中考英语语法一轮复习——介词讲解 教案
展开介词
介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。
1. 常用介词的用法辨析
（1）表时间的介词
1）at, in on
表示时间点用at。例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。
表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。
例如：in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in May, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。
表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。
例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。
1._______ the morning 2._______ Monday morning
3. ______ a rainy evening 4. _______3:50
5._______ 2015 6._______ the morning of April 10
7._______ spring 8.______ night
9.______ this time 10. ______ March
注意：在时间词（morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday…）前有last, next , this , that时，不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。
2） since, after
由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：
I haven’t heard from him since last summer.
After five days the boy came back.
3） in, after
in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。after与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：
He will be back in two months.
He will arrive after four o’clock.
He returned after a month.
1) I’ll leave _______ three o’clock. That is, I’ll leave ________ about ten minutes.
2)They left _______ two weeks.
（2）表示地点的介词
1）at, in, on
at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
They arrived at a small village before dark.
There is a big hole in the wall.
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.
1)He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday.
2)They arrived ___a small village before dark.
3)There is a big hole ____ the wall.
4)The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall.
2） over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。
over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。
above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。
on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：
There is a bridge over the river.
We flew above the clouds.
They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.
1) The moon rose ______ the hill.
2) There is a bridge _____ the river.
3) There is a book ______ the desk.
3） across, through
across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行,表面上跨过。throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行,内部穿过,贯穿。例如：
The dog ran across the grass.
The boy swam across the river.
They walked through the forest.
I pushed through the crowds.
1)Can you swim _____ the river?
2)The road runs __________ the forest.
3) _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.
4) in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；
in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：
There are some tall trees in front of the building.
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.
1)There is a big tree _______ of the classroom.
2)A driver drives _________ of the bus.
2. 介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。
（1）介词与动词的搭配
listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。
（2）介词与名词的搭配
on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。
（3）介词与形容词的搭配
be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。
【实例解析】
1.---When will Mr Black come to Beijing?
---___________ September 5.
A. On B. To C. At D. In
答案：A。表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词on。
2.The boys felt sad as they lost ________ the girls in the talk show.
A. by B. in C. to D. on
答案：C。该题考查的是介词和动词的固定搭配。lose表示输给谁的时候用介词to。应选C。
3.They will have a maths test ＿＿＿ two days
A for B at C in D after
答案:D
4.My brother joined the army ＿＿＿
A 1989， March B in March， 1989 C March， 1989 D 1989， in March
答案:B
5.Edison was very interested ＿＿＿ science when he was a boy.
A. to B. on C. in D. about
答案:C
介词练习题
1 - Thank you ＿＿＿ the beautiful flowers!
- Not at all.
A in B on C at D for
［答案］ D.
［析］ 由于某事向某人道谢应用for。
2 Can you answer this question ＿＿＿ English?
A by B in C with D from
［答案］ B.
［析］ in 表示用语言、声音、或材料，如：He answered the question in a low voice.
3 Look ＿＿＿ the map ＿＿＿ China ＿＿＿ the wall, please.
A after, of, in B at, of, in
C after, in, on D at, of, on
［答案］ D.
［析］ look at 为"看"，而on the wall为"在墙表面挂着"，而in the wall 则是"在墙内"，如：There is hole in the wall.墙上有个洞。
4 - When did Mr Green arrive in London?
- He arrived there ＿＿＿ the evening of December 6th.
A at B in C on D to
［答案］ C.
［析］ in the evening / afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如：on a cold morning, on a spring morning等。
5 We won the relay race. And there was a big smile ＿＿＿ our teacher's face.
A off B near C on D between
［答案］ C.
6 The twins got on well ＿＿＿ their classmates.
A to B in C with D about
［答案］ C.
［析］ get on well with与人相处很好。
7 - Please remember to come to my birthday party.
- I see. I'll come ＿＿＿ Saturday evening.
A in B at C on D for
［答案］ C.
8 Let's hurry， or we'll be late ＿＿＿ school
A to B at C with D for
［答案］ D.
［析］ be late for， 而 come late to， 如： Don't come late to school
9 They will have a maths test ＿＿＿ two days
A for B at C in D after
［答案］ C.
［析］ 三天之内应用in，而不要受中文影响用after， after three days 是个不定的时间范围，即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6天、10天全是after three days。
12 Granny took one look at us ＿＿＿ her glasses
A by B through C on D in
［答案］ B.
［析］ through 为穿过……。
14 I learn French ＿＿＿ the radio every day
A on B in C from D at
［答案］ A.
［析］ 从收音机中听到某事应用词组 on the radio。
15 It's good manners to wait ＿＿＿ line
A in B on C at D with
［答案］ A.
［析］ in line 为排队。
19 I was born ＿＿＿ the night ＿＿＿ September 15， 1978
A in， on B at， on C at， in D on， of
［答案］ D.
［析］ 在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。
20 It's a bad manner to laugh ＿＿＿ people when they are ＿＿＿ trouble
A over， in B at， in C in， at D at， for
［答案］ B.
［析］ laugh at 嘲笑某人， laugh over 笑着谈论某人或某事， in trouble 陷入困境。
21 I can't do this work well ＿＿＿ Tom's help
A under B for C without D from
［答案］ C.
22 Don't shout ＿＿＿ the old woman。 You should be more polite ＿＿＿ her
A to， at B at， to C in， for D from， for
［答案］ B.
［析］ shout at 为"冲某人喊叫"，而 be polite to somebody 为"对某人和气。"
23 We must be strict ＿＿＿ our selves ＿＿＿ everything
A with， in B in， with C with， to D to， of
［答案］ A.
［析］ be strict with 对某人严格要求。
24 He went to the football match ＿＿＿ lunch last Sunday
A to B without C behind D between
［答案］ B.
［析］ without lunch 未吃午饭。
25 The people's Republic of China was founded ＿＿＿ 1949
A with B on C since D in
［答案］ D.
［析］ 在年代前用in。因句子是过去时而不是完成时，所以不能用since。
26 Mr Black got to Hangzhou ＿＿＿ a few days
A in B after C on D at
［答案］ B.
［析］ 这句话应译为：几天之后 Mr Black 到达了杭州。而不是在几天之内一定要做完某事，所以选B。
27 - Has the teacher given you any advice ＿＿＿ your English study?
- Yes， he has
A from B with C on D in
［答案］ C.
［析］ 给予某一方面问题的忠告其介词用on。
28 You may depend ＿＿＿ him He is ＿＿＿ honest man
A on， a B in， an C on， an D at， the
［答案］ C.
［析］ depend on 为"依靠某人或某事"，而 honest 的首字母 h 不发音。
29 ＿＿＿ my joy， I can answer this question
A With B To C By D For
［答案］ B.
［析］ To one's joy 意为"使我高兴的是。"
30 The teacher asked the students to look ＿＿＿ the word in the dictionary
A for B at C up D after
［答案］ C.
［析］ look for 寻找， look at 看， look after 照顾， look up 查字典。
31 A little monkey is playing ＿＿＿ a tree and there are a lot of bananas ＿＿＿ it
A on， on B in， on C on， in D in， in
［答案］ B.
［析］ 树上长出的果实为 on the tree 而其他外来之物要用 in the tree， 表达在树上。
32 I go to school ＿＿＿ bus every morning.
A. in B. by C. on D. at
［答案］ B.
［析］ by后直接加交通工具，表示乘某种交通工具去某地。
33 No one likes a person ＿＿＿ bad manners.
A. without B. on C. out of D. with
［答案］ D.
［析］ with bad manners 有不良习惯的人。
34 The policeman was surprised ＿＿＿ the news.
A. into B. for C. at D. out of
［答案］ C.
［析］ be surprised at 对某事吃惊。
35 He had to sell newspapers ＿＿＿ seven.
A. at an age of B. at the ages of C. at the age of D. at age of
［答案］ C.
［析］ at the age of 在几岁时。
36 The little girl couldn't help ＿＿＿ when she saw a large dog.
A. cried B. to cry C. crying D. cries
［答案］ C.
［析］ couldn't help＋动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事，或禁不住做某事。
37 Jack was born ＿＿＿ March 1st, 1978.
A. on B. in C. at D. of
［答案］ A.
［析］ 日期，时间前的介词按其表达语中的最小单位计算。
38 Edison was very interested ＿＿＿ science when he was a boy.
A. to B. on C. in D. about
［答案］ C.
［析］ be interested in something 对某事感兴趣。
39 The teacher was very satisfied ＿＿＿ her answer.
A. in B. on C. for D. with
［答案］ D.
40 The story happened ＿＿＿ Beijing.
A. in B. with C. for D. on
［答案］ A.
