中考英语一轮复习——现在完成时讲解及练习（无答案）

现在完成时讲解与练习如果你想说“我已经看过某部电影，所以不想看了”、“某人曾经做过什么事情”等等，该如果表达呢？首先请看下面的句子：（1）I have seen the film. I don’t want to see it again.这部电影我已经看过，不想再看了。（2）Have you answered all the questions? 所有的问题你都回答了吗？（3）Have you ever looked at a travel brochure?你看过旅游宣传册吗？（4）She has never visited the USA.她从没有过去美国。观察：以上句子的谓语动词的一个共同特点是_____________________________, 用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情，这种行为对目前有某种影响。我们把这种时态称为“现在完成时”。一、             现在完成时的概念。①现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。     She has bought a car 她买了一辆车。She has arrived. 她到了。②  表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 We've known each other since we were children. （我们从小就认识。） I have been a member of the Party for 10 years. 二、构成：”助动词have, has + 过去分词”现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以work为例）：人称肯定否定疑问回答第一人称I have seen the UFO.We have travelled around the world.I haven’t seen the UFO.We haven’t travelled around the world.Have you seen the UFO? Have you travelled around the world?Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t. Yes, we have./ No, we haven’t.第二人称You have been to England.You haven’t been to England.Have you been to England?Yes, I/we have. No, I /we haven’t.第三人称He/She has been to Beijing. They have given concerts all over the world.He/ She hasn’t been to Beijing. They haven’t given concerts all over the world. Has he/ she been to Beijing? Have they given concerts all over the world?Yes, he/she has.No, he/she hasn’t. Yes, they have.No, they haven’t. 注：规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去是相同，不规则动词的过去分词见附表。练. 把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。1. I have done my homework.否定句：_______________________________________一般疑问句：___________________________________回答：_________________________________________2. The plane has arrived.否定句：_______________________________________一般疑问句：___________________________________回答：_________________________________________三、   现在完成时用法归纳1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成，对现在造成的影响和结果。(此种用法谓语动词用短暂性动词) 如： The plane has arrived.常用的时间状语和副词：already (已经) 用于肯定句中，通常放在have/ has 与过去分词之间如： I have already done my homework.yet (还，仍然，已经) 用于否定句和疑问句的句末。如： Has she finished cooking yet? 他做完饭了吗？练：I have already done my homework. (变为否定句)______________________________________________ever (曾经)，句中，多用于疑问句如： Have you ever been to Shanghai?never (从不) ，本身否定before (以前)，句尾，独立用just (刚刚)，用于肯定句中，常用在助动词和过去分词之间。如：I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。2.  现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，可能延续到将来的动作和状态。常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用。如：for + 一段时间：for two hourssince + 时间点：since 1999, since last yearsince + 一段时间+ ago =for + 一段时间 since two days ago=______________________up to now, till now, , so far(到目前为止)in the past two years, in the last few daysrecently, lately(最近)如： Miss Zhao has taught math for five years.     His mother has worked in the shop since 1990.     The Greens have lived in London since three years ago.[注]：其中在a,b,c,d 这四种结构中，谓语动词必须为延续性动词。如： I have had this book for one and a half years. (这本书我已买了一年半了！)   用since和for填空1.______two years            2.____two years ago3.___last month             4.______ 19995._______yesterday            6._______ 4 o’clock7 ________4 hours               8._____an hour ago9. ___we were children    10._____ lunch time   11.____ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last.13. I’ve known him ______ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years.4. 短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用。英语中的短暂性动词，也叫做终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词，只表示一时的动作，不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。常见的短暂性动词有：go, come, leave, find, buy, arrive, give, stop, join, marry, die, begin, start, borrow, close, open, lend等。eg. I have bought this book for three months. (×)非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法：（1）将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。 leave- be away from     close- be closed join- be in     begin/start- be on (电影开始) buy- have       go- be  there die- be dead       finish- be overborrow- keep                 join – be  inopen- be open        come back- be back   （2）时间状语的变化：把表时间的状语“for…”变为“数词+ 时间名词+ago”的短语形式。（即：将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时）如： 他离开济南三年了。He has left Ji’nan for three years. (    )He has been away from Ji’nan for three years.He left Ji’nan three years ago.例如：1) They borrowed it last week.      They __________it since _____________.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.     I ____________a pen for _____________.5. have been to/ have gone to/ have been in 三种结构的区别（1）have been to 曾经去过某地(现已离开)，可以与ever, never, once, twice等连用。（2）has gone to 去某地了，现在还未回来。此句型一般用于第三人称。（3） have been in 表示已在某地呆了多久，若该地为小地方则用at。句末常有for + 一段时间 或since + 时间点翻译： 你以前去过北京吗？___________________________ 吉姆已经去了伦敦。___________________________格林一家在中国已经两年了。_____________________6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：(1) 侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。如： Yesterday I went to the zoo. (仅说明昨天去了动物园，与现在无关) Li Lei has read the book. (说明李磊了解那本书的内容)（2）连用的时间状语不同：一般过去时常与ago, yesterday, last…, in 2000, just now等连用。而现在完成时与already, yet, still, just, so far, in the last/ past…, before, ever, never, since…, for…等时间状语连用。[注] 现在完成时不可与yesterday, last week, two days ago等过去时间状语连用。现在完成时练习【基础巩固】一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework. 9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. 10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere? 二、句型转换1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)
　　I 　　　 　　　 been to Macau before.
2. He hasn't come to school because he's ill. (就划线部分提问)
　　　　　 　　　 he come to school?
3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问)
　　　　 　 　　 　 　　 　 　　 　 learned English?
4. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写)
　　I 　　　 just 　　　 a new bike.
5. We began to learn English three years ago. (改为同义句)
　　We 　　 　 　　　 English 　　 　 three years.  【能力提升】I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1 Have you ever ____________(take) a train?2 She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.3 Have you _____(make)friends with your new classmates yet?4 I _______(have) my lunch and I'm not hungry now.5 Jim has never seen a panda, _____he?6 We ___________(be) good friends since we met at school.7 We can't find him anywhere. Perhaps(也许) he___________(go) home.8 He ____________(read) the book before.9 Mr. Green ___________(teach) us a lot about social studies since September.10 I _______never_________ (meet) her sister before.II. 用for 或since填空。1. Jill has been inBeijing 　　　 Monday.
2. Jill has been in Beijing 　　　 three days.
3. My aunt has lived in Australia 　　　 15 days.
4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there 　　　 7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country 　　　 1974.
6. The bus is late. We've been waiting 　　　 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty 　　　 many years.III. 用括号中动词的适当形式填空： 1．         he         （wait）for an hour yet？ 2．I         （not finish）the work yet． 3．you         （know）him since then？ 4．I         （hear）from my father recently． 5．We         （be）there many times during the past three years． 6．How long you         （stay）at home？ 7．She         （not read）the book before． 8．I just         （do）it． 9．My sister         （walk）to school every day last year． 10．Her mother         （go）to Shanghai．She          （leave）this morning． IV.选择填空（   ）1、Where is Miss Gao?   She _________ to Shanghai .Ａ.  came     Ｂ. has been    Ｃ.has gone   Ｄ. Comes（   ）2.John _____to the space museum three _______.        A.have been, time   B. have been, times   C. has been , time   D. has been, times（   ）3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ Ａ. Just    Ｂ. ago     Ｃ.before    Ｄ. a moment ago（   ）4、Her grandfather ______ for two years.
A. died　     B. has died　    C. has been dead　  D. has been died（   ）5、It's six weeks ______ I met you last time.   A. when　   B. since　 C. before　 D. for（   ）6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
　      Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study    Ｃ. has ; studied   Ｄ. are ; studying（   ）7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . Ａ. know        Ｂ. had known     Ｃ. have known    Ｄ. knew
（   ）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film . I_______ it twice . Ａ. will see     Ｂ. have seen      Ｃ. saw             Ｄ.see
（   ）9、--These farmers have been to the United States . --Really ? When ____ there ?
　   Ａ. will they go     Ｂ. did they go    Ｃ. do they go    Ｄ. have they gone （   ）10、--____ you ever ____ to the US?       -- Yes, twice.A. Have, gone     B. Have, been   C, Do, go       D. were, goingV句型转换1、They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)    They ______ _________ bought a computer.2.  He has lost his book. (改成一般疑问句,作肯定与否定回答)
    _________he __________his book?  Yes, he________. No, he ____________.3. Miss Gao has been for two years (对划线部分提问)   _______ _______ _______Miss Gao been a teacher?4. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)    _______ _________　_________they been here?5. His father has been to America twice. (对划线部分提问)   _______  ________ _________has his father been to America? 6. The old man died last year.  (同义句转换)       The old man _______ ______ ________ for a year.7. Lucy moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)  _______ two years _______ Lucy moved to France.8．The teachers bought the Englsih books two days ago. (改为现在完成时)   The teachers _________ ________the English books _______ two days.