高考英语二轮讲义-语法填空之动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（原卷版）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-语法填空之动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（原卷版），共9页。试卷主要包含了如何确定谓语动词的时态等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考向一 填谓语动词的时态和语态变化
提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的时态和语态变化。
1.如何确定谓语动词的时态
方法(1) 通过“时态定义”解决时态问题
准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。
方法(2) 通过“标志性时间状语”解决时态问题
在题干中，yesterday, tmrrw, always, in the past few years, s far等都是判断动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找“标志性时间状语”来判定时态。
方法(3) 通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题
当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。
方法(4) 通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题
有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。
方法(5) 通过“常用句式”解决时态问题
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。
1.【2024北京卷】 My heart went ut t him, and I ___20___ (jg) ver t him. As I handed him the glasses, he lked at me and said, “Thanks!”
2.【2023北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as nes n punctuality (守时). I’m British. Sn after mving t Switzerland, I 11 (thrw) a huse-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests shwed up 12 (exact) n time. Years later, having mved t France.
3.【2023北京卷】I turned up at the appinted hur fr a dinner, nly t find that n ther guest 13 (arrive) and my hstess was still in her sleeping suit.
4.【2022年北京卷】Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was nly trying t return her wallet!
5.【2022年北京卷】The use f thse plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The wrld wn’t survive if this situatin cntinues.
6.【2021年北京卷】As it ____13____ (cnnect) things，yur brain tums them int a stry,and yu get a dream．
7.【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events ver the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising glbal temperatures,accrding t a new reprt frm the United Natins.
8.【2020年北京卷】Oliver is a hst f a TV prgramme n fd. He says fd___1___(play) a big rle in his life. "My mum was a great ck, and she'd smetimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared fr his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help.
2．如何确定谓语动词的语态
确定谓语动词的语态，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。
注意：平时多积累、掌握一些动词(短语)的特殊用法，例如belng t不用于进行时和被动语态；date back t/date frm常用于一般现在时等。
1.【2020年北京卷】The Neanderthals___9___（live）alngside human ancestrs in Eurpe fr tens f thusands f years, befre dying ut abut 40, 000 years ag.
2.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, Jhn Tinniswd ___15___ (name) the wrld’s ldest living man.
3.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at mst a few times befre they___4___(thrw) away. It takes them hundreds f years___5___(break) dwn. Many f these bags end up in the cean where larger nes can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dlphins.
考向2 填谓语动词的主谓一致变化
除了要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态的变化外，还要考虑主谓一致的变化。
解题规则
1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。
2.在定语从句中，关系代词that, wh, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
3.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。
4.就近原则：由either ..., neither ..., nt nly (als) ...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
5.就远原则：主语后跟有with, tgether with, as well as, but, except, alng with, rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
6.“every/each ＋可数名词单数＋and＋(every/each＋)可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
7.mre than ne或“many a＋可数名词单数”结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
1.【2024北京卷】 When we slw dwn, we create space t reflect n ur thughts and emtins, which helps us identify imprtant areas f ur lives and ___13___ (give) us the pprtunity t make right chices.
2.【2023北京卷】Up t nw, China 16 (establish) a number f prtected areas with mangrves.
3.【2022年北京卷】Gas naturally ____16____ (have) n recgnisable smell. Hwever, a strng smell is added s that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell assciated with danger.
考向3 填谓语动词的虚拟语气变化（不常考）
确定空格处作谓语动词后，除了考虑时态、语态和主谓一致外，还要结合语境考虑动词的虚拟语气变化。
解题规则
1.虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法
2.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
(1)在suggest, rder, demand, cmmand, request, require, insist, desire, urge, recmmend等动词后的宾语从句中，要用“(shuld＋)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。
(2)在“It is/was＋某些形容词/过去分词＋that从句”句型中，that从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“shuld＋动词原形”。这些形容词有imprtant, vital, significant, necessary, natural, strange, astnishing, surprising等。过去分词有desired, suggested, required, requested, recmmended, rdered等。
(3)在“It is (abut/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“shuld＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。这个句型中的shuld不可省略。
(4)在as if/as thugh引导的从句及wish引导的宾语从句中，与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“wuld/culd＋动词原形”。
(5)在wuld rather后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
（建议用时：40分钟）
【类型一：时态和主谓一致综合练】
1.There (be) a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events ver the past 20 years, causing largely by rising glbal temperatures, accrding t a new reprt frm the United Natins.
2.This device, hwever (use) a thermelectric generatr, which creates energy frm differences in temperature.
3.Wang was brn and grew up in America, but she (build) slid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl.
4.Up t nw, China (establish) a number f prtected areas with mangrves.
5.I’m British. Sn after mving t Switzerland, I (thrw) a huse-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests shwed up exactly n time.
6.Next year, after graduating frm cllege, I (have) a jb teaching English.
7.It (impact) the nrmal frmatin f the lwer half f the bdy.
8.I decided t vlunteer fr this year’s half-marathn after the chairman f the rganizing cmmittee (visit) my schl.
9.Experts say these texts culd prve the gvernment in the third century BC handed ut cruel punishments t peple wh (break) these rules.
10.A white telephne bth (电话亭), knwn as the Phne f the Wind, (sit) in a garden n tp f a hill.
11.Research n the questin (suggest) that, fr mst students, it desn’t.
12.I (vice) my biggest cncern t my mther.
13.Gas naturally (have) n recgnisable smell.
14.The use f thse plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019.
【类型二：被动语态综合练】
1.WED (create) in 1972 by the United Natins General Assembly. The envirnment wasn’t such a big issue back then.
2.The American superstar (spt) with a yung physically-challenged Qatari by, Al Muftah. The by was brn with a rare cnditin knwn as CRS.
3.Single-use plastic bags are used at mst a few times befre they (thrw) away.
4.In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured hw many tears (prduce) by dgs when they were just spending time at hme with their wners.
【类型3：综合训练】
1.【2024年北京市延庆区高三一模】As a mther t three bys, I’m used t receiving my favrite sap as a gift fr every ccasin．It desn’t require much effrt, and my sns knw that I lve it．One day my sn saw a magazine n my desk with Jane Gdall 14 the cver．I said, “She’s my favrite persn.”The next Christmas, I was expecting my sap 15 my sns handed me an envelpe．Inside was/a cpy f Natinal Gegraphic signed by Jane Gdall．I 16 (mve) t tears.I will always cherish the magazine and thughtfulness f my bys finding me the perfect gift．
2.【2024年北京市东城区高三一模】In early Nvember in 2023, a diver, swimming ff the cast f Sardinia, 14 (ntice) pieces f metal n the cean flr. He called the authrities and mre divers were sent t lk. The pieces turned ut t be ancient Rman cins. The cins mstly lay 15 (bury) in sand and seagrass nt far frm the cast. It is said that mre than 30, 000 cins have been fund, 16 are clse t 2, 000 years ld. Experts call this a majr histrical discvery.
3.【2024年北京市房山区高三一模】The dragn, a famus beast brn frm fantasy, 17 (exercise) a hld n peple’s imaginatin ver centuries. In traditinal Chinese culture, a dragn is a symbl f luck, pwer and high status. They can cause weather changes and bring rainfall t the fields 18 (ensure) rich harvests. Therefre, t symblize their pwer, ancient Chinese emperrs decrated their clthes 19 dragn patterns. Many Chinese view the dragn as a natinal symbl, 20 (prud) referring t themselves as “descendants f the dragn”.
4.【2024年北京市朝阳区高三一模】Harbin, 14 (knw) fr its ice and snw festivals, became very ppular last winter. An increasing number f turists rushed t the “Ice City f China” t experience the best f ice and snw culture. Besides the frsty delights, the city still has much mre 15 (ffer) all year arund, including its traditinal Eurpean-style architecture, unique cuisine and cultural events. The city’s individual attractins make 16 a must-see spt n matter the weather.
5.【2024年清华大学附属附中高三三模】Nt lng ag, my daughter’s shes 11 (damage) with a knife. She burst int tears. I tk them t the shemaker’s. The man said he wuld add mre scratches n bth shes as if the penings were made n purpse fr a special style. I didn’t fully understand him, but I decided t leave the shes. Tw days later I drpped by frm wrk 12 (cllect) the shes. I fund mre scratches n each she, but all the penings were patched by red leather and the stitches were twisted. The appearance lked 13 (interesting) than ever.
6.【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】This year, the 13th Spring Festival Jint Exhibitin f Chinese Bks, 11 theme was “Reading China”, was held n January 24th in 85 bkstres wrldwide. It carried ut a variety f activities such as bk exhibitins and cultural perfrmances. Bks 12 (display)in the exhibitin were philsphical and artistic, which 13 (clse) met the needs f verseas readers. Overall, this year’s bk exhibitin presented the newest and finest Chinese publicatins 14 lcal readers s that they culd better understand China in the new era.
【类型四：全国语法填空单句训练】
一. 考查动词时态。
1.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets ________(start) selling chicken r salad in packs designed with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份).
2.(2024浙江1月卷)Hwever, thugh it’s nice t get a few cents ff a pack f sausages, it wuld help even mre if they culd smetimes ________(ffer) in smaller packs.
3.(2023新课标II卷)As a little girl, I ________(wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up.
4.(2022浙江卷)When he felt a 3D versin f Lenard da Vinci’s “Mna Lisa” he ________(ntice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what yu see when yu lk at it,” he said.
5.(2022浙江1月卷)On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, rughly 200 academics - many f them climate scientists ________(prmise) t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
6.(2022新课标II卷)Henry ________(fix) his car when he heard the screams. He lked up and saw Eric hanging frm the balcny.
7.(2021浙江卷)After Lincln was elected President f the US in 1861, they rented the huse and ________(sell) mst f their furniture.
8.(2020新课标)The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, ________(frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum that pened in 1759.
二. 动词语态
9.(2024新课标II卷)Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, inspired by The Peny Pavilin, ________(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk frm Shakespeare’s birthplace.
10.(2022新课标I卷)The GPNP ________(design)t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, and leaving behind precius natural assets(资产)fr future generatins”.
11.(2022浙江卷)T understand a painting, we’re taught t lk fr clr, cmpsitin, and light. But hw can a painting ________(appreciate) by smene wh’s blind?
12.(2021浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a persn’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 ________(cnsider) healthy.
13.(2021浙江卷)Mary’s niece wrte, "The little hme ________(paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary lved it. She was extremely pretty, and her huse was a reflectin f herself, everything in gd taste and in perfect rder.
14.(2020新课标)The parts f a museum pen t the public ________(call) galleries r rms.
考点三. 语法一致
15.(2024新课标I卷)Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse ________(walk) visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr the first time.
16.(2024新课标II卷)“Sme f the things that Tang was writing abut ________(be) als Shakespeare’s cncerns. I happen t knw that Tang’s play The Peny Pavilin (《牡丹亭》) is similar in sme ways t Rme and Juliet.”
17.(2022新课标I卷)The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that ________(be) previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity t increase effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
18.(2021新课标II卷)I kept ging. Whenever I heard f businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One f the biggest cmpanies I wrte t ________(be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
19.(2021新课标I卷)What cmes next is the endless series f steps. Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it ________(be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.
【类型五：全国语法填空语篇训练】
Passage9
（2024·浙江·三模）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Year f the Dragn cmes with inspiratin fr creativity and the pwer t bring big ideas 1 life.
Designer Wang Zijian’s Dragn Out f Water, a creative tea infuser (泡茶器),shines n the wall at the exhibitin f the winning wrks f the 2024 Glbal Zdiac Design Cmpetitin at the Beijing Overseas Cultural Exchange Center. 2 (it) cute dragn design and special functin are bund t appeal t yung cnsumers. “It’s 3 unique prduct, and we expect a psitive respnse frm yung custmers,” Wang tld Beijing Review.
The item belngs t China Chic, r gucha, als 4 (knw) as “natinal wave”, 5 refers t prducts f all srts including traditinal Chinese cultural elements. These prducts 6 (embrace) by the cuntry’s yunger generatins in recent years. Accrding t a reprt by Xinhua News Agency, Gen Z 7 (accunt) fr 74 percent f cnsumers f China Chic gds in 2022, and the search vlume f China Chic prducts has increased five times ver the past decade.
As a yung designer, Wang hpes 8 (capture) yung cnsumers with his creative interpretatin f dragns. “I’ve been 9 (thrugh) studying the dragn’s histrical cnntatins (言外之意) and the 10 (psychlgy) characteristics f Gen Z cnsumers,” the 34-year-ld designer tld Beijing Review.
Passage10
（2024·四川成都·模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Spring rlls, thse crispy delights f glden pastry (油酥面团), featuring a mix 1 finely chpped vegetables like cabbage, carrts, and smetimes meat, are amng the mst ppular 2 (chice) fr a quick and tasty snack. The rlls are fried t a perfect crunch and are 3 (typical) eaten when ht. T eat ne, yu have t decide 4 t dip it in a sweet and sur sauce first, adding an extra layer f flavr, r t enjy it n 5 (it) wn, letting the rll’s wn taste shine thrugh. While spring rlls 6 (serve) in many places, the classic versin can be fund in the busy street markets, 7 they are made fresh n the spt and prvided straight frm the fryer. Gd spring rlls have a light crust, allwing them 8 (pick) up easily withut breaking r becming unpleasantly wet. The filling is carefully seasned 9 (guarantee) a harmnius blend f tastes and textures (口感).
N matter where I get them, ne is rarely enugh, but tw r three might be t much, s I am always left 10 (lk) frward t my next spring rll experience.
考点
五年考情（2020-2024）
命题趋势
时态、语态和主谓一致的 用法
（5年13考）
谓语动词的形式变化主要有时态、语态和主谓一致。语法填空主要考查形式为给出提示词——动词，主要考查时态、语态和主谓一致(语法一致、意义一致和就近一致)
情况
从句谓语动词
主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反
had dne
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋have dne
与将来事实相反
动词的过去式、shuld＋动词原形、were t＋动词原形
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋动词原形