北京市朝阳区北京中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期中英语试题（含答案）

这是一份北京市朝阳区北京中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期中英语试题（含答案），共13页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，阅读表达，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
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1.What can peple enjy with the Natinal Trustˈs ffer?
A. An utdr activity clse t nature.
B. A birdwatching phtgraphy curse.
C. An explratin t natinal museums.
D. A visit t a treasure-themed exhibitin.
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A. purchasing a digital pass n a website
B. shwing the vucher at the selected site
C. submitting an applicatin n the website
D. jining as a member f the Natinal Trust
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A. allws free entry fr a six-persn family
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B
Fr years, Rbyn Elman, a nature advcate, has been passinately raising the endangered mnarch butterflies in the czy crner f her backyard. She cllects the butterfly eggs frm the milkweed plants — the nly fd fr these delicate creatures — alngside the highways. Each time she ges n her jurney t the highways, she hpes these little eggs, which are as precius as hidden treasures, will hatch (孵化) int many beautiful creatures. They will slwly make the grup which is getting smaller gradually breathe new life.
But reality destryed her hpes last year. Instead f being greeted by the green milkweed plants, she was met with the deslate sight f mwed stubs (修剪过的草茬) and destryed eggs. The milkweed plants had been cut dwn, and all left were shrt stubs. She felt a deep sense f lss. “Is there really n hpe fr these delicate, flying creatures?” she whispered t herself, her heart as heavy as a big piece f lead.
Even as pain cnsumed her, Rbyn remained determined. She teamed up with ther nature lvers. They reached ut t Frank Cnigli, the city’s directr f highway maintenance, urging him t cut the butterflies a break. At first, Frank was dubtful. He thught, “Hw imprtant can this be? What difference will it make? It’s just sme butterflies and plants.” But as Rbyn and her friends pured ut their wrries, and kept explaining the imprtance f the issue, Frank began t understand. He finally realised, “What happens t the butterflies is ging t happen t us, isn’t it?”, as if a light bulb had suddenly switched n in his mind.
Frank went t wrk n studying mre abut mnarch butterflies, and finally he supprted their cause, and tk decisive actin. He stpped mwing in certain areas, drawing an invisible line f prtectin. S far, arund 20 patches f milkweed plants, like ases in the urban desert, have been prtected acrss the city. “We’re making a real difference,” Frank said prudly.
Thanks t their cmbined effrts, the mnarch butterflies nw have a brighter future, and the city’s ecsystem is n the path t psitive transfrmatin
4.As a nature advcate, Rbyn Elman ________.
A. grws sme milkweed in her backyard
B. raises butterflies alngside the highway
C. studies milkweed and prves them valuable
D. cllects butterfly eggs and hatches them
5.Hw did Rbyn feel upn seeing the mwed stubs?
A. Upset and disappinted.B. Angry and annyed.
C. Embarrassed and ashamed.D. Terrified and cnfused.
6.What did Frank d t help prtect the mnarch butterflies?
A. He raised the awareness f the public.
B. He prtected milkweed in certain areas.
C. He studied the lcal natural ecsystem.
D. He mved the butterflies t a safe place.
7.What can we cnclude frm this passage?
A. Wildlife cnservatin takes a back seat t urban develpment.
B. Gvernment plicies play a main rle in wildlife cnservatin.
C. Cmmitment and cperatin cause psitive eclgical utcmes.
D. The damage f habitats has lng-term impact n the ecsystem.
C
When peple view phtgraphs f frightening spiders, scientists usually bserve increased electrical activity deep in their brain, in a regin called the periaqueductal gray (PAG). The bvius cnclusin is that the PAG cntrls fight-r-flight respnses in threatening situatins. But what if brains dn’t have dedicated circuits fr fighting and flighting? Is threat detectin really a primary mde f the brain with its wn neural circuitry (神经回路)?
This idea f fight-r-flight circuits riginates frm the “triune brain” mdel dividing brains int the s-called lizard brain, including the PAG, fr survival functins, the “limbic system” fr emtins, and the “necrtex” fr higher-rder reasning. If yu knw anything abut evlutin, yu might knw that smething is spurius. The nly animal n this planet with a lizard brain is a lizard. Als, there’s n unified limbic “system” r the “necrtex” fr emtins r ratinality (理性) respectively. S where des this leave the fight-r-flight stry?
Recently, changes in PAG activity have been bserved in nnthreatening tasks, such as reading a fascinating article abut the brain. The PAG has als been prved t regulate bdily systems cntinuusly. Incidentally, this explains why antianxiety medicatins manage anxiety disrders withut healing them. They target brain circuits that aren’t dedicated t anxiety r fight-r-flight but that simply regulate the bdy.
Researches n the brain’s pwers als cast new light n ur understandings. In daily life, individuals might feel like they perceive and react t varius stimuli as either threatening r safe. Actually, the brain, using past experiences, skillfully predicts and frmulates actin plans in anticipatin f events befre stimuli ccur. The brain’s preparatry mechanism, metablically (新陈代谢地) expensive, invlves cmplicated neurnal activities fr sustaining multiple predictins and crrespnding actin plans ver extended perids. But the experiences in fight-r-flight respnses crafted by yur brain dn’t reveal hw it wrks.
Mrever, yur brain, which des much mre than avid threats, handles a cmplex scial wrld full f uncertainty. That’s a recipe fr stress. And what is stress? It reflects energy preparatin fr anticipated challenges. Yur brain ften makes sense f metablic cst f uncertainty, if it drags n fr lng enugh, as anxiety, but that’s nt a must. Peple seek uncertainty ut—and its psitive cusin, nvelty—when they try new fds r learn new skills.
Uncertainty is cmmn, but these days, with scial media and rund-the-clck news cverage, it smetimes bmbards us and leaves us anxius and exhausted. But these feelings dn’t emerge frm fight-r-flight circuits. They may just mean, in an ever changing and nly partly predictable wrld, that yu’re ding smething hard.
8.The authr asks the questins in Paragraph 1 t ________.
A. evaluate a statementB. justify an assumptin
C. challenge an argumentD. intrduce a new cncept
9.Which des the underlined wrd “spurius” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Rare.B. Wrng.C. Limited.D. Unexpected.
10.What can we infer frm this passage?
A. Hunting fr nvelty reduces stress and anxiety.
B. Medicine targeting PAG cures anxiety disrders.
C. Uncertainty is a prduct f mdern media and news cycles.
D. The “Fight r Flight” idea verlks the brain’s predictive pwer.
D
In the field where philsphy and neurscience verlap, few questins have fascinated and cnfused humanity as deeply as the cncept f free will. At first glance, the idea that we have the pwer t make chices that are nt predetermined seems intuitive (直觉的). Hwever, a clser examinatin reveals a cmplex web f philsphical arguments and scientific findings that challenge this seemingly straightfrward cncept.
Frm a philsphical standpint, the debate arund free will has cntinued intensely fr centuries. Cmpatibilists argue free will can cexist with determinism, as lng as ur actins are a result f ur wn desires and mtivatins. Fr example, chsing a music career ut f passin is cnsidered as a free chice within this framewrk. In cntrast, incmpatibilists maintain free will and determinism are mutually exclusive. Hard determinists view the universe as a clsed system gverned by strict laws f nature, where every event, including human actins, is predetermined. In this view, the idea f free will is an illusin (幻觉).
Neurscience has advanced markedly in decding the brain, revealing that many actins are preceded (先于) by neural activity. Studies n the brain’s reward system and neurtransmitters, particularly dpamine (多巴胺), further challenge the nature f free will. Addictive behavirs, fr instance, can be strngly influenced by the brain’s respnse t dpamine. A persn struggling with addictin may feel they lack the free will t resist it. As their brain chemistry has been altered in a way that frces them int acting.
The scientific evidence is nt cnclusive, thugh. Sme argue that the neural activity bserved befre cnscius decisins may nt be the cause f the actin but rather part f the preparatry prcess fr a decisin that is still freely made. Additinally, the cmplexity f the human brain and the fact that much f its functining is still nt fully understd leave rm fr the pssibility f free will.
If free will is an illusin, it challenges ur fundamental ntins f mral respnsibility. We praise and blame peple fr their actins because we believe they culd have acted differently. Hw can we hld individuals accuntable fr their actins if they were never truly free t chse therwise? Withut free will, the essential mral framewrk f ur scieties wuld cllapse int chatic indifference. Free will is nly an illusin if yu are, t.
11.Which f the fllwing situatins reflects the cmpatibilists’ view?
A. Driven by dpamine, I keep checking his scial media.
B. Lucy speaks first after being randmly selected by sftware.
C. Jerry shifts between cmpanies f shared bikes based n discunts.
D. Expsed t a sudden blinding light, Lily quickly shuts her eyes.
12.What can we learn frm the passage?
A. The altered brain chemistry enhances free will.
B. Cnscius decisins are independent f neural activities.
C. Hard determinists see free will vital t mral accuntability.
D. Neurscientists’ views n the causes f human actins differ.
13.As fr the existence f free will, the authr is ________.
A. psitiveB. disapprvingC. neutralD. dubtful
14.Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Des Neurscience Threaten Free Will?
B. Explratin int the Cmplexity f Free Will
C. Why the arguments Against Free Will Fail
D. Free Will: Bridging Neurscience and Philsphy
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。
Experts have warned that an bsessin (痴迷) with healthy eating can cause mental health prblems. A survey amng mental health prfessinals fund 90% f thse surveyed, like in previus research, had seen patients with rthrexia nervsa (ON). 15
The survey fund sme patients cut ut fds like fish, meat r dairy, cnsidering them “unclean”. Their fixatin n “pure” fds leads t deficiencies (缺陷) like irn-deficiency anaemia r vitamin B12 deficiency. Fr example, Dr Niket Snpal fund that his patients didn’t cnsume enugh calries, minerals, prtein r carbhydrates. Sme patients even cut ut entire fd grups after the big dinners f hlidays. 16
The term ON was cined in 1997 by Dr. Steven Bratman. He nticed patients’ extreme diets caused malnutritin, anxiety, and even death. 17 It pses a significant challenge. Healthcare prviders may nt be trained t spt the signs easily, and patients might nt be aware their eating habits. As a result, diagnsis and treatment are delayed.
18 Healthcare prviders need t be attentive t identify and deal with ON in patients, prviding supprt such as nutritinal advice, psychlgical aid, and diet-diversity educatin. The public needs t knw the risks f verly strict eating. 19 True well-being cmes frm a healthy relatinship with fd, nt an bsessin with “clean” eating. By taking these steps, we can prevent mental health issues caused by fixating n healthy eating and prmte a culture where fd brings bth nurishment and jy.
A．Despite its risks, ON isn’t fficially recgnised as an eating disrder.
B．Sme nline health cmmunities prvide sme self-treatment methds.
C．ON patients shwed dubled depressin rates cmpared t nn-sufferers.
D．Media and scial platfrms can prmte a mre realistic view f nutritin.
E．Hence, experts warned that a healthy diet shuld nt simply be seen as a surce f restrictin.
F．In light f the findings, the medical cmmunity and the public shuld take a balanced view n healthy eating.
G．Basically, rthrexia is a fixatin n eating nly healthy r pure fds, r what an individual perceives as healthy r pure.
15.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共10小题，共10分。
There was a time when I was certain I culd never deeply lve an animal. I knw this is 20 t admit. In Britain, an indifference (冷漠) t pets is cnsidered a fault n ne's character.
My wife was als 21 sure that she culd never deeply lve me if I culd nt lve animals. And at the beginning f this year, the risk increased. We were t 22 a cat frm a friend wh had fallen fr a wman wh is allergic (过敏的) t them.
I 23 — but cldly enugh, I felt, t make clear that I wuld nt be respnsible fr the creature's upkeep. I wuld 24 the cst f cat fd, f curse, but like a strict Victrian father I wuld avid 25 entanglement (瓜葛)．
Hwever, Hpper-well, I hardly need tell yu that Hpper differs frm ther cats. Eight years ld but slim as a kitten. Green-eyed and white-scked. Entirely independent but in need f human 26 , t, when the md takes her. Like I said — unique.
These last fur mnths have 27 me t spend an unexpected amunt f time with Hpper. In my makeshift ffice, she sleeps beside me, mews at my feet, r leaps nt my back. Thrugh the windw, I watch Hpper stalk (踱方步) thrugh the lng grass, 28 me f a wilder wrld utside.Every mrning feed her; every evening we play with a feather stuck t a stick. It is ur 29 -the nly part f my timetable that has nt been spiled by the crnavirus (冠状病毒). Withut the lckdwn, wuld I have realized the everyday happiness a cat can bring?
20.A. wrthwhileB. shamefulC. cnsiderateD. practical
21.A. fairlyB. rarelyC. luckilyD. nrmally
22.A. lk intB. search frC. cmplain fD. take n
23.A. agreedB. deniedC. explainedD. hesitated
24.A. shareB. saveC. reduceD. divide
25.A. spiritualB. emtinalC. mentalD. physical
26.A. cmpanyB. natureC. pwerD. trust
27.A. prmisedB. frbiddenC. preparedD. allwed
28.A. remindingB. warningC. breakingD. infrming
29.A. burdenB. rutineC. mistakeD. frtune
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
30.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As yu can see, the reasn why I’m here t tell the stry is 11 I made the right decisin. Sme time after I left the bat, with my brther in it, it 12 (put) int the bttm f the whirlpl. Sn after that, the whirlpl became less wild. Then the sky was clear, the wind calmer, and the mn was shining. I was still tied t the barrel, and the waves sn carried me t an area 13 the ther fishermen were. In the end, a bat picked me up. I was very tired.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Even thugh Tu Yuyu is nt interested in fame, she has becme a scientist 14 wrk is internatinally renwned. In 2019, she was selected by the BBC as ne f the mst 15 (influence) figures f science in the 20th century alng with Albert Einstein and Alan Mathisn Turing. Tu Yuyu was nted fr her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time fr science in China, her ability 16 (use) ld wisdm and new methds t achieve her gals and the fact that her wrk bridged the Eastern and Western wrlds, 17 (save) millins f lives.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893. 18 makes it striking is that it shws a thin figure with an expressin f fear-the figure’s muth is wide pen and letting ut a pwerful scream. The figure cvers his r her ears and 19 (lk) directly at the viewer. This figure is set n a bridge abve a dark, strmy sea, and against a burning range-red sky. In his diary, Munch talked abut what inspired him. “I 20 (walk) dwn the rad with tw friends when the sun set; suddenly the sky turned as red as bld... I std there shaking. Then I heard the scream f nature.”
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五、阅读表达：本大题共1小题，共10分。
31.In the digital age, technlgy is transfrming hw we cmmunicate and interact. What were nce science-fictin tech ideas are nw reality. In the 2002 film Minrity Reprt, Jhn Andertn used a data glve, and nw tuch-based cmputing is cmmn. Similar gaming interactin methds have appeared since 2006. These are just a taste f what’s t cme.
MIT cmputer scientist Thmas Kffler predicted that virtual tuch-based cmputing is the future f human-cmputer interfaces. He als suggested that an even mre exciting area f research, ne that will transfrm hw we cmmunicate with cmputers ver the lnger term, is s-called brain-cmputer interface (BCI).
Tday’s research n BCI wrks n a related idea: the brain makes use f electrical signals, an electrical cde, t send and prcess infrmatin. As the brain runs n electrical signals, assuming these can be accurately read, the signals thus allw us t cmmunicate with external devices thrugh the transmissin f electrical impulses (脉冲) directly frm the brain. In thery, it shuld be pssible t use brain signals that mve yur arm and hand t cntrl a rbtic arm, e.g., t pick up a cffee cup.
Research f this kind is nging. Cchlear implants (人工耳蜗), allwing the hard f hearing t hear, are currently the mst widely available use fr this technlgy. The principle f BCI enables brain signals t cmmunicate with the implant, thereby vercming the damaged part f the ear. In the future, it may be pssible fr implants in the brain t allw us t cmmunicate directly with and cntrl a wide variety f devices, using the pwer f thught alne.
Tday, cmputers and smartphnes with fixed cameras enable real-time face-t-face chat. Next up culd be telepresence rbts, which let a persn remtely see, mve arund, and interact. Ideal fr tele-cnferencing and remte site turs, their ptential is clear. Ultimately, the driving frce behind digital cmmunicatin’s next stage is the cperative intelligence that makes humans exceptinal cmmunicatrs.
(1) Accrding t Thmas Kffler, what will transfrm the way we cmmunicate with cmputers ver the lnger term? _____________________________________________________________________________________
(2) Hw d electrical signals allw us t cmmunicate with external devices? ____________________________________________________________________________________
(3) Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
 The principle f BCI enables brain signals t directly fix the damaged part f the ear.
____________________________________________________________________________________
(4) D yu think BCI will make ur lives better? Why r why nt? (In abut 40 wrds) ____________________________________________________________________________________
六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共20分。
32.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你校将举办主题为“走进科学，起航未来”科学嘉年华活动。请给你校的交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加该活动。内容包括：
1. 介绍活动安排；2. 询问对方意向。参考词汇：科学嘉年华Science Carnival
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1~3.【答案】A、B、C
4~7.【答案】D、A、B、C
8~10.【答案】C、B、D
11~14.【答案】C、D、A、B
15~19.【答案】G、E、A、F、D
20~29.【答案】B、A、D、A、A、B、A、D、A、B
30.【答案】【小题1】
that
【小题2】
was put
【小题3】
where
【小题4】
whse
【小题5】
influential
【小题6】
t use
【小题7】
saving
【小题8】
What
【小题9】
lks
【小题10】
was walking
31.【答案】【小题1】
Brain-cmputer interface.
【小题2】
By transmitting the electrical impulses directly frm the brain./ Thrugh the transmissin f electrical impulses directly frm the brain.
【小题3】
The principle f BCI enables brain signals t directly flex the damaged part f the car. The principle f BCI enables brain signals t cmmunicate with the implant t vercme the damaged part f the car, nt directly fix it.
【小题4】
Yes, I think BCI will make ur lives better. It can help disabled peple regain certain functins, imprve quality f life, and ptentially enable mre efficient cmmunicatin and cntrl methds in the future.
32.【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m writing t invite yu t ur schl’s Science Carnival themed “Apprach Science, Set Sail fr the Future”. It’s a wnderful event and I’m sure yu’ll enjy it.
The carnival will be held in ur schl playgrund next Friday afternn. There will be interesting science experiments, rbt shws and a quiz cmpetitin abut science. Yu can watch amazing demnstratins, try simple experiments yurself and even make new friends wh lve science.
I really hpe yu can jin me. Culd yu let me knw if yu’re available then? Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
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