Unit 2 Working the land 单词讲解和练习及答案

BOOK 4 Unit 2 Working the land 词汇练习 重点单词讲解1.struggle vt. & vi.斗争；拼搏；努力 struggle with与……斗争；和……一起战斗           struggle...for 为争取……而斗争 struggle...against与……斗争；为反对……而斗争      struggle+不定式，如： A bird was caught in the net and was struggling to get free. 一只鸟被网罩住了，挣扎着想要逃脱。struggle to one’ s feet  挣扎着站起来            a life-and-death struggle生死搏斗 struggle还可以作名词，意思是“斗争；搏斗；努力；挣扎；难事”等。如： With a struggle，he controlled his feelings.    他费力地控制住了自己的感情。2.expand   vt. & vi.使变大；伸展；阐述 expand指向四面八方的扩大扩张 extend 强调向某一方向的延长 spread 指消息，疾病，瘟疫等的传播、蔓延，也指把某物铺开，把胳膊张开【练习】用expand，extend，spread，stretch的适当形式填空。 1). The man _______ the information around. 2). The empire _______ its country in the 16th century. 3). The road builders worked hard to _______ the high way. Keys: 1). spread    2). expanded    3). extend    3.circulate vt. & vi. 循环；流传 【例句】 Blood circulates through the body.血液在体内循环。 【考点】 1）形容词：circular圆形的；循环的； 名词：circulation循环；流通；发行量； 2）circulation 作“（报纸、杂志等的）发行量”解时，是可数名词。4.thanks tothanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 1). Thanks to your help, much trouble was saved. 多亏你的帮助, 减少了许多麻烦。 2). Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 多亏这个倒霉天气, 比赛取消了。 thanks to 相当于because of /owing to /due to /thanks to /on account of /as a result of 5.ridrid sb./sth. of... 使某人/某物摆脱……  1). Many people are working hard to rid the world of famine. 很多人在努力使世界不再有饥荒。2). The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth. 牙科医生把他的坏牙拔掉，使他免除痛苦。[重点用法] rid 短语： be rid of 摆脱                                  get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉 rid a house of mice 清除室内老鼠                  rid oneself of debt 还清债务 [类似用法动词] inform/ warn/ cure sb. of… 通知/警告/治愈某人…… 6.be satisfied withbe satisfied with = be content with 对……表示满足或满意 1). I was not satisfied with the result. 我对那个结果感到不满意。 2). You’ve done well at school. I’m very satisfied with you. 你在学校干得不错，我对你很满意。 [重点用法] sth. satisfy sb. 某事使某人满意                  sb. is satisfied sth. 对……表示满足或满意 be satisfied to do 对做……感到满意           be satisfied that clause 对做……感到满意 a satisfied smile 满意的微笑                          a satisfied customer 感到满意的顾客 feel a sense of satisfaction感到满足感       to sb’ s / sth’ s satisfaction 使某人满意的是 far from satisfactory 远远不能令人满足       it is satisfying (to do sth) 做某事是令人满意的 a satisfactory explanation / performance令人满意的解释/演出 get/obtain satisfaction from one’ s work 从自己的工作中得到满足7.would rather1). I’ d rather walk than take a bus. 我愿意走路而不愿意坐公共汽车。 2). “Some more wine?” “Thank you, I’ d rather not. I have to drive home.”[重点用法] would rather do A (than do B) = would (prefer to) do A (rather than do B) 宁愿做甲事(而不做乙事)                would rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事 (从句用虚拟语气)8.therefore  adv.因此, 所以=for that reason=consequently常用于连接两个并列分句，其前加“and”或分号“；”。1）    He was ill, and therefore could not come. 他病了, 所以未能来。 2）    He has broken his leg and therefore he can't walk.他摔坏了腿，因此不能走路了。 3）    We do not have enough money. Therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car.我们的钱不够,因此买不成这辆新车。9.equip vt. & vi.配备；装备【考点聚焦】1）名词：equipment n.[u] 装备；设备常用搭配： office equipment 办公设备　     sports equipment 运动器械 2）与equip相关的词组：    equip with 配备……　3）equip的过去式和过去分词都是equipped；现在分词是equipping。10.export vt. & vi.输出；出口【例句】 China exports to many foreign countries. 中国向许多国家出口物资。 【考点聚焦】 1）反义词:import export n. 作“输出；出口”解时，是不可数名词；作“出口物；出口量”解时，是可数名词。11.occupation / job / work / employment / career / professionoccupation指一个人经常担任的工作，不论是否领取工资。 job非正式用语，指一份固定的赚钱工作，不论是否需要技术和特殊训练。 work多用来指工作本身，平常我们每做一件事无论大小，都可以称为work。 employment 指受雇于他人，领取工资谋生计，并且比较固定的工作。 career 指职业、事业；指某种经过特殊训练而又为之献身的终身事业，带有崇高色彩。 profession 指那些必须受到特殊教育及训练才可胜任，带有专业性质的工作，多为创造性的脑力劳动。12.confuse vt. 使迷惑；使为难 【例句】 Her expression confused me.她的表情使我困惑。 【考点聚焦】 1）名词：confusion n. 混乱；紊乱；混乱状态 2）常用搭配：confuse with/and 混淆；把……混同；辨别不清，如： I’m always confusing John with/and Paul.我一直分不清约翰和保罗。 3）confused 和confusing的区别： 两者都是形容词。confused指“困惑的；迷惑不解的；被弄糊涂的”，表示人的内心感受；confusing“使人困惑的；令人迷惑的；使人混乱的”，表示事物的状态。13.regretregret (regretted) vt. (对……)遗憾；惋惜 n.[c,u] 遗憾；惋惜 [典例] 1). If you go now, you’ ll regret it. 假若你现在就走, 一定得後悔。 2). I regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉, 那个工作已经有人做了。 [重点用法] regret to say/tell/announce/inform 遗憾地说/告诉/宣布/通知   regret doing / having done sth. 后悔已做了某事             regret that 遗憾/后悔… to one’s regret 令某人后悔的是[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。 1). I now regret _______ (leave) school so young. 2). _______ _______ _______ _______(非常抱歉), I am unable to accept your invitation. 3). I regret _______ (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed. Keys: 1). leaving / having done   2). Much to my regret/To my great regret   3). to inform 14.build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；开发 1). You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质。 2). He is now trying to build up a fine reputation. 他正在努力逐步赢得好的声誉。15.lead to* 用名词作宾语：lead to sth. 导致某种事情，如：       lead to further discussion 导出进一步讨论；        lead to disaster.导致灾难；    * 用动名词作宾语 lead to doing sth. 导致做了某事，如：       lead to discussing it again. 导致再次讨论它       也可以用被动表示：lead to it's/it being discussed again.导致他被讨论。    * 用不定式的复合结构作宾语：lead sb. to do sth. 引导某人做某事，其中 sb. 是宾语，to do sth. 是补足语，如：The experiment led them to to have to believe in its correctness. 实验使得他们不得不相信它的正确性。All roads lead to Rome.   条条大道通罗马。 Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.  过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。 16.focus  vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦  n. [c,u] 焦点；中心点     1). Focus your camera. 把照相机的焦距调准。 2). Her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 她长得漂亮, 很惹人注目。 [重点用法] focus on集中于         focus (one’ s attention/mind/efforts) on集中(注意力/心思/精力)于  17.reduce  vt. 减少；缩减；简化 【考点聚焦】 1）反义词：increase；名词：reduction减少（量）；削减（数）；降低（数） 2）reduce to 使……变为（更小尺寸或更简单形式）；使成为某种状态； reduce by （以……的比例、程度）减少。18.keep free from/ofkeep...free from/of = protect sb./sth. from... 使……免受(影响/伤害)；使……不含(有害物)       [典例] 1). We should keep ourselves free from drugs. 我们应该远离毒品。 2). I hope you will keep yourself free from tobacco and alcohol. 我希望你不抽烟不喝酒。 19.commentcomment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n. [c, u] 评论；议论   1). The scandal caused a lot of comment. 这件丑闻遭到很多议论。 2). “Will you resign, Minister?” “No comment!”“部长，你是要辞职吗?”“无可奉告。” [重点用法] comment on/about sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论 make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论/不进行评论    同步练习一．请根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式1. Our country has become self-sufficient in ______ (粮食).2. The road signs _________(使糊涂) the driver.3. The only way to do that is to ______ (减少) expenses.4. The school _________(提供) books for children.5. We took the opportunity to _______(交流) experience with them.6.He has a             (晒黑的) face and bright eyes.7. The ________ (斗争) for independence was long and hard.8. The factory must increase its ________(产量).9. They ________(用掉) all their strength in trying to climb out.10. Our army is well _______ (装备).二． 句型转换根据A句句义，用适当的句型或短语完成B 句,使其句义相同或相近。11. A: Compared with maths I like English better.B: I _______ English ______ maths.12. A: Even if he dies he won’t give in.B: He ________ ______ die ______ give in.13. A: We should save the sick free from pain.B: We should ______ the sick _____ pain.14.   A: He doesn’t like to live a comfortable life.B: He doesn’t ______ _____ living a comfortable life.15. A: Dr Yuan has spent all his time on his research.B: Dr Yuan has ______ all his time ______ his research.三．完成句子16. Sheep _____ ______(以… 为食)grass.17. Since he came to this class, he hasn’t played ______ _______ (不再) as he did before.18. _______ ________ (由于) his hard work, he achieved great success.19. The policeman ______ (搜查) the thief ______ the lost money.20. Please _______ _______ (参阅) your dictionaries if you meet new words.四、单项填空  21. — _______ David and Vicky _____ married? — For about three years.A. How long were; have beenB. How long have; have beenC. How long have; beenD. How long did; get22. Luckily for us, when we got there the weather _______ to be fine.A. turned up      B. turned outC. turned over    D. turned into23. Having heard my answer, the master nodded _______ satisfaction, “I’m quite satisfied _____you.”A. with; with  B. on; byC. in; to      D. in; of24. —The matter must be looked into.— We are supposed to have a little ________ .A. rain    B. weatherC. patient  D. look25. In the traffic accident five were killed and twenty __________.A. losing     B. missedC. damaged   D. injured26. We are _______ happy to hear of the success of their team.A. enough     B. more thanC. many more  D. much many27. We won't give up ________ we should fail ten times.A. even if   B. sinceC. whether  D. until28. —Well, you'd better not buy that shirt. Brown and black don't go together.— ________ I wear it with my other shirt?A. How do you likeB. WhoC. What ifD. Which29. A middle-aged woman came ________ to the bus stop only ________ the bus had gone.A. run; to findB. running; to findC. and ran; foundD. running; finding30.___________ your help, I got the first in the final-term English examination.A. Thanks to   B. WithoutC. If not      D. But for31. You should try to get a good night’s sleep ______ much work you have to do.      A. however      B. no matterC. although       D. whatever32. Now that you have a job, you must exert (努力) yourself in ______ you do at work.  A. however        B. no matter whatC. no matter how   D. whatever33. She is good ______ playing the piano and good ______ her students, which is good _______ the students.  A. at; for; to    B. to; to; forC. at; to; for    D. to; at; for34. She watches TV _______ evening and changes channels(频道) ____ few minutes.   A. in; every      B. every; everyC. every; each     D. every; in35. _____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.  A. Which   B. WhenC. What    D. As                     参考答案一．单词拼写1. grain  2. confused  3. increase  4.  supplies   5. exchange6. sunburnt  7. struggle  8. output  9. expanded  10. equipped二．句型转换11. prefer; to  12. would rather; than  13. rid; of  14. care about  15. devoted; to三．完成句子16. feed on  17. any longer  18. Thanks to 19. searched; for  20. refer to四、单项填空21—25 CBACD  26—30 BACBA  31—35 ADCBD