高考英语语一轮复习讲义——定语从句（无答案）

定语从句一、基本概念（一） 定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（二） 先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。 二、关系代词的用法（一）基本用法根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。如下表：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语，宾语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略 例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week?  （作主语）② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published.  （作主语）③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last.   （作宾语）④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you.    （作宾语）⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay.    （作定语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例③④） （二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只用 that。⑴      先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如：① This is the best that has been used against pollution.② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.⑵ 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如：① This is the last place (that) I want to visit.② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.⑶ 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。例如：① You should hand in all that you have.② We haven’t got much that we can offer you.⑷ 先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。例如：① The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.② The little money (that) he had was stolen. （三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况⑴ 先行词是one, ones, anyone时。例如：① One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.② Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it.⑵先行词是those时。例如：① Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. （四）其它情况⑴ 先行词既有人又有物时。例如：① Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?② The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.⑵ 主句已有疑问词who 或which时。例如：① Which is the bike that you lost?② Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? （五）与whose有关的问题⑴ whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。例如：① I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.② Please show me the book whose cover is red.⑵ 当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。例如：① The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.→ The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或→ The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. 三、介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。例如：Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now?   （which作介词with的宾语）→Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? 但是，要注意的是：⑴ 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。⑵ 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。⑶ 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of等。例如：①      错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to?正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to?②      错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care.正确：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of. 四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。例如：①      Who is the guy that is reading over there?②      The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000.③      All that needs to be done has been done.④      He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study.⑤      Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.例③中的all意为“一切”，作单数。例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。 that与which, who, whom的用法区别：情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1．  先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2．  先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时3．  先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4．  先行词既指人又指物时5．  先行词被the only, the very修饰时6．  句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1. He told me everything that he knows.2. All the books that you offered have been given out.3. This is the best film that I have ever read.4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5. He is the only man that I want to see.6. Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情况1．  在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2．  在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3．  先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.  
高一定语从句专项练习(1)1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which      B. where      C. what    D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke          B. to who spoke   C. I spoke to              D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed            B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at        D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which        B. that      C. when     D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which       B. on which     C. in which    D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where     B. to which     C. which     D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place in the factory ____we are working since then.
A. where      B. that       C. which      D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year    B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year     D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked        B. which you talked
C. about that you talked         D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A.with which   B.in which   C.on which  D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom       B. who       C. which      D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A.to whom   B.on whom    C.with which   D. with whom 13.Is there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who       B. who's       C. which      D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that      B.all what     C. that    D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which       B. who       C. what      D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who       B. whom       C. that       D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that       B. as        C. whom       D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with        B. with whom I went  C. with who I went     D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels         B. the such novels  C. such novels        D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _______they remembered in the school.
A. which       B. that       C. whom        D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which       B. that       C. whom        D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them        B. which      C. whom        D. who 23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/       B./; whom     C. whom;/      D./; who 24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title         B. its title    C. the title of it       D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A.for which     B.for that   C.in which    D what 26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that        B. which       C. as        D. it 27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A.when; which          B.which; when  C.what; that            D.on which; when 28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which       B. whose      C. what     D./ 29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which    B. with which    C. that   D. for which 30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A.after which I have looked    B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after      D. I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that          B. that; why      C. for that; hat        D. for which; what 32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that      B.which      C.for which      D.who 33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./      B.which      C.for which      D.with which 34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which        B. either of which  C. both of that        D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A.as was    B. which was     C.as were   D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who        B. which       C. that        D. it 37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that    B. which    C. from that   D. from which 38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that       B. which     C. who       D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. /        B. why        C. when       D. whose 40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that      B. which      C. it     D. though 41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A.what; that   B. what; what  C. which; which  D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A.when; who  B.that; which  C. which; that  D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A.owns; are    B. owns; is    C. own; is    D. own; are 44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A.followed   B.following   C.to follow  D.that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that      B. /      C. which      D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what           B. through which; what  C.through that; what       D. what; that47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school               B. this the school   C. this school one           D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. as       B. that       C. what      D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them             B. neither of them    C. neither of which         D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being   B. has been   C. had been   D. have been