers D．Tignes
37．From the passage, we can know that_________.
A．the Eurostar offers easy access to popular Alpine ski resorts.
B．there is no restriction on well-protected equipment on board.
C．travelers can have a good sleep on comfortable bunk beds on board
D．free Wi-Fi is provided on board for travellers who upgrade their travel class
When a driver slams on the brakes to avoid hitting a pedestrian crossing the road illegally, she is making a moral decision that shifts risk from the pedestrian to the people in the car. Self-driving cars might soon have to make such ethical (道德的)judgments on their own — but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task, suggests a survey.
The largest ever survey of machine ethics, called the Moral Machine, laid out 13 possible situations in which someone’s death was unavoidable. Respondents were asked to choose who to spare in situations that involved a mix of variables: young or old, rich or poor, more people or fewer. Within 18 months, the online quiz had recorded 40 million decisions made by people from 233 countries and territories.
When the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into three groups. One contains North America and several European nations where Christianity has been the dominant (占支配地位的)religion; another includes countries such as Japan, Indonesia and Pakistan, with strong Confucian or Islamic traditions. A third group consists of countries in Central and South America, such as Colombia and Brazil. The first group showed a stronger preference for sacrificing older lives to save younger ones than did the second group, for example.
The researchers also identified relationships between social and economic factors in a country. They found that people from relatively wealthy countries with strong institutions, such as Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than did respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria or Pakistan.
People rarely face such moral dilemmas, and some cities question whether the possible situations posed in the online quiz are relevant to the ethical and practical questions surrounding driverless cars. But the researchers argue that the findings reveal cultural differences that governments and makers of self-driving cars must take into account if they want the vehicles to gain public acceptance.
At least Barbara Wege, who heads a group working on autonomous-vehicle ethics at Audi in Ingolstadt, Germany, says such studies are valuable. Wege argues that self-driving cars would cause fewer accidents, proportionally, than human drivers do each year—but that people might focus more on events involving robots.
Surveys such as the Moral Machine can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents that might develop trust. “We need to come up with a social consensus,” she says, “about which risks we are willing to take.”
38．Why is it difficult to set universal moral rules for programming self-driving cars?
A．Social values always change with the times.
B．Moral choices vary between different cultures.
C．Drivers have a preference for sacrificing the weak.
D．Car makers are faced with decisions of life or death.
39．The researchers conducted the study by_____.
A．using a massive online quiz worldwide
B．comparing different cultures and customs
C．dividing the respondents into three groups
D．performing a series of controlled experiments
40．According to the study, in which country are drivers more likely to hit a pedestrian crossing the road illegally?
A．Nigeria B．Colombia
C．Finland D．Indonesia
41．Barbara Wege would probably agree that _____.
A．Self-driving cars will greatly improve the traffic environment
B．Accidents caused by self-driving cars might receive more attention
C．Problems involving self-driving cars might shake the public trust in society
D．Car makers needn’t take the risk of solving self-driving car ethical dilemmas
Statistics often sounds like a dry subject, but sometimes it’s necessary to take a statistics course to get the correct answer to this problem. Take the following case for example: a football scout (球探）hears of a player who has powered his team to a good win-loss record. His coaches think he’s one of the most talented players they’ve seen. But the scout is unimpressed by the one practice game he sees him in; he tells his manager it’s not worth trying to recruit (录用）the player.
Most sports fans would think that was a pretty foolish decision, right? Athletic performance is much too variable to base an important judgment on such a small sample. But consider this problem: an employer gets an application from a junior executive (主管人员）with an excellent college record and strong references from his current employer. The employer interviews the applicant and is unimpressed. The employer tells his colleagues that it’s not worthwhile recruiting him.
Most people regard this as a reasonable sort of decision. But it isn’t. Countless studies show that the unstructured 30-minute interview is virtually worthless as a predictor of long-term performance by any criteria that have been examined.
In both cases, predictions based on references-school reports, prior performance, letters of recommendation-give a 65-75% chance of choosing the better of the two.
Why do we get the athletic problem right and the employment problem wrong? Because in the case of the job, unlike for athletic performance, we haven’t seen hundreds of candidates in interviews of a particular type and seen how well performance in the interview corresponds to ultimate (最终的）performance in the setting we’re concerned about. We haven’t seen that the guy who looks like a fool in the interview turns out to be clever on the job and the guy who does well in the interview turns out to be average. The only way to see that the interview isn’t going to be worth much is to be able to apply the “law of large numbers”，which assists the recognition that an interview represents a very small sample of behavior.
The bottom line: there’s safety in numbers. The more recommendations a person has, the more positive the outcome is likely to be for the employer. Consider the job interview: it’s not only a tiny sample, it’s not even a sample of job behavior but of something else entirely. Psychological theory and data show that we are incapable of treating the interview data as little more than unreliable gossip. It’s just too compelling (强迫性的）that we’ve learned a lot from those 30 minutes.
My recommendation is not to interview at all unless you’re going to develop an interview protocol (体系),with the help of a professional, which is based on careful analysis of what you are looking for in a job candidate. And then ask exactly the same questions of every candidate. It’s harder to develop such a protocol than you might guess. But it can really pay off.
42．The cases in the first two paragraphs are meant to_____.
A．illustrate the influence of fans
B．show the weaknesses of scouts
C．attach importance to interviews
D．introduce the topic of the passage
43．The author believes that ____.
A．the setting in the job interview is too artificial to be convincing
B．a successful candidate usually uses tricks to cover his real characters
C．a small sample is not enough to make a generalized judgement of a candidate
D．the number of candidates hasn’t satisfied the requirements for a job interview
44．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How employees are selected
B．Where statistics are available
C．Why job interviews are pointless
D．When recommendations are needed
Tens of thousands of young in Britain who are struggling with their mental health are seeking help online for problems such as anxiety, self-harm, and depression.
Soaring numbers of under-18s are turning to apps, online counselling and “mood diaries” to help them manage and recover from conditions that have left them feeling low, isolated and, in some cases, suicidal.
A generation of young people are attracted by being able to receive fast, personal care and advice using their phone rather than having to wait up to 18 months to be treated by an NHS mental heath professional.
The shift comes as ministers prepare themselves for publication on Thursday of the first new figures for 13 years showing how common mental health problems are in the young mainly as a result of the emergence of social media and its use in fuelling feelings of inadequacy.
The number of under-18s using Kooth, a free online counselling(咨询的）service, has shot up from 20,000 in 2015 to 65,000 last year, and is forecast to rise further to 100,000 this year.
One hundred NHS clinical commissioning groups across England, more than half the total, have now commissioned the service. It helps young people suffering from anxiety, low mood, poor self-worth or confidence, self-harm and loneliness.
“Young people like the fact they can talk to a counsellor either instantly, or within 10 minutes, for up to an hour in the evenings. They love that immediacy”，said Aaron Sefi, the research and evaluation director at XenZone, the company behind Kooth.
“They also love the anonymity involved, because they can sign up without giving their personal details. Plus, they’re in control, because they are choosing to contact us rather than being told to do so.”
In addition, 123,138 people in the UK download. Calm Harm, an NHS-approved app that helps people self-harm less often or not at all, between April 2017 and this month.
“Users tell us that Calm Harm helps with suicidal thoughts and intent,” said Dr. Nihara Krause, the consultant clinical psychologist who developed the app. “Currently 92% of our users, who are mainly female and often aged 15-21, say the urge reduced.”
Calm Harm is among 18 apps that NHS England has endorsed(支持）to help cope with mental ill-health. They also include Bluelce, which helps young people manage their emotions using a mood diary and automatic routing(自动转接) to emergency help numbers if their urges to self-harm continue.
Experts welcomed the trend but warned that online help must complement, not replace, face-to-face appointments with therapists, psychologists and psychiatrists.
“Most young people spend much of their time online, and it can feel easier for them to communicate through messaging and online services than face-to-face,” said Tom Madders, campaigns director at Young Minds, which helps people under 26.
“Evidence-based mental health apps and online support services can be really beneficial in helping young people to look after their own mental health, develop strategies for coping with difficult emotions, and get accessible information and advice when they need it.”
Claire Murdoch, NHS England’s national mental health director, said: “Technology is constantly evolving and young people are usually at the forefront, so it’s no surprise increasing numbers are turning to services like these which can certainly play a part, particularly when backed up by face-to-face support.”
The NHS’s forthcoming long-term plan, due next month, will “harness(利用）all of the benefits these advancements can bring”，she added.
Meanwhile, 37% of the young people referred to NHS child and adolescent mental health services (Camhs) in England last year were refused help, the children’s commissioner has revealed.
In an analysis of Camhs care published on Thursday, the children’s commissioner for England, Anne Longfield, says that despite promises by politicians and NHS bosses to improve access, “a vast gap remains between what is provided and what children need”.
While she found improvements in several areas of care, including care for eating disorders, new mothers and under- 18s in the criminal justice system, overall “the current rate of progress is still not good enough for the majority of children who require help but are not receiving it”.
45．Online help can be characterized as .______
A．instant, confidential and controllable
B．attractive, convenient and symbolic
C．effective, accessible and controversial
D．considerate, authentic and impractical
46．Teenagers suffer from mental problems mainly because______ .
A．they lack professional guidance
B．they tend to be more self-centred
C．social media make them feel less confident
D．social media keep them distant from each other
47．Calm Harm helps teenagers to_____.
A．keep a journal of their moods
B．manage their feeling of stress
C．reduce the urge to harm themselves
D．improve their self-identity and confidence
48．Experts believe that online help can______.
A．strengthen bonds between teenagers with mental illnesses
B．play a role in pushing forward the cutting-edge advance
C．replace face-to-face appointments with professionals
D．serve as a complement to face-to-face appointments
49．According to Anne Longfield, NHS child and adolescent mental health services ______.
A．have lived up to their expectations and promises
B．are reluctant to help teenagers with mental illnesses
C．will complete their ambitious forthcoming long-term plan
D．need to struggle to meet the increasing needs of teenagers
50．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The popularity of online apps in treating teenagers’ mental illnesses.
B．The contrasts between online help services and face-to-face support.
C．The influence of teenagers’ mental illnesses on online help services.
D．The drawbacks with the existing adolescent mental health services.
第II卷（非选择题）
四、任务型阅读
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Life can be overwhelming (令人不知所措的).We want to do as much as we can, see the world, learn new things — and it can all get a bit too much. Sometimes we reach a point when we feel that we can no longer be interested in everything. We have to shut some of life out, and we don’t like that. We are living under the false assumption that to know anything worthwhile takes years of study, so we might as well forget it.
But sometimes inside us rebels. We still want to learn new things and make new things. They don’t have to be big things. Coping with too big a challenge can be daunting (令人怯步的）.The secret is to be a “micromaster” by perfecting lots and lots of small things — for a big payoff.
A micromastery is a self-contained unit of doing, complete in itself, but connected to a greater field. You can perfect that single thing and move on to bigger things. A micromastery is the way we learn as kids. You never absorb all the fundamentals straight away 一 you learn one cool thing, then another. Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has written about “flow” 一 a state in which time seems to be suspended because our involvement in what we’re doing is so great. A micromastery，because it is repeatable without being repetitious, has all the elements that allow us to enter a flow state, which produces great contentment.
As we get older our default setting (默认设置）becomes “off” not “on”. We stop getting interested in new things because we haven’t got enough time or energy. This is an excuse but who can blame us when we hear we need 10,000 hours to “master” something. Micromastery slices through all the excuses. You start with something so small and easy that it doesn’t impact on your life except positively.
We envy the person who has a perfect French accent, who can roll kayak, or compose a poem that isn’t laughable， who can lay a brick wall that doesn’t fall down. These are regarded as hard things to learn which mean a greater mastery of the filed concerned. But with micromastery you can start with the test piece and then — and only then — do you go back upstream to learn anything more about the new world.
Seeing the world in terms of micromasteries makes anything seem possible. Fancy bookbinding? Yoga? Tap dancing or tank driving? All have their micromasteries. It’s very liberating — you no longer have to feel trapped in your day job. You will start, in a small way, to get your life back from the idea that the world seems to push on us that we should do just one thing all our lives.
An annoying situation
• We are too 51． to accomplish everything we are interested in and sometimes we have to make a trade-off.
♦We take it for granted that anything worthwhile doesn’t have an 52． payoff, so we might as well forget it.
A practical approach
♦ Instead of accomplishing big things, the secret is to be a micromaster by starting 53．
Facts about a micromastery
♦It is connected to a greater field. We can 54．upon small successes to achieve greatness.
♦It enables us to have a good command of important things in a 55． way.
♦It can help enter a flow state when we are 56． in what we are doing.
♦For the adults who lack time and energy to try new things， it can have a 57．impact on their lives.
♦Instead of envying the achievers, we can 58． the unknown world by
starting with the test piece.
Conclusion
♦A micromastery can help us to liberate our minds and 59． our boundaries.
♦For a satisfied life, be a 60．of small things.
五、读写任务
61．请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Many people spend more than four hours per day on WeChat, and it is redefining the word “friend”. Does friending someone on social media make him or her your friend in real life?
Those with whom you attended a course together, went to a party and intended to cooperate but failed take up most of your WeChat “friends”. In chat records, the only message may be a system notification (通知)，“Somebody has accepted your friend request” or “ You have accepted somebody’s friend request”.
Sometimes when seeing some photos shared on “Moments”，you even need several minutes to think about who this person is and when you became “friends”.
Also, you may be disturbed by mass messages sent from your unacquainted “friends”, including requests for voting for their children or friends. You would have thought about removing this type of “friends” and sort out your connections. But actually you did not do that as you were taught that social networking is valuable to one’s success. Then, with fantasies, you keep amplifying (增加）your “friends” in social media and click “like” on some pictures that you are not really interested.
（写作内容）
1.用约30个单词概括上述利用微信交友的现象；
2.用约120个单词谈谈你如何看待微信交友，然后用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
（写作要求）
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
（评分标准）
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2019届江苏省南通泰州七市高三上学期
第一次调研考试
英 语 答 案
1．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词辨析。句意： 由于在环境保护方面的努力，这片荒地已经恢复原样了。A. restored恢复；B. delivered 递送；C. transferred转移；D. drafted起草，根据题意，故选A。
2．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该村发展成为一个主要的电子商务中心，回顾过去，村民们把他们的成功归功于改革开放政策。review的逻辑主语是the villagers，它们之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故选B。
3．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。——Ted从来没有那么鲁莽过! ——他说了一些他本不应该说的话，但我认为他不是那个意思。根据句意可知说话的动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故选C。
4．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：Jack的同事们在遇到困难时经常向他求助，因为他是一个有思想的人。a fountain of ideas 思想的源泉，说明Jack很聪明。A. fountain源泉；B. session会议；C. diagram图表；D. resource资源，故选A。
5．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：新闻应该扩大其在国际舆论中的影响力，使中国的声音更好地在世界上被听到。“中国的声音”与“听到”之间是被动关系，用make sth. done结构，故选D。
6．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定句型。句意：正如人们所预测的那样，采取有针对性的措施帮助人们摆脱贫困是富有成效的。as has been predicted正如预料到的一样，该句型是固定句型，此处作插入语，故选C。
7．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：既然比赛结束了，我们就通过旅游来放松一下，不要再去想篮球了。A. dive in开始大吃；B. switch off不再注意，担忧某事；C. pull out渡过难关； D. split up分离，故选B。
8．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：这位科学家为了让科研有突破，付出了巨大的努力。A. modest谦虚的；B. miserable悲惨的；C. optional可选择的；D. tremendous巨大的，故选D。
9．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：——Kevin，该去下一个目的地了!——不忙！再给15分钟我们将会探索完这个博物馆的所有展区。表示对将来的虚拟，用将来完成时，故选D。
10．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是英雄们的牺牲，我们如今不会过上如此幸福的生活。这是一个错综时间虚拟条件句，从句与过去的事实相反，主句与现在的事实相反。与现在事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：主句：主语 + would(should, could, might)+动词原形+其他，主句时态为现在时，而且是正在进行中，故选B。
11．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：在我意识到我包落在车上前，这辆公共汽车已经开走了。文中表示“在我意识到以前”，A. while虽然；B. before在…之前；C. after在…之后；D. since自从，故选B。
12．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果我们周围都是认同我们主要前进目标的人，我们就能得到他们的支持和鼓励。A. in sympathy with赞成；B. in terms of 依据；C. in honour of为纪念；D. in contrast with与…形成对比，故选A。
13．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查倒装和时态。句意：宣布说只有在竞选者的论文都收集完毕，他们才被允许离开。从句Only after 后用倒装，排除CD，又表将来时态，故选B。
14．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查连词。句意：——如果我们周二或周六去听音乐会有什么区别吗？——在工作日，他们会给你打折。这里含有一个条件状语从句，表示“如果”，故选C。
15．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查情景对话。句意：——真是一团糟!你总是乱扔东西。——别发火，妈妈。我现在就把它整理好。根据情境，母亲因为儿子乱扔东西而生气，A. hot under the collar发怒的； B. on cloud nine非常高兴；C. off the top of your head在你的头顶上；D. down in the dumps垂头丧气，故选A。
16． B
17． B
18． A
19． A
20． C
21． C
22． A
23． D
24． D
25． B
26． A
27． D
28． D
29． C
30． B
31． A
32． A
33． C
34． D
35． B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者小时候说话，总受到别人的嘲笑，后来作者就不再说话。后来，作者被诊断为自闭症，在心理学家和父母的鼓励下，作者重新开始说话。
16．考查宾语从句。句意：我现在仍然不确定为什么会这样。这里含有一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作原因状语，用引导词why，故选B。
17．考查动词辨析。A 鼓励，B 嘲笑，C 忽视，D 表扬。根据后半句他们叫我闭嘴可知，班上的男生经常嘲笑我。故选B。
18．考查动词辨析。A.表示崩溃，陷入，B. divide……into……把……分成……（份），C. look into 观察，浏览，D.没有laugh into。句意：我陷入了无法控制的哭泣。故选A。
19．考查名词辨析。A 青少年时期，B 经历，C 教育，D人生。由开头第一句话可知，我在13岁开始不说话，因此是在我的青少年时期teens，（13-19岁时期）。故选A.
20．考查名词辨析。A 劳累，B 无聊，C 孤独，D 愧疚。由上一行的clam up （不说话）和isolation（孤立）和下一行的I couldn’t socialize（我无法社交）可知，我是非常孤独的，故选C。
21．考查动词辨析。A等候，B 唱歌，C 与人交往，D 移动。由or前后连接并列或相似的词可知，应选与socialize（社交）相近的词，故选C。
22．考查名词辨析。A 潜能， B 弱点，C 公正，D 理想。由后文I was intelligent（我是聪明的）可知是一位心理学家看到了我身上的潜能。故选A。
23．考查形容词辨析。A 武断的，B 无辜的，C 传统的，D 缺乏信心的。but前后徐转折，因此选与intelligent（聪明的）相悖的一面，即我的不自信。与第四段第二行的becomemore confident相照应。因此选D。本题有一定小难度在于要知道此处的insecure表示缺乏信心的，故选D。
24．考查动词辨析。A 娱乐，B 放弃，C 使……宽慰，D 重新改造。由前文我父母给了我一个不同的理解及后文我work hard and become a swot可知沉默使得我有机会去重新改造自己。故选D。
25．考查名词辨析。A 兴趣，B 信任，C 投资，D 耐心 由前文可知心理学家肯定了我的才能，因此是他对的我信任。故选B。
26．考查形容词辨析。A 骄傲的，B 消极的，C 小心的，D 好奇的。前一句将我努力成为了刻苦学习的人，因此父母应该是为我感到骄傲的，其余选项均不通顺。故选A。
27．考查名词辨析。A 惊讶，B快乐，C 遗憾，D宽慰。此处与第一段相照应。我感觉到那些单词使我陷入麻烦，并且我不受控制地无理由地开始沉默。因此在知道这些是因为自闭症后，我感觉到松了口气。故选D。
28．考查动词辨析。A 抱怨，B 联系，C 学习，D 说话。由again及后半句的令人惊讶可知，这里是指我重新开始说话了。故选D。
29．考查动词辨析。A 攻击;罢（工、课等）;撞;来到，B 画画，C 逼，推，D 冲，匆忙的做。由该空前后可知，作者改造自己开始重新说话，因此是作者逼了自己一把，变得更加自信了。故选C。
30．考查动词短语辨析。A 扑灭;伸出;生产;出版，B 逐步建立;增强;，C 看穿，仔细检查，D 取下;拆卸;记录。此处由前文我重新说话，后文我用不同的单词可知，我增强了自己演讲的能力。故选B。
31．考查名词辨析。A 语言，B 知识，C 智慧，D 想象。由前两段可知，我之前一直沉默寡言，如今重新开始说话，所以我从使用语言中得到了非凡的快乐。故选A。
32．考查动词辨析。A 发现，B 划重点，C 汇编，D 创造。由于我之前一直不说话，所以对我来说发现不同的词语的魅力仍然是新鲜的体验。故选A。
33．考查名词辨析。A 责任，B 灵活，C 情绪，D 抑郁。句意：那些词语对我来说曾听起来非常复杂，并且需要调动很多的情绪。故选C。
34．考查动词短语辨析。A 坚持，保留不卖，B 期待，C 远离，D 遗漏。句意：当我想起那些我曾（因为沉默）而遗漏的东西（前面指的那些语言的魅力），我想要哭泣。故选D。
35．考查动词辨析。A 计算...的总和; 概括，B 逼入死角，抑制，C 想（到），D 磨光, 擦亮; 润饰。虽然我对于过去的遭遇很悲伤，但我不会刻意抑制它，相反，我很乐意谈及它。由Instead前后转折可知，我不会刻意回避。此题较难。bottle可作动词，表示抑制属于较为偏僻的意思。故选B。
【点睛】
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，尤其是要抓住所需推断词汇前后的内容。本题第7小题，A 潜能， B 弱点，C 公正，D 理想。由后文I was intelligent（我是聪明的）可知是一位心理学家看到了我身上的潜能。故选A。
36． B
37． A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇广告布告类阅读。文章主要讲了在伦敦St. Pancras International 或 Ashford乘坐欧洲之星列车，选择一条更简单、更直接的路线，前往阿尔卑斯山的四个景点。
36．细节理解题。答案定位在Sainte Foy一栏中The slopes are quiet, the lift queues non-existent可知如果有人正在寻找一个安静、没有人群的滑雪场，他可能会选择Sainte Foy，故选B。
37．细节理解题。答案定位在第一段Take a simpler, more direct route to the four Alpine options on the Eurostar at London St. Pancras International or Ashford.可知Eurostar提供前往著名高山滑雪胜地的便捷通道，故选A。
【点睛】
关于阅读中的细节理解题
1.直接信息题
对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。
2.间接信息题
做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。
本题第1小题属于细节理解题中的直接信息题。答案定位在Sainte Foy一栏中The slopes are quiet, the lift queues non-existent可知如果有人正在寻找一个安静、没有人群的滑雪场，他可能会选择Sainte Foy，故选B。
38． B
39． A
40． C
41． B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了当一名司机猛踩刹车以避免撞到非法穿越马路的行人时，她是在做一个道德上的决定，将风险从行人转移到车内的人。自动驾驶汽车可能很快就不得不做出这样的道德的判断了。
38．推理判断题。根据题目定位到第一段but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task,suggests a survey. 看到下一段讲了这个survey，第三段揭示了研究结果：nations could be divided into three groups，第四段also identified …in a country，通过nations，country可知实验结果按照不同国家划分，可见是文化差异different cultures，故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二行online quiz可知A正确；B选项作者只是展示不同文化的moral choices，未提及比较；C选项根据第三段开头analyzed these answers, they found that nations could be divided into three groups说明divided是研究结果得出的，而非conduct the study使用的方法；D选项文章未提及experiment，research是通过analyzed these answers得出的，故选A。
40．细节理解题。根据题目定位到第四段第三行Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally可知根据这项研究，芬兰的司机更有可能撞上非法穿越马路的行人，故选C。
41．细节理解题。根据人名定位到最后两段，最后一段Surveys…can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents可知Barbara Wege可能会同意无人驾驶汽车引发的事故可能会受到更多关注， B正确；A选项倒数第二段只提到cause fewer accidents, proportionally不等于greatlyimprove；C选项最后一段that might develop trust可知C错误；D选项car makers needn’t take risk文章完全没有提及，故选B。
42． D
43． C
44． C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章作者举例说明工作面试是毫无意义的。
42．推理判断题。根据第一段it’s necessary to take a statistics course to get the answer to this problem. Take the following case for example…consider this problem…可见提出的例子是用来论证数据是否能运用于最终决定的，也就是文章的中心主题，故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据第三段Countless studies show that the unstructured 30-minute interview is virtually worthless（无数研究表明，30分钟的无组织面试实际上毫无价值），第六段it’s not only a tiny sample, it’s not even a sample of job behavior but of something else entirely.（这不仅仅是一个很小的样本，它甚至不是一个工作行为的样本，而是完全不同的东西的样本。）可知作者认为，一个小样本不足以对一个候选人做出一个普遍的判断，故选C。
44．主旨大意题。根据第五段倒数第二行interview represents a very small sample of behavior，第六段Psychological theory and data show that we are incapable of treating the interview data as little more than unreliable gossip可知作者认为job interview是无意义的；A选项只是文章一小部分，不能代表全部；B选项的两个例子，athletic problem是用来反证job interview的，文章核心还是job interview的问题；D选项也只是文章提到的一小部分，并且文章最后作者的recommendation是develop an interview protocol…ask exactly the same questions of every candidate可知D错误，故选C。
【点睛】
做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第2小题，根据第三段Countless studies show that the unstructured 30-minute interview is virtually worthless（无数研究表明，30分钟的无组织面试实际上毫无价值），第六段it’s not only a tiny sample, it’s not even a sample of job behavior but of something else entirely.（这不仅仅是一个很小的样本，它甚至不是一个工作行为的样本，而是完全不同的东西的样本。）可知作者认为，一个小样本不足以对一个候选人做出一个普遍的判断，故选C。
45． A
46． C
47． C
48． D
49． D
50． A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了青少年的精神疾病，同时介绍了治疗这类疾病的app。
45．同义替换题。 这道题问的是Online help的特点，定位到第三段’ fast ’ ’personnal’与A选项中的’instant，confidential’对应。另由第七段第一句’instantly’第八段’personal’ ’in control’也可得出答案，故选A。
46．细节理解题。答案定位在第四段“showing how common health problems are in the young mainly as a result of the emergence of social media and its use in fueling feelings of inadequacy”可知青少年的精神痛苦主要来源于社交网络使他们感到不自信，inadequacy意为:不足，缺点，故选C。
47．细节理解题。答案定位到第十段“Users tell us that Calm Harm helps with suicidal thoughts and intent”第十一段末尾“their urges to self-harm”可知选项C正确。文章只提及manage their emotions，没有特别提到 manage their feelings of stress 故不选。选项A，D文章均未提及，故选C。
48．细节理解题。答案定位到第12段“online help must complement, not replace, face-to-face appointments with therapists, psychologists and psychiatrists” 可知专家认为，在线帮助可以作为面对面约会的补充，故选D。
49．细节理解题。答案定位到第18段“despite promises by…to improve access ,a vast gap remains between what is provided and what children need”可知这个服务供不应求，故选D。
50．主旨大意题。 全文在讨论青少年的精神疾病，同时主要介绍了治疗的app，而A选项包含了这两个关键词，故选A。
51． ambitious/ greedy
52． immediate/ instant
53． small/ humble
54． build/ depend/ rely/ count/ rest/ base
55． gradual/ steady/ slow
56． involved/ absorbed/ buried/ occupied/ engaged
57． positive
58． explore
59． extend/ stretch/ cross/ break/ push
60． master/ god/ controller/ commander
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了要得到满意的生活，做一个小事情的主人。
51．根据第一段Life can be overwhelming (令人不知所措的).We want to do as much as we can, see the world, learn new things — and it can all get a bit too much.可知我们过于雄心勃勃，无法完成我们感兴趣的每一件事，有时我们不得不做出取舍。所以填ambitious/ greedy。
52．根据第一段We are living under the false assumption that to know anything worthwhile takes years of study, so we might as well forget it.可知我们想当然地认为任何有价值的事情都不会有立竿见影的效果，所以我们不妨把它忘掉。所以填immediate/ instant。
53．根据第二段The secret is to be a “micromaster” by perfecting lots and lots of small things — for a big payoff.可知与其成就大事，还不如从小处做起，成为一名“微能手”，所以填small/ humble。
54．根据第三段You can perfect that single thing and move on to bigger things.可知它连接到一个更大的领域。我们可以在小成功的基础上取得伟大的成就。所以填build/ depend/ rely/ count/ rest/ base。
55．根据第三段you learn one cool thing, then another.可知它使我们能够以一种渐进的方式很好地掌握重要的事情。所以填gradual/ steady/ slow。
56．根据第三段Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has written about “flow” ——a state in which time seems to be suspended because our involvement in what we’re doing is so great. 当我们参与到我们正在做的事情中时，它可以帮助我们进入一个流状态。所以填involved/ absorbed/ buried/ occupied/ engaged。
57．根据第四段You start with something so small and easy that it doesn’t impact on your life except positively.可知对于缺乏时间和精力去尝试新事物的成年人,它可以对他们的生活产生积极的影响。所以填positive。
58．根据But with micromastery you can start with the test piece and then — and only then — do you go back upstream to learn anything more about the new world.可知与其羡慕成功者，不如去探索未知的世界，所以填explore。
59．根据It’s very liberating — you no longer have to feel trapped in your day job.可知这里意思是它可以帮助我们解放思想，扩展我们的边界。所以填extend/ stretch/ cross/ break/ push。
60．根据You will start, in a small way, to get your life back from the idea that the world seems to push on us that we should do just one thing all our lives.可知要得到满意的生活，做一个小事情的主人。所以填master/ god/ controller/ commander。
61．As Wechat is becoming increasingly popular, more people request you to be your friends on Wechat for different purposes, which, however, makes it difficult for you to identify these friends.
From my perspective, I don’t think it’s a good idea to make friends by Wechat. To begin with, you can’t have a good knowledge of these friends for lack of face-to-face communication and few people have succeeded in making a real good friend in this way. Besides, some people contact you merely with the intention of making money by promoting something and you may fall for their tricks. Lastly, some people on Wechat often show off their riches and even spread false information, which may have a negative influence on others, especially teenagers.
Therefore, it is wise to take advantage of Wechat properly and not to believe the things blindly on “Moments”. In all, as a student, we should be cautious about making friends on Wechat.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇任务型写作。要求1. 用约30个单词概括上述利用微信交友的现象；2. 用约120个单词谈谈你如何看待微信交友，然后用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
【详解】
本文是一篇任务型写作。共分两个任务：第一个任务要求用约30个词概述所给信息的主要内容；第二个任务要求谈谈你如何看待微信交友，然后用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。第二部分给出了写作提纲，两大要点是中心。注意完成第一任务时，语言使用应简练、准确、到位。在第二个任务中，应涵盖题目所列出的两大要点。本文应主要使用一般现在时态。写作过程中注意使用平时学到的短语和句型，注意行文的连贯和逻辑性。
【点睛】
本文是一篇任务型写作。文章要点概括齐全，重点突出，层次分明，同时文中使用高级句子。As Wechat is becoming increasingly popular, more people request you to be your friends on Wechat for different purposes, which, however, makes it difficult for you to identify these friends.非限制性定语从句的运用；From my perspective, I don’t think it’s a good idea to make friends by Wechat.宾语从句的运用为文章增色添彩。
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