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安徽省全国示范高中名校2020届高三9月联考英语试题
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安徽省全国示范高中名校2019-2020学年
高三9月联考英语试题
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How will the woman get home?
A. By car. B. By bus. C. By train.
2. Where has the woman been recently?
A. Italy. B. Brazil. C. Australia.
3. How long can the man keep his magazines?
A. Two weeks. B. Three weeks. C. One month.
4.Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a hospital. B. At the barber’s. C. At a restaurant.
5. What does the man think the woman’s father should do?
A. Go to see a doctor. B. Listen to the woman. C. Stop smoking.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独自。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独自前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. W hat is the weather like now?
A. Warm. B. Cold. C. Hot.
7. What does the woman like to do in summer?
A. Buy clothes. B. Eat hot pot. C. Do outdoor sports.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
8. What is the woman doing?
A. Renting a house. B. Buying a house. C. Designing a house.
9. Where can the woman park her car?
A. In a garage. B. In a parking lot. C. In a yard.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题.
10. Why does the man say sorry?
A. His behavior worries the woman.
B. He is unable to meet the woman.
C. He is too busy in his work.
11 .What does the man’s sister look like?
A. Slim. B. Short. C. Fat.
12. What does man’s sister usually wear?
A. Short black hair. B. White dresses. C. White shoes.
13. How long has the man been married?
A. About 5 years. . B. About 15 years. C. About 50 years.
14. What present did the man give his wife last year?
A. A pearl necklace. B. A diamond necklace. C. A gold necklace.
15. What do we know about the man’s wife?
A. She likes wearing cheap earrings.
B. She can’t wear silver earrings.
C. She doesn’t like something special.
16. How much does the bracelet cost actually?
A. $450. B.$490. C.$500.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What completely changed how women dressed?
A. The households. B. The war. C. The views.
18. What did working women like to wear during the war?
A. Blue jeans. B. Leather shoes. C. Cotton skirts.
19. Why did clothes makers begin to design shorter skirts?
A To look attractive. B. To avoid unsafe machines. C. To save materials.
20. How many married women worked outside during the war?
A. Above 30%. B. About 25%. C. About 20%.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Young Writers Workshop
Since 1983 the workshop has offered teens the opportunity to explore new directions in their writing. The workshop sections are small(12 teen students). Fostering the sense of belonging to a learning community, trusting one’s own language and voice·and learning to think for other-these are the qualities and skills that the workshop strives to develop.
TERP Young Scholars
The program welcomes talented teen students to an extraordinary learning opportunity at the University of Maryland. Participants benefit from its vast resources，including libraries, computer and labs. They also enjoy trips to nearby Washington, movie nights，activities at the student union，mixers, and more. It offers college courses that are at the cutting edge of theory，thought and technology. Upon successful completion，they can earn three college credits of this university.
Books Summer Program
It is a lively and warm camp for outstanding teens who love literature and ideas. In the past eleven years, it has gathered exceptional middle and high school students to read selections from the greatest works of literature, experience college-level discussions and have fun with others. You’ll also discuss the likes of Plato, Jefferson, Tolstoy, Borges and Vonnegut.
Zeal Travel
We offer our teens two-week and three-week long trips to Hawaii，Alaska, Australia, Costa Rica, and Spain. All trips include 15-25 hours of community service activities. Every trip also includes exciting outdoor pursuits like surfing, scuba diving，ice climbing, zip line tours, hiking, and more.
1. Which program will students attend to earn college credits?
A. Young Writers Workshop. B. TERP Young Scholars.
C. Books Summer Program. D. Zeal Travel.
2. What can students do in Books Summer Program?
A. Learn how to write stories. B. Make friends with famous writers.
C. Play some games with others. D. Read and discuss the greatest works.
3. Which of the following can best describe Zeal Travel?
A. Adventurous and meaningful. B. Educational and inspiring.
C. Traditional and helpful. D. Crazy and challenging.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了四个面向青少年群体的项目。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二则介绍中的“Upon successful completion, they can earn three college credits”可知，参加者在 TERP Young Scholars完成所提供的课程可以得到马里兰大学的三个学分。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三则介绍In the past eleven years, it has gathered exceptional middle and high school students to read selections from the greatest works of literature, experience college-level discussions and have fun with others.可知，参加者在 Books Summer Program可以阅读文学作品，还可以跟其他人讨论著名作家的作品。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一则介绍All trips include 15-25 hours of community service activities.Every trip also includes exciting outdoor pursuits like surfing, scuba diving，ice climbing, zip line tours, hiking, and more.可知， Zeal Travel不仅提供极具冒险性旅游，还组织青少年到社区做服务活动。这对他们来说是非常有意义的事。故选A项。
B
Eric Davis got interested in firefighting when he was in the army. And while much of his job today is related to EMS(emergency medical services)，his first love is fighting fires. "I enjoy the job and working with people. I enjoy firefighting.” he says.
Davis studied in a firefighting school for about three months and took part in classroom work，physical exercise，and hands-on training such as fighting live fires in buildings filled with straw.
Davis says the blindfold(蒙眼的)training prepared him for real fires. "By the time we get to a fire，if it’s going pretty good，the whole house will be filled with smoke. And anytime you get near the fire, you won’t be able to see at all. Zero visibility(能见性)is the same as darkness. The blindfold training works.”
Davis believes his most important duty is making sure he’s prepared for any situation he might come across. To keep physically fit，he runs several times a week and works out. He takes classes to keep up his skills and trains regularly by fighting practice fires. Sometimes this includes cutting holes in roofs, which helps allow smoke to pass out and improves visibility for firefighters inside the building.
Firefighting means plenty of risks. Besides，Davis says·"You have to be willing to help any person you come across.” If someone is trapped，Davis or another firefighter will put himself at risk to get the person out. Davis says he is not afraid when he’s fighting a fire. He does what’s needed.
4. What is David’s main duty at present?
A. Providing emergency medical care. B. Fighting fires in tall buildings.
C. Giving firefighters training. D. Saving people trapped in fires.
5. Where did David learn firefighting?
A. In the army. B. In the hospital.}
C. In the classroom. D. In a professional school.
6. Why were learners trained blindfold?
A. To experience how the blind feel. B. To protect their eyes from the smoke.
C. To recreate a real fire situation. D. To prepare for firefighting at night.
7. What can we infer about Davis?
A. He was once an army man.
B. He tries his best to be a good firefighter.
C. He helps improve the working conditions.
D. He is worried about the safety of firefighters.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。介绍了埃里克·戴维斯和他的消防工作。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“And while much of his job today is related to EMS (emergency medical services)”可知，他现在主要的工作是提供急救服务。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Davis studied in a firefighting school for about three months”可知，他是在消防学校专门学习过的。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the blindfold training prepared him for real fires”和“anytime you get near the fire, you won’t be able to see at all”可知，学员们进行蒙眼训练是为了模仿真实的火灾现场救援。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“To keep physically fit, he runs several times a week and works out. He takes classes to keep up his skills and trains regularly by fighting practice fires.”可知， Davis积极锻炼身体并不断提高自己的工作技能，这一切都是为了成为一名好的消防员。故选B项。
C
For some people, running outdoors is a great way to exercise. What may not be so great is seeing trash all over the ground. Well, some people are doing something about it. They are plogging! Plogging began in Sweden in 2016. A Swedish man named Erik Ahlstrom became concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw each day on his way to work and he began picking up the trash. That is how plogging was born!
Plogging, by that term，may have officially begun in Sweden. But many people who exercise outdoors have been doing this for years. Take Jeff Horowitz for example. He is a personal trainer in Washington，D. C. He would often pick up trash while running outside. He even turned it into a game; he would try to pick up the trash without stopping.
Today, plogging is an official activity, one that is becoming increasingly popular. Plogging can build closer social connections in a community, and it can also be fun. When Dana Allen goes plogging around D. C., she invites her friends, and they make a day of it. Although Allen enjoys plogging，she doesn’t do it all the time. When she is training for a serious marathon race，the trash has to wait.
Cities around the world now hold plogging events. The goal is to spread the idea that littering is not acceptable. Along with cleaning up the environment, there may be another reason to choose plogging. One fitness app，Lifesum，records one hour of plogging as burning 288 calories. Usual jogging burns about 235 calories.
Getting ready to plog is similar to getting ready to jog. Ploggers do some deep knee bends as well as some balancing exercises and then they put on protective gloves. There are other safety rules for plogging. The main one is to plog in areas where there are not too many people. Stopping quickly in front of someone. to pick up an empty bag of potato chips, for example, could cause a crash.
8. What do we know about Jeff Horowitz from the text?
A. He was the first person to plog. B. He has been actually plogging.
C. He is in support of eco-travelling. D. He is an expert in picking up trash.
9. What is so special about Dana Allen’s plogging?
A. She doesn’t always do it with her friends.
B. She always finds it interesting to do it.
C. She nearly does it in a park every day.
D. She doesn’t insist doing it every day.
10. What do the numbers in Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
A. Picking up trash is important. B. Plogging events are of little use.
C. Plogging is a better workout. D. The idea of plogging is strange.
11. Why should ploggers choose to plog in less crowded areas?
A. To avoid a crash. B. To save energy.
C. To pick up more trash. D. To make it unknown.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了关于垃圾环保的一个活动“拾荒慢跑”，如今， “拾荒慢跑”已成为一项越来越受欢迎的官方活动。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的内容A Swedish man named Erik Ahlstrom became concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw each day on his way to work and he began picking up the trash.以及第二段But many people who exercise outdoors have been doing this for years. Take Jeff Horowitz for example. He is a personal trainer in Washington，D. C. He would often pick up trash while running outside. He even turned it into a game; he would try to pick up the trash without stopping.可知，其实早在Erik Ahlström提出跑步捡垃圾之前，杰夫·霍洛维茨（Jeff Horowitz）已经进行了这种健身方式。故选B项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Although Allen enjoys plogging，she doesn’t do it all the time.”可知，丹娜·艾伦非常喜欢跑步捡垃圾的健身方式，但她并不是每一天都坚持做。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的Along with cleaning up the environment, there may be another reason to choose plogging. One fitness app，Lifesum，records one hour of plogging as burning 288 calories. Usual jogging burns about 235 calories.可知，跟平常的慢跑相比，跑步捡垃圾是更能消耗卡路里的锻炼方式。故选C项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的Stopping quickly in front of someone to pick up an empty bag of potato chips, for example, could cause a crash.可知，不在人口密集的地方进行这种健身方式，目的是避免撞上其他人。故选A项。
D
Anyone who has studied biology, watched a nature documentary, or, for that matter, simply enjoyed time in the outdoors, has likely been amazed by the variety of plant and animal life on our planet.
To date, about 1.5 million species have been formally described in the scientific literature, most of them insects. Proportionally, bacteria make up less than 1% of all described species.
Scientists generally agree that many more species exist than are formally described，but they disagree about how many there really are. Some studies have estimated 2 million or fewer, whereas others suggest as many as 12 million. In a new paper published in The Quarterly Review of Biology，researchers from the University of Arizona have estimated that there are roughly 2 billion living species on Earth, over a thousand times more than the current number of described species. In coming up with their estimate，the researchers took advantage of the fact that many estimates now agree on the projected number of insect species, around 6.8 million. They incorporated new estimates of species boundaries revealed by DNA sequences, which suggest there might be six times as many insect species，increasing the total to 40 million for insect species alone.
They then reviewed all groups of organisms associated with insects as parasites. They found that each insect species most likely hosts a unique species of mite(螨)，roundworm，a one-celled microsporidian(微孢子虫), and a one-celled organism called apicomplexan(顶覆虫). Most importantly, the researchers estimated that each insect species is likely to host at least 10 bacterial species found nowhere else. Based on these estimates，they conclude that there should be around 2 billion species on Earth.
12. How many bacterial species are formally described in the scientific literature?
A. About 1.5 billion. B. About 1.5 million.
C. About 150 thousand. D. About 15 thousand.
13. Which of the following do scientists generally agree on?
A. There are many more species not included in the scientific literature.
B. There are about 1.5 million insects described in the scientific literature.
C. There are about 12 million species existing but not known to the scientists.
D. There tire about 6. 8 million insect species not hosting parasites.
14. Which word can best explain "hosts" underlined in the last paragraph?
A. Attracts. B. Supports.
C. Kills. D. Invites.
15. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. A discovery of new bacterial species.
B. Different theories to estimate species.
C. A new estimate of biodiversity on Earth.
D. Different opinions on the number of species.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。科学家们普遍认为，现存的物种比正式描述的要多得多，但他们对实际存在的物种数量却存在分歧。亚利桑那大学的研究人员回顾了所有与昆虫有关的寄生虫有机体，提出地球上应该有大约20亿物种。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段To date, about 1.5 million species have been formally described in the scientific literature, most of them insects. Proportionally, bacteria make up less than 1% of all described species.可知，正式载入科学文献中的物种大约是150万，细菌占比不超过1%，1500000*1%=15000，所以大约有一万五千种细菌计入科学文献。故选D项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists generally agree that many more species exist than are formally described，but they disagree about how many there really are.可知，科学家们一致认为真正存在的物种比计入文献的物种要多。故选A项。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句They then reviewed all groups of organisms associated with insects as parasites.可知，科学家研究了和昆虫相关联的寄生虫。而本句中host的主语是昆虫，宾语是寄生虫的种类，由此可以推断host在此处作动词，意为“供养(寄生虫)”，和B项意思相近。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。本文的主体段是尾段，They then reviewed all groups of organisms associated with insects as parasites.提出了预测物种数量的依据，而本段的尾句Based on these estimates，they conclude that there should be around 2 billion species on Earth.是主体段的主题句，也是整篇文章的主题句。所以短文主要是关于对地球生物多样性的新估计。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why don’t birds on a wire get a shock? ___16___Firstly, the bird not only forms a circuit with the wire，but it also offers a high resistance to current，so the current passes through the wire instead of the bird.
It’s a bit like this, would you prefer going on a smooth road or a road full of potholes? The answer is obvious and just like you.___17___All objects offer some amount of resistance to the flow of current，depending on the material.___18___However the more important reason why current does not pass through the bird is, there is barely any, if at all. voltage difference(电压差)across the bird. Current flow is actually just the flow of minute charged particles that are invisible to the naked eye.___19___The amount of energy needed to move the charges from one point to another is measured in terms of the potential difference between the two points.
A bird perched on high-tension wires has both its feet placed firmly on the same wire, so the potential difference from one end of the bird to the other is，for all purposes, next to nil(零).
If the bird were to touch the wire and simultaneously another wire, it would receive a mild shock. On the other hand if it were to touch the wire and some other object connected to the ground, it would receive a deadly shock.___20___
A. Many of us are puzzled at it.
B. There are two reasons for that.
C. The current prefers taking the easier path.
D. This explains why birds don’t get shocked on a wire.
E. This is just one of the reasons why birds don’t get a shock.
F. The greater the potential difference, the greater is the current flow.
G. These charged particles need an energy input in order for them to get transferred.
【答案】16. B 17. C
18. E 19. G
20. F
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章解释了为什么电线上的鸟不会受到电击的原因。
【16题详解】
根据上一句Why don’t birds on a wire get a shock? 为什么在电线上的鸟不会受到电击?以及下一句Firstly, the bird not only forms a circuit with the wire，but it also offers a high resistance to current，so the current passes through the wire instead of the bird. 首先，鸟不仅形成了一个与电线的电路，而且它也形成了电流的一个高电阻，所以电流通过电线，而不是鸟。可知，此处应该选表示“原因”的选项，故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据上文It’s a bit like this, would you prefer going on a smooth road or a road full of potholes? The answer is obvious and just like you. 有点像这样，你喜欢走平坦的路还是坑坑洼洼的路?答案很明显，就像你一样。可知，这里的road与选项C项中path是同义词，故选C项。
【18题详解】
根据上一句All objects offer some amount of resistance to the flow of current，depending on the material. 根据材料的不同，所有物体对电流都有一定的阻力。以及下一句However the more important reason why current does not pass through the bird is, there is barely any, if at all. voltage difference(电压差)across the bird.这里提出了更重要的原因。可知，下文用转折词However提出了另一个更重要的原因，此处应该指是说这是其中一个鸟不被电击的原因，故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据上一句Current flow is actually just the flow of minute charged particles that are invisible to the naked eye. 电流实际上是微小带电粒子的流动，肉眼是看不见的。可知此处关于charged particles，故选G项。
【20题详解】
根据上文On the other hand if it were to touch the wire and some other object connected to the ground, it would receive a deadly shock. 如果鸟碰到电线，同时碰到另一根电线，它会受到轻微的电击。另一方面，如果它碰到电线和其他一些与地面相连的物体，就会受到致命的电击。可知此处应该选择与电位差、电流有关的选项，故选F项。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A couple days ago, my 9-year-old son and I were grocery shopping. At the check-out, a mother was trying to understand her bill. She didn't have enough ___21___ for her milk and cheese.
The grocery store manager ___22___the items from her cart and carried them away to the refrigerator section.
Although there have been ___23___I myself didn't have money to buy groceries my family needed,I ___24___whispered to my son and told him to run and get the manager back with the items. He was ___25___. He didn't understand me. I was trying to do an act of kindness , but it ___26___ .
The lady ___27___with her son and fewer groceries than she had planned. I told the checkout guy to ___28___ me for her milk and cheese and that we'd run to the parking lot and ___29___ her. He said"You do that? "and I said"Yes, I've been there before and want to___30___they have what they need. ”
He quickly called the manager back, ___31___up my items and hers, and my son and I ran to the ___32___. But the mom and her son ___33___. I have no idea where they went. They were gone in 60 seconds and with them went my___34___to gift these necessary items. We were too late. I felt ___35___ and terrible for not speaking up and telling her what I wanted to do for her, ___36___ I wouldn't miss the chance for ___37___. I kept thinking about my ___38___: because I didn't want to ___39___ her,didn't want to cause a fuss(忙乱)
So I ask myself and you dear friends, if we allow our minds to ___40___our actions towards acting for love and kindness, is it still an act of kindness?
21. A. space B. knowledge C. money D. time
22. A. removed B. stopped C. found D. demanded
23. A. arrangements B. possibilities C. chances D. times
24. A. yet B. even C. again D. also
25 A. excited B. confused C. regretful D. thoughtful
26. A. moved on B. slowed down C. took place D. went wrong
27. A. slipped B. left C. signaled D. returned
28. A. charge B. promise C. forgive D. pay
29. A. watch B. understand C. catch D. thank
30. A. pay back B. go back C. pick up D. make sure
31. A. rang B. picked C. raised D. brought
32. A. car B. gate C. grocery D. parking lot
33. A. separated B. disappeared C. mistook D. missed
34. A. contribution B. thought C. opportunity D. mood
35. A. ashamed B. lucky C. anxious D. hopeless
36. A. but B. or C. though D. thus
37. A. success B. celebration C. kindness D. expression
38. A. fault B. hesitation C. difficulty D. expectation
39. A. inform B. disturb C. embarrass D. shock
40. A. fill B. quicken C. strengthen D. slow
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. B 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. D
【解析】
本文是记叙文。主要讲述作者和儿子在超市购物结账时发现一个女士带着她的儿子在收银处因为没有带够钱最后不得不买了少许的东西离开，作者把那些那位女士退回去的东西买了出来，本来是打算送给那位女士的，可后来就找不着他们了，作者感触到爱心也需要时间和速度，不要拖延的道理。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有足够的钱买牛奶和奶酪。A. space空间；B. knowledge知识；C. money金钱；D. time时间。结合下文“我”与儿子竭力想帮助她们亦可知答案。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：杂货店经理把她购物车里的东西拿出来，放到冰箱区。A. removed移动；B. stopped停止；C. found发现；D. demanded要求。短语removefrom "从……搬到/移到 ”。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然有时我自己没有钱买家里需要的东西，但我还是小声对儿子说，让他跑去将东西拿回来。A. arrangements安排；B. possibilities可能性；C. chances机会；D. times次数。此处times表示“有时；偶尔”，故选D。
24题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但我还是小声对儿子说，让他跑去经理那将东西拿回来。A. yet然而；B. even甚至；C. again又；再；D. also也；而且。此处yet表示“然而，但是”。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很疑惑。A. excited激动的；B. confused困惑的；C. regretful遗憾的；D. thoughtful体贴的。根据下文“He didn't understand me.”可知，这里表示儿子并没有理解我的意图，选 confused。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想做一件好事，但做错了。A. moved on继续；前进；B. slowed down减速；C. took place发生；D. went wrong出毛病。根据下文情节的发展可知事情不如作者想的那样，短语go wrong “出错，发生故障”。 D项正确。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那位女士带着儿子离开了，买的东西比她计划的要少。A. slipped滑动；B. left离开；C. signaled发信号；D. returned归还。此处表示“这位女士带着她的儿子和比她计划的更少的杂货离开了”。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让收银员向我收她牛奶和奶酪的钱。A. charge索价；B. promise承诺；C. forgive原谅；D. pay支付。短语charge for 收费，索价”。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们跑到停车场去找她。A. watch看；B. understand明白；C. catch抓住；赶上；D. thank感谢。结合上下文“我”的一系列做法可知，这里指的是“我们跑到停车场去找她”。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想确保他们有他们需要的东西。A. pay back回报；B. go back回去；C. pick up捡起；获得；D. make sure确信。此处指我对收银员说:“我想确保他们有他们需要的东西。” 短语make sure“确保，证实”。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他很快给把经理叫了回来，把我和她的东西结账。A. rang响铃；B. picked捡起；C. raised上升；D. brought带来。此处短语rang up my items 意为“扫码我的货品”。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：儿子和我跑向了停车场。A. car汽车；B. gate大门；C. grocery杂货店；D. parking lot停车场。结合上文中提到的“ we'd run to the parking lot”可知 D 项正确。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是这位妈妈和儿子已经不见了。A. separated分开；B. disappeared消失；C. mistook弄错；D. missed错过。此处表示“这对母子已经离开，找不到了”。根据下句“I have no idea where they went.”亦可知答案。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在60秒内消失了，我也失去了赠送这些必需品的机会。A. contribution贡献；B. thought想法；C. opportunity机会；D. mood心情。此处opportunity “机会，时机”。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到羞愧和糟糕的是，我没有说出来。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. lucky幸运的；C. anxious焦急的；D. hopeless绝望的。根据句意故选A。
【36题详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：否则我也不会错过这样一个表达善意的机会了。A. but但是；B. or或者；否则；C. though尽管；D. thus因此。分析上下句之间的关系可知，这里表示的是“否则、要不然，”转折含义，故选B。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：否则我也不会错过这样一个表达善意的机会了。A. success成功；B. celebration庆祝；C. kindness善举；D. expression表达。根据上文可知作者是想表达自己的善意，kindness “善意，善良”。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直在想我的犹豫不决:因为我不想让她难堪，不想让她忙乱……A. fault错误；B. hesitation犹豫；C. difficulty困难；D. expectation期待。根据句意可知应用hesitation “犹豫”。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为我不想让她难堪。A. inform 通知；B. disturb打扰；C. embarrass使尴尬；D. shock震惊。根据句意故选embarrass “使难堪，使窘迫”。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我问我自己和你们亲爱的朋友们，如果我们允许我们的思想放慢我们为爱和善良而行动的脚步，这仍然是一种善良的行为吗?A. fill装满；B. quicken加速；C. strengthen加强；D. slow放缓。结合上文“我”的一系列动作可知，这是一份“迟到的 善意”。故选D。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever wondered where Lego(乐高积木)came from? Like many great inventions,the story is not just one of a great idea, _____41_____ one of a ton of hard work and perseverance（毅力）.
The story started in Denmark. Ole Christiansen was a carpenter _____42_____ was struggling with his small business. His wife died _____43_____(short) after his fourth son was born. He had to work hard to support his family alone. He started making wood toys,but they didn't sell well. He decided his toys needed a name,and he chose _____44_____ name"Lego".
Unfortunately, several years later, his workshop _____45_____ (burn) to the ground. Soon,he started to make a few plastic toys. He got the idea to create a “system" of toys that would build up kids' _____46_____ (imagine) and creativity. He decided to stop _____47_____ (make) wood toys and focus only on the connected plastic toys. Then he started to build more and more kinds of _____48_____ (model). Each one had to be of the _____49_____ (high) quality, which can be reflected in Lego's motto —“Only the best is good enough. ”
Thanks to their perseverance, kids can enjoy Lego toys, movies, amusement parks and clothing. But none of this would have existed at that time if they ______50______ (give up) when times got hard.
【答案】41. but
42. who/that
43. shortly
44. the 45. was burned(burnt)
46. imagination
47. making 48. models
49. highest
50. had given up
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了丹麦的一个木匠奥尔·克里斯琴森创造乐高玩具的经过。
【41题详解】
考查连词。句意: 像许多伟大的发明一样，这个故事不仅仅是一个伟大的想法，而是大量的努力和毅力的结晶。短语not…but…“不是……而是……”，故填but。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句连接词。句意：奥尔·克里斯琴森是个木匠，他的小生意做得很艰难。本句为定语从句修饰先行词carpenter，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故填who/that。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：他的妻子在他的第四个儿子出生后不久就去世了。短语shortly after表示“不久之后；很快”应填副词shortly。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他觉得他的玩具需要一个名字，于是他选择了“乐高”这个名字。name为可数名词，此处特指下文"Lego"这个名字，故用定冠词the。
【45题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：不幸的是，几年后，他的工作室被夷为平地。根据上文several years later可知为描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且主语workshop与谓语动词构成被动关系，故填was burned(burnt)。
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：他的想法是创造一个玩具“系统”，可以培养孩子的想象力和创造力。根据下文并列结构and creativity可知应填名词imagination。
【47题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：他决定停止制作木制玩具，只专注于连接塑料玩具。短语stop doing sth.“停止正在做的事”后跟-ing形式，故填making。
【48题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：然后他开始建立越来越多的模型。model为可数名词，且根据上文more and more kinds of可知应填名词的复数形式models。
【49题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：每一个都必须是最高质量的，这可以体现在乐高的格言“只有最好的才足够好”。根据句意以及上文the可知应填形容词最高级highest。
【50题详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：但如果他们在困难时期放弃了，这一切在当时都不会存在。在if引导的虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。故填had given up。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分〕
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My grandpa used to be a teacher who is retired now. He has been living the busy and active life, going online, writing articles for newspapers, but attending academic conferences all over the country. He also has many hobby, such as growing flowers at home, collecting stamps and coins and especial drinking tea. There are many different tea sets and almost all kinds tea in his home, most of that I can’t name.
My grandpa is so very crazy about tea that he can’t live without enjoying tea several times a day. He once told nee he would be sleepy with tea. I often help making tea and drink together with me. I love my grandpa.
【答案】
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述作者爷爷过着忙碌和积极的生活，上网，为报纸写稿，出席学术会议也有许多爱好，如种花，集邮和钱币，特别是饮茶，因此，作者时常帮着沏茶和他一起饮茶。
【详解】1.考查固定搭配。live alife过着……的生活，故将the改为a。
2.考查连词。句意：他一直过着忙碌而积极的生活，上网，为报纸写文章，参加全国各地的学术会议。前后之间是并列关系，but表示转折；也可以是选择关系，or表示选择，故将but改为and/or。
3.考查名词的单复数。hobby前有many，这里应使用其复数形式，故将hobby改为hobbies。
4.考查副词。修饰动词短语drinking tea用副词，故将especial改为especially。
5.考查固定搭配。固定搭配all kinds of各种各样的，故在kinds后加of。
6.考查定语从句的关系词。非限制性定语从句，介词+关系代词，这里指上文的tea，关系代词只能用which，故将that改为which。
7.考查固定搭配。sothat，如此……以至于……，very多余，故将very去掉。
8.考查介词。句意：每天不喝几次茶就不能生活。根据句意可知，应用without，故将with改为without。
9.考查固定搭配。help do sth.帮忙做某事，故将making改为make。
10.考查人称代词。句意：我帮忙泡茶，还和他一起喝茶，这里指的是他，故将me改为him。
【点睛】第9小题中，很容易记错help do sth.的用法，考生经常会用doing形式。help do sth.，通常也可说成help sb to do sth，其意为“帮助某人做某事”，两者常可通用一一即其中的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。如：
We helped her（to）find her thing. 我们帮她找东西。
I helped him（to）repair his bike. 我帮他修自行车。
Mother helped me（to）do my homework. 妈妈帮助我做家庭作业。
Will you help me（to）choose myself a new coat? 请你帮我选件新大衣好吗？
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52.英国某同学打算邀请中国学生开展“手拉手”活动(The Hand-in-Hand Program)，正在站招募参加者。假如你是李华，你对该活动很感兴趣，现请你给活动负责人Mr. Smith写一封申请信，包括以下要点：
1.个人意向；2.个人优势；3.个人作用。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr. Smith，
I react about your Hand-in-Hand Program on your website just now.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Smith,
I read about your Hand-in-Hand Program on your website just now. I’m writing to apply to join in it, as the idea is very appealing to me.
I’m a senior high school student with an outgoing personality and thus very willing to reach out to others and make new friends. I have a wide range of hobbies, such as reading and writing poems; I am also good at sports, among other things. Besides, I devote a fair amount of my spare time to photography.
If I’m accepted, I will act as a bridge between British and Chinese students. I’d like to invite my British friends to our school and I’ll spare no effort to be a perfect guide for them.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
这是一封申请信，应用文。
【详解】第一步：审题：
体裁：应用文，这篇作文属于提纲类作文
人称：以第一人称为主
时态：以一般现在时为主
要点：1.个人意向；2.个人优势；3.个人作用。
层次：分为三段式。第一段是写信的目的；第二段写个人优势；第三段写个人作用。
第二步：关键词（组）：
Hand-in-Hand Program；apply to；join；appealing；senior high school；outgoing；personality；be willing to；make new friends；a wide range of；such as；be good at；devote to；a fair amount of；spare time；act as；spare no effort to do sth.等
第三步：连词成句：
1. I read about your Hand-in-Hand Program on your website just now.
2. I’m writing to apply to join in it
3. I’m a senior high school student with an outgoing personality and thus very willing to reach out to others and make new friends.
4. I have a wide range of hobbies such as reading and writing poems.
5. I am also good at sports, among other things.
6. I devote a fair amount of my spare time to photography.
7. I will act as a bridge between British and Chinese students.
8. I’ll spare no effort to be a perfect guide for them.
利用关键词组，用简单句把所要表达的意思写出来，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：关联词（组）：
表并列关系：and
表因果关系：as；thus
表并列补充关系：Besides
表示条件关系：If
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。I’m writing to apply to join in it, as the idea is very appealing to me.使用了as引导的原因状语从句；If I’m accepted, I will act as a bridge between British and Chinese students.使用if引导的条件状语从句等。还使用了一些固定词组，如such as；be good at；devote to；act as；spare no effort to do sth.等。文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
安徽省全国示范高中名校2019-2020学年
高三9月联考英语试题
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How will the woman get home?
A. By car. B. By bus. C. By train.
2. Where has the woman been recently?
A. Italy. B. Brazil. C. Australia.
3. How long can the man keep his magazines?
A. Two weeks. B. Three weeks. C. One month.
4.Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a hospital. B. At the barber’s. C. At a restaurant.
5. What does the man think the woman’s father should do?
A. Go to see a doctor. B. Listen to the woman. C. Stop smoking.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独自。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独自前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. W hat is the weather like now?
A. Warm. B. Cold. C. Hot.
7. What does the woman like to do in summer?
A. Buy clothes. B. Eat hot pot. C. Do outdoor sports.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
8. What is the woman doing?
A. Renting a house. B. Buying a house. C. Designing a house.
9. Where can the woman park her car?
A. In a garage. B. In a parking lot. C. In a yard.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题.
10. Why does the man say sorry?
A. His behavior worries the woman.
B. He is unable to meet the woman.
C. He is too busy in his work.
11 .What does the man’s sister look like?
A. Slim. B. Short. C. Fat.
12. What does man’s sister usually wear?
A. Short black hair. B. White dresses. C. White shoes.
13. How long has the man been married?
A. About 5 years. . B. About 15 years. C. About 50 years.
14. What present did the man give his wife last year?
A. A pearl necklace. B. A diamond necklace. C. A gold necklace.
15. What do we know about the man’s wife?
A. She likes wearing cheap earrings.
B. She can’t wear silver earrings.
C. She doesn’t like something special.
16. How much does the bracelet cost actually?
A. $450. B.$490. C.$500.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What completely changed how women dressed?
A. The households. B. The war. C. The views.
18. What did working women like to wear during the war?
A. Blue jeans. B. Leather shoes. C. Cotton skirts.
19. Why did clothes makers begin to design shorter skirts?
A To look attractive. B. To avoid unsafe machines. C. To save materials.
20. How many married women worked outside during the war?
A. Above 30%. B. About 25%. C. About 20%.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Young Writers Workshop
Since 1983 the workshop has offered teens the opportunity to explore new directions in their writing. The workshop sections are small(12 teen students). Fostering the sense of belonging to a learning community, trusting one’s own language and voice·and learning to think for other-these are the qualities and skills that the workshop strives to develop.
TERP Young Scholars
The program welcomes talented teen students to an extraordinary learning opportunity at the University of Maryland. Participants benefit from its vast resources，including libraries, computer and labs. They also enjoy trips to nearby Washington, movie nights，activities at the student union，mixers, and more. It offers college courses that are at the cutting edge of theory，thought and technology. Upon successful completion，they can earn three college credits of this university.
Books Summer Program
It is a lively and warm camp for outstanding teens who love literature and ideas. In the past eleven years, it has gathered exceptional middle and high school students to read selections from the greatest works of literature, experience college-level discussions and have fun with others. You’ll also discuss the likes of Plato, Jefferson, Tolstoy, Borges and Vonnegut.
Zeal Travel
We offer our teens two-week and three-week long trips to Hawaii，Alaska, Australia, Costa Rica, and Spain. All trips include 15-25 hours of community service activities. Every trip also includes exciting outdoor pursuits like surfing, scuba diving，ice climbing, zip line tours, hiking, and more.
1. Which program will students attend to earn college credits?
A. Young Writers Workshop. B. TERP Young Scholars.
C. Books Summer Program. D. Zeal Travel.
2. What can students do in Books Summer Program?
A. Learn how to write stories. B. Make friends with famous writers.
C. Play some games with others. D. Read and discuss the greatest works.
3. Which of the following can best describe Zeal Travel?
A. Adventurous and meaningful. B. Educational and inspiring.
C. Traditional and helpful. D. Crazy and challenging.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了四个面向青少年群体的项目。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二则介绍中的“Upon successful completion, they can earn three college credits”可知，参加者在 TERP Young Scholars完成所提供的课程可以得到马里兰大学的三个学分。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三则介绍In the past eleven years, it has gathered exceptional middle and high school students to read selections from the greatest works of literature, experience college-level discussions and have fun with others.可知，参加者在 Books Summer Program可以阅读文学作品，还可以跟其他人讨论著名作家的作品。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一则介绍All trips include 15-25 hours of community service activities.Every trip also includes exciting outdoor pursuits like surfing, scuba diving，ice climbing, zip line tours, hiking, and more.可知， Zeal Travel不仅提供极具冒险性旅游，还组织青少年到社区做服务活动。这对他们来说是非常有意义的事。故选A项。
B
Eric Davis got interested in firefighting when he was in the army. And while much of his job today is related to EMS(emergency medical services)，his first love is fighting fires. "I enjoy the job and working with people. I enjoy firefighting.” he says.
Davis studied in a firefighting school for about three months and took part in classroom work，physical exercise，and hands-on training such as fighting live fires in buildings filled with straw.
Davis says the blindfold(蒙眼的)training prepared him for real fires. "By the time we get to a fire，if it’s going pretty good，the whole house will be filled with smoke. And anytime you get near the fire, you won’t be able to see at all. Zero visibility(能见性)is the same as darkness. The blindfold training works.”
Davis believes his most important duty is making sure he’s prepared for any situation he might come across. To keep physically fit，he runs several times a week and works out. He takes classes to keep up his skills and trains regularly by fighting practice fires. Sometimes this includes cutting holes in roofs, which helps allow smoke to pass out and improves visibility for firefighters inside the building.
Firefighting means plenty of risks. Besides，Davis says·"You have to be willing to help any person you come across.” If someone is trapped，Davis or another firefighter will put himself at risk to get the person out. Davis says he is not afraid when he’s fighting a fire. He does what’s needed.
4. What is David’s main duty at present?
A. Providing emergency medical care. B. Fighting fires in tall buildings.
C. Giving firefighters training. D. Saving people trapped in fires.
5. Where did David learn firefighting?
A. In the army. B. In the hospital.}
C. In the classroom. D. In a professional school.
6. Why were learners trained blindfold?
A. To experience how the blind feel. B. To protect their eyes from the smoke.
C. To recreate a real fire situation. D. To prepare for firefighting at night.
7. What can we infer about Davis?
A. He was once an army man.
B. He tries his best to be a good firefighter.
C. He helps improve the working conditions.
D. He is worried about the safety of firefighters.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。介绍了埃里克·戴维斯和他的消防工作。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“And while much of his job today is related to EMS (emergency medical services)”可知，他现在主要的工作是提供急救服务。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Davis studied in a firefighting school for about three months”可知，他是在消防学校专门学习过的。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the blindfold training prepared him for real fires”和“anytime you get near the fire, you won’t be able to see at all”可知，学员们进行蒙眼训练是为了模仿真实的火灾现场救援。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“To keep physically fit, he runs several times a week and works out. He takes classes to keep up his skills and trains regularly by fighting practice fires.”可知， Davis积极锻炼身体并不断提高自己的工作技能，这一切都是为了成为一名好的消防员。故选B项。
C
For some people, running outdoors is a great way to exercise. What may not be so great is seeing trash all over the ground. Well, some people are doing something about it. They are plogging! Plogging began in Sweden in 2016. A Swedish man named Erik Ahlstrom became concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw each day on his way to work and he began picking up the trash. That is how plogging was born!
Plogging, by that term，may have officially begun in Sweden. But many people who exercise outdoors have been doing this for years. Take Jeff Horowitz for example. He is a personal trainer in Washington，D. C. He would often pick up trash while running outside. He even turned it into a game; he would try to pick up the trash without stopping.
Today, plogging is an official activity, one that is becoming increasingly popular. Plogging can build closer social connections in a community, and it can also be fun. When Dana Allen goes plogging around D. C., she invites her friends, and they make a day of it. Although Allen enjoys plogging，she doesn’t do it all the time. When she is training for a serious marathon race，the trash has to wait.
Cities around the world now hold plogging events. The goal is to spread the idea that littering is not acceptable. Along with cleaning up the environment, there may be another reason to choose plogging. One fitness app，Lifesum，records one hour of plogging as burning 288 calories. Usual jogging burns about 235 calories.
Getting ready to plog is similar to getting ready to jog. Ploggers do some deep knee bends as well as some balancing exercises and then they put on protective gloves. There are other safety rules for plogging. The main one is to plog in areas where there are not too many people. Stopping quickly in front of someone. to pick up an empty bag of potato chips, for example, could cause a crash.
8. What do we know about Jeff Horowitz from the text?
A. He was the first person to plog. B. He has been actually plogging.
C. He is in support of eco-travelling. D. He is an expert in picking up trash.
9. What is so special about Dana Allen’s plogging?
A. She doesn’t always do it with her friends.
B. She always finds it interesting to do it.
C. She nearly does it in a park every day.
D. She doesn’t insist doing it every day.
10. What do the numbers in Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
A. Picking up trash is important. B. Plogging events are of little use.
C. Plogging is a better workout. D. The idea of plogging is strange.
11. Why should ploggers choose to plog in less crowded areas?
A. To avoid a crash. B. To save energy.
C. To pick up more trash. D. To make it unknown.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了关于垃圾环保的一个活动“拾荒慢跑”，如今， “拾荒慢跑”已成为一项越来越受欢迎的官方活动。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的内容A Swedish man named Erik Ahlstrom became concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw each day on his way to work and he began picking up the trash.以及第二段But many people who exercise outdoors have been doing this for years. Take Jeff Horowitz for example. He is a personal trainer in Washington，D. C. He would often pick up trash while running outside. He even turned it into a game; he would try to pick up the trash without stopping.可知，其实早在Erik Ahlström提出跑步捡垃圾之前，杰夫·霍洛维茨（Jeff Horowitz）已经进行了这种健身方式。故选B项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Although Allen enjoys plogging，she doesn’t do it all the time.”可知，丹娜·艾伦非常喜欢跑步捡垃圾的健身方式，但她并不是每一天都坚持做。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的Along with cleaning up the environment, there may be another reason to choose plogging. One fitness app，Lifesum，records one hour of plogging as burning 288 calories. Usual jogging burns about 235 calories.可知，跟平常的慢跑相比，跑步捡垃圾是更能消耗卡路里的锻炼方式。故选C项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的Stopping quickly in front of someone to pick up an empty bag of potato chips, for example, could cause a crash.可知，不在人口密集的地方进行这种健身方式，目的是避免撞上其他人。故选A项。
D
Anyone who has studied biology, watched a nature documentary, or, for that matter, simply enjoyed time in the outdoors, has likely been amazed by the variety of plant and animal life on our planet.
To date, about 1.5 million species have been formally described in the scientific literature, most of them insects. Proportionally, bacteria make up less than 1% of all described species.
Scientists generally agree that many more species exist than are formally described，but they disagree about how many there really are. Some studies have estimated 2 million or fewer, whereas others suggest as many as 12 million. In a new paper published in The Quarterly Review of Biology，researchers from the University of Arizona have estimated that there are roughly 2 billion living species on Earth, over a thousand times more than the current number of described species. In coming up with their estimate，the researchers took advantage of the fact that many estimates now agree on the projected number of insect species, around 6.8 million. They incorporated new estimates of species boundaries revealed by DNA sequences, which suggest there might be six times as many insect species，increasing the total to 40 million for insect species alone.
They then reviewed all groups of organisms associated with insects as parasites. They found that each insect species most likely hosts a unique species of mite(螨)，roundworm，a one-celled microsporidian(微孢子虫), and a one-celled organism called apicomplexan(顶覆虫). Most importantly, the researchers estimated that each insect species is likely to host at least 10 bacterial species found nowhere else. Based on these estimates，they conclude that there should be around 2 billion species on Earth.
12. How many bacterial species are formally described in the scientific literature?
A. About 1.5 billion. B. About 1.5 million.
C. About 150 thousand. D. About 15 thousand.
13. Which of the following do scientists generally agree on?
A. There are many more species not included in the scientific literature.
B. There are about 1.5 million insects described in the scientific literature.
C. There are about 12 million species existing but not known to the scientists.
D. There tire about 6. 8 million insect species not hosting parasites.
14. Which word can best explain "hosts" underlined in the last paragraph?
A. Attracts. B. Supports.
C. Kills. D. Invites.
15. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. A discovery of new bacterial species.
B. Different theories to estimate species.
C. A new estimate of biodiversity on Earth.
D. Different opinions on the number of species.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。科学家们普遍认为，现存的物种比正式描述的要多得多，但他们对实际存在的物种数量却存在分歧。亚利桑那大学的研究人员回顾了所有与昆虫有关的寄生虫有机体，提出地球上应该有大约20亿物种。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段To date, about 1.5 million species have been formally described in the scientific literature, most of them insects. Proportionally, bacteria make up less than 1% of all described species.可知，正式载入科学文献中的物种大约是150万，细菌占比不超过1%，1500000*1%=15000，所以大约有一万五千种细菌计入科学文献。故选D项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists generally agree that many more species exist than are formally described，but they disagree about how many there really are.可知，科学家们一致认为真正存在的物种比计入文献的物种要多。故选A项。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句They then reviewed all groups of organisms associated with insects as parasites.可知，科学家研究了和昆虫相关联的寄生虫。而本句中host的主语是昆虫，宾语是寄生虫的种类，由此可以推断host在此处作动词，意为“供养(寄生虫)”，和B项意思相近。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。本文的主体段是尾段，They then reviewed all groups of organisms associated with insects as parasites.提出了预测物种数量的依据，而本段的尾句Based on these estimates，they conclude that there should be around 2 billion species on Earth.是主体段的主题句，也是整篇文章的主题句。所以短文主要是关于对地球生物多样性的新估计。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why don’t birds on a wire get a shock? ___16___Firstly, the bird not only forms a circuit with the wire，but it also offers a high resistance to current，so the current passes through the wire instead of the bird.
It’s a bit like this, would you prefer going on a smooth road or a road full of potholes? The answer is obvious and just like you.___17___All objects offer some amount of resistance to the flow of current，depending on the material.___18___However the more important reason why current does not pass through the bird is, there is barely any, if at all. voltage difference(电压差)across the bird. Current flow is actually just the flow of minute charged particles that are invisible to the naked eye.___19___The amount of energy needed to move the charges from one point to another is measured in terms of the potential difference between the two points.
A bird perched on high-tension wires has both its feet placed firmly on the same wire, so the potential difference from one end of the bird to the other is，for all purposes, next to nil(零).
If the bird were to touch the wire and simultaneously another wire, it would receive a mild shock. On the other hand if it were to touch the wire and some other object connected to the ground, it would receive a deadly shock.___20___
A. Many of us are puzzled at it.
B. There are two reasons for that.
C. The current prefers taking the easier path.
D. This explains why birds don’t get shocked on a wire.
E. This is just one of the reasons why birds don’t get a shock.
F. The greater the potential difference, the greater is the current flow.
G. These charged particles need an energy input in order for them to get transferred.
【答案】16. B 17. C
18. E 19. G
20. F
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章解释了为什么电线上的鸟不会受到电击的原因。
【16题详解】
根据上一句Why don’t birds on a wire get a shock? 为什么在电线上的鸟不会受到电击?以及下一句Firstly, the bird not only forms a circuit with the wire，but it also offers a high resistance to current，so the current passes through the wire instead of the bird. 首先，鸟不仅形成了一个与电线的电路，而且它也形成了电流的一个高电阻，所以电流通过电线，而不是鸟。可知，此处应该选表示“原因”的选项，故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据上文It’s a bit like this, would you prefer going on a smooth road or a road full of potholes? The answer is obvious and just like you. 有点像这样，你喜欢走平坦的路还是坑坑洼洼的路?答案很明显，就像你一样。可知，这里的road与选项C项中path是同义词，故选C项。
【18题详解】
根据上一句All objects offer some amount of resistance to the flow of current，depending on the material. 根据材料的不同，所有物体对电流都有一定的阻力。以及下一句However the more important reason why current does not pass through the bird is, there is barely any, if at all. voltage difference(电压差)across the bird.这里提出了更重要的原因。可知，下文用转折词However提出了另一个更重要的原因，此处应该指是说这是其中一个鸟不被电击的原因，故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据上一句Current flow is actually just the flow of minute charged particles that are invisible to the naked eye. 电流实际上是微小带电粒子的流动，肉眼是看不见的。可知此处关于charged particles，故选G项。
【20题详解】
根据上文On the other hand if it were to touch the wire and some other object connected to the ground, it would receive a deadly shock. 如果鸟碰到电线，同时碰到另一根电线，它会受到轻微的电击。另一方面，如果它碰到电线和其他一些与地面相连的物体，就会受到致命的电击。可知此处应该选择与电位差、电流有关的选项，故选F项。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A couple days ago, my 9-year-old son and I were grocery shopping. At the check-out, a mother was trying to understand her bill. She didn't have enough ___21___ for her milk and cheese.
The grocery store manager ___22___the items from her cart and carried them away to the refrigerator section.
Although there have been ___23___I myself didn't have money to buy groceries my family needed,I ___24___whispered to my son and told him to run and get the manager back with the items. He was ___25___. He didn't understand me. I was trying to do an act of kindness , but it ___26___ .
The lady ___27___with her son and fewer groceries than she had planned. I told the checkout guy to ___28___ me for her milk and cheese and that we'd run to the parking lot and ___29___ her. He said"You do that? "and I said"Yes, I've been there before and want to___30___they have what they need. ”
He quickly called the manager back, ___31___up my items and hers, and my son and I ran to the ___32___. But the mom and her son ___33___. I have no idea where they went. They were gone in 60 seconds and with them went my___34___to gift these necessary items. We were too late. I felt ___35___ and terrible for not speaking up and telling her what I wanted to do for her, ___36___ I wouldn't miss the chance for ___37___. I kept thinking about my ___38___: because I didn't want to ___39___ her,didn't want to cause a fuss(忙乱)
So I ask myself and you dear friends, if we allow our minds to ___40___our actions towards acting for love and kindness, is it still an act of kindness?
21. A. space B. knowledge C. money D. time
22. A. removed B. stopped C. found D. demanded
23. A. arrangements B. possibilities C. chances D. times
24. A. yet B. even C. again D. also
25 A. excited B. confused C. regretful D. thoughtful
26. A. moved on B. slowed down C. took place D. went wrong
27. A. slipped B. left C. signaled D. returned
28. A. charge B. promise C. forgive D. pay
29. A. watch B. understand C. catch D. thank
30. A. pay back B. go back C. pick up D. make sure
31. A. rang B. picked C. raised D. brought
32. A. car B. gate C. grocery D. parking lot
33. A. separated B. disappeared C. mistook D. missed
34. A. contribution B. thought C. opportunity D. mood
35. A. ashamed B. lucky C. anxious D. hopeless
36. A. but B. or C. though D. thus
37. A. success B. celebration C. kindness D. expression
38. A. fault B. hesitation C. difficulty D. expectation
39. A. inform B. disturb C. embarrass D. shock
40. A. fill B. quicken C. strengthen D. slow
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. B 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. D
【解析】
本文是记叙文。主要讲述作者和儿子在超市购物结账时发现一个女士带着她的儿子在收银处因为没有带够钱最后不得不买了少许的东西离开，作者把那些那位女士退回去的东西买了出来，本来是打算送给那位女士的，可后来就找不着他们了，作者感触到爱心也需要时间和速度，不要拖延的道理。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有足够的钱买牛奶和奶酪。A. space空间；B. knowledge知识；C. money金钱；D. time时间。结合下文“我”与儿子竭力想帮助她们亦可知答案。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：杂货店经理把她购物车里的东西拿出来，放到冰箱区。A. removed移动；B. stopped停止；C. found发现；D. demanded要求。短语removefrom "从……搬到/移到 ”。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然有时我自己没有钱买家里需要的东西，但我还是小声对儿子说，让他跑去将东西拿回来。A. arrangements安排；B. possibilities可能性；C. chances机会；D. times次数。此处times表示“有时；偶尔”，故选D。
24题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但我还是小声对儿子说，让他跑去经理那将东西拿回来。A. yet然而；B. even甚至；C. again又；再；D. also也；而且。此处yet表示“然而，但是”。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很疑惑。A. excited激动的；B. confused困惑的；C. regretful遗憾的；D. thoughtful体贴的。根据下文“He didn't understand me.”可知，这里表示儿子并没有理解我的意图，选 confused。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想做一件好事，但做错了。A. moved on继续；前进；B. slowed down减速；C. took place发生；D. went wrong出毛病。根据下文情节的发展可知事情不如作者想的那样，短语go wrong “出错，发生故障”。 D项正确。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那位女士带着儿子离开了，买的东西比她计划的要少。A. slipped滑动；B. left离开；C. signaled发信号；D. returned归还。此处表示“这位女士带着她的儿子和比她计划的更少的杂货离开了”。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让收银员向我收她牛奶和奶酪的钱。A. charge索价；B. promise承诺；C. forgive原谅；D. pay支付。短语charge for 收费，索价”。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们跑到停车场去找她。A. watch看；B. understand明白；C. catch抓住；赶上；D. thank感谢。结合上下文“我”的一系列做法可知，这里指的是“我们跑到停车场去找她”。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想确保他们有他们需要的东西。A. pay back回报；B. go back回去；C. pick up捡起；获得；D. make sure确信。此处指我对收银员说:“我想确保他们有他们需要的东西。” 短语make sure“确保，证实”。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他很快给把经理叫了回来，把我和她的东西结账。A. rang响铃；B. picked捡起；C. raised上升；D. brought带来。此处短语rang up my items 意为“扫码我的货品”。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：儿子和我跑向了停车场。A. car汽车；B. gate大门；C. grocery杂货店；D. parking lot停车场。结合上文中提到的“ we'd run to the parking lot”可知 D 项正确。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是这位妈妈和儿子已经不见了。A. separated分开；B. disappeared消失；C. mistook弄错；D. missed错过。此处表示“这对母子已经离开，找不到了”。根据下句“I have no idea where they went.”亦可知答案。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在60秒内消失了，我也失去了赠送这些必需品的机会。A. contribution贡献；B. thought想法；C. opportunity机会；D. mood心情。此处opportunity “机会，时机”。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到羞愧和糟糕的是，我没有说出来。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. lucky幸运的；C. anxious焦急的；D. hopeless绝望的。根据句意故选A。
【36题详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：否则我也不会错过这样一个表达善意的机会了。A. but但是；B. or或者；否则；C. though尽管；D. thus因此。分析上下句之间的关系可知，这里表示的是“否则、要不然，”转折含义，故选B。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：否则我也不会错过这样一个表达善意的机会了。A. success成功；B. celebration庆祝；C. kindness善举；D. expression表达。根据上文可知作者是想表达自己的善意，kindness “善意，善良”。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直在想我的犹豫不决:因为我不想让她难堪，不想让她忙乱……A. fault错误；B. hesitation犹豫；C. difficulty困难；D. expectation期待。根据句意可知应用hesitation “犹豫”。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为我不想让她难堪。A. inform 通知；B. disturb打扰；C. embarrass使尴尬；D. shock震惊。根据句意故选embarrass “使难堪，使窘迫”。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我问我自己和你们亲爱的朋友们，如果我们允许我们的思想放慢我们为爱和善良而行动的脚步，这仍然是一种善良的行为吗?A. fill装满；B. quicken加速；C. strengthen加强；D. slow放缓。结合上文“我”的一系列动作可知，这是一份“迟到的 善意”。故选D。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever wondered where Lego(乐高积木)came from? Like many great inventions,the story is not just one of a great idea, _____41_____ one of a ton of hard work and perseverance（毅力）.
The story started in Denmark. Ole Christiansen was a carpenter _____42_____ was struggling with his small business. His wife died _____43_____(short) after his fourth son was born. He had to work hard to support his family alone. He started making wood toys,but they didn't sell well. He decided his toys needed a name,and he chose _____44_____ name"Lego".
Unfortunately, several years later, his workshop _____45_____ (burn) to the ground. Soon,he started to make a few plastic toys. He got the idea to create a “system" of toys that would build up kids' _____46_____ (imagine) and creativity. He decided to stop _____47_____ (make) wood toys and focus only on the connected plastic toys. Then he started to build more and more kinds of _____48_____ (model). Each one had to be of the _____49_____ (high) quality, which can be reflected in Lego's motto —“Only the best is good enough. ”
Thanks to their perseverance, kids can enjoy Lego toys, movies, amusement parks and clothing. But none of this would have existed at that time if they ______50______ (give up) when times got hard.
【答案】41. but
42. who/that
43. shortly
44. the 45. was burned(burnt)
46. imagination
47. making 48. models
49. highest
50. had given up
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了丹麦的一个木匠奥尔·克里斯琴森创造乐高玩具的经过。
【41题详解】
考查连词。句意: 像许多伟大的发明一样，这个故事不仅仅是一个伟大的想法，而是大量的努力和毅力的结晶。短语not…but…“不是……而是……”，故填but。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句连接词。句意：奥尔·克里斯琴森是个木匠，他的小生意做得很艰难。本句为定语从句修饰先行词carpenter，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故填who/that。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：他的妻子在他的第四个儿子出生后不久就去世了。短语shortly after表示“不久之后；很快”应填副词shortly。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他觉得他的玩具需要一个名字，于是他选择了“乐高”这个名字。name为可数名词，此处特指下文"Lego"这个名字，故用定冠词the。
【45题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：不幸的是，几年后，他的工作室被夷为平地。根据上文several years later可知为描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且主语workshop与谓语动词构成被动关系，故填was burned(burnt)。
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：他的想法是创造一个玩具“系统”，可以培养孩子的想象力和创造力。根据下文并列结构and creativity可知应填名词imagination。
【47题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：他决定停止制作木制玩具，只专注于连接塑料玩具。短语stop doing sth.“停止正在做的事”后跟-ing形式，故填making。
【48题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：然后他开始建立越来越多的模型。model为可数名词，且根据上文more and more kinds of可知应填名词的复数形式models。
【49题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：每一个都必须是最高质量的，这可以体现在乐高的格言“只有最好的才足够好”。根据句意以及上文the可知应填形容词最高级highest。
【50题详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：但如果他们在困难时期放弃了，这一切在当时都不会存在。在if引导的虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。故填had given up。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分〕
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My grandpa used to be a teacher who is retired now. He has been living the busy and active life, going online, writing articles for newspapers, but attending academic conferences all over the country. He also has many hobby, such as growing flowers at home, collecting stamps and coins and especial drinking tea. There are many different tea sets and almost all kinds tea in his home, most of that I can’t name.
My grandpa is so very crazy about tea that he can’t live without enjoying tea several times a day. He once told nee he would be sleepy with tea. I often help making tea and drink together with me. I love my grandpa.
【答案】
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述作者爷爷过着忙碌和积极的生活，上网，为报纸写稿，出席学术会议也有许多爱好，如种花，集邮和钱币，特别是饮茶，因此，作者时常帮着沏茶和他一起饮茶。
【详解】1.考查固定搭配。live alife过着……的生活，故将the改为a。
2.考查连词。句意：他一直过着忙碌而积极的生活，上网，为报纸写文章，参加全国各地的学术会议。前后之间是并列关系，but表示转折；也可以是选择关系，or表示选择，故将but改为and/or。
3.考查名词的单复数。hobby前有many，这里应使用其复数形式，故将hobby改为hobbies。
4.考查副词。修饰动词短语drinking tea用副词，故将especial改为especially。
5.考查固定搭配。固定搭配all kinds of各种各样的，故在kinds后加of。
6.考查定语从句的关系词。非限制性定语从句，介词+关系代词，这里指上文的tea，关系代词只能用which，故将that改为which。
7.考查固定搭配。sothat，如此……以至于……，very多余，故将very去掉。
8.考查介词。句意：每天不喝几次茶就不能生活。根据句意可知，应用without，故将with改为without。
9.考查固定搭配。help do sth.帮忙做某事，故将making改为make。
10.考查人称代词。句意：我帮忙泡茶，还和他一起喝茶，这里指的是他，故将me改为him。
【点睛】第9小题中，很容易记错help do sth.的用法，考生经常会用doing形式。help do sth.，通常也可说成help sb to do sth，其意为“帮助某人做某事”，两者常可通用一一即其中的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。如：
We helped her（to）find her thing. 我们帮她找东西。
I helped him（to）repair his bike. 我帮他修自行车。
Mother helped me（to）do my homework. 妈妈帮助我做家庭作业。
Will you help me（to）choose myself a new coat? 请你帮我选件新大衣好吗？
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52.英国某同学打算邀请中国学生开展“手拉手”活动(The Hand-in-Hand Program)，正在站招募参加者。假如你是李华，你对该活动很感兴趣，现请你给活动负责人Mr. Smith写一封申请信，包括以下要点：
1.个人意向；2.个人优势；3.个人作用。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr. Smith，
I react about your Hand-in-Hand Program on your website just now.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Smith,
I read about your Hand-in-Hand Program on your website just now. I’m writing to apply to join in it, as the idea is very appealing to me.
I’m a senior high school student with an outgoing personality and thus very willing to reach out to others and make new friends. I have a wide range of hobbies, such as reading and writing poems; I am also good at sports, among other things. Besides, I devote a fair amount of my spare time to photography.
If I’m accepted, I will act as a bridge between British and Chinese students. I’d like to invite my British friends to our school and I’ll spare no effort to be a perfect guide for them.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
这是一封申请信，应用文。
【详解】第一步：审题：
体裁：应用文，这篇作文属于提纲类作文
人称：以第一人称为主
时态：以一般现在时为主
要点：1.个人意向；2.个人优势；3.个人作用。
层次：分为三段式。第一段是写信的目的；第二段写个人优势；第三段写个人作用。
第二步：关键词（组）：
Hand-in-Hand Program；apply to；join；appealing；senior high school；outgoing；personality；be willing to；make new friends；a wide range of；such as；be good at；devote to；a fair amount of；spare time；act as；spare no effort to do sth.等
第三步：连词成句：
1. I read about your Hand-in-Hand Program on your website just now.
2. I’m writing to apply to join in it
3. I’m a senior high school student with an outgoing personality and thus very willing to reach out to others and make new friends.
4. I have a wide range of hobbies such as reading and writing poems.
5. I am also good at sports, among other things.
6. I devote a fair amount of my spare time to photography.
7. I will act as a bridge between British and Chinese students.
8. I’ll spare no effort to be a perfect guide for them.
利用关键词组，用简单句把所要表达的意思写出来，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：关联词（组）：
表并列关系：and
表因果关系：as；thus
表并列补充关系：Besides
表示条件关系：If
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。I’m writing to apply to join in it, as the idea is very appealing to me.使用了as引导的原因状语从句；If I’m accepted, I will act as a bridge between British and Chinese students.使用if引导的条件状语从句等。还使用了一些固定词组，如such as；be good at；devote to；act as；spare no effort to do sth.等。文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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