高中英语语法——情态动词导学案
展开English Leaning Paper of Grade Two | |
Module1 Grammar | Period four : the modal auxiliary |
Date of Lesson Preparation:. | Date of Teaching: |
Knowledge and skills | To master the grammar and get more information |
Process and Methods | Question-and-answer activity and task-based method can help the Ss to go through with the grammar |
Emotion and Values | To master the usage of the modal auxilidary |
Important and Difficult Points | How to use the modal auxiliary |
Knowledge Links | To review and remember the modal auxiliary learned before |
Learning Guidance | Do some related exercises and cooperate with partners. |
Learning procedure: To study main points and master the usage
Ⅰ.can, could，be able to 译为“能、可能”
1) 表示能力
Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldn’t use the computer last year.
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
总结：表示现在的能力用 ，表示过去的能力用 .当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用 ，不能用can。表示“将来能”用 。
2) 表示请求和允许。
-----Can I go now?
----- Yes, you can.（ No, you can’t. ）
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
总结：could 不是can的过去式，只是语气 ，在答语中用 代替。
3) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于 和 句中。
Can that be Mike? I thought he was in Greece. This can’t be done by him.
How can this be true? I thought the story could not be true.
注意：can偶尔用语肯定句中译为“有时候会…”，表示大部分时间不是这样，只是偶尔发生的事情。
It can be very cold in this part.
4) could have done用在 句中可以表示本来能做某事但没做，can/could have done用在 和 句子中表示对过去情况的推测。
I saw Mr.Zhang just now. He couldn’t have gone to Beijing.
You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. You can’t have left so soon.
5) 常用句式总结
① can +否定词+too/enough表示
You can’t be too careful.你越小心越好
You can’t remember enough English words.你记越多的英语单词越好。
② can’t but do sth表示
I can’t but admire your bravery.我不得不佩服你的勇气 I could not but choose to go.
Ⅱ.may, might译为“也许”
1) 表示请求和允许。
----Might/ May I smoke in this room? ---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room? ---- Yes, you may. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
总结：might比 may语气 ，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用 或 ，表示“不可以，禁止”。注意：用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。
2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 祝你成功 祝你快乐！
3) 表示推测、可能性。
He may /might be very busy now. Your mother may /might not know the truth.
总结：表示推测用于 和 句中，疑问句用 代替。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may 。
4）may/ might have done可能做了某事(猜测) He may/might have gone home.
注意You might have told me earlier!你本可以早点告诉我(实际没有告诉) might have done 表示“过去本可以做某事而没有做。
5) 常用句式总结
①不妨，倒不如 You may as well ask him. You might as well stay with us.
②很可能 He may well be proud of his son. We might well get injured.
Ⅲ.must译为“必须”, have to译为“不得不”
1) 表示必须、必要
You must come here on time. I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.
---- Must we hand in our exercise books today? ---- Yes, you must.（ No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.）
总结：①表示义务即必须时must强调主观，而 have to 强调 需要。must只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式。
②在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（ ），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.
3) 表示推测、可能， 只能用于 句中。其中must have done表示
You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now.
I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.
4) 表示“偏偏”表示很不巧，通常都是令人不愉快的事。
翻译句子：We were ready to leave, but the baby must catch cold.
Ⅳ.need译为“需要”
1）You needn’t come so early. ---- Need I finish the work today? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
总结：need 作情态动词用时, 常用于 和 句中。
2）needn’t have done 表示 Tom needn’t have done it yesterday.
注意need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。
The house needs to be painted. Students need to finish their homework today.
Ⅴ.shall
1) shall 用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示说话人： 。
What shall we do this evening? What shall he do next?
2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的 。
You shall fail if you don’t work hard. He shall have the book when I finish it. He shall be punished.
Ⅵ.should, ought to译为“应该”
1) 表示劝告、建议。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
翻译句子：You should / ought to go to class right away.
2. Should I open the window?
2) 表示推测 通常指有事实依据，常理推断
It’s nearly seven o’clock. He ought to/should be home by now.
3）should表示惊讶、遗憾有时与why/who/how等疑问词连用译成“居然、竟然”
翻译句子：why should you think so?
4) should/ought to have done 表示 否定形式表示
You should/ought to have paid more attention to your lessons. Tom shouldn’t/ought not to have told me secret.
Ⅶ.will, would译为“愿意、要”
1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?
2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. They asked him if he would go abroad.
3) 区分would和used to
During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. She would play here.
When we were children, we would/ used to go skating every winter.
He used to like you. He used to be a quiet boy. I used to get up early.（过去起早，现在可能不起早了）
总结：当表示过去习惯性的动作时，二者 。used to可以与状态动词连用， 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。若强调过去与现在的对比，用 。
4) will 常用与第三人称表示习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water.
5)would like/love have done本打算做sth但做了别的事情。
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
Ⅷ .dare译为“敢”
1）She daren’t even look out. Dare you go school by yourself? 总结：dare 作情态动词用时, 常用于 和 句中。dare的特殊句式“我想、我猜” I dare say he will come.
巩固训练
一、基础题（level A）
1总结：猜测: must, may, might, can, could
用于肯定句,非常肯定的猜测是 ；
用于肯定句,表示可能的猜测是
用于否定/疑问句,过去时用could的是 ；
表示预测“应当” 的是
2翻译下列情态动词的否定形式
mustn’t ；
needn’t (=don’t have to)
can’t ；
may not ；
shouldn’t（=ought not to）
3总结：情态动词+ have done
本应该做而没做 ；
本不该某事而做了
本可以做而没做 ；
不必做的做了
可能做了某事(猜测) ；
一定做了(猜测)
一定没有做(猜测)
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二、强化题 （level B）
( )1. ---May I sit beside you, sir?
--- No, you ______. My girlfriend is coming soon.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
( )2.-- _____ I speak to Mary, please?
--Sorry, she____ come to the phone because she isn’t in.
A. Might; won’t B. Can’t; mustn’t C. May; can’t D. Couldn’t; shouldn’t
( )3. --- I want to know if I _ smoke here.
--- No, you____ . Could you see the sign “NO SMOKING” there?
A. can; needn’t B. must; can’t C. shall; won’t D. may; mustn’t
( )4. My wife never remembers my telephone number. She always ____ look it up.
A. must B. should C. would D. has to
( )5. --- ____ you pass me the English magazine, please? --- Sure. Here you are.
A. Could B. Need C. Must D. Might
三、提升题（level C）
( )1. A computer ___think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
( )2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
( )3.--Where is my uncle, Mary? --He ___ in the bedroom.
A. must have been B. must be C. may have been D. should have been
( )4.Peter ___ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
( )5. --That must be a mistake. --No, it ___ a mistake.
A. must not be B. needn’t be C. can not be D. would not be
( )6. It’s nearly 7 o’clock. Dad ___ come home soon.
A. can B. could C. would D. should
( )7.--Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
--I’m not sure. I ___ go to the concert tonight.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
( )8..I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ___ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
( )9.Johnny, you___ play with the knife, you ___ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t, must D. can’t; shouldn’t
( )10.I didn’t hear the phone. I ___ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
四、实战演练（level D）
( )1. It’s nearly seven o’clock . Jack ___ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. could
( )2. They will ______ run this machine on their own in three months.
A. can B. could C. may D. be able to
( )3. That big cinema ______ seat 2,000 people.
A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to
( )4. — Could I borrow your dictionary? — Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
( )5. — Might I watch TV after supper? — Yes, you ________.
A. may B. must C. might D. can
Reflection:
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1) 表示能力 总结：表示现在的能力用 can ，表示过去的能力用 could.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用 was able to ，不能用can。表示“将来能”用 will be able to 。
2) 表示请求和允许。 总结：could 不是can的过去式，只是语气 更委婉 ，在答语中用can 代替。
3) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句 和否定句句中。
4) can/could have done 用在肯定 句中可以表示本来能做某事但没做，用在疑问和否定 句子中表示对过去情况的推测。
5) 常用句式总结
① can +否定词+too/enough表示 越…越好、再怎么也不过分 ② can’t but do sth表示 不得不
1) 表示请求和允许。
总结：might比 may语气更委婉 ，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用 mustn’t 或 can’t ，表示“不可以，禁止”。注意：用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。
2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 祝你成功 祝你快乐！ May you be happy!
3) 表示推测、可能性。
总结：表示推测用于肯定句 和否定句 句中，疑问句用can 代替。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may 小。
①不妨，倒不如may as well You may as well ask him. You might as well stay with us.
②很可能may well He may well be proud of his son. We might well get injured.
1) 表示必须、必要
总结：①表示义务即必须时must强调主观，而 have to 强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式。②在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t不准、禁止，而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.
3) 表示推测、可能， 只能用于肯定 句中。其中must have done表示 可能一定做过某事
4) 表示“偏偏”表示很不巧，通常都是令人不愉快的事。
翻译句子：We were ready to leave, but the baby must catch cold. 我们正准备离开，但孩子偏偏感冒了
Ⅳ.need译为“需要”
1）You needn’t come so early. ---- Need I finish the work today? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
总结：need 作情态动词用时, 常用于 否定 和 疑问句中。
2）needn’t have done 表示本不必做某事但做了 Tom needn’t have done it yesterday.
1) shall 用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示说话人：征求对方的意见。
2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的允诺、威胁、命令、警告。
Ⅵ.should, ought to译为“应该”
翻译句子：You should / ought to go to class right away. 你应该马上去上学了
2. Should I open the window? 我可以打开窗户
翻译句子：why should you think so?你为何这样想呢
4) should/ought to have done 表示 过去本应该做某事而没做 否定形式表示过去不该做某事却做了
总结：当表示过去习惯性的动作时，二者皆可。used to可以与状态动词连用，would 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。若强调过去与现在的对比，用used to。
Ⅷ .dare译为“敢”1）She daren’t even look out. Dare you go school by yourself? 总结：dare 作情态动词用时, 常用于 否定和疑问句中。dare的特殊句式“我想、我猜” I dare say I dare say he will come.
巩固训练
用于肯定句,非常肯定的猜测是must；用于肯定句,表示可能的猜测是may用于否定/疑问句,过去时用could的是can；表示预测“应当” 的是should2翻译下列情态动词的否定形式mustn’t禁止、不准；needn’t (=don’t have to) 不必要、没必要can’t 不可能 ；may not可能不、或许不；shouldn’t（=ought not to）不应该
3总结：情态动词+ have done
本应该做而没做should/ought to have done；本不应该做而做了shouldn’t/ought not to have done
本可以做而没做could have done；
不必做的做了needn’t have done 可能做了某事(猜测) may/might have done；一定做了(猜测)must have done
一定没有做(猜测)can’t have done
Period4:强化题：1A2C3D4D5A提升题：1A2D3B4B5C6D7D8D9B10B 实战题1C2D3A4C5A
