高考英语一轮复习——虚拟语气讲解及练习（附答案）
展开高考英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如： If time permits, we'll go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。
如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。
虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
I. 含有条件状语从句的复合句
一、与现在事实相反
连接词 | 条件从句 | 结果从句 |
If | 1.动词过去式(或were) 2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形 | Should Would +动词原形 could might |
If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.
If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.
二.与将来事实相反
连接词 | 条件从句 | 结果从句 |
If | 1. should+动词原形 2. 动词过去式 3、were to+动词原形 | Should Would +动词原形 could might |
If you should lose, what would you do?
If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.
If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.
三、与过去事实相反
连接词 | 条件从句 | 结果从句 |
If | had+过去分词 | Should Would + have+过去分词 could might |
If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.
注意事项：
1．倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had，should，were时，可以省去If，把功能词提前，构成倒装句。
2．错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
If I were you, I would have gone home.
3．If there weren't/had not been +…=without…
4．If it were not for…/ If it hadn't been for…= but for…
5．otherwise+虚拟语气的句子
II. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
sb. did …(希望现在用过去式)
1. wish+that sb. had done…（希望过去用过去完成式）
sb. would/should do（希望将来用过去将来）
2. would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气。
虚拟现在 were, did (动词一般过去式)
虚拟过去 had done
虚拟将来 did (动词一般过去式)
例：I would rather I hadn’t said such unkind things to you. （虚拟过去）
I'd rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning. （虚拟将来）
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. (虚拟现在)
3. suggest+（that）S+should+do…
表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句，谓语用should ＋动词原形，should常常省略。
这类词有：decide，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，suggest，recommend，requested， require等。
注意：
1. suggest 当“建议”讲时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气；当“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气
2. insist 当坚持“看法或建议”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气；当坚持“某个事实”时，用陈述语气。
判断改错：（错） Your pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.
（对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
（错） I insisted that you（should）be wrong.
（对） I insisted that you were wrong.
III. 虚拟语气用在主语从句It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。
It is后可用的词有三类：
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
IV．虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) ＋动词原形。
这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal（提议），order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation（推荐），plan，resolution（决议）， idea等。
eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )be put off．
V． 虚拟语气用在表语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) ＋动词原形。
这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。
eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)present the prizes.
VI． 虚拟语气用在定语从句中
It is（about ／high）time ＋that sb.did sth/should do sth..
eg. Don't you think it's about time we went home？
注：在this is the first time ／second time that．．．句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？
VII. 虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中
1．在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。
2．由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
3．虚拟语气用在lest（唯恐、免得），for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中。 在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should ＋动词原形构成，should也可省略。
eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again．
VIII．虚拟语气用情感语言中
1．虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中，使用虚拟语气。
eg.You shouldn't have been following him so closely；you should have kept your distance．
2．If only sb./sth. +时态后退型的谓语
eg. If only I had known the result of the examination.
虚拟语气练习
(1). If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.
A. be B. was C. were D. am
(2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they speak with French accents.
A. don't B. will not C. mustn't D. wouldn't
(3) today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday?
A. Were we leaving B. If we leave
C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave
(4). If Jone tomorrow, what would you do?
A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not come D. had not come
(5). “She didn't ask me, so I didn't help her?”
“You mean to say , you would've helped her ?”
A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask you
C.had she asked you D. were she to ask you
(6). They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them .
A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die
(7). If they had known him, to him?
A. would they have talked B. would they talk
C.had they talked D. they would talk
(8). If I lived in the city, I traveal in croweded buses, but I to see lots of films.
A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am able
C. would have to/were able D. would have to/would be able
(9). I would have gone to the concert, if I time.
A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had
(10). I know it, I would have told you.
A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having
(11). your help, I would not have succeeded.
A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But for
(12). “What did Mr Smith say about his career?”
“Only that if he a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.”
A. did not become B. had not become
C. does not become D. has not become
(13). “Why didn't you help him?”
“I would have I didn't have the money.”
A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or
(14). “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.”
“I suggest Wang Hong .”
A. goes B. would go C. go D. went
(15). The housemaster was strict. He requested that we television on week nights.
A. not watch B. must not to watch
C. not be watching D. have not watch
(16). I can't speak Japanese, but I do wish I . A. can B. could C. had D. speak
(17). “Are you enjoying your stay here?’
“Yes, very much. I wish I have to leave so soon.”
A. won't B. don't C. mustn't D. didn't
(18). “What will you do during the summer holidays?”
“I don't know, but it's about time on something.”
A. I'm deciding B. I'll decide C. I decided D. I'd decided
(19). I'd rather you anything about it for the time being.
A. say B. didn't say C. don't say D. not say
(20). “Why do you have to be there at six?” “The teacher demands that everyone in his seat at six.”
A. would be B. can be C. be D. will be
(21). He makes a note of the assignment lest he it.
A. forgets B. forget C. will forget D. will not forget
(22). “how does the librarian act?”
“He acts as if he a walking dictionary.”
A. were B. be C. is D. has been
(23). There is a law that drunken drivers severely punished.
A. were B. are C. be D. will be
(24). I wish you interrupt when I'm talking on the phone.
A. will not B. would not C. do not D. did not
(25). Henry talks to his dog as if it him.
A. understands B. understood C. understand D. would understand
(26). Jeff looked as if he a ghost.
A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see
(27). Give her my best regards, .
A. should you see her today B. if you saw her today
C. if you would see her today D. should you have seen her today
(28). There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting postponed for a week.
A. had been B. would be C. was D. should be
(29). It is highly desirable that every effort to reduce pollution in Bei jing.
A. was made B. be made C. will be made D. would be made
(30). The manager would rather that his wife work in the same office as he dose.
A. does not B. did not C. would not D. will not
(31). The teacher insisted that we all back by two o'clock.
A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be
(32). I didn't go to the football match, but I do wish I there.
A. went B. was C. were D.had been
(33). It is high time we drug trafficking.(贩毒)
A. did away with B. do away with
C. did away D. should do away with
参考答案
（1）C (2) D (3) D (4) A (5) C (6) A (7) A (8) D (9) A (10) C
(11) D (12) B (13) B (14) C (15) A (16) B (17) D (18) C (19) B
(20) C (21) B (22) A (23) C (24) B (25) B (26) C (27) A (28) D
(29) B (30) B (31) A (32) D (33) A
