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上海市浦东新区建平中学2020届高三上学期开学摸底英语试题
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2019-2020学年上海市浦东新区建平中学
高三上学期英语摸底考试卷
I. Listening Comprehension(略)
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
To have a fruitful discussion, teachers need to decide what seating arrangement is best for their own class and be prepared to experiment with different methods.___1___ method is adopted, it should help and be productive of dialogue between children as well as between teacher and child. Within the physical setting, children and teachers should agree ___2___ a discussion takes place.
Why are rules necessary for discussion? This may be a question to ask the children. If children are given freedom to talk, why are there rules that will restrict that freedom? The golden rule is of course that one’s own freedom ___3___ not interfere with the freedom of others. Individuals within a democratic community have equal rights. A child who talks all the time ___4___(deny) the rights of others to be heard. Each person should be allowed an equal chance to speak and to put forward their own point of view and if we wish ___5___listen) to, then we should listen to others. There is no point giving a point of view ___6___ someone is listening.___7___ of us are capable of listening to more than one person at a time, so another basic rule should be: only one person to speak at a time. Listening implies not only hearing the words but paying attention to the meaning of ___8___ is being said. This is not a natural thing for children to do. School is typically a place where children learn to listen to the teacher but not to each other. The skills of listening need to be practiced. The ideal discussion,___9___ everyone listens to the speaker and then each is allowed to reply, is rare among adults, let alone children. It works ____10____ (well) when certain ground-rules for discussion are followed.
【答案】1. Whichever
2. how 3. should
4. denies 5. to be listened
6. unless 7. None
8. what 9. in which
10. better
【解析】
本文为说明文。本文主要说明如何在课堂进行有效讨论的方法。一个富有成效的讨论，孩子和老师应该就如何进行讨论达成一致。讨论要遵循两个基本的原则，即一个人自己的自由不应妨碍他人的自由。民主社会中的个人享有平等权利，人人都有话语权。第二是每次只能听一个人讲话，要学会倾听，每个人都能回答问题。这样才会使讨论更有效。
【1题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：无论采用哪种方法，都应有助于儿童之间以及教师与儿童之间的对话，并使之富有成效。根据语境可知，此空格是修饰名词different methods。根据前句中有different methods，本句是指上文中提到的不同方法中的无论哪一种，有范围中的无论哪一种，应该用whichever，表示无论哪一种方法。故填Whichever。
【2题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：在现实环境中，孩子和老师应该就讨论的方式达成一致。根据上下文可知，此处是指就讨论的方式达成一致，即 如何讨论达成一致，表方式，故填how。
【3题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：最好的原则当然是一个人自己的自由不应妨碍他人的自由。根据语境可知，此处表示一种建议，即应该如何做。should 表示提出建议，表示“应该，可以”。故填should。
【4题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：一个总是说话的孩子会剥夺他人的发言权。分析句子可知，本句的主语是三人称单数a child，根据全文可知，此处要用一般现在时，即用denies，故填denies。
【5题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：如果我们希望别人倾听，我们就应该倾听别人。“wish to do sth”为固定搭配，意为“希望做某事”。但是也要注意此处用动词不定式的被动，由语境可知，此处表示我们希望被倾听，表示方式。故填to be listened。
【6题详解】
考查条件状语从句。句意：除非有人在听，否则发表观点是没有意义的。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少连词。根据句意，表示除非有人倾听，否则发表意见也没有意义的。连词unless意为“除非”，故填unless。
【7题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：我们没有人能够同时听一个以上的人讲话，所以另一个黄金规则应该是:一次只能听一个人讲话。根据后面的“另一个黄金规则是一次只有一个人说话” ，可知没有人(none)能够一次同时倾听很多人讲话。故填None。
【8题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：倾听意味着不仅要听单词，而且要注意所说内容的意思。分析句子结构，从句中缺少主语，名词从句中缺少主语一般用what，用what表示正在被说的事情。故填what。
【9题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在理想的讨论中，每个人都听演讲者的讲话，允许每个人作出回应。分析句子可知，本句是非限制性定语从句。the ideal discussion是先行词，在定语从句中作状语， 即in the discussion，要用in which，故填in which。
【10题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：当遵守了某些基本的讨论规则时，讨论会更有效。根据语境可知，前后句暗含比较，主要强调后句的方法更好。故填better。
Section B(10分)
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation i Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for ___11___.
Honnold could not ___12___ any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to ___13___him if he fell. After a four-hour ___14___ of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself.
EI Capitan had been climbed ___15___ before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its ___16___. In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was ___17___ only by relief at his safe return.
The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing (竞技攀岩). In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s ___18___part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was ___19___ accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020.
These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more ___20___to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings.
【答案】11. C 12. D
13. F 14. G
15. H 16. E
17. I 18. J
19. A 20. B
【解析】
本文为记叙文。本文主要描述了Yosemite优胜美地国家公园里的酋长岩上的黎明墙EI Capitan远远地看着就能让人害怕的岩石，是世界上最难的攀岩路线，一直被认为是无法完成的攀岩路线。2015年，美国人汤米·考德威尔（Tommy Caldwell）和凯文·乔格森（Kevin Jorgeson）经过多年的尝试，建立了一条通往黎明墙的路线。Alex Honnold在今年的6月，通过自由攀登，第一次登上了近乎垂直的酋长岩上的黎明墙，被同行所称赞，成为体育攀岩里程碑中的最新成就。随着世界各地都出现了攀岩场，攀岩运动变得更加安全，普通人也更容易接触到它了。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：今年6月，Alex Honnold 成功地徒手攀岩近乎垂直的岩石壁，这种岩石壁手能接触的地方只有手指尖大小的地方。分析句子可知，本句是指攀爬的岩石非常难，手几乎没有地方可接触到，即只有手指尖(fingertips)大小的地方可接触，表明这次攀岩很危险。故填C项。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：Honnold不能有任何失误，那是因为他只带了一袋体操运动员用的吸湿粉，以保持手指不会湿。从后文That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. 说明Honnold could not (2)______ any slips，这句话是为什么不能怎么样。由于徒手攀岩，没有任何防护措施，所以对他来说承担不起即不能有任何闪失。“could not afford sth..”意为”无法承担的起”，故选择D项。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果他摔倒了，没有绳子来保护他的安全。to do sth, 可知是动词原形，由于前两句是徒手攀岩，没有任何防护，所以没有绳子来保证他的安全(secure)。故选择F。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：四个小时他展示了他的力气和（计算上的）精密度，他最终安全挑战了他自己。分析句子结构可知，of前一般用名词，即名词+of，可知此处要填名词，根据语境可知，此处要填display（展示，表现），G项意思符合。故选G。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：EI Capitan以前也曾无伴攀爬过，包括Honnold，但从来没有以现在这样的方式攀爬过。EI Capitan had been climbed (5) ______ before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. 可以看出以前也有人过来独自（solo，意为“独奏，独舞，单人表演”）攀岩，solo即对应的是partnerless（无伴的），故选H。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这是一项最纯粹的运动。在美国攀岩运动的发源地约塞米蒂，汉诺德已经达到了顶峰。根据 In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. 可知，这次攀岩运动没有任何保护措施，这正是这项运动最纯粹的(purest)部分。 at its purest，意为“最纯粹的”，符合题意， 故选E。
【17题详解】
考查分词。句意：欣慰的是他平安归来，配的上同伴们的称赞。根据上文可知，这次攀岩很危险，因此他能攀岩回来，配得上同伴们的称赞，故matched（与相匹配，配的上） 符合题意。故选I。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：2015年，另两名美国人汤米·考德威尔(Tommy Caldwell)和凯文·乔奇森(Kevin Jorgeson)经过多年的尝试，建立了一条通往EI Capitan最光滑，最光秃的黎明墙(Dawn Wall)的路线。In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s (8)______part, after years of attempts. 多年的努力尝试，终于登上了EI Capitan 以前未曾有人成功登上的地方，这是黎明墙最光秃秃的部分。 对应 blank意为“空白的，光秃秃的”，根据前面的“pulling on edges barely big enough for ___1___.”可知，几乎没有手可用力的地方。可为为最为光秃的地方，故选J。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：去年，运动攀岩正式被纳入2020年东京奥运会的比赛项目。根据“accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020”可知，在2020 年的奥林匹克运动会上climbing成为一个项目存在，即被正式的(officially)纳入比赛项目，故A项合适。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在过去的十年里，世界各地都出现了攀岩馆，这使得攀岩运动变得更加安全，普通人也更容易接触到它。 “accessible to”为固定搭配，意为“对是可得到的/可使用的/可接触的” ordinary people. 现在攀岩馆出现在全世界各地，使得此项运动更加的安全和大众化。以前攀岩为一项危险的运动，徒手无防护，只有冒险家才敢尝试。现在对大众来说也可以接触到。故B项合适。故选B项。
III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.
There was once a time that I would only do what I knew was comfortable for me. Stuck in a continuous cycle of repetitive choices, I knew what was____21____when it came to making decisions. I knew what wouldn’t ___22___me too much, what would me glued to the floor of where I already was____23____ little did I realize at the time that this was not the right path for me.
After living the same type of life for so long I decided bat there was more for me. Although it was uncomfortable at first, I pushed myself to get___24___ in things that I wouldn't normally do, I decided to open up and talk to other people that I didn’t think I would have the___25___ to show my face to, and I started to share more about myself with others that already knew me. By doing these things, I ___26___ to find more parts of life to open myself up to.
A quote said"Life begins at the end of your comfort zone."Reading the quote made me realize that I was stuck in a life that wasn't truly mine. I was bound by chains that made me ___27___ to experience life, so I always keep it as a reminder to myself to go beyond my____28____.
There are a few ways you can begin to push past your comfort zone. First, make a bucket list. All you need to do is write down a list of things that you want to ___29___ in your lifetime, but make sure you do them. A bucket list isn't useful unless you are ___30___ going to try and achieve it.
Secondly, if you want, ask someone to tag along(H E). If you have a friend who is also interested in experiencing more of their life then you can join ___31___ and work together. That way, you can push each other to actually go out and experience.
Finally, ____32____ yourself. Make yourself a promise that if you check something off your bucket list then you will do something nice for yourself. Maybe you have always been interested in bungee jumping, but have been toe afraid. Put it on the list and promise yourself a shopping trip or anything else to ___33___ yourself into doing it.
Life is about ____34____ it up with as many experiences as possible, so don’t miss out on an amazing opportunity to ____35____ yourself or lean something valuable.
21. A. safe B. sensitive C. alternative D. greedy
22. A. tempt B. exclude C. scare D. impose
23. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However
24. A. absorbed B. participated C. can D. involved
25 A. confidence B. benefit C. burden D. passion
26. A. claimed B. strived C. hesitated D. pretended
27. A. excited B. curious C. flexible D. afraid
28. A. imagination. B. control C. limits D. expectation
29. A. accomplish B. combine C. cultivate D. ensure
30. A. accidentally B. desperately C. actually D. consequently
31. A. ideas B. forces C. factors D. effects
32. A. behave B. engage C. treat D. help
33. A. bribe B. trap C. cheat D. shape
34. A. making B. taking C. pilling D. filling
35. A. satisfy B. relax C. identify D. better
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它，所以不要错过一个让你变得更好或学到一些有价值的东西的绝佳机会。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个不断重复选择的循环中，我知道在做决定时什么是安全的。A. safe安全的；B. sensitive 敏感的；C. alternative供选择的；D. greedy贪婪的。根据前文I would only do what I knew was comfortable for me, 得出此处为安全的决定。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道什么不会让我太害怕，虽然这时我很少能意识到哪条路才是对的。A. tempt诱惑；B. exclude 排除；C. scare害怕；D. impose利用。根据上文的what was safe, 推知此处what wouldn’t scare, 与安全的决定表示相同的含义。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我知道什么不会让我太害怕，虽然这时我很少能意识到哪条路才是对的。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Moreover而且；D. However然而。此处需要however作为关系副词，表示转折。However little did I realize at the time that this was not the right path for me. 本句是倒装句+宾语从句，表示“虽然这时我很少能意识到哪条路才是对的”。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：虽然起初很不舒服,我将自己卷入我通常不会做的事情,我决定打开心扉和我认为我没有信心展示我的脸的人们交谈。get involved in涉及，卷入，该短语是固定搭配，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然起初很不舒服,我将自己卷入我通常不会做的事情,我决定打开心扉和我认为我没有信心展示我的脸的人们交谈。A. confidence自信；B. benefit好处；C. burden 负担；D. passion热情。从上下文得知，我没有抛头露面的自信。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过做这些事情，我努力寻找生活可以展示的部分。A. claimed宣称；B. strived努力；C. hesitated犹豫；D. pretended假装。文中表示通过和熟悉的人分享经历，我努力寻找生活可以展示的部分。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我被锁链束缚着，这让我害怕体验生活，所以我总是把它作为一个提醒，提醒自己要超越自己的极限。A. excited兴奋的；B. curious好奇的；C. flexible灵活的；D. afraid害怕的。根据so I always keep it as a reminder to myself to go beyond my____8____.可知我害怕体验生活。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被锁链束缚着，这让我害怕体验生活，所以我总是把它作为一个提醒，提醒自己要超越自己的极限。A. imagination.想象；B. control控制；C. limits极限；D. expectation.期待。文中表示“提醒自己要超越自己的极限。”故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你所需要做的就是写下你想在有生之年完成的事情的清单，但一定要做到。A. accomplish完成；B. combine结合；C. cultivate培养；D. ensure保证。根据A bucket list isn't useful unless you are ___10___ going to try and achieve it.可知这里意思是你所需要做的就是写下你想在有生之年完成的事情的清单。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：除非你真的想要实现它，否则遗愿清单是没有用的。A. accidentally意外地；B. desperately拼命地；C. actually实际上；D. consequently结果。此处理解为除非真正完成了任务，否则列表只能是列表，因此只有actually符合题意。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：如果你有一个朋友也对体验他们的生活感兴趣，那么你可以加入他们一起工作。A. ideas观点；B. forces力量；C. factors因素；D. effects影响。 join forces协力，团结与work together 并列，故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后,犒劳自己。A. behave表现；B. engage参与； C. treat对待；D. help帮助。由倒数第二段推知，如果完成列表任务，可以对自己好点，也就是给自己一些奖励，因此这里是treat yourself犒劳自己。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：把它列在清单上，答应自己一次购物之旅或其他任何可以诱哄自己去做的事情。A. bribe诱哄；B. trap捕捉；C. cheat欺骗；D. shape塑造。根据Make yourself a promise that if you check something off your bucket list then you will do something nice for yourself.可知这里意思是答应自己一次购物之旅或其他任何可以诱哄自己去做的事情。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它，所以不要错过一个让你变得更好或学到一些有价值的东西的绝佳机会。make up 组成； take up 占据；pile up 堆起 ；fill up填补。文中表示“生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它”。故选D。
35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它，所以不要错过一个让你变得更好或学到一些有价值的东西的绝佳机会。A. satisfy满足；B. relax放松；C. identify识别；D. better改善。此处理解为不要错过任何一个完善自己，学习有价值事情的机会。故选D。
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第1小题根据前文I would only do what I knew was comfortable for me, 得出此处为安全的决定。故选A。第9小题根据A bucket list isn't useful unless you are ___10___ going to try and achieve it.可知这里意思是你所需要做的就是写下你想在有生之年完成的事情的清单。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Notices have been put up here and there in the village for the last fortnight announcing a meeting to discuss the yearly Flower Show, which has not been held in Fairacre for a number of years. Before I became the village schoolmistress here, the Flower Show appears to have been an event of some importance and people came from miles around to enjoy a day at Fairacre.
I decided to go to the meeting, as the children in my school, I knew, used to play quite a large part in this village excitement and there were a number of special competitions, such as collecting wild flowers, making dolls’ house decorations or little gardens and so on, included in the program.
It was a freezing, starlit night. By the time I arrived at the Village hall, there were about ten people already there. The doctor was chairman of the meeting. A few men were warming their hand over the rather smoky oil stove, which was trying, somewhat inefficiently, to warm the room. The meeting was called for seven thirty---a most inconvenient time in my private opinion as it successfully upsets the evening and puts back the time of one’s evening meal. By a quarter to eight only fifteen people had arrived.
“I think we must begin,” the doctor said, turning his gentle smile upon us. He gave a short speech about the past glories of Fairarce’s Flower Show and his hopes that it might take place again. “Perhaps someone would put forward the suggestion that the Flower Show be restarted?” he suggested. There was a heavy silence, broken only by the movement of feet from the bench at the back. All fifteen of us, I noticed, were middle-aged. John Pringle, Mrs. Pringle’s only child, must have been the youngest among us and he is a man of nearly thirty. It was John who, at last, shyly answered the doctor’s request.
“I’ll do it,” he said. “Propose we have a Flower Show then.” He sat down, pink and self-conscious, and the doctor thanked him sincerely. “Is there anybody else who agrees with this proposal?” Again that painful silence. It seemed as though we sat in a dream.
“I’ll do it,” I said, when I could stand the waiting no longer. “Good! Good!” said the doctor cheerfully. “Let’s take a vote here then.” All fifteen raised their hands doubtfully. To look at our faces an outsider might reasonably have thought we were having the choice of hanging or the electric chair.
36. What is the purpose of the meeting?
A. To make arrangements for the next Flower Show.
B. To get people’s ideas about the next Flower Show.
C. To decide whether a Flower Show would be held again.
D. To find out whether people would help with the Flower Show.
37. What was the reason for the author’s attendance?
A. The school children has always taken part in the Flower Show.
B She wanted to find out what the children could do to help.
C. She wanted to know what special lessons to give the children.
D. The school children might do more work in the school garden.
38. Why did the author declare her support for Mr. Pringle’s proposal?
A. It had become fairly clear that nobody else would.
B. She was in hurry to go home.
C. She was the only one really interested in the matter.
D. She felt sorry for the doctor.
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。本文记叙了作者村里召开会议讨论是否要再次举办Flower Show时，对于普林格尔先生提出建议的建议，在没人同意的情况下，作者表达了自己对他的支持。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。第一段的第一句 “Notices have been put up here and there in the village for the last fortnight announcing a meeting to discuss the yearly Flower Show, which has not been held in Fairacre for a number of years.”中提到召集村庄里所有的人开会商讨一年一度的Flower Show——花展，而这个花展已经有好几年没在Fairacre举办了。由此可推断开会是为了讨论是否再次举办Flower Show，故答案是C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。文章第二段中的“I decided to go to the meeting, as the children in my school , I knew, used to play quite a large part in this village excitement and there were a number of special competitions, such as collecting wild flowers, making dolls’ house decorations or little gardens and so on, included in the program.”可知，作者参加这次会议是因为他是学校的学生，作者知道学生以前在这种活动中起了很大的作用。由此可推断出学校的学生过去常常参与到Flower Show当中，故答案是A。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后三段描述了普林格尔先生提出建议时，倒数第三段中的“he suggested. There was a heavy silence,”“It was John who, at last, shyly answered the doctor’s request. 倒数第二段中的‘I’ ll do it,’”、“‘Is there anybody else who agrees with this proposal?’ Again that painful silence.” 以及最后一段中的“‘I’ll do it, I said, when I could stand the waiting no longer. “Good! Good!” said the doctor cheerfully.”可知，他提出建议时一片沉寂，由此可推断出，除了作者，没有人愿意站出来支持Mr. Pringle举办花展的提议，故答案是A。
【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
如第2小题属于推理判断题。文章第二段的 “I decided to go to the meeting, as the children in my school , I knew, used to play quite a large part in this village excitement and there were a number of special competitions, such as collecting wild flowers, making dolls’ house decorations or little gardens and so on, included in the program.”可知，作者决定参加这次会议是因为他是学校的学生，作者知道学生以前在这种活动中起了很大的作用。由此可知作者学校的学生过去常常参与到Flower Show当中，故答案是A。
(B)
Mapping Antarctica
Antarctica was on the map long before anyone ever laid eyes on it. Nearly 2,400 years ago, ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle believed that a great continent must exist at the bottom of the world. They though it was needed to balance out the continents at the top of the world. In the 1500s, mapmakers often included a fanciful continent they referred to as Terra Incognita(Latin for “unknown land”) at the bottom of their maps. But it was not until the 1800s -----after explorers had sighted and set foot on Antarctica----- that mapmakers got down to the business of really mapping the continent, which is one—and—a –half times rhe size of the U.S..
While the coastline could be mapped by ships sailing around the continent, it took airplanes—and later, satellites---to chart Antarctica’s vast interior(内陆). That job continues today. And it is a job that still require a mapmaker, or cartographer, to put on boots and head out into the wild.
Cole Kelleher is familiar with that. He is a cartographer with the Polar Geospatial Center(PGC), which is based at the University of Minnesota and has a staff at McMurdo Station. PGC teamed up with Google to use the company’s Trekker technology to capture images of Antarctica for the Internet giant’s popular feature, Street View. A Trekker camera, which is the size of a basketball, is set about two feet above a backpack. The camera records image in all directions. “It weighs about 50 pounds. I was out for two and a half days, hiking 10 to 12 hours each day,” says Kelleher. It was hard work, but really an incredible experience.” According to Kelleher there are plans to use the technology to create educational apps for museums.
The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program. For one project, Kelleher used satellite images to map huge cracks in the ice. That helped a team of researchers know whether they could safely approach their field camp on snowmobiles. Another recent project was to help recover a giant, high—tech helium(氦气) balloon used to carry scientific instruments high into the atmosphere. These balloons are launched in Antarctica because there is no danger that they will hurt anyone when they fall back down to Earth. Using satellite images, Kelleher and colleagues created maps of where the balloon could be found.
Antarctica may no longer be Terra Incognita, but it still holds countless mysteries. Cartographers and the maps they make will continue to be essential in helping scientists unlock those secrets.
39. From the passage, we can infer that Antarctica was on the map in the 1500s when________.
A. mapmakers knew it was much larger than the U.S.
B. Aristotle named the continent Terra Incognita
C. no one had ever seen or been to the continent
D. it was such an interesting continent as was often referred to
40. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. It needs much work for the mapmakers to head out into the wild.
B. The interior can only be mapped by planes and satellites.
C. It is relatively easy to map Antarctica’s coastline by ship.
D. Antarctic is a vast but still mysterious continent.
41. The Polar Geospatial Center (PGC) works with Google initially_________.
A. to capture images of Antarctica for Street View
B. to test the company’s Trekker technology
C. to create educational apps for museums
D. to hike for an incredible experience
42. The fourth paragraph mainly talks about _______.
A. satellite images which are used to map huge cracks in the ice
B. a high-tech helium balloon for carrying scientific instruments
C. how to safely approach the researcher’s field camp and the balloon
D. the specialized mapmaking services provided by the PGC staff
【答案】39. C 40. B 41. A 42. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。文章主要说明了如何绘制南极洲地图。南极洲很早就在地图上了，但那时只是一块未知的大陆，充满了神秘。直到19世纪探险家们踏上这块陆地后，才开始绘制南极洲地图。但绘制南极洲地图绘制不仅需要飞机、卫星及绘制人员大量的野外工作，还需要高度专业化的绘制团队。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“In the 1500s, mapmakers often included a fanciful continent they referred to as Terra Incognita(Latin for “unknown land”) at the bottom of their maps. But it was not until the 1800s -----after explorers had sighted and set foot on Antarctica——that mapmakers got down to the business of really mapping the continent”可知在16世纪，地图绘制者经常在他们的地图底部绘上一个他们称为“未知大陆”的奇特大陆。但是直到19世纪，在探险家们发现并踏上南极洲之后，绘制者才着手绘制这块大陆的地图。由此推断出南极洲在16世纪的时候在地图上只是一块未知的大陆，在19世纪时探险家们才去过后，才开始了解。由此可推断出在16世纪时没有人见过或去过那个大陆，故选C。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“While the coastline could be mapped by ships sailing around the continent, it took airplanes—and later, satellites---to chart Antarctica’s vast interior(内陆). That job continues today. And it is a job that still require a mapmaker, or cartographer, to put on boots and head out into the wild.”可知，海岸线可以由在南极洲航行的船只绘制，但它需要飞机和后来的卫星来绘制南极洲广阔的内陆。这项工作今天仍在继续。可知这是一项仍然需要地图制作者，或制图师，穿上靴子，走向野外的工作。由此可知，由船只来绘制海岸线相对容易些，绘制南极洲地图不仅需要飞机和卫星，还需要制图者走向野外进行大量的工作。故A、C是正确的，B是错误的。根据最后一段Antarctica may no longer be Terra Incognita, but it still holds countless mysteries（南极洲也许不再是未知的土地，但它仍然蕴藏着无数的秘密），可知，南极仍是个神秘的大陆， D也正确。综合可知，B项是错误的，故选B。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“PGC teamed up with Google to use the company’s Trekker technology to capture images of Antarctica for the Internet giant’s popular feature, Street View.”可知， PGC最初与谷歌合作，是利用公司的Trekker技术为这家互联网巨头广受欢迎的街景拍摄南极洲的照片（capture images of Antarctica for Street View）。故选A。
【42题详解】
主旨大意题。第四段的首句“The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program.”是主旨句，可知麦克默多站的PGC工作人员为美国南极计划提供高度专业化的制图服务。下文整个第四段都是围绕这个主旨句来说明这种服务的，故选D。
【点睛】每一个段落都会有一它的段落大意。此题型要求考生在理解文章后归纳文章段落的要点，概括一段的中心思想。一般地说，找出主题句，抓住文章主线和关键词语，就能归纳一段的中心。要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章及一个段落的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出其主要大意。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。如第4小题属于主旨大意题。第四段的首句“The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program.”是主旨句，可知麦克默多站的PGC工作人员为美国南极计划提供高度专业化的制图服务。下文整个第四段都是围绕这个主旨句来说明这种服务的，故选D。
（C）
A therapy-animal trend attracts the United States. The San Francisco airport uses a pig to calm tired travelers. Universities nationwide bring dogs (and a donkey) onto campus to relieve students during finals. And that duck on a plane? It might be an emotional-support animal prescribed by a mental health professional.
The trend, which has been gaining popularity hugely since its initial stirrings a few decades ago, is strengthened by a widespread belief that interaction with animals can reduce distress whether it happens over belief physical contact at the airport or in long-term relationships at home. Certainly the groups offering up pets think so, as do some mental health professionals. But the popular embrace of pets as furry therapists is causing growing discomfort among some researchers in the field, who say it has raced far ahead of scientific evidence.
Earlier this year in the Journal of Applied Development Science, an introduction to articles on “animal -assisted intervention” said research into its effectiveness “remains in its infancy.” A recent literature review by Molly Crossman, a Yale University doctoral candidate who recently wrapped up one study involving an 8-year-old dog named Pardner, cited a “vague body of evidence” that sometimes has shown positive short-term effects, often found no effect and occasionally identified higher rates of distress.
Overall, Crossman wrote, animals seem to be helpful in a “small-to-medium” way, but it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play.
“It’s a field that has been sort of carried forward by the beliefs of practitioners” who have seen patients’ mental health improve after working with or adopting animals, said James Serpell, director of the Centre for the Interaction of Animals and Society at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. “That kind of thing has almost driven the field, and the research is playing catch-up. In other words, people are recognizing that stories aren’t enough.”
Using animals in mental health setting is nothing new. In the 17th century, a Quaker-run retreat in England encouraged mentally ill patients to interact with animals on its grounds. Sigmund Freud often included one of his dogs in psychoanalysis sessions. Yet the subject did not become a research target until the American psychologist Boris Levinson began writing in the 1960s about the positive effect his dog Jingles had on patients.
But the evidence to date is problematic, according to Crossman’s review and others before it. Most studies had small sample sizes, she wrote, and an “alarming numbers” did not control for other possible reasons for a changed stress level, such as interaction with animal’s human handler. Studies also tend to generalize across animals, she noted. If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response.
43. According to the passage, what makes the therapy-animal trend more popular?
A. It has been in existence for no less than twenty years.
B. Mental health professionals have managed to cure patients with animals.
C. It is widely assumed that staying with animals can make people happier.
D. There is much related research to show that animals do good to some patients.
44. Molly Crossman is quoted in the passage to ____
A. illustrate more scientific evidence is needed that animals are effective therapists.
B. highlight the importance of practitioners’ beliefs in the field of animal therapies.
C. question Srepell’s view that animals deserve the credit in helping patients.
D. criticize people for their taking human-animal stories too seriously.
45. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Animal-assisted intervention turns out to be of more use than people think.
B. It is hard to see how many reasons there are for people to benefit from animals.
C. Research findings relating to one breed of dogs may not apply to another breed.
D. Small sample sizes can sometimes produce reliable effects in human-animal studies
46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A More evidence found for dog-human relationship
B. Potential effects dogs have on patients
C. Therapeutic animal: nothing new
D. Good dog, good therapist?
【答案】43. C 44. A 45. C 46. D
【解析】
本文为议论文。动物疗法自几十年前最初出现以来，一直广受欢迎。人们普遍认为，与动物的互动能少痛苦悲伤，使人更快乐。文章中针对与动物的互动有助于人类解压的论点给出了两个实验结果加以推理和批判。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The trend, which has been gaining popularity hugely since its initial stirrings a few decades ago, is strengthened by a widespread belief that interaction with animals can reduce distress whether it happens over belief physical contact at the airport or in long-term relationships at home.”可知，动物疗法自几十年前最初出现以来，一直广受欢迎。人们普遍认为，与动物的互动都能减少悲伤。而C项（人们普遍认为和动物在一起可以使人更快乐）就是对本句的同义解释。故选C。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play”可知，但目前还不清楚是动物的功劳还是其他因素在有助于缓解压力。可推断出还需要更多的科学证据证明动物是有效的治疗者。故选A。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response.”可知，一种类型动物身上出现的实验结果不一定出现在另一类型动物身上，因此C项（与一种狗有关的研究结果可能不适用于另一种狗）符合题意。故选C
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。文章前两段提出观点“人们普遍认为和动物在一起可以使人更快乐”。接着本文主要针对与动物的互动有助于人类解压的论点给出了两个实验结果加以推理和批判。如第四段中的“it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play”可知，还需要更多的科学证据证明动物是有效的治疗者。最后一段“If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response.”可知，一种类型动物身上出现的实验结果不一定出现在另一类型动物身上。因此D项（Good dog, good therapist?“好狗，好的治疗师？”）能概括全文。故D项。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Acid rain is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gases like Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are produced by power stations and cars. ___47___
Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks and buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone, are particularly badly affected. The acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are worn away more quickly.
____48____According to a report in the Scientist, acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins Mexico. The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza, Tulum and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed. These sites are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between 250 BC and AD900, and the spectacular ruins of civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every year.
The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruption make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of dissolving reduced. ___49___
Mexico’s current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil field and a few years ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico was selling large quantities of oil to the USA and earning a lot of money. The government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money from banks around the world, thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts. However, the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans. ___50___
A. However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.
B. That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already.
C. So unless the price of rises, it is unlikely that Mexican will be able to afford to clean up the pollution and save its Mayan ruins from destruction.
D. These measures would reduce the pollution, but would not stop it completely.
E. The problem, however, is not a European one.
F. They dissolve in rainwater and this makes acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams.
【答案】47. F 48. E
49. A 50. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。主要说明了了酸雨现在是欧洲工业化国家常见的问题，酸雨对环境及人类文明遗迹造成了破坏。而解决酸雨污染的主要措施就是要投入足够的资金和精力。
【47题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。空格后的“Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks and buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone, are particularly badly affected.”讲述了acid rain酸雨还可以溶解一些岩石等。根据本句中的“also”,可知，上文还有讲其他的害处。根据作者的行文思路，讲明这些有害气体是怎样形成酸雨，对环境造成伤害的。分析选项，F项（它们在雨水中溶解，形成酸雨，损害树木、河流和溪流）符合题意，故选F。
【48题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。前文第一段讲了“Acid rain is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe.”可知在欧洲的工业化国家，酸雨是一个常见的问题。而这一问题又在后文 “acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins Mexico”（ 酸雨被认为是造成墨西哥古代遗迹迅速衰败的原因）的出现，由此可推断出酸雨并不只是欧洲的问题。可知E项（The problem, however, is not a European one.）符合题意，故选E。
【49题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上文“with enough money and effort, the rate of dissolving reduced.可知with enough money（有足够的资金和努力） 可以缓解这一问题，后文Mexico’s current lack of funds（墨西哥目前资金短缺），可知选项的关键词为money，但资金缺乏。分析选项可知答案A项（然而，墨西哥政府没有足够的钱来做这项工作，需要把所有的钱花在墨西哥人民身上）与语境相符，且有词 “enough money”与本段中的词有复现，符合题意，故选A。
50题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。这一段主要讲了解决酸雨的措施，足够的钱是解决这一问题的关键，根据前文“the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans”可知“随后油价下跌，墨西哥欠下巨额债务，石油销售收入不足以偿还贷款”。可推断出石油价格是有足够钱（enough money）的关键。分析选项，可知C项（因此，除非价格上涨，否则墨西哥不太可能有能力清理污染，使玛雅遗址免遭破坏。）符合题意，故选C。
【点睛】六选四题型主要考察学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性这种题一般可从以下方面来做：
（1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。
（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。六选四空出的是整个句子，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。如第2小题前文第一段讲了“Acid rain is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe.”可知在欧洲的工业化国家，酸雨是一个常见的问题。而这一问题又在后文 “acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins Mexico”（ 酸雨被认为是造成墨西哥古代遗迹迅速衰败的原因）的出现，由此可推断出酸雨并不只是欧洲的问题。可知E项（The problem, however, is not a European one.）符合题意，故选E。
（3）看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语，实现关键词的对接，尤其是词（或短语）的复现。先易后难，各个突破。通过阅读选项，有可能根据选项中的关键词找出正确选项。根据上文“with enough money and effort, the rate of dissolving reduced.可知with enough money（有足够的资金和努力） 可以缓解这一问题，后文Mexico’s current lack of funds（墨西哥目前资金短缺），可知选项的关键词为money，但资金缺乏。分析选项可知答案A项（然而，墨西哥政府没有足够的钱来做这项工作，需要把所有的钱花在墨西哥人民身上）与语境相符，且有词 “enough money”与本段中的词有复现，符合题意，故选A。
（4） 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however 等。如
最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。
IV. Summary Writing
51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Ellie is a psychologist, and a good one at that. Smile in a certain way, and she knows precisely what your smile means. She listens to what you say, processes every word, works out the meaning of your pitch, your tone, your posture, everything. She is at the top of her game but, according to a new study, her greatest advantage is that she is not human.
When faced with tough or potentially embarrassing questions, people often do not tell doctors what they need to hear. Yet the researchers behind Ellie, led by Jonathan Gratch at the Institute for Creative Technologies, in Los Angeles, suspected from their years of monitoring human interactions with computers that people might be more willing to talk if presented with an avatar, that is, a virtual figure. To test this idea, they put 239 people in front of Ellie to have a chat with her about their lives. Half were told (truthfully) they would be interacting with an artificially intelligent virtual human (AIVH); the others were told (falsely) that Ellie was a bit like a puppet, and was having her strings pulled remotely by a person.
Dr Gratch and his colleagues report that, though every participant interacted with the same avatar, their experiences differed markedly based on what they believed they were dealing with. Those who thought Ellie was under the control of a human operator reported greater fear of disclosing personal information, and said they managed more carefully what they expressed during the session, than did those who believed they were simply interacting with a computer.
【答案】Ellie, a virtual psychologist, gains an advantage over a human doctor in helping patients. In the research, the participants were asked to talk with Ellie. Some were told Ellie was a virtual human while the others were told Ellie was controlled by a man. The researchers found the former were more willing than the later to disclose their personal information
【解析】
【分析】
本文为概要写作。本文首先要用不超过60个词来概括大意和要点，但不能用文章中的原句。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
【详解】本文为概要写作。概要写作一般分为以下几步：首先弄清要求。概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节；第二要细读原文，找出文章主旨和结构，列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。用一些具有概括功能的词和句式，如各种复合句或非谓语等对文章的具体信息进行概括、表述出来。最后要用适当的关联词语贯通全文。本文的要点需要包括（1）Ellie是一个a virtual psychologist；（2）需要介绍对于Ellie的不同观点；(3)最后要进行总结。
写概要时，要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，略去不必要的细节。不要抄袭原句，通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。写作时注意抓住文章的主旨大意，避免逻辑混乱。概要应与原文一致，字数应在要求之内。
【点睛】本文要点完整，语句通顺，概括的内容与原文的内容一致。文章的结构简单，被动结构之主，主动语态与被动语态相结合。句式以简单句为主，辅之以while引导的状语从句Some were told Ellie was a virtual human while the others were told Ellie was controlled by a man和宾语从句The researchers found the former were more willing than the later to disclose their personal information。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate tho following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
52. 据报道这场森林大火吞噬了42条生命,摧毁了7000多幢房腿(It)
53. 我国正在全力以赴促进经济与结构调整。(promote)
54. 只有车记使备中国才能早日实现。(Only)
55. 许多中国的航空公司允许乘客在飞行过程中使用手机,这意味我们可以在空中玩喜欢的游戏了。(allow)
【答案】52. It was reported that the forest fire had killed 42 people and destroyed over 7000 buildings.
53. Our country is going all but to promote economic and structural adjustments.
54. Only when we keep the mission in mind can the Chinese dream be realized as soon as possible.
55. Many Chinese airlines allow passengers to use their smart phones during the flight, which means we can play our favorite games in the air.
【解析】
【52题详解】
考查形式主语。It was reported that据报道，该句型是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句中，使用过去完成时，故翻译为It was reported that the forest fire had killed 42 people and destroyed over 7000 buildings.
【53题详解】
考查时态和动词。表示正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，promote是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故翻译为Our country is going all but to promote economic and structural adjustments.
【54题详解】
考查部分倒装。以“only+它所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句”位于句首时，常使用部分倒装，故翻译为Only when we keep the mission in mind can the Chinese dream be realized as soon as possible.
【55题详解】
考查固定句型和非限制性定语从句。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，该句型是固定句型。这里含有一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句内容，故翻译为Many Chinese airlines allow passengers to use their smart phones during the flight, which means we can play our favorite games in the air.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请记叙一件发生在你的旅行途中的印象深刻的事，并简要谈谈你的感悟。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I love traveling. Traveling not only broadens my horizons but also opens my eyes to the world. What’s more, it refreshes me. However, among all my trips, the trip to Guilin impress me most.
Famed as a heaven on earth, the scenery of Guilin and its livable environment deeply enchanted us. Unfortunately, I saw a couple of youngsters throwing rubbish into the lake where many dead fishes floated on the surface, sitting on the boat and enjoying their sightseeing. What the aboving scene can be elaborated in terms of environmental problem and public manners. On the one hand, along with the development of the economy and society, people tend to attach great importance to personal and economic interests, ignoring ecological balance. As a consequence, environment has been polluted so seriously that environmental protection should be put on the agenda immediately. On the other hand, the inappropriate public manners such as littering and spitting are also one of the major factors causing environmental problems.
To live a more comfortable life, we must promote and popularize the sense of environmental protection. For one thing, laws and regulations should be issued to change the practice of sacrificing long-term environmental health for short-term rapid economic development. For another, some educational campaign should be launched among the public, especially the young, to raise the awareness of public morality. Only in these ways can we achieve sustainable development and live in a harmonious society.
【解析】
【分析】
本文为开放性作文。要求用120-150词来记叙一件发生在你的旅行途中的印象深刻的事，并简要谈谈你的感悟。
【详解】开放式作文通常只给一个话题或提供一个写作的开头，写作难度较大，发挥的空间很大。这种作文的内容比较广泛，一般是以学生熟悉的生活题材为主。这类作文最能体现学生的英语书面交际的综合能力。写作时一要看清楚题目，理解题目的内涵，确定要写的作文的内容和题材。其二、针对中心，搜集素材，理清思路，按照一定的顺序确定出一个较完美的写作提纲。其三、确定每一部分的写作重点、细节和时态。
本文提示语很少，根据要求可知文章内容包括两点：记叙一件发生在你的旅行途中的印象深刻的事，并简要谈谈你的感悟。写作时要用一些熟悉的句子，句式相对灵活，以免意思表达不清楚。文章结构要合理，层次清晰，运用适当的关联词语贯通全文，使行文连贯。但要避免写流水账作文，主次要分明，以事实为依据谈谈自己的感悟。写完后要仔细检查。
【点睛】本文的内容完整，中心明确，结构合理，层次也清晰，行文连贯，表达到位。开篇提出印象最深刻的桂林之行，然后进行了描述，最后说出了自己对乱扔垃圾破坏环境的这种现象的看法，从而说出自己的感悟：要想过上更好的生活，就要有保护环境的意识，要提倡环保意识和向公众普及环境，人人保护环境，才能实现可持续发展，才有和谐的社会。
文章句式多变，既有并列句Traveling not only broadens my horizons but also opens my eyes to the world ；名词从What the above scene can be elaborated in terms of environmental problem and public manners. ；状语从句environment has been polluted so seriously that environmental protection should be put on the agenda immediately。还运用了部分倒装，有as引导的倒装Famed as a heaven on earth, the scenery of Guilin and its livable environment deeply enchanted us和only引导的部分倒装Only in these ways can we achieve sustainable development and live in a harmonious society。其中非谓语运用的特别灵活，既有动词的ing形式作宾补I saw a couple of youngsters throwing rubbish into the lake 也有动词ing形式作定语，如 one of the major factors causing environmental problems；还有动词不定式作目的状语To live a more comfortable life, we must promote and popularize the sense of environmental protection。
此外文章的语言优美，高级词汇运用恰当，如what’s more; not onlybut also; as a consequence; attach great importance to; in terms of；put on the agenda；the sense of environmental protection；连词有On the one hand, On the other hand, For one thing, For another, ..这些词汇和连词运用到位，使得文章逻辑严密。总之本文是一篇上乘的佳作。
2019-2020学年上海市浦东新区建平中学
高三上学期英语摸底考试卷
I. Listening Comprehension(略)
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
To have a fruitful discussion, teachers need to decide what seating arrangement is best for their own class and be prepared to experiment with different methods.___1___ method is adopted, it should help and be productive of dialogue between children as well as between teacher and child. Within the physical setting, children and teachers should agree ___2___ a discussion takes place.
Why are rules necessary for discussion? This may be a question to ask the children. If children are given freedom to talk, why are there rules that will restrict that freedom? The golden rule is of course that one’s own freedom ___3___ not interfere with the freedom of others. Individuals within a democratic community have equal rights. A child who talks all the time ___4___(deny) the rights of others to be heard. Each person should be allowed an equal chance to speak and to put forward their own point of view and if we wish ___5___listen) to, then we should listen to others. There is no point giving a point of view ___6___ someone is listening.___7___ of us are capable of listening to more than one person at a time, so another basic rule should be: only one person to speak at a time. Listening implies not only hearing the words but paying attention to the meaning of ___8___ is being said. This is not a natural thing for children to do. School is typically a place where children learn to listen to the teacher but not to each other. The skills of listening need to be practiced. The ideal discussion,___9___ everyone listens to the speaker and then each is allowed to reply, is rare among adults, let alone children. It works ____10____ (well) when certain ground-rules for discussion are followed.
【答案】1. Whichever
2. how 3. should
4. denies 5. to be listened
6. unless 7. None
8. what 9. in which
10. better
【解析】
本文为说明文。本文主要说明如何在课堂进行有效讨论的方法。一个富有成效的讨论，孩子和老师应该就如何进行讨论达成一致。讨论要遵循两个基本的原则，即一个人自己的自由不应妨碍他人的自由。民主社会中的个人享有平等权利，人人都有话语权。第二是每次只能听一个人讲话，要学会倾听，每个人都能回答问题。这样才会使讨论更有效。
【1题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：无论采用哪种方法，都应有助于儿童之间以及教师与儿童之间的对话，并使之富有成效。根据语境可知，此空格是修饰名词different methods。根据前句中有different methods，本句是指上文中提到的不同方法中的无论哪一种，有范围中的无论哪一种，应该用whichever，表示无论哪一种方法。故填Whichever。
【2题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：在现实环境中，孩子和老师应该就讨论的方式达成一致。根据上下文可知，此处是指就讨论的方式达成一致，即 如何讨论达成一致，表方式，故填how。
【3题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：最好的原则当然是一个人自己的自由不应妨碍他人的自由。根据语境可知，此处表示一种建议，即应该如何做。should 表示提出建议，表示“应该，可以”。故填should。
【4题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：一个总是说话的孩子会剥夺他人的发言权。分析句子可知，本句的主语是三人称单数a child，根据全文可知，此处要用一般现在时，即用denies，故填denies。
【5题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：如果我们希望别人倾听，我们就应该倾听别人。“wish to do sth”为固定搭配，意为“希望做某事”。但是也要注意此处用动词不定式的被动，由语境可知，此处表示我们希望被倾听，表示方式。故填to be listened。
【6题详解】
考查条件状语从句。句意：除非有人在听，否则发表观点是没有意义的。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少连词。根据句意，表示除非有人倾听，否则发表意见也没有意义的。连词unless意为“除非”，故填unless。
【7题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：我们没有人能够同时听一个以上的人讲话，所以另一个黄金规则应该是:一次只能听一个人讲话。根据后面的“另一个黄金规则是一次只有一个人说话” ，可知没有人(none)能够一次同时倾听很多人讲话。故填None。
【8题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：倾听意味着不仅要听单词，而且要注意所说内容的意思。分析句子结构，从句中缺少主语，名词从句中缺少主语一般用what，用what表示正在被说的事情。故填what。
【9题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在理想的讨论中，每个人都听演讲者的讲话，允许每个人作出回应。分析句子可知，本句是非限制性定语从句。the ideal discussion是先行词，在定语从句中作状语， 即in the discussion，要用in which，故填in which。
【10题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：当遵守了某些基本的讨论规则时，讨论会更有效。根据语境可知，前后句暗含比较，主要强调后句的方法更好。故填better。
Section B(10分)
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation i Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for ___11___.
Honnold could not ___12___ any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to ___13___him if he fell. After a four-hour ___14___ of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself.
EI Capitan had been climbed ___15___ before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its ___16___. In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was ___17___ only by relief at his safe return.
The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing (竞技攀岩). In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s ___18___part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was ___19___ accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020.
These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more ___20___to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings.
【答案】11. C 12. D
13. F 14. G
15. H 16. E
17. I 18. J
19. A 20. B
【解析】
本文为记叙文。本文主要描述了Yosemite优胜美地国家公园里的酋长岩上的黎明墙EI Capitan远远地看着就能让人害怕的岩石，是世界上最难的攀岩路线，一直被认为是无法完成的攀岩路线。2015年，美国人汤米·考德威尔（Tommy Caldwell）和凯文·乔格森（Kevin Jorgeson）经过多年的尝试，建立了一条通往黎明墙的路线。Alex Honnold在今年的6月，通过自由攀登，第一次登上了近乎垂直的酋长岩上的黎明墙，被同行所称赞，成为体育攀岩里程碑中的最新成就。随着世界各地都出现了攀岩场，攀岩运动变得更加安全，普通人也更容易接触到它了。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：今年6月，Alex Honnold 成功地徒手攀岩近乎垂直的岩石壁，这种岩石壁手能接触的地方只有手指尖大小的地方。分析句子可知，本句是指攀爬的岩石非常难，手几乎没有地方可接触到，即只有手指尖(fingertips)大小的地方可接触，表明这次攀岩很危险。故填C项。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：Honnold不能有任何失误，那是因为他只带了一袋体操运动员用的吸湿粉，以保持手指不会湿。从后文That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. 说明Honnold could not (2)______ any slips，这句话是为什么不能怎么样。由于徒手攀岩，没有任何防护措施，所以对他来说承担不起即不能有任何闪失。“could not afford sth..”意为”无法承担的起”，故选择D项。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果他摔倒了，没有绳子来保护他的安全。to do sth, 可知是动词原形，由于前两句是徒手攀岩，没有任何防护，所以没有绳子来保证他的安全(secure)。故选择F。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：四个小时他展示了他的力气和（计算上的）精密度，他最终安全挑战了他自己。分析句子结构可知，of前一般用名词，即名词+of，可知此处要填名词，根据语境可知，此处要填display（展示，表现），G项意思符合。故选G。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：EI Capitan以前也曾无伴攀爬过，包括Honnold，但从来没有以现在这样的方式攀爬过。EI Capitan had been climbed (5) ______ before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. 可以看出以前也有人过来独自（solo，意为“独奏，独舞，单人表演”）攀岩，solo即对应的是partnerless（无伴的），故选H。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这是一项最纯粹的运动。在美国攀岩运动的发源地约塞米蒂，汉诺德已经达到了顶峰。根据 In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. 可知，这次攀岩运动没有任何保护措施，这正是这项运动最纯粹的(purest)部分。 at its purest，意为“最纯粹的”，符合题意， 故选E。
【17题详解】
考查分词。句意：欣慰的是他平安归来，配的上同伴们的称赞。根据上文可知，这次攀岩很危险，因此他能攀岩回来，配得上同伴们的称赞，故matched（与相匹配，配的上） 符合题意。故选I。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：2015年，另两名美国人汤米·考德威尔(Tommy Caldwell)和凯文·乔奇森(Kevin Jorgeson)经过多年的尝试，建立了一条通往EI Capitan最光滑，最光秃的黎明墙(Dawn Wall)的路线。In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s (8)______part, after years of attempts. 多年的努力尝试，终于登上了EI Capitan 以前未曾有人成功登上的地方，这是黎明墙最光秃秃的部分。 对应 blank意为“空白的，光秃秃的”，根据前面的“pulling on edges barely big enough for ___1___.”可知，几乎没有手可用力的地方。可为为最为光秃的地方，故选J。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：去年，运动攀岩正式被纳入2020年东京奥运会的比赛项目。根据“accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020”可知，在2020 年的奥林匹克运动会上climbing成为一个项目存在，即被正式的(officially)纳入比赛项目，故A项合适。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在过去的十年里，世界各地都出现了攀岩馆，这使得攀岩运动变得更加安全，普通人也更容易接触到它。 “accessible to”为固定搭配，意为“对是可得到的/可使用的/可接触的” ordinary people. 现在攀岩馆出现在全世界各地，使得此项运动更加的安全和大众化。以前攀岩为一项危险的运动，徒手无防护，只有冒险家才敢尝试。现在对大众来说也可以接触到。故B项合适。故选B项。
III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.
There was once a time that I would only do what I knew was comfortable for me. Stuck in a continuous cycle of repetitive choices, I knew what was____21____when it came to making decisions. I knew what wouldn’t ___22___me too much, what would me glued to the floor of where I already was____23____ little did I realize at the time that this was not the right path for me.
After living the same type of life for so long I decided bat there was more for me. Although it was uncomfortable at first, I pushed myself to get___24___ in things that I wouldn't normally do, I decided to open up and talk to other people that I didn’t think I would have the___25___ to show my face to, and I started to share more about myself with others that already knew me. By doing these things, I ___26___ to find more parts of life to open myself up to.
A quote said"Life begins at the end of your comfort zone."Reading the quote made me realize that I was stuck in a life that wasn't truly mine. I was bound by chains that made me ___27___ to experience life, so I always keep it as a reminder to myself to go beyond my____28____.
There are a few ways you can begin to push past your comfort zone. First, make a bucket list. All you need to do is write down a list of things that you want to ___29___ in your lifetime, but make sure you do them. A bucket list isn't useful unless you are ___30___ going to try and achieve it.
Secondly, if you want, ask someone to tag along(H E). If you have a friend who is also interested in experiencing more of their life then you can join ___31___ and work together. That way, you can push each other to actually go out and experience.
Finally, ____32____ yourself. Make yourself a promise that if you check something off your bucket list then you will do something nice for yourself. Maybe you have always been interested in bungee jumping, but have been toe afraid. Put it on the list and promise yourself a shopping trip or anything else to ___33___ yourself into doing it.
Life is about ____34____ it up with as many experiences as possible, so don’t miss out on an amazing opportunity to ____35____ yourself or lean something valuable.
21. A. safe B. sensitive C. alternative D. greedy
22. A. tempt B. exclude C. scare D. impose
23. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However
24. A. absorbed B. participated C. can D. involved
25 A. confidence B. benefit C. burden D. passion
26. A. claimed B. strived C. hesitated D. pretended
27. A. excited B. curious C. flexible D. afraid
28. A. imagination. B. control C. limits D. expectation
29. A. accomplish B. combine C. cultivate D. ensure
30. A. accidentally B. desperately C. actually D. consequently
31. A. ideas B. forces C. factors D. effects
32. A. behave B. engage C. treat D. help
33. A. bribe B. trap C. cheat D. shape
34. A. making B. taking C. pilling D. filling
35. A. satisfy B. relax C. identify D. better
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它，所以不要错过一个让你变得更好或学到一些有价值的东西的绝佳机会。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个不断重复选择的循环中，我知道在做决定时什么是安全的。A. safe安全的；B. sensitive 敏感的；C. alternative供选择的；D. greedy贪婪的。根据前文I would only do what I knew was comfortable for me, 得出此处为安全的决定。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道什么不会让我太害怕，虽然这时我很少能意识到哪条路才是对的。A. tempt诱惑；B. exclude 排除；C. scare害怕；D. impose利用。根据上文的what was safe, 推知此处what wouldn’t scare, 与安全的决定表示相同的含义。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我知道什么不会让我太害怕，虽然这时我很少能意识到哪条路才是对的。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Moreover而且；D. However然而。此处需要however作为关系副词，表示转折。However little did I realize at the time that this was not the right path for me. 本句是倒装句+宾语从句，表示“虽然这时我很少能意识到哪条路才是对的”。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：虽然起初很不舒服,我将自己卷入我通常不会做的事情,我决定打开心扉和我认为我没有信心展示我的脸的人们交谈。get involved in涉及，卷入，该短语是固定搭配，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然起初很不舒服,我将自己卷入我通常不会做的事情,我决定打开心扉和我认为我没有信心展示我的脸的人们交谈。A. confidence自信；B. benefit好处；C. burden 负担；D. passion热情。从上下文得知，我没有抛头露面的自信。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过做这些事情，我努力寻找生活可以展示的部分。A. claimed宣称；B. strived努力；C. hesitated犹豫；D. pretended假装。文中表示通过和熟悉的人分享经历，我努力寻找生活可以展示的部分。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我被锁链束缚着，这让我害怕体验生活，所以我总是把它作为一个提醒，提醒自己要超越自己的极限。A. excited兴奋的；B. curious好奇的；C. flexible灵活的；D. afraid害怕的。根据so I always keep it as a reminder to myself to go beyond my____8____.可知我害怕体验生活。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被锁链束缚着，这让我害怕体验生活，所以我总是把它作为一个提醒，提醒自己要超越自己的极限。A. imagination.想象；B. control控制；C. limits极限；D. expectation.期待。文中表示“提醒自己要超越自己的极限。”故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你所需要做的就是写下你想在有生之年完成的事情的清单，但一定要做到。A. accomplish完成；B. combine结合；C. cultivate培养；D. ensure保证。根据A bucket list isn't useful unless you are ___10___ going to try and achieve it.可知这里意思是你所需要做的就是写下你想在有生之年完成的事情的清单。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：除非你真的想要实现它，否则遗愿清单是没有用的。A. accidentally意外地；B. desperately拼命地；C. actually实际上；D. consequently结果。此处理解为除非真正完成了任务，否则列表只能是列表，因此只有actually符合题意。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：如果你有一个朋友也对体验他们的生活感兴趣，那么你可以加入他们一起工作。A. ideas观点；B. forces力量；C. factors因素；D. effects影响。 join forces协力，团结与work together 并列，故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后,犒劳自己。A. behave表现；B. engage参与； C. treat对待；D. help帮助。由倒数第二段推知，如果完成列表任务，可以对自己好点，也就是给自己一些奖励，因此这里是treat yourself犒劳自己。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：把它列在清单上，答应自己一次购物之旅或其他任何可以诱哄自己去做的事情。A. bribe诱哄；B. trap捕捉；C. cheat欺骗；D. shape塑造。根据Make yourself a promise that if you check something off your bucket list then you will do something nice for yourself.可知这里意思是答应自己一次购物之旅或其他任何可以诱哄自己去做的事情。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它，所以不要错过一个让你变得更好或学到一些有价值的东西的绝佳机会。make up 组成； take up 占据；pile up 堆起 ；fill up填补。文中表示“生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它”。故选D。
35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它，所以不要错过一个让你变得更好或学到一些有价值的东西的绝佳机会。A. satisfy满足；B. relax放松；C. identify识别；D. better改善。此处理解为不要错过任何一个完善自己，学习有价值事情的机会。故选D。
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第1小题根据前文I would only do what I knew was comfortable for me, 得出此处为安全的决定。故选A。第9小题根据A bucket list isn't useful unless you are ___10___ going to try and achieve it.可知这里意思是你所需要做的就是写下你想在有生之年完成的事情的清单。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Notices have been put up here and there in the village for the last fortnight announcing a meeting to discuss the yearly Flower Show, which has not been held in Fairacre for a number of years. Before I became the village schoolmistress here, the Flower Show appears to have been an event of some importance and people came from miles around to enjoy a day at Fairacre.
I decided to go to the meeting, as the children in my school, I knew, used to play quite a large part in this village excitement and there were a number of special competitions, such as collecting wild flowers, making dolls’ house decorations or little gardens and so on, included in the program.
It was a freezing, starlit night. By the time I arrived at the Village hall, there were about ten people already there. The doctor was chairman of the meeting. A few men were warming their hand over the rather smoky oil stove, which was trying, somewhat inefficiently, to warm the room. The meeting was called for seven thirty---a most inconvenient time in my private opinion as it successfully upsets the evening and puts back the time of one’s evening meal. By a quarter to eight only fifteen people had arrived.
“I think we must begin,” the doctor said, turning his gentle smile upon us. He gave a short speech about the past glories of Fairarce’s Flower Show and his hopes that it might take place again. “Perhaps someone would put forward the suggestion that the Flower Show be restarted?” he suggested. There was a heavy silence, broken only by the movement of feet from the bench at the back. All fifteen of us, I noticed, were middle-aged. John Pringle, Mrs. Pringle’s only child, must have been the youngest among us and he is a man of nearly thirty. It was John who, at last, shyly answered the doctor’s request.
“I’ll do it,” he said. “Propose we have a Flower Show then.” He sat down, pink and self-conscious, and the doctor thanked him sincerely. “Is there anybody else who agrees with this proposal?” Again that painful silence. It seemed as though we sat in a dream.
“I’ll do it,” I said, when I could stand the waiting no longer. “Good! Good!” said the doctor cheerfully. “Let’s take a vote here then.” All fifteen raised their hands doubtfully. To look at our faces an outsider might reasonably have thought we were having the choice of hanging or the electric chair.
36. What is the purpose of the meeting?
A. To make arrangements for the next Flower Show.
B. To get people’s ideas about the next Flower Show.
C. To decide whether a Flower Show would be held again.
D. To find out whether people would help with the Flower Show.
37. What was the reason for the author’s attendance?
A. The school children has always taken part in the Flower Show.
B She wanted to find out what the children could do to help.
C. She wanted to know what special lessons to give the children.
D. The school children might do more work in the school garden.
38. Why did the author declare her support for Mr. Pringle’s proposal?
A. It had become fairly clear that nobody else would.
B. She was in hurry to go home.
C. She was the only one really interested in the matter.
D. She felt sorry for the doctor.
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。本文记叙了作者村里召开会议讨论是否要再次举办Flower Show时，对于普林格尔先生提出建议的建议，在没人同意的情况下，作者表达了自己对他的支持。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。第一段的第一句 “Notices have been put up here and there in the village for the last fortnight announcing a meeting to discuss the yearly Flower Show, which has not been held in Fairacre for a number of years.”中提到召集村庄里所有的人开会商讨一年一度的Flower Show——花展，而这个花展已经有好几年没在Fairacre举办了。由此可推断开会是为了讨论是否再次举办Flower Show，故答案是C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。文章第二段中的“I decided to go to the meeting, as the children in my school , I knew, used to play quite a large part in this village excitement and there were a number of special competitions, such as collecting wild flowers, making dolls’ house decorations or little gardens and so on, included in the program.”可知，作者参加这次会议是因为他是学校的学生，作者知道学生以前在这种活动中起了很大的作用。由此可推断出学校的学生过去常常参与到Flower Show当中，故答案是A。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后三段描述了普林格尔先生提出建议时，倒数第三段中的“he suggested. There was a heavy silence,”“It was John who, at last, shyly answered the doctor’s request. 倒数第二段中的‘I’ ll do it,’”、“‘Is there anybody else who agrees with this proposal?’ Again that painful silence.” 以及最后一段中的“‘I’ll do it, I said, when I could stand the waiting no longer. “Good! Good!” said the doctor cheerfully.”可知，他提出建议时一片沉寂，由此可推断出，除了作者，没有人愿意站出来支持Mr. Pringle举办花展的提议，故答案是A。
【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
如第2小题属于推理判断题。文章第二段的 “I decided to go to the meeting, as the children in my school , I knew, used to play quite a large part in this village excitement and there were a number of special competitions, such as collecting wild flowers, making dolls’ house decorations or little gardens and so on, included in the program.”可知，作者决定参加这次会议是因为他是学校的学生，作者知道学生以前在这种活动中起了很大的作用。由此可知作者学校的学生过去常常参与到Flower Show当中，故答案是A。
(B)
Mapping Antarctica
Antarctica was on the map long before anyone ever laid eyes on it. Nearly 2,400 years ago, ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle believed that a great continent must exist at the bottom of the world. They though it was needed to balance out the continents at the top of the world. In the 1500s, mapmakers often included a fanciful continent they referred to as Terra Incognita(Latin for “unknown land”) at the bottom of their maps. But it was not until the 1800s -----after explorers had sighted and set foot on Antarctica----- that mapmakers got down to the business of really mapping the continent, which is one—and—a –half times rhe size of the U.S..
While the coastline could be mapped by ships sailing around the continent, it took airplanes—and later, satellites---to chart Antarctica’s vast interior(内陆). That job continues today. And it is a job that still require a mapmaker, or cartographer, to put on boots and head out into the wild.
Cole Kelleher is familiar with that. He is a cartographer with the Polar Geospatial Center(PGC), which is based at the University of Minnesota and has a staff at McMurdo Station. PGC teamed up with Google to use the company’s Trekker technology to capture images of Antarctica for the Internet giant’s popular feature, Street View. A Trekker camera, which is the size of a basketball, is set about two feet above a backpack. The camera records image in all directions. “It weighs about 50 pounds. I was out for two and a half days, hiking 10 to 12 hours each day,” says Kelleher. It was hard work, but really an incredible experience.” According to Kelleher there are plans to use the technology to create educational apps for museums.
The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program. For one project, Kelleher used satellite images to map huge cracks in the ice. That helped a team of researchers know whether they could safely approach their field camp on snowmobiles. Another recent project was to help recover a giant, high—tech helium(氦气) balloon used to carry scientific instruments high into the atmosphere. These balloons are launched in Antarctica because there is no danger that they will hurt anyone when they fall back down to Earth. Using satellite images, Kelleher and colleagues created maps of where the balloon could be found.
Antarctica may no longer be Terra Incognita, but it still holds countless mysteries. Cartographers and the maps they make will continue to be essential in helping scientists unlock those secrets.
39. From the passage, we can infer that Antarctica was on the map in the 1500s when________.
A. mapmakers knew it was much larger than the U.S.
B. Aristotle named the continent Terra Incognita
C. no one had ever seen or been to the continent
D. it was such an interesting continent as was often referred to
40. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. It needs much work for the mapmakers to head out into the wild.
B. The interior can only be mapped by planes and satellites.
C. It is relatively easy to map Antarctica’s coastline by ship.
D. Antarctic is a vast but still mysterious continent.
41. The Polar Geospatial Center (PGC) works with Google initially_________.
A. to capture images of Antarctica for Street View
B. to test the company’s Trekker technology
C. to create educational apps for museums
D. to hike for an incredible experience
42. The fourth paragraph mainly talks about _______.
A. satellite images which are used to map huge cracks in the ice
B. a high-tech helium balloon for carrying scientific instruments
C. how to safely approach the researcher’s field camp and the balloon
D. the specialized mapmaking services provided by the PGC staff
【答案】39. C 40. B 41. A 42. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。文章主要说明了如何绘制南极洲地图。南极洲很早就在地图上了，但那时只是一块未知的大陆，充满了神秘。直到19世纪探险家们踏上这块陆地后，才开始绘制南极洲地图。但绘制南极洲地图绘制不仅需要飞机、卫星及绘制人员大量的野外工作，还需要高度专业化的绘制团队。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“In the 1500s, mapmakers often included a fanciful continent they referred to as Terra Incognita(Latin for “unknown land”) at the bottom of their maps. But it was not until the 1800s -----after explorers had sighted and set foot on Antarctica——that mapmakers got down to the business of really mapping the continent”可知在16世纪，地图绘制者经常在他们的地图底部绘上一个他们称为“未知大陆”的奇特大陆。但是直到19世纪，在探险家们发现并踏上南极洲之后，绘制者才着手绘制这块大陆的地图。由此推断出南极洲在16世纪的时候在地图上只是一块未知的大陆，在19世纪时探险家们才去过后，才开始了解。由此可推断出在16世纪时没有人见过或去过那个大陆，故选C。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“While the coastline could be mapped by ships sailing around the continent, it took airplanes—and later, satellites---to chart Antarctica’s vast interior(内陆). That job continues today. And it is a job that still require a mapmaker, or cartographer, to put on boots and head out into the wild.”可知，海岸线可以由在南极洲航行的船只绘制，但它需要飞机和后来的卫星来绘制南极洲广阔的内陆。这项工作今天仍在继续。可知这是一项仍然需要地图制作者，或制图师，穿上靴子，走向野外的工作。由此可知，由船只来绘制海岸线相对容易些，绘制南极洲地图不仅需要飞机和卫星，还需要制图者走向野外进行大量的工作。故A、C是正确的，B是错误的。根据最后一段Antarctica may no longer be Terra Incognita, but it still holds countless mysteries（南极洲也许不再是未知的土地，但它仍然蕴藏着无数的秘密），可知，南极仍是个神秘的大陆， D也正确。综合可知，B项是错误的，故选B。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“PGC teamed up with Google to use the company’s Trekker technology to capture images of Antarctica for the Internet giant’s popular feature, Street View.”可知， PGC最初与谷歌合作，是利用公司的Trekker技术为这家互联网巨头广受欢迎的街景拍摄南极洲的照片（capture images of Antarctica for Street View）。故选A。
【42题详解】
主旨大意题。第四段的首句“The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program.”是主旨句，可知麦克默多站的PGC工作人员为美国南极计划提供高度专业化的制图服务。下文整个第四段都是围绕这个主旨句来说明这种服务的，故选D。
【点睛】每一个段落都会有一它的段落大意。此题型要求考生在理解文章后归纳文章段落的要点，概括一段的中心思想。一般地说，找出主题句，抓住文章主线和关键词语，就能归纳一段的中心。要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章及一个段落的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出其主要大意。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。如第4小题属于主旨大意题。第四段的首句“The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program.”是主旨句，可知麦克默多站的PGC工作人员为美国南极计划提供高度专业化的制图服务。下文整个第四段都是围绕这个主旨句来说明这种服务的，故选D。
（C）
A therapy-animal trend attracts the United States. The San Francisco airport uses a pig to calm tired travelers. Universities nationwide bring dogs (and a donkey) onto campus to relieve students during finals. And that duck on a plane? It might be an emotional-support animal prescribed by a mental health professional.
The trend, which has been gaining popularity hugely since its initial stirrings a few decades ago, is strengthened by a widespread belief that interaction with animals can reduce distress whether it happens over belief physical contact at the airport or in long-term relationships at home. Certainly the groups offering up pets think so, as do some mental health professionals. But the popular embrace of pets as furry therapists is causing growing discomfort among some researchers in the field, who say it has raced far ahead of scientific evidence.
Earlier this year in the Journal of Applied Development Science, an introduction to articles on “animal -assisted intervention” said research into its effectiveness “remains in its infancy.” A recent literature review by Molly Crossman, a Yale University doctoral candidate who recently wrapped up one study involving an 8-year-old dog named Pardner, cited a “vague body of evidence” that sometimes has shown positive short-term effects, often found no effect and occasionally identified higher rates of distress.
Overall, Crossman wrote, animals seem to be helpful in a “small-to-medium” way, but it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play.
“It’s a field that has been sort of carried forward by the beliefs of practitioners” who have seen patients’ mental health improve after working with or adopting animals, said James Serpell, director of the Centre for the Interaction of Animals and Society at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. “That kind of thing has almost driven the field, and the research is playing catch-up. In other words, people are recognizing that stories aren’t enough.”
Using animals in mental health setting is nothing new. In the 17th century, a Quaker-run retreat in England encouraged mentally ill patients to interact with animals on its grounds. Sigmund Freud often included one of his dogs in psychoanalysis sessions. Yet the subject did not become a research target until the American psychologist Boris Levinson began writing in the 1960s about the positive effect his dog Jingles had on patients.
But the evidence to date is problematic, according to Crossman’s review and others before it. Most studies had small sample sizes, she wrote, and an “alarming numbers” did not control for other possible reasons for a changed stress level, such as interaction with animal’s human handler. Studies also tend to generalize across animals, she noted. If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response.
43. According to the passage, what makes the therapy-animal trend more popular?
A. It has been in existence for no less than twenty years.
B. Mental health professionals have managed to cure patients with animals.
C. It is widely assumed that staying with animals can make people happier.
D. There is much related research to show that animals do good to some patients.
44. Molly Crossman is quoted in the passage to ____
A. illustrate more scientific evidence is needed that animals are effective therapists.
B. highlight the importance of practitioners’ beliefs in the field of animal therapies.
C. question Srepell’s view that animals deserve the credit in helping patients.
D. criticize people for their taking human-animal stories too seriously.
45. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Animal-assisted intervention turns out to be of more use than people think.
B. It is hard to see how many reasons there are for people to benefit from animals.
C. Research findings relating to one breed of dogs may not apply to another breed.
D. Small sample sizes can sometimes produce reliable effects in human-animal studies
46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A More evidence found for dog-human relationship
B. Potential effects dogs have on patients
C. Therapeutic animal: nothing new
D. Good dog, good therapist?
【答案】43. C 44. A 45. C 46. D
【解析】
本文为议论文。动物疗法自几十年前最初出现以来，一直广受欢迎。人们普遍认为，与动物的互动能少痛苦悲伤，使人更快乐。文章中针对与动物的互动有助于人类解压的论点给出了两个实验结果加以推理和批判。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The trend, which has been gaining popularity hugely since its initial stirrings a few decades ago, is strengthened by a widespread belief that interaction with animals can reduce distress whether it happens over belief physical contact at the airport or in long-term relationships at home.”可知，动物疗法自几十年前最初出现以来，一直广受欢迎。人们普遍认为，与动物的互动都能减少悲伤。而C项（人们普遍认为和动物在一起可以使人更快乐）就是对本句的同义解释。故选C。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play”可知，但目前还不清楚是动物的功劳还是其他因素在有助于缓解压力。可推断出还需要更多的科学证据证明动物是有效的治疗者。故选A。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response.”可知，一种类型动物身上出现的实验结果不一定出现在另一类型动物身上，因此C项（与一种狗有关的研究结果可能不适用于另一种狗）符合题意。故选C
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。文章前两段提出观点“人们普遍认为和动物在一起可以使人更快乐”。接着本文主要针对与动物的互动有助于人类解压的论点给出了两个实验结果加以推理和批判。如第四段中的“it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play”可知，还需要更多的科学证据证明动物是有效的治疗者。最后一段“If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response.”可知，一种类型动物身上出现的实验结果不一定出现在另一类型动物身上。因此D项（Good dog, good therapist?“好狗，好的治疗师？”）能概括全文。故D项。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Acid rain is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gases like Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are produced by power stations and cars. ___47___
Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks and buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone, are particularly badly affected. The acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are worn away more quickly.
____48____According to a report in the Scientist, acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins Mexico. The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza, Tulum and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed. These sites are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between 250 BC and AD900, and the spectacular ruins of civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every year.
The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruption make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of dissolving reduced. ___49___
Mexico’s current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil field and a few years ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico was selling large quantities of oil to the USA and earning a lot of money. The government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money from banks around the world, thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts. However, the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans. ___50___
A. However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.
B. That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already.
C. So unless the price of rises, it is unlikely that Mexican will be able to afford to clean up the pollution and save its Mayan ruins from destruction.
D. These measures would reduce the pollution, but would not stop it completely.
E. The problem, however, is not a European one.
F. They dissolve in rainwater and this makes acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams.
【答案】47. F 48. E
49. A 50. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。主要说明了了酸雨现在是欧洲工业化国家常见的问题，酸雨对环境及人类文明遗迹造成了破坏。而解决酸雨污染的主要措施就是要投入足够的资金和精力。
【47题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。空格后的“Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks and buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone, are particularly badly affected.”讲述了acid rain酸雨还可以溶解一些岩石等。根据本句中的“also”,可知，上文还有讲其他的害处。根据作者的行文思路，讲明这些有害气体是怎样形成酸雨，对环境造成伤害的。分析选项，F项（它们在雨水中溶解，形成酸雨，损害树木、河流和溪流）符合题意，故选F。
【48题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。前文第一段讲了“Acid rain is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe.”可知在欧洲的工业化国家，酸雨是一个常见的问题。而这一问题又在后文 “acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins Mexico”（ 酸雨被认为是造成墨西哥古代遗迹迅速衰败的原因）的出现，由此可推断出酸雨并不只是欧洲的问题。可知E项（The problem, however, is not a European one.）符合题意，故选E。
【49题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上文“with enough money and effort, the rate of dissolving reduced.可知with enough money（有足够的资金和努力） 可以缓解这一问题，后文Mexico’s current lack of funds（墨西哥目前资金短缺），可知选项的关键词为money，但资金缺乏。分析选项可知答案A项（然而，墨西哥政府没有足够的钱来做这项工作，需要把所有的钱花在墨西哥人民身上）与语境相符，且有词 “enough money”与本段中的词有复现，符合题意，故选A。
50题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。这一段主要讲了解决酸雨的措施，足够的钱是解决这一问题的关键，根据前文“the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans”可知“随后油价下跌，墨西哥欠下巨额债务，石油销售收入不足以偿还贷款”。可推断出石油价格是有足够钱（enough money）的关键。分析选项，可知C项（因此，除非价格上涨，否则墨西哥不太可能有能力清理污染，使玛雅遗址免遭破坏。）符合题意，故选C。
【点睛】六选四题型主要考察学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性这种题一般可从以下方面来做：
（1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。
（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。六选四空出的是整个句子，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。如第2小题前文第一段讲了“Acid rain is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe.”可知在欧洲的工业化国家，酸雨是一个常见的问题。而这一问题又在后文 “acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins Mexico”（ 酸雨被认为是造成墨西哥古代遗迹迅速衰败的原因）的出现，由此可推断出酸雨并不只是欧洲的问题。可知E项（The problem, however, is not a European one.）符合题意，故选E。
（3）看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语，实现关键词的对接，尤其是词（或短语）的复现。先易后难，各个突破。通过阅读选项，有可能根据选项中的关键词找出正确选项。根据上文“with enough money and effort, the rate of dissolving reduced.可知with enough money（有足够的资金和努力） 可以缓解这一问题，后文Mexico’s current lack of funds（墨西哥目前资金短缺），可知选项的关键词为money，但资金缺乏。分析选项可知答案A项（然而，墨西哥政府没有足够的钱来做这项工作，需要把所有的钱花在墨西哥人民身上）与语境相符，且有词 “enough money”与本段中的词有复现，符合题意，故选A。
（4） 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however 等。如
最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。
IV. Summary Writing
51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Ellie is a psychologist, and a good one at that. Smile in a certain way, and she knows precisely what your smile means. She listens to what you say, processes every word, works out the meaning of your pitch, your tone, your posture, everything. She is at the top of her game but, according to a new study, her greatest advantage is that she is not human.
When faced with tough or potentially embarrassing questions, people often do not tell doctors what they need to hear. Yet the researchers behind Ellie, led by Jonathan Gratch at the Institute for Creative Technologies, in Los Angeles, suspected from their years of monitoring human interactions with computers that people might be more willing to talk if presented with an avatar, that is, a virtual figure. To test this idea, they put 239 people in front of Ellie to have a chat with her about their lives. Half were told (truthfully) they would be interacting with an artificially intelligent virtual human (AIVH); the others were told (falsely) that Ellie was a bit like a puppet, and was having her strings pulled remotely by a person.
Dr Gratch and his colleagues report that, though every participant interacted with the same avatar, their experiences differed markedly based on what they believed they were dealing with. Those who thought Ellie was under the control of a human operator reported greater fear of disclosing personal information, and said they managed more carefully what they expressed during the session, than did those who believed they were simply interacting with a computer.
【答案】Ellie, a virtual psychologist, gains an advantage over a human doctor in helping patients. In the research, the participants were asked to talk with Ellie. Some were told Ellie was a virtual human while the others were told Ellie was controlled by a man. The researchers found the former were more willing than the later to disclose their personal information
【解析】
【分析】
本文为概要写作。本文首先要用不超过60个词来概括大意和要点，但不能用文章中的原句。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
【详解】本文为概要写作。概要写作一般分为以下几步：首先弄清要求。概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节；第二要细读原文，找出文章主旨和结构，列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。用一些具有概括功能的词和句式，如各种复合句或非谓语等对文章的具体信息进行概括、表述出来。最后要用适当的关联词语贯通全文。本文的要点需要包括（1）Ellie是一个a virtual psychologist；（2）需要介绍对于Ellie的不同观点；(3)最后要进行总结。
写概要时，要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，略去不必要的细节。不要抄袭原句，通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。写作时注意抓住文章的主旨大意，避免逻辑混乱。概要应与原文一致，字数应在要求之内。
【点睛】本文要点完整，语句通顺，概括的内容与原文的内容一致。文章的结构简单，被动结构之主，主动语态与被动语态相结合。句式以简单句为主，辅之以while引导的状语从句Some were told Ellie was a virtual human while the others were told Ellie was controlled by a man和宾语从句The researchers found the former were more willing than the later to disclose their personal information。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate tho following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
52. 据报道这场森林大火吞噬了42条生命,摧毁了7000多幢房腿(It)
53. 我国正在全力以赴促进经济与结构调整。(promote)
54. 只有车记使备中国才能早日实现。(Only)
55. 许多中国的航空公司允许乘客在飞行过程中使用手机,这意味我们可以在空中玩喜欢的游戏了。(allow)
【答案】52. It was reported that the forest fire had killed 42 people and destroyed over 7000 buildings.
53. Our country is going all but to promote economic and structural adjustments.
54. Only when we keep the mission in mind can the Chinese dream be realized as soon as possible.
55. Many Chinese airlines allow passengers to use their smart phones during the flight, which means we can play our favorite games in the air.
【解析】
【52题详解】
考查形式主语。It was reported that据报道，该句型是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句中，使用过去完成时，故翻译为It was reported that the forest fire had killed 42 people and destroyed over 7000 buildings.
【53题详解】
考查时态和动词。表示正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，promote是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故翻译为Our country is going all but to promote economic and structural adjustments.
【54题详解】
考查部分倒装。以“only+它所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句”位于句首时，常使用部分倒装，故翻译为Only when we keep the mission in mind can the Chinese dream be realized as soon as possible.
【55题详解】
考查固定句型和非限制性定语从句。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，该句型是固定句型。这里含有一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句内容，故翻译为Many Chinese airlines allow passengers to use their smart phones during the flight, which means we can play our favorite games in the air.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请记叙一件发生在你的旅行途中的印象深刻的事，并简要谈谈你的感悟。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I love traveling. Traveling not only broadens my horizons but also opens my eyes to the world. What’s more, it refreshes me. However, among all my trips, the trip to Guilin impress me most.
Famed as a heaven on earth, the scenery of Guilin and its livable environment deeply enchanted us. Unfortunately, I saw a couple of youngsters throwing rubbish into the lake where many dead fishes floated on the surface, sitting on the boat and enjoying their sightseeing. What the aboving scene can be elaborated in terms of environmental problem and public manners. On the one hand, along with the development of the economy and society, people tend to attach great importance to personal and economic interests, ignoring ecological balance. As a consequence, environment has been polluted so seriously that environmental protection should be put on the agenda immediately. On the other hand, the inappropriate public manners such as littering and spitting are also one of the major factors causing environmental problems.
To live a more comfortable life, we must promote and popularize the sense of environmental protection. For one thing, laws and regulations should be issued to change the practice of sacrificing long-term environmental health for short-term rapid economic development. For another, some educational campaign should be launched among the public, especially the young, to raise the awareness of public morality. Only in these ways can we achieve sustainable development and live in a harmonious society.
【解析】
【分析】
本文为开放性作文。要求用120-150词来记叙一件发生在你的旅行途中的印象深刻的事，并简要谈谈你的感悟。
【详解】开放式作文通常只给一个话题或提供一个写作的开头，写作难度较大，发挥的空间很大。这种作文的内容比较广泛，一般是以学生熟悉的生活题材为主。这类作文最能体现学生的英语书面交际的综合能力。写作时一要看清楚题目，理解题目的内涵，确定要写的作文的内容和题材。其二、针对中心，搜集素材，理清思路，按照一定的顺序确定出一个较完美的写作提纲。其三、确定每一部分的写作重点、细节和时态。
本文提示语很少，根据要求可知文章内容包括两点：记叙一件发生在你的旅行途中的印象深刻的事，并简要谈谈你的感悟。写作时要用一些熟悉的句子，句式相对灵活，以免意思表达不清楚。文章结构要合理，层次清晰，运用适当的关联词语贯通全文，使行文连贯。但要避免写流水账作文，主次要分明，以事实为依据谈谈自己的感悟。写完后要仔细检查。
【点睛】本文的内容完整，中心明确，结构合理，层次也清晰，行文连贯，表达到位。开篇提出印象最深刻的桂林之行，然后进行了描述，最后说出了自己对乱扔垃圾破坏环境的这种现象的看法，从而说出自己的感悟：要想过上更好的生活，就要有保护环境的意识，要提倡环保意识和向公众普及环境，人人保护环境，才能实现可持续发展，才有和谐的社会。
文章句式多变，既有并列句Traveling not only broadens my horizons but also opens my eyes to the world ；名词从What the above scene can be elaborated in terms of environmental problem and public manners. ；状语从句environment has been polluted so seriously that environmental protection should be put on the agenda immediately。还运用了部分倒装，有as引导的倒装Famed as a heaven on earth, the scenery of Guilin and its livable environment deeply enchanted us和only引导的部分倒装Only in these ways can we achieve sustainable development and live in a harmonious society。其中非谓语运用的特别灵活，既有动词的ing形式作宾补I saw a couple of youngsters throwing rubbish into the lake 也有动词ing形式作定语，如 one of the major factors causing environmental problems；还有动词不定式作目的状语To live a more comfortable life, we must promote and popularize the sense of environmental protection。
此外文章的语言优美，高级词汇运用恰当，如what’s more; not onlybut also; as a consequence; attach great importance to; in terms of；put on the agenda；the sense of environmental protection；连词有On the one hand, On the other hand, For one thing, For another, ..这些词汇和连词运用到位，使得文章逻辑严密。总之本文是一篇上乘的佳作。
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