高考英语一模突破卷02（北京卷）（考试版A3）

这是一份高考英语一模突破卷02（北京卷）（考试版A3），共6页。
（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
（新情境）One mrning I was running late fr a meeting, and I passed a friend in the hallway. My friend ____1____ me, “Hw are yu ding?” But I didn’t give the ____2____ respnse “Gd, hw abut yu?” I started t cmplain abut the traffic, pr visibility in the rain and everything else abut my ____3____ trip.
Instead f sympathy, he asked me a questin, “Hw d yu knw if the pwers f fate (命运) didn’t create thse radblcks?” The ____4____ was that I might be just spared smething much wrse than being late t a meeting. I gave a ____5____ smile and walked n. But ver the next few days the mre thught abut his questin, the mre wisdm I was able t see in it.
I remembered the times when ____6____ kept me frm accidents n the same rads I was traveling n. The mst memrable ____7____ was a white-ut snwstrm. We were frced t take a slwer rute which was very frustrating. Later, we heard that a family f fur, just like urs, was killed by a truck n the highway we had planned n taking. As this and ther memries came t mind, I ____8____ that it can be easy t be s fcused n an utcme and being n schedule that better pssibilities are nt cnsidered.
Ever since then, I have becme mre relaxed. I have lst weight, my bld pressure has ____9____, and I feel less stressed. It may r may nt be happening every mment f every day, but keeping my friend’s questin in mind puts me mre at ease and has ____10____ my life.
1. A. greetedB. questinedC. advisedD. cnsulted
2. A. hnestB. expectedC. detailedD. public
3. A. stressfulB. lnelyC. excitingD. lucky
4. A. impressinB. lessnC. inferenceD. reasn
5. A. helplessB. heartyC. nervusD. bitter
6. A. crwdsB. meetingsC. delaysD. dangers
7. A. sightB. exampleC. dreamD. feeling
8. A. realizedB. explainedC. cnsideredD. apprved
9. A. built upB. turned backC. gne dwnD. taken ff
10. A. defendedB. sparedC. cstD. imprved
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
（新语境）In 2014, a man at Stirling Statin ____11____ (accidental) tripped and gt trapped in between a train and the platfrm. As the man struggled t free himself, CCTV ftage captured the mment and the current passengers teamed up t push the train t ne side. They pulled tgether and tried several times, eventually ____12____ (help) the man free his leg. The man was seen by dctrs fllwing the incident, but frtunately he did nt suffer any serius ____13____ (injury).
B
By the time Michael Phelps retired at 31, he ___14___ (cllect) a ttal f 23 glds, three silvers and tw brnzes at the Olympics, a recrd that lks unlikely t be brken fr many years ___15___ (cme). Phelps suffered hyperactivity disrder as a child and ___16___ (encurage) t take up swimming at seven t cntrl his energy. Over the years he develped int a champin swimmer, beating recrd after recrd. “I was trying t see ___17___ I culd really d and where my ptential culd g” , said Phelps.
C
The Chang-e 5 lunar prne explred the Mn fr abut a mnth and successfully returned t Earth____18____ fur punds f lunar rcks and sil. Chinese scientists researched them and fund water in sil sample ____19____（bring）back frm the Mn. It is the first time water has been discvered in/ the same frm as the water we use n Earth. Als, the sample came frm a part f the Mn, ____20____ the scientists did nt expect t find any water at all.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分）
第一节 （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
（新语境）There are many ways t get invlved and vlunteer at the Natinal Museum f American Histry. Becming a Museum Ambassadr is ne f them. T learn mre abut this vlunteer prgram, please see the descriptins belw.
Museum Ambassadrs at the American Histry Museum are a mbile surce f infrmatin that helps bridge the gap between tw ther vlunteer grups here at the museum — infrmatin desk specialists, wh prvide rientatin (方向) assistance when guests arrive, and vlunteer dcents (讲师), wh prvide Highlights turs, facilitate hands-n demnstratins and circulate thrugh many f ur exhibitins t interact with visitrs. Each year, ur Museum Ambassadrs help ver 100,000 peple get the mst ut f their visits by welcming grups, circulating thrughut the museum's public znes t answer basic questins, and directing visitrs t prgrams and exhibitins f interest. The museum has als emplyed the Museum Ambassadrs t assist with special prjects and events as needed.
T learn mre abut what Museum Ambassadrs d, check ut what Larry has said, “As museum ambassadrs, we get t share in the curisity f a child, the nstalgia (怀旧) f returning visitrs, the treasure hunt f students assigned t find imprtant histrical bjects, and the amazement f thse experiencing ur eye n the natin's histry fr the first time. We can help recmmend a meaningful museum visit just fr yu. There's mre. We're als traffic cps when elevatrs and escalatrs break and extra eyes fr museum security."
If yu enjy…
•interacting with diverse audiences, age grups and learning styles.
•wrking in an ften busy and changing envirnment.
If yu have…
•strng interpersnal and cmmunicatin skills.
•an interest in histry and cmmunicatin.
If yu can…
cmmit t three shifts a mnth (weekday Ambassadrs) r twice a mnth (weekend Ambassadrs).
The museum is pen 364 days a year, including weekends and hlidays.
•handle frequent walking, standing, and talking.
T Apply
T learn mre infrmatin abut the applicatin prcess, please cntact Ruth Shirley.
NOTE: Acceptance int the prgram is subject t successful cmpletin f an interview and backgrund investigatin.
21. Which ne is the respnsibility f Museum Ambassadrs?
A. T receive visitrs at the entrance.B. T take full charge f museum security.
C. T direct visitrs t their exhibitins f interest.D. T help visitrs with hands-n demnstratins
22. A qualified Museum Ambassadr shuld________.
A. enjy cmmunicating with pepleB. speak at least tw freign languages
C. have academic backgrund in histryD. cmmit t wrking three shifts at weekends
23 The authr writes this passage mainly t__________.
A. intrduce vlunteer prgrams fr teenagersB. prvide special turs t meet different needs
C. invite peple t visit the American Histry MuseumD. attract ptential applicants fr Museum Ambassadrs
B
（新题材）Braving the elements
On Dec.26, Gelinne, 60, was lking ut the back windws f his hme at the frzen lake. Then an airplane came int his sight. Gelinne lked up just in time t see that small air plane a few hundred yards away, lsing cntrl.
As the plane disappeared behind the trees, Gelinne, a frmer Navy fficer, realized it was ging t land in the lake. He flashed n a mment frm mre than 20 years earlier: Gelinne was at wrk in a bank. When a fire alarm rang, he escaped frm the chas but has always wndered if he culd have stayed inside and helped.
On this day, Gelinne didn’t hesitate. He ran dwn t the waterfrnt. The plane had skidded (侧滑) t a stp n the brad, frzen lake, far frm shre. It was nw sinking. The pilt was standing n the wing. Gelinne knew frm his Navy training that even a few minutes in the icy water culd kill the pilt.
Gelinne tested the ice with his ft and decided nt t take any chances walking n it. S he pulled a bat ut frm under his back deck.
Then he set ff, pushing his bat acrss the ice. It was tugh wrk. When Gelinne reached the plane, it had brken thrugh the ice and sunk; nly its tail was visible. The pilt was standing n a tail wing, submerged up t his chest, surrunded by pen water. Gelinne pushed his bat ff the ice and int the water, paddling (划) tward the pilt.
Gelinne fcused n keeping the pilt calm, jking, “Just hang n t the bat as if yu were hugging yur wife.” The pilt grabbed the bat’s bw, but Gelinne knew he had t get the pilt ut f the water and up nt the shelf f unbrken ice behind him befre the man lst t much bdy heat.
By nw a plice fficer had arrived and radied fr help. A lifebat appeared, breaking thrugh ice as it arrived. It picked up the pilt and rushed him t safety. Later the bat returned t help Gelinne, nw extremely tired, t shre.
“I’m 60 years ld,” Gelinne says. “There was n way I culd get him t shre.” Still, he was satisfied he’d gne the right way that day.
24. Why did Gelinne run utside withut hesitatin?
A. He had rescucing experience.B. He wanted t ffer help in time.
C. He needed mre time t prepare.D. He was amazed at what had happened.
25. Hw did Gelinne help the pilt?
A. He made a call t the plice.B. He gt the pilt ut f the water.
C. He asked the pilt t grasp the bw.D. He picked up the pilt nt the shre.
26. What Gelinne did in the rescue prved him t be ____________.
A. braveB. generusC. curiusD. strict
27. What can Gelinne prbably learn frm the rescue?
A. Think twice befre actin.B. One gd turn deserves anther.
C. It’s never t late t make things right.D. One shuld always be ready t seize chances.
C
（新热点）Games have captivated humans fr millennia, with a histry dating back t ancient Hindu hymns that cmpared dice games t an addictive drug. The wrld’s first casin in Renaissance Venice even led t the bankruptcy f the ruling class. Tday, the gaming market is as large as all ther frms f entertainment cmbined. While play is ften seen as trivial, it is evlutinarily ancient — many mammals, birds, and even insects engage in it. Fr neurscientists, studying play is challenging because it’s difficult t suppress, revealing its deep rts in human and animal behavir.
But why is play s deeply ingrained (根深蒂固的)? The brain builds mdels f the wrld t anticipate events, and games are centered n uncertainty. Unpredictability signals smething is missing in the brain’s mdel, prmpting curisity and further learning. Children, fr example, stp playing tic-tac-te nce they realize it always ends in a draw. Thrugh play, we learn t handle the unknwn.
Animals, particularly scial nes, play t explre their envirnment and understand each ther. Research n yung rats shws that play is essential fr brain develpment. Play-deprived rats are mre aggressive and struggle with scial cues. Similarly, kittens learn t cntrl their claws and bite gently thrugh play. Lng befre mdern neurscientists, philsphers like Plat believed games were crucial fr teaching children t fllw rules. Medieval aristcrats learned chess t understand their character, and the ancient game f G was praised fr sharpening insight. Ultimately, cmpetitive games teach us t cperate, bey rules, and pursue gals fairly.
Games als serve as a medium fr mral lessns. Games like Snakes and Ladders and the Mansin f Happiness taught players abut karma (因果报应) and virtues versus vices. Thrugh play, we cnsider ther peple’s desires and strategies, laying the fundatin fr empathy.
In the Renaissance, gamblers wh studied dice t gain an advantage helped develp prbability thery. This frmalizatin f randmness revlutinized mathematics and science, as chance culd nw be studied and systematized. Prbability thery later became a key cmpnent f the scientific revlutin, thugh its applicatin in real-wrld events has led t issues like the replicatin crises in science.
Tday, prbability thery is fundatinal in business and ecnmics, with stck markets and financial derivatives using similar principles. Games als shape mdern scial and ecnmic systems. Game designers, like Reiner Knizia, emphasize the imprtance f scring systems t influence behavir. In games like Mnply, players must act like capitalists t win, regardless f persnal values. Crpratins design games that influence ur chices, frm ads t apps. Understanding hw these games shape ur behavir is crucial t ensuring we retain cntrl ver ur values rather than letting the games play us.
28. Play is deeply rted in human in that it .
A. helps tackle uncertainty and learnB. establishes new brain mdels
C. functins as an addictive drugD. enhances brain develpment
29. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Animals use play t teach apprpriate scial behavirs.
B. Shwing empathy results in better perfrmance in play.
C. Peple shuld recgnize hw games influence decisins.
D. Games bring abut revlutins in math and scientific fields.
30. The passage intends t .
A. explain the evlutin f games thrughut histry
B. analyze the impact f play n the entertainment industry
C. intrduce the rle f games in current ecnmic systems
D. stress the imprtance f play in human and animal develpment
D
Mst envirnmental pllutin cmes frm humans and their inventins. The electric bulbs are thught t be ne f the greatest human inventins f all time. Hwever, t much f a gd thing has started t negatively impact the envirnment. Light pllutin, the extreme r inapprpriate use f utdr artificial light, is affecting human health and wildlife behavir. There is a glbal mvement t reduce light pllutin, and everyne can help.
Light pllutin is a glbal issue. This became particularly bvius when the Wrld Atlas (地图册)f Night Sky Brightness a cmputer-generated map based n thusands f satellite phts, was published in 2016. Vast areas f Nrth America, Eurpe, the Middle East, and Asia are glwing with light, while nly Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazn are in ttal darkness.
Artificial light can wreak havc n natural bdy rhythms in bth humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and cnfuses the circadian rhythm(生理节奏)一the internal, twenty-fur-hur clck that guides day and night activities and affects physilgical prcesses in nearly all living rganisms. One f these prcesses is the prductin f the hrmne melatnin(褪黑素), which is released when it is dark and is prevented when there is light. An increased amunt f light at night lwers melatnin prductin, which results in lack f sleep, headaches, stress, anxiety, and ther health prblems. Blue light, in particular, has been shwn t reduce levels f melatnin in humans. It is fund in cell phnes and ther cmputer devices, as well as in light-emitting dides (LEDs), the kinds f bulbs that have becme ppular at hme and in industrial and city lighting due t their lw cst and energy efficiency.
Studies shw that light pllutin is als impacting animal behavirs, such as migratin (迁徙)patterns and habitat frmatin. Because f light pllutin, sea turtles guided by mnlight during migratin get cnfused, lse their way, and ften die. Large numbers f insects, a primary fd surce fr birds and ther animals, are drawn t artificial light and are instantly killed upn cntact with light surces. Even animals living under the deep sea may be affected by underwater artificial lighting. One study lked at hw animals in sea respnded t brightly lit panels put under water ff the cast f Wales. Fewer filter feeding animals(滤食性动物), such as the sea squirt(海鞘), made their hmes near the lighted panels. This culd mean that the artificial light is altering cean ecsystems.
The gd news is that light pllutin, unlike many ther frms f pllutin, is reversible(可逆的)and each ne f us can make a difference! Nw, many peple are taking actin t reduce light pllutin and bring back the natural night sky. Individuals are urged t use utdr lighting nly when and where it is needed, t make sure utdr lights are prperly shielded (遮挡)and direct light dwn instead f up int the sky, and t clse windw blinds, shades, and curtains at night t keep light inside.
31. What des the underlined phrase “wreak havc n” in Para. 3 prbably mean?
A. Greatly imprve. B. Well maintain.C. Strictly manage. D. Seriusly damage.
32. Accrding t the passage, which wuld the authr agree with?
A. Light pllutin was first studied as a glbal issue in 2016.
B. Deep-sea envirnment can help animals avid light pllutin.
C. Artificial light affects the sense f directin and habits f animals.
D. LEDs can be used mre because f lw cst and energy efficiency.
33 What is the authr’s attitude twards the cntrl f light pllutin?
A. Uncncerned. B. Psitive.C. Neutral. D. Negative.
34. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T call n peple t reduce light pllutin.B. T discuss frs and againsts f artificial light.
C. T give suggestins t prtect envirnment.D. T shw develpment prspect f artificial light.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hesitatin as intuitin (直觉)
（新语境）Yu’ve thught abut it. Yu’ve made yur decisin and then.….yu hesitate. Yur muse hvers ver the “purchase nw” buttn, yu’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yurself t press “send”. Yu hesitate. ____35____
Our culture values ding. We’re cnstantly urged t “g fr it.” But what if hesitatin is nt a sign f weakness but rather a valuable signal? ____36____ But we dn’t always make it a practice t listen t ur bdies. When we d pay attentin, we have access t a lt f nnratinal infrmatin including ur intuitin. If yu ntice yurself hesitating, it might mean a part f yu isn’t quite sure. Hesitatin can be the bdy’s way f alerting us t verlked details r cncealed infrmatin that culd be crucial t ur chice.
Since hesitatin can carry such significance, it becmes essential t understand the nature f the signals ur bdies send. Althugh distinguishing between intuitin and fear r anxiety is nt easy, when we cultivate the habit f self-awareness and understand ur fears, we can begin t decipher (辨认) the messages behind ur hesitatin. Mrever, ur ratinal minds have their limitatins. ____37____ Therefre, by integrating ur emtins and physical sensatins int the decisin-making prcess, we access a mre cmprehensive understanding.
T make mre infrmed decisins, we can emply specific strategies. One way that we can help urselves with a specific decisin is t ntice when there’s hesitatin and, if yu have the time, wait. ____38____ Anther interesting way t lk at making a decisin is t walk up t the dr f it. Take actin as if yu had already made the decisin. And befre it’s t late, ntice hw it feels t walk that path. That may give yu mre infrmatin than thinking ever culd.
____39____ By integrating bth ratinal and intuitive elements, we can handle the cmplex chices with greater cnfidence and clarity.
A. It’s easy t miss intuitive signals when we are mving frm thinking minds.
B. They wrk within fixed framewrks that might nt match the cmplex reality.
C. While ur minds are undubtedly pwerful, ur bdies als hld a wealth f wisdm.
D. In nature, the key t effective decisin-making lies in seeing hesitatin as a help.
E. Check back in with the decisin yu thught yu made and see if anything differs.
F. Hesitatin means yur intuitin is trying t speak t yu frm deep inner place.
G. This hesitatin is cmmn yet ften verlked in ur decisin-making prcess.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
（新题材）Building relatinships and wrking successfully with different cultural backgrunds can seem like a majr challenge. But yu can enjy the rewards, while keeping dissatisfactin t a minimum. The key t making them wrk is cultural cmpetence. Essentially, cultural cmpetence is defined as the ability t understand and interact effectively with peple frm different cultures.
Cultural cmpetence is critical fr everyne in tday’s mdern wrld. Living and wrking in a culturally diverse envirnment smetimes cmes with differences f pinin and tensin. Peple with strng cultural cmpetence can reslve these issues creatively, even if a slutin seems impssible at first. What’s mre, thinking and caring abut thers with different experiences can bring ut a sense f understanding. This helps t build trust between each ther.
Cultural cmpetence can be imprved thrugh training, educatin, and experience. Here are sme simple tips t help yu imprve yur cultural cmpetence.
Assess yurself
The starting pint is t understand yur wn cultural values and wrld view. Assess the current level f cultural cmpetence in yurself and identify the knwledge, skills and resurces that yu want t acquire. This can give yu an idea f yur strengths and weaknesses in the area s that yu can imprve yurself in future.
Practice gd manners
N matter whm yu are dealing with, make sure that yu are respecting thers’ backgrunds, bundaries and custms. Pay clse attentin t yur cmmunicatin and make sure that yu’re speaking t thers in a kind and plite way.
Ask questins
When yu dn’t understand smething r want t knw why smene has behaved in a certain way, simply ask. Asking questins stps yu making unnecessary assumptins, and shws the questins yu did nt understand t them.
Keep in mind that develping cultural cmpetence is nt a ne-sht enterprise. It takes time and practice. Whether yu are in a classrm r n campus, cultural cmpetence plays an imprtant rle in yur daily envirnment. Recgnizing and dealing with cultural differences will create a happier setting fr everyne.
40. What is cultural cmpetence accrding t the passage?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why is cultural cmpetence imprtant fr peple in intercultural envirnment?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
>T imprve ur cultural cmpetence, we shuld nt nly understand ur strengths and weaknesses in this area, but als ask questins when we dn’t understand thers’ behavirs, even if we may speak in an implite way.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Apart frm the tips mentined in the passage, what ther way(s) can yu think f t develp yur cultural cmpetence? (In abut 40 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（20分）
（新话题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校上个月举办了九十周年校庆活动。英国交换生Jim听闻后，对此活动非常感兴趣，请你给Jim发邮件，内容包括：
1. 校庆活动介绍；2. 你的感受。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）